CN102294150B - Filtering medium for removing TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) from drinking water and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Filtering medium for removing TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) from drinking water and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102294150B CN102294150B CN 201110162706 CN201110162706A CN102294150B CN 102294150 B CN102294150 B CN 102294150B CN 201110162706 CN201110162706 CN 201110162706 CN 201110162706 A CN201110162706 A CN 201110162706A CN 102294150 B CN102294150 B CN 102294150B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a filtering medium for removing TNT from drinking water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a, mixing raw materials including active carbon powder, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene powder, iron powder, attapulgite powder, and a gas generation agent, wherein the weigh ratio among the active carbon powder, the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene powder, the iron powder, the attapulgite powder, and the gas generation agent is 80-250:100-300:60-300:80-300:50-150; and b, compacting a mixture obtained in step a in a die, sintering, and cooling. The preparative filtering medium which has a high removal rate on the TNT in water and can be applied to the drinking water polluted with the TNT has the advantages of prevention of harms of the TNT to human bodies, simple usage, and low cost. In addition, a filter core not powder is used, so subsequent processing is not needed, thereby the filtering medium is suitable for drinking water processing of family terminals. By testing, the rate of removing the TNT from the drinking water through the filtering medium is more than 90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of filter medium of removing TNT in the drinking water and preparation method thereof, the filter core, the water purifying plant and drinking Fountains that are consisted of by this filter medium.
Background technology
The explosive waste water complicated component of explosive production factory discharging, toxicity be large, be difficult to process, contain the multiple extremely toxic substances such as TNT (TNT), DNT (DNT), hexogen (RDX) and HMX (HMX), the discharging of explosive waste water, these pollutants not only have acute toxicity, also have carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenicity, their chemical property are all more stable, be difficult to by general microbial degradation, especially the toxicity of TNT is 20 times~50 times of other several toxicity, and content is maximum.
TNT (TNT) is TNT, is widely used and military and civilian aspect, and its consumption and output all occupy first place in the world, and belong to highly endangering poisonous substance.Contain after the explosive waste water discharging of TNT very easily polluted source, also can cause the pollution to soil, can enter human body by sucking, eat, absorbing through skin, hematological system is caused damage, can form ferrihemoglobin, cause toxic liver injury, toxic cataract, hepatitis, anaemia, dermatitis, eczema, the grievous injury health; Acute poisoning shows as dizziness, headache, feels sick, vomiting, stomachache, obnubilation, hypopnea, gatism, mydriasis, absent corneal reflex, can be because of respiratory paralysis death.Fish can't survive in TNT content is higher than the water of 1mg/L.
Because TNT contains nitro, have danger, bio-toxicity and chemical stability, and be easy to produce the larger intermediate product of other toxicity in degradation process, this is so that very difficult to its degraded, and therefore the removal effect of conventional water treatment technique, bioanalysis and Hydrolyze method is all undesirable; Extraction is not easy to operate, and cost is higher; Ion-exchange and reverse osmosis equipment are complicated, need a large amount of electric energy and water, and concentrate is difficult for processing, and easily produces secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of filter medium and preparation method thereof, and this filter medium is high to the clearance of the TNT in the drinking water, and the filter core, purifier and the water dispenser that are made of this filter medium also are provided.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of the filter medium for removing drinking water TNT comprises the steps:
The raw material that a) will comprise activated carbon powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, iron powder, concave convex rod stone flour and gas generation agent mixes, and the weight ratio of described activated carbon powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, iron powder, concave convex rod stone flour and gas generation agent is: 80~250: 100~300: 60~300: 80~300: 50~150;
B) with step a) mixture of gained in mould, suppress, sintering, the cooling.
As preferably, the weight ratio of described activated carbon powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, iron powder, concave convex rod stone flour and gas generation agent is: 100~200: 150~250: 80~280: 100~250: 80~120.
Pressing pressure is 0.4MPa~1.0MPa, and sintering temperature is 200 ℃~300 ℃, and sintering time is 120 minutes~150 minutes, is cooled to 40 ℃~60 ℃ demouldings behind the sintering.In this manufacturing process, after inventor's test many times, draw the filter medium of in 200 ℃~300 ℃, producing in sintering range, filter effect is better.
Active carbon is a kind of porous carbon adsorbent, and it has such as cellular abundant pore structure, huge specific area, special surface functional group, stable physics and chemistry performance, is good adsorbent, catalyst or catalyst carrier.Can be divided into wood activated charcoal according to raw material sources different activities charcoal, such as cocoanut active charcoal, apricot shell active carbon, wooden burgy etc.; The mineral raw material active carbon is the active carbon that raw material is made such as various coals and oil and elaboration products thereof; The active carbon that other raw material is made, the active carbon of making such as scrap rubber, waste plastics etc.The specific area of preferred active carbon is not less than 500 meters squared per gram, more preferably is not less than 1000 meters squared per gram.
Active carbon can efficient adsorption organic matter, heavy metal, heterochromatic peculiar smell in the drinking-water, especially medical activated carbon, as the product by the relevant drug surveilance standard of country, impurity content is lower, surface area is larger, adsorption effect is also better, and is especially good to the absorption of color and smell, selects medical activated carbon can guarantee that filter medium is directly used in the processing of drinking water.
As preferably, it is 74~104 microns medical activated carbon that active carbon is selected particle diameter.
Described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is weight average molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 polyethylene, and preferred particle diameter is 89 μ m~104 μ m.Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene can obtain from domestic production producer, and the product of M-I type (molecular weight is 150 ± 500,000), M-II type (molecular weight is 250 ± 500,000), M-III type (molecular weight is 350 ± 500,000), M-IV type (molecular weight is greater than 4,000,000) equal-specification can be provided such as Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be.An effect of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is bonding and the effect that forms the filter medium skeleton, because the molecular weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is large, melt viscosity is very high, melting can not be flowed later, so utilize ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene to pass through compacting, the filter medium that sintering obtains forms micropore easily, can play the effect of TNT in the adsorbed water.
Attapulgite is monoclinic system, and its desirable chemical formula is; Mg
5(H
2O)
4[Si
4O
10]
2(OH)
2, the chemical composition theoretical value is MgO 23.83%, SiO
256.96%, H
2O 19.21%.The attapulgite of occurring in nature often has Al
3+, Fe
3+Deng isomorphous replacement, rich Al
3+, Fe
3+Mutation be called aluminium attapulgite and iron attapulgite.Composition such as the aluminium concave convex rod stone flour of the Dragon King of Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province mountain products is SiO
258.38%, MgO 12.10%, Al
2O
39.50%, CaO 0.40%, TiO
20.56%, MnO 0.05%, Fe
2O
3+ FeO 5.26%, Na
2O 1.10%, K
2O 1.24%.Because attapulgite has the major path of similar zeolite in structure, therefore have good absorption and decoloration performance, the organism that decomposes and hydrogen sulfide etc. there are good absorption property.SiO in the absorption property of concave convex rod stone flour and the mineral
2Content relevant, the higher absorption affinity of content is stronger, the performance of the concave convex rod stone flour after acid activation is processed is better.
The acid activation method of concave convex rod stone flour is more, and sulfuric acid process, salt acid system, phosphoric acid method, sulfuric acid-mixed in hydrochloric acid method etc. are arranged.Be the acid soak activating process that the patent of invention of CN90105849.1 discloses a kind of concave convex rod stone flour such as application number, comprise the about 0.5~100cm of the volume of fritter
3The Concave-convex clay rod raw ore, be the inorganic acid solution of 1~15wt% (weight fraction) with concentration, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid solution etc., static immersion 2~100 hours, filter extruding in flakes, 280 ℃~350 ℃ lower activation 30~50 minutes, be ground into decolorizing ability and be 250 ± 5 active attapulgite stone flour with revolving drier.
As preferably, the concave convex rod stone flour is the active attapulgite stone flour of 74 μ m~104 μ m for the particle diameter of processing through acid activation, concave convex rod stone flour after the modification has very large specific area, has outer surface absorption, colloid absorption, ion-exchange absorption to echo the multiple suction types such as its duct inner surface absorption to TNT.Preferred use phosphoric acid modification concave convex rod stone flour.
Also add iron powder in the filter medium of the present invention, when drinking water was filtered, iron powder contacts with water can generate hydrated ferric oxide, has oxidisability and catalytic, and TNT is had oxidation, can the auxiliary activity charcoal etc. adsorbent remove TNT in the water.As preferably, the particle diameter of iron powder is 89 μ m~150 μ m.
Gas generation agent of the present invention is that a class is easily decomposed a large amount of gases of generation and caused a material of sending out the hole effect, and wherein azo compound, sodium acid carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium carbonate, sulphonyl nitrile compounds, oxalic acid etc. are its typical representatives.As preferably, gas generation agent is at least a in Celogen Az, food-grade carbonic hydroammonium, the oxalic acid.Wherein, food-grade carbonic hydroammonium also claims AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FOOD GRADE, distinguishes with technical grade carbonic hydroammonium.Although technical grade carbonic hydroammonium also has the effect of sending out the hole, it may contain the impurity of insalubrity, should not be as the raw materials for production of Drinking Water Filtration medium.
The present invention for step among the above-mentioned preparation method a) in used several raw materials carried out comparatively detailed description, under the collaborative adduction of these several raw materials, the TNT in the water can fully be adsorbed.
In the present invention, for blend step, can think that any low shear mixer or agitator that can significantly not change diameter of particle and size distribution all is suitable for, such as the agitator with blunt impeller blade, drum-type blender, spiral agitator etc., rotating speed will be decided on the type of blender, but is advisable with the dust of avoiding kicking up.
Mixed powder is filled in the pre-designed mould, and with its compacting, pressure generally is not more than 2MPa by pressurization, and adapts with the material of mould therefor; Mould can be by aluminium, cast iron, steel or any suitable material manufacturing that can bear relevant pressure and temperature.Can be in the mould inner surface release agent application, that can select silicone oil or any other can be adsorbed onto commercially available releasing agent on the filter medium hardly, also can use processing release paper.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme: the filter core of TNT in a kind of removal drinking water that is made of above-mentioned filter medium.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme: a kind of purifier comprises above-mentioned filter medium or filter core.
The present invention also provides a kind of water dispenser that comprises above-mentioned purifier.
With respect to prior art, the filter medium that the invention has the advantages that preparation is high to the clearance of TNT in the water, be applicable to be subjected to the drinking water of its pollution, exempt the injury that TNT produces human body, easy to use, cost is low, filter core owing to what use in addition, not powder, so need not subsequent treatment, be fit to home terminal drinking-water and process.This filter medium is more than 90% to the clearance of TNT in the drinking water after testing.
The specific embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just as further specifying the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 80g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(2) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 160g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-II type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 2,500,000;
(3) take by weighing iron powder 150g;
(4) take by weighing the concave convex rod stone flour 120g that sulfuric acid acidation is processed, particle diameter is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(5) take by weighing food-grade carbonic hydroammonium 70g, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
(6) above-mentioned five kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder packing is entered in the tubular die, suppress under the hydraulic pressure of 0.8MPa, sintering is 130 minutes under 250 ℃ of temperature;
(8) naturally cool to 50 ℃ of then demouldings, namely get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 2:
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 150g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(2) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 200g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-III type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 3,500,000;
(3) take by weighing iron powder 300g;
(4) take by weighing the concave convex rod stone flour 220g that hcl acidifying is processed, particle diameter is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(5) take by weighing food-grade carbonic hydroammonium 120g, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
(6) above-mentioned five kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder packing is entered in the tubular die, suppress under the hydraulic pressure of 0.9MPa, sintering is 140 minutes under 230 ℃ of temperature;
(8) naturally cool to 60 ℃ of then demouldings, namely get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 3:
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 200g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(2) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 300g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-II type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 2,500,000;
(3) take by weighing iron powder 200g;
(4) take by weighing the concave convex rod stone flour 150g of phosphoric acid acidification, particle diameter is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(5) take by weighing Celogen Az 120g, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
(6) above-mentioned five kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder packing is entered in the tubular die, suppress under the hydraulic pressure of 0.7MPa, sintering is 150 minutes under 260 ℃ of temperature;
(8) naturally cool to 50 ℃ of then demouldings, namely get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 4:
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 250g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(2) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 280g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-I type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 1,500,000;
(3) take by weighing iron powder 250g;
(4) take by weighing the concave convex rod stone flour 300g of phosphoric acid acidification, particle diameter is 74 μ m~104 μ m;
(5) take by weighing oxalic acid 150g, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
(6) above-mentioned five kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder packing is entered in the tubular die, suppress under the hydraulic pressure of 0.6MPa, sintering is 120 minutes under 300 ℃ of temperature;
(8) naturally cool to 40 ℃ of then demouldings, namely get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 5:
Get the tubulose filter core 1 of the many minute apertures of embodiment 1~4 gained, 2,3,4, the liner two-layer nonwoven, the outsourcing two-layer nonwoven wraps the polypropylene porous web at skin again, the bonding upper connection end cap in filter core two ends, be positioned in stainless steel or the plastic casing, for the treatment of drinking water, after testing, this filter core is good to the removal effect of the TNT in the drinking water.As shown in table 1, for adopting filter core that embodiment 1~4 provides to the content of the TNT before and after the drinking water treatment.
Table 1 uses the TNT content in the water of filter core processing front and back, unit: mg/L
As can be seen from Table 1, the TNT that utilizes filter core of the present invention to remove in the water has obtained good effect, and clearance is more than 90%, and this filter core is fit to the needs of home terminal drinking water treatment very much
More than filter medium for removing drinking water TNT provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof and the filter core that is made of this filter medium are described in detail.Used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method who is used for the filter medium of removal drinking water TNT is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The raw material that a) will comprise activated carbon powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, iron powder, concave convex rod stone flour and gas generation agent mixes, and the weight ratio of described activated carbon powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, iron powder, concave convex rod stone flour and gas generation agent is: 100~200:150~250:80~280:100~250:80~120;
Described activated carbon powder is that particle diameter is the medicinal active powdered carbon of 74 μ m~104 μ m;
The particle diameter of described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is 89 μ m~104 μ m, and the poly weight average molecular weight of described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is greater than 1,000,000;
The particle diameter of described iron powder is 89 μ m~150 μ m;
Described concave convex rod stone flour is the active attapulgite clay of 74 μ m~104 μ m for the particle diameter of processing through acid activation;
B) mixture of step a) gained is suppressed sintering, cooling in mould.
2. the filter medium that is used for removal drinking water TNT that preparation method according to claim 1 obtains.
3. a filter core is characterized in that, is made of filter medium claimed in claim 2.
4. a purifier is characterized in that, comprises filter medium claimed in claim 2 or filter core claimed in claim 3.
5. a water dispenser is characterized in that, comprises purifier claimed in claim 4.
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CN103977774A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-13 | 潘峰 | Filtering medium for removing nonyl phenol in drinking water, filter element and preparation method |
CN103977635B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-11-25 | 潘峰 | For removing the filter medium of halogen acetonitrile in drinking water, filter core and preparation method |
CN104021833B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-04-19 | 潘峰 | Filter medium and filter element for removing radioactive uranium in drinking water and preparing method of filter medium |
CN104190437B (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-30 | 中国万宝工程公司 | A kind of preparation method of light-weight metal ceramic catalyst of DBP waste water of degrading and application |
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CN101007262A (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2007-08-01 | 尹军 | Preparation method of bag-pack drinking water purifying functional agent |
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