CN102296590A - High-strength reinforcing method of supersoft foundation - Google Patents
High-strength reinforcing method of supersoft foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102296590A CN102296590A CN201110153163XA CN201110153163A CN102296590A CN 102296590 A CN102296590 A CN 102296590A CN 201110153163X A CN201110153163X A CN 201110153163XA CN 201110153163 A CN201110153163 A CN 201110153163A CN 102296590 A CN102296590 A CN 102296590A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength reinforcing method of a supersoft foundation. The method is characterized by comprising the lower-level vacuum self-load combined prepressing of a thick mud seal layer and the rapid solidification of the thick mud seal layer, wherein the combined prepressing steps: firstly, building a cofferdam at the draining pump of a field to be solidified; secondly, blowing mud in the cofferdam to reach the set height when in necessary; thirdly, making a working surface on a soft field foundation or the blown mud; fourthly, inserting a plastic drainage board into the working surface, paving a vacuum horizontal pipe net, and installing a vacuum system; fifthly, blowing a thick mud seal layer on the working surface with the vacuum system, wherein the height of the thick mud seal layer is 2-6m; and sixthly, starting the vacuum system for vacuumizing, and realizing the lower-level vacuum self-load combined prepressing for 60-90 days by using vacuum negative pressure and self-weight pressure of the thick mud seal layer. The rapid solidification step of the thick mud seal layer comprises the steps of doping a solidifying agent into the thick mud seal layer by using a rapid mud solidifying machine and uniformly stirring for 24-72 hours to obtain a high-strength solidification surface layer. The method has the advantages of simpleness and high strength of the field and the thick mud seal layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive strengthening method of large tracts of land ultra-soft foundation, especially a kind of dredging mud that utilizes is raised reclaiming fields from the sea of place elevation or low-lying building site raising engineering and to intensity and all higher large tracts of land reinforcing soft foundation method of deformation requirements, specifically a kind of high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation.
Background technology
At present, reinforcing soft ground and the process of raising basic place absolute altitude have multiple: as preloading, vacuum preloading joint preloading method or the like.Particularly a kind of name is said the technology of " low position vacuum preloading method ", it has not only overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned Zhu worker's method, and provide a kind of and place weak soil and hydraulic reclamation are raised mud layer handle simultaneously, thereby " cutting out a piece of cloth in a way with the minimum material to make two or more articles of clothing " effect that dredging desilting and epeirogenetic are got both becomes possibility, has tangible economic and social benefit.Yet this process also has some significant disadvantages and deficiency, so that restricted the promotion and application of this process to a certain extent, its major defect is as follows:
1, to finish the fixed index of its mudding layer low for reinforcing soft foundation.
Fixed naturally by under evaporating of mudding layer in above-mentioned worker's method fixed main, so it is not high to reinforce its intensity of end back, it is special when the mudding layer is thicker, soft interlayer in the mudding layer exists all the time, then cause the fixed index of mudding layer lower, process stipulation for this reason: the mudding layer thickness should not be greater than 0.8-1 rice.
2, reinforce end, the bearing capacity of whole place hag is not high.
In order to prevent because of the blocked up existence that makes soft interlayer of mudding layer, so the mudding layer can not be too thick, the prefabricating load total amount of this technology can not surpass 100kPa like this, and low excessively prefabricating load will make whole place bearing capacity after reinforcing end not high.
Above-mentioned shortcoming will restrict the promotion and application of this process to a great extent.
In addition, in project of cultivation, terrestrial reference is up to less than design elevation the time then and there, need be with a large amount of backfilling material backfills to reach design elevation, if same court lacks on every side or does not have corresponding backfill with native, can only use drainability very poor during the sandstone material, water content is high, the dredging desilting Ni slurry of several no intensity is made backfill, because the osmotic coefficient k of this type of backfill is very little, can't use existing vacuum electroosmosis to carry out consolidation process during as the mudding layer, cause too thin can not the playing of the thickness of mudding layer due the bottom weak soil to be carried out the purpose of self-loading prepressing, the intensity of mudding layer also can't be guaranteed simultaneously.
All can't meet design requirement for the present vacuum method of all higher employing of place bearing capacity (more than the 100kPa) and deformation requirements, low position vacuum preloading method, vacuum electroosmosis method etc., and existing method of mixing curing compound can only be made shallow layer reinforcement to the ultra-soft place, then can't satisfy the requirement that bearing capacity especially is out of shape to ultra-soft deep layer weak soil place.
Therefore still there is not at present a kind of transmission coefficient that is applicable to no backfill, sand, stone condition and backfill mud
kLess than 10
-5Under realize that ultra-soft place high strength (more than the 100kPa) curing is available.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is easily to form interlayer at the mudding layer that existing super soft ground reinforcement means exists, the mudding layer thickness is less to cause prefabricating load too small and reduce the problem of soft foundation bearing capacity, invent a kind of comprehensive strengthening method that can handle and handle the super soft ground that place, back intensity height, fixed cycle lack to the mud layer that weak soil place and hydraulic reclamation are raised simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation is characterized in that it comprises the rapidly solidified of self-load combined precompressed of thick mudding layer low-position vacuum and thick mudding layer self, wherein:
The self-load combined precompressed step of described thick mudding layer low-position vacuum is: at first, according to the height in final place, build the cofferdam of corresponding height in need reinforcing flexible foundation place outer rim; Secondly, the face of working, if the thickness of serous fluid of dredger fill is smaller or equal to 6 meters, the face of then directly on need reinforcing flexible foundation place, working, if the thickness of serous fluid of dredger fill is greater than 6 meters, then need in the cofferdam, to be blown into earlier upper surface that mud makes mud to the height of the peak in cofferdam and be not more than 6 meters, the face of on the mud that is blown into, working then; The 3rd, on described work plane, insert plastic draining board, shop vacuum level pipe network is installed vacuum system; The 4th, to the thick mudding layer of the work top blast that vacuum system is installed, the height that makes thick mudding layer is between 2-6 rice; The 5th, start vacuum system, vacuumize, utilize vacuum and height to reach the overconsolidation state of 100-180kPa until soft basic place or the compressive strength that is blown into mud for the weight of the thick mudding layer of 2-6 rice realizes low-position vacuum self-load combined precompressed 60-90 days;
The rapidly solidified step of described thick mudding layer self is:
Utilize the rapidly solidified machinery of mud to mix curing compound in the thick mudding layer and stir, the addition of control curing compound, and in whipping process, realize column reinforcing, the reinforcing of wall shape, the grid-like reinforcing to thick mudding layer or expire the solid reinforcing of hall, promptly get the cured skin of intensity through spontaneous curing in 24-72 hour then at 100-180kPa.
Described work plane is made up of one deck geotextiles and one deck bamboo fragrant plant at least.
Described thick mudding layer is provided with and covers water layer, and the thickness that covers water layer is 0.1-1 rice.
Described curing compound is by the flyash of 52-56%, the slag of 17-22%, and the hydraulic cementing materials of 5-12%, the alkali-activator of 5-9%, the expansion agent of 5-6%, the surfactant of 1-2%, the water reducing agent of 1-2 %, the coagulating agent of 1-2%, the assistant of 1-2% is formed.
Described expansion agent is the UEA expansion agent, and replacing the purpose of common expansion agent commonly used in the slurry curing with the UEA expansion agent that uses in the conventional concrete is to increase substantially the compactness that adds solid, thereby improves the intensity that adds solid.
The addition of described curing compound is: when the moisture content of thick mudding layer is 60-150%, and transmission coefficient
K≤ 10
-5The time, incorporation is the 10-20% of thick mudding layer volume, the moisture content of thick mudding layer is 60-150%, transmission coefficient
K＞10
-5The time, incorporation is the 5-15% of thick mudding layer volume.
The comprehensive strengthening method of super soft ground of the present invention, mainly form by two parts:
The self-load combined precompressed of the low-position vacuum of a, thick mudding layer.
Build cofferdam 2 in periphery, processed place, blow mud 3 and be shortlisted for to setting elevation, blowing the face 4 of working on the mud face, on work plane, insert plastic draining board 5, the horizontal pipe network 6 in shop, vacuum system 7 is installed, blows thick mudding layer 8, thick mudding layer thickness 2-6 rice, open vacuum system 7 and vacuumize, the self-load combined precompressed of low-position vacuum begins.
B, thick mudding layer self are rapidly solidified.
When place ultra-soft soil under the acting in conjunction of negative pressure of vacuum and thick mudding layer gravity pressure, after joint preloading through 60-90 days reaches overconsolidation (the disposal field bearing capacity is greater than 100kPa), rapidly solidified construction machinery on the mud can be relied on walking mechanism on the mud and rotation rotary jet stirring system that rapidly solidified dose of pulverous mud of certain volume is blown into mud and stir, thick mudding layer reaches design strength after 24-72 hour, obtains the purpose that high strength (compressive strength is between 100-180kPa) is reinforced simultaneously thereby finished place weak soil and thick mudding layer.
Reinforcing principle of the present invention:
1, adopted thick mudding layer among the present invention, prolonged effective pumpdown time greatly on the one hand, the place weak soil improves its consolidation strength under the acting in conjunction of the self-loading prepressing load of 80kPa negative pressure of vacuum and thick mudding layer greatly simultaneously.
2, super thick mudding layer is rapidly solidified:
(1) to adopt environment-friendly materials be that primary raw material is equipped with flour that a certain proportion of alkali-activator, expansion agent, chemically active surface agent, water reducing agent, coagulating agent etc. mix simultaneously as the slurry curing agent with flyash, slag in the present invention;
(2) activity of mud cell mineralogical composition mesosilicic acid salt mineral has been given full play in the slurry curing agent, curing reaction takes place fast, not only produce strong bonded at the mud particle interface, and can and mud particle in active material react and generate expanded gum material, reach high-intensity also have simultaneously good water stability and durability after making the mud soil body self curing.
(3) in order to overcome the construction difficult problem that the slurry curing agent can not directly be stirred on the mud face, the present invention adopts the rapidly solidified construction equipment of mud (seeing application number for details is 2010205460263), this equipment can not only directly be walked on the mud face, and directly finishes stirring work when can add curing compound in mud;
(4) thick mudding layer can form the high curing soil layer of intensity in about 24-72 hour at the adding curing compound and the back that stirs, and was all effectively reinforced thereby make the place weak soil obtain thick mudding layer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention has carried out organic combination with two kinds of existing soft soil foundation reinforcing methods, the vacuum self-loading prepressing method of both having brought into play thick mudding layer can realize the advantage that deep layer is reinforced, brought into play the advantage of utilizing curing compound to realize mud rapidly solidified (shallow layer reinforcement) again, produced a kind of new worker's method that can make the place all obtain high strength reinforcement from top to bottom, thereby reached 1+1 2 effect.Weak soil of the present invention place and thick mudding layer can reach simultaneously high strength (be supporting capacity between 100-180kPa, even can reach 200kPa or more than).
2, the present invention has been owing to solved the low disadvantage of low position vacuum preloading method mudding layer intensity, so can be further the thickness of mudding layer be increased to 2-6 rice by 0.8-1.0 rice, makes the self-loading prepressing load can reach 60-120kPa.
3, total prefabricating load of the present invention can reach 140-180kPa, so the bearing capacity of place weak soil will be issued to overconsolidation at huge prefabricating load, promptly supporting capacity reaches 100-180 kPa.
4, because thick mudding is being infiltrated curing compound and after evenly stirring, its intensity while can reach more than the 140-200kPa, thereby whole place is all effectively reinforced.
5, the invention solves vacuum method, low position vacuum preloading method to the not high disadvantage of ultra-soft place reinforcing back bearing capacity, the existence that has also changed the soft interlayer of low position vacuum preloading method mudding layer makes the not high difficult problem of low position vacuum preloading method intensity.
6, the present invention adopts the UEA expansion agent to replace expansion agent in traditional curing compound, can make the intensity (when other condition is identical) of the solidified earth that is reinforced that raising is by a relatively large margin arranged, thereby make the fastening strength of thick mudding layer also be improved.General expansion agent is after mixing solidified earth, the volume expansion of its generation is at flyash, under the constraint of slag etc., its expansion energy will be converted into a certain amount of compressive stress field, finally cause the raising of the compactness of solidified earth, and the UEA expansion agent further improves except making the solidified earth compactness under the above effect, reason is that the UEA expansion agent is to add alunite with special aluminum sulfate salt grog or aluminum sulfate grog, the common powder that forms that grinds such as gypsum, when mixing the back, evenly stirs other composition of it and curing compound with mud, through reaction the entringite that generates can be filled effectively, thereby the Small Holes seam that stops up in the solidified earth further improves the compactness of solidified earth, has promptly improved fastening strength.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is one of reinforcing treatment of the earth schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is two of a reinforcing treatment of the earth schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the rapidly solidified construction machinery of mud of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a thick mudding layer consolidation structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4.
A kind of high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation, entire method is divided into two parts up and down, be that place, bottom weak soil is the integrated approach under the huge gravity pressure acting in conjunction of low position vacuum preloading and thick mudding layer, its bearing capacity can reach 100-180kPa, simultaneously top also reaches high strength (the mudding layer is handed over, and bearing capacity also reaches 100-180kPa on the face) by its intensity mix the curing compound that contains the UEA expansion agent in thick mudding layer after, and the concrete steps of the self-load combined precompressed of wherein thick mudding layer low-position vacuum are:
On soft base, build cofferdam 2 according to the height in final place earlier, if the thickness of serous fluid of dredger fill is smaller or equal to 6 meters, as shown in Figure 1, then can directly on soft base, lay work plane (forming by one deck geotextiles and one deck bamboo fragrant plant at least), if the thickness of serous fluid of dredger fill is greater than 6 meters, then can in the cofferdam, blow mud 3 earlier, the height that makes mud surface to cofferdam peak is less than 6 meters, laying work plane 4(then on the mud face that is blown into is made up of one deck geotextiles and one deck bamboo fragrant plant at least), as shown in Figure 2, lay work plane 4 and be included in slotting plastic draining board 5 and shop horizontal vacuum pipe network 6 on the work plane 4, work plane is installed vacuum system 7 after laying and finishing again, horizontal vacuum pipe network 6 comprises horizontal main and arm, plastic draining board 5 links to each other with arm, arm links to each other with main, and main links to each other with collecting well, and collecting well links to each other with vacuum pump in the vacuum system 7.Can be in the cofferdam after vacuum system 7 is installed and finished the thick mudding layer 8 of hydraulic reclamation, the height of controlling thick mudding layer is no more than 6 meters.Start vacuum system 7, by vacuum system 7, mud 3 and thick mudding layer 8(Fig. 2) or by vacuum system 7 and thick mudding layer 8(Fig. 1) " the vacuum preloading system " that form begin to vacuumize, the self-load combined precompressed of low-position vacuum begins, kept 60-90 days, can make place soft basic 1 or the thick mudding layer mud 3 that blows below 8 be issued to the overconsolidation requirement of 100-180kPa in the acting in conjunction of the self-loading prepressing load of negative pressure of vacuum and thick mudding layer 8, the self-load combined precompressed of low-position vacuum finishes.Can enter the rapidly solidified construction of next step thick mudding layer.
In addition, when specifically implementing, in the self-load combined precompressed process of whole low-position vacuum, remain flow regime for guaranteeing thick mudding layer, can after thick mudding layer hydraulic reclamation finishes, inject thereon again 0.1-1.0 rice (the best is 0.5 meter) dark cover water 10.
The rapidly solidified concrete steps of thick mudding layer self are:
1, the thick mudding layer slurry curing of preparation agent, the prescription of curing compound following (percentage by weight):
Flyash 52-56%
Slag 17-22%
Hydraulic cementing materials 5-12%
Alkali-activator 5-9%
UEA expansion agent 5-6%
Surfactant 1-2%
Water reducing agent 1-2 %
Coagulating agent 1-2%
Assistant 1-2%
The concrete preparation method of curing compound and selected concrete material can be referring to Chinese patent 2010102684322 disclosed contents, the present invention improves the compactness of solidified slip and then improves its intensity, with the expansion agent in the alternative above-mentioned patent of UEA expansion agent, obtained beyond thought effect.
Above-mentioned curing compound is added water make mortar, the water/binder ratio of mortar is W/C, and W is the weight of water, and C is the weight of curing compound.Generally get the water/binder ratio W/C=0.5-2 of curing compound mortar according to the engineering fed distance.Fed distance is far away more, and the value of water/binder ratio is big more, can be according to branch values such as the maximum of conveying equipment and minimum ranges.
The incorporation of curing compound is determined by the moisture content and the osmotic coefficient k of thick mudding layer:
The moisture content of thick mudding layer is 60-150%, transmission coefficient
K≤ 10
-5The time incorporation be the 10-20% of thick mudding layer volume, the moisture content of thick mudding layer is 60-150%, transmission coefficient
K＞10
-5The time, incorporation is the 5-15% of thick mudding layer volume.
2, according to the value of the incorporation and the water/binder ratio W/C of curing compound, (can adopt the disclosed construction equipment of Chinese patent ZL2010205460263 with reference to the rapidly solidified construction equipment of mud, as shown in Figure 3) description are determined apparatus operating parameters, as feed flow of the angle of rake speed of travel, agitator hoisting velocity, slurries etc.
3, after the rapidly solidified construction equipment of mud is marched into the arena, select the construction direct of travel, engine bin 4 ' start working, handling good each apparatus operating parameters of control room equipment and starting, be float type worm propeller 2 ' the speed of travel, agitator 6 ' hoisting velocity and the monitoring flow of slurries electronic flow controller, open the consolidating agent high-pressure delivery pump, turn on agitator motor 10 ' and distributing valve, equipment promptly begins automatically thick mudding layer 8 to be carried out fixed construction, the thick mudding layer of stirring-head bottom sent the curing compound limit while stirring forth and moved upward form fixed post (height of fixed post had better not surpass the height of thick mudding layer) in thick mudding layer, ground different final on the scene according to fixed post spread pattern forms the column reinforcing, the wall shape is reinforced, the form of structure of one of grid-like reinforcing or the solid four kinds of forms of full hall or its combination, as shown in Figure 4.
4, after thick mudding layer slurry curing construction finished, through 24-72 hour, place (thick mudding layer) can reach the intensity of design.
So far, the integrative consolidation of whole super soft ground finishes.
The rapidly solidified construction equipment of mud in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 3, it is provided with running gear, high pressure feedstock induction system, rotation rotary jet stirring system, dual power drive system on the mud face, and the high pressure feedstock induction system will connect rotation rotary jet stirring system, stirring system fully mixes stirring with consolidating agent and thick mudding layer mud, under the effect of dual power drive system, running gear on the mud is worked continuously on the mud face according to construction process (can set up on their own), finally realizes the rapidly solidified processing of thick mudding layer mud; The float type worm propeller that mud face running gear wherein adopts buoyancy and traction to combine, angle of rake roller frame can reduce the grounding pressure with the mud face, and its screw flight adopts the despining Archimedes spiral, can reduce adhesion stress with mud, augmented thruster drives thrust, performance is changeed in the antiskid of raising equipment, and the power of running gear is furnished with two cover hydraulic moving motors.The consolidating agent slurries adopt high-pressure plunger pump to carry, the high-pressure rotary-spray distributing valve is installed on the mixing plant, distributing valve again with the consolidating agent distribution of slurry to each cyclone nozzle, under the effect of high pressure, the consolidating agent slurries are ejected in the stirred slurry, booster pump and electronic flow controller are installed on the distributing valve, in order to the feed flow of control and adjustment consolidating agent slurries, the mixed ratio of consolidating agent is then controlled by the speed of travel of float type worm propeller and the hoisting velocity of agitator.Rotation rotary jet stirring system adopts machinery rotation at a slow speed and high-pressure rotary-spray to stir, mixing plant adopts the portal framed structure multihead stirrer, agitator can freely tilt under the impetus of hydraulic cylinder, freely promote, can make agitator be in best stirring angle, agitator hinge head adopts Φ 80 bolt arrangements that can make mud roll up and down and mix and stir in a hinge scope; Shaft adopts hollow structure with the transfer passage as the curing compound slurries, and the high-pressure rotary-spray distributing valve is installed on the stirring-head, realizes the free churning of consolidating agent slurries under the high pressure effect, to reach the effect that stirs fast.Thick mudding layer forms reinforced column fast under the effect of curing compound.
Among Fig. 21 ' be working platform, 2 ' be the float type worm propeller, 3 ' be the walking CD-ROM drive motor, 4 ' be engine bin, 5 ' be to handle the control room, 6 ' be agitator, 7 ' be high-pressure nozzle, 8 ' be stirrer stand, 9 ' adjust chain up and down for agitator, 10 ' be the agitator electro-motor, 11 ' be the agitator guide beam, 12 ' be stirrer shaft, 13 ' be the shaft guider, 14 ' be the bracket adjustment device.
The part that the present invention does not relate to prior art that maybe can adopt all same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (6)
1. the high strength reinforcement method of a ultra-soft foundation is characterized in that it comprises the rapidly solidified of self-load combined precompressed of thick mudding layer low-position vacuum and thick mudding layer self, wherein:
The self-load combined precompressed step of described thick mudding layer low-position vacuum is: at first, according to the height in final place, build the cofferdam of corresponding height in need reinforcing flexible foundation place outer rim; Secondly, the face of working, if the thickness of serous fluid of dredger fill is smaller or equal to 6 meters, the face of then directly on need reinforcing flexible foundation place, working, if the thickness of serous fluid of dredger fill is greater than 6 meters, then need in the cofferdam, to be blown into earlier upper surface that mud makes mud to the height of the peak in cofferdam and be not more than 6 meters, the face of on the mud that is blown into, working then; The 3rd, on described work plane, insert plastic draining board, shop vacuum level pipe network is installed vacuum system; The 4th, to the thick mudding layer of the work top blast that vacuum system is installed, the height that makes thick mudding layer is between 2-6 rice; The 5th, start vacuum system, vacuumize, utilize vacuum and height to reach the overconsolidation state of 100-180kPa until soft basic place or the compressive strength that is blown into mud for the weight of the thick mudding layer of 2-6 rice realizes low-position vacuum self-load combined precompressed 60-90 days;
The rapidly solidified step of described thick mudding layer self is:
Utilize the rapidly solidified machinery of mud to mix curing compound in the thick mudding layer and stir, the addition of control curing compound, and in whipping process, realize column reinforcing, the reinforcing of wall shape, the grid-like reinforcing to thick mudding layer or expire the solid reinforcing of hall, promptly get the cured skin of intensity through spontaneous curing in 24-72 hour then at 100-180kPa.
2. the high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that described work plane is made up of one deck geotextiles and one deck bamboo fragrant plant at least.
3. the high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described thick mudding layer is provided with covers water layer, and the thickness that covers water layer is 0.1-1 rice.
4. the high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the flyash of described curing compound by 52-56%, the slag of 17-22%, the hydraulic cementing materials of 5-12%, the alkali-activator of 5-9%, the expansion agent of 5-6%, the surfactant of 1-2%, the water reducing agent of 1-2 %, the coagulating agent of 1-2%, the assistant of 1-2% is formed.
5. the high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that described expansion agent is the UEA expansion agent, increasing substantially the compactness that adds solid, thereby improves the intensity that adds solid.
6. the high strength reinforcement method of ultra-soft foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the addition of described curing compound is: when the moisture content of thick mudding layer is 60-150%, and transmission coefficient
K≤ 10
-5The time, incorporation is the 10-20% of thick mudding layer volume, the moisture content of thick mudding layer is 60-150%, transmission coefficient
K＞10
-5The time, incorporation is the 5-15% of thick mudding layer volume.
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| CN103866760A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-18 | 王仕勇 | Method and device for accelerating ultra-soft soil solidification through dual-passage variable-polarity vacuum electroosmosis |
| CN105556038A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2016-05-04 | 东亚建设工业株式会社 | Soil-volume reduction method |
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