Be used for filter medium of removing drinking water benzene and homologue thereof and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of filter medium of removing benzene in the drinking water and homologue thereof and preparation method thereof, the filter core, the water purifying plant and drinking Fountains that constitute by this filter medium.
Background technology
Monitor the water outlet of 25 drink source waters and 25 water factories the Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, detect 468 kinds of organic matters altogether, wherein 39 kinds is the domestic and international the strictest noxious material of control, mainly contains benzene and homologue toluene thereof, dimethylbenzene also has materials such as multiring aromatic hydrocarbon, volatility halogenated hydrocarbon.
Benzene and homologue toluene thereof, dimethylbenzene are mainly by coal tar fractional distillation and oil pyrolysis and obtain.The three is the liquid that water white transparency has fragranced, high volatility.The industrial boiling point that utilizes the three is different and with its separation, but is difficult in the ordinary course of things this three is separated fully, so general industry, also contains the benzene of a great deal of with the toluene and the dimethylbenzene that all contain a great deal of in the benzene in the industrial toluene.Therefore, in the production environment air, benzene,toluene,xylene often exists simultaneously.This three all mainly is used as organic solvent and industrial chemicals.Rubber, paint, spray paint, all can contact benzene in pharmacy, synthetic fibers (terylene), dyestuff, agricultural chemicals, artificial leather production and the press.Toluene toxicity is low than benzene, be used in a large number in recent years to replace benzene as the solvent and the paint of rubber, resin, spray paint, the diluent of printing ink etc., also be used for explosive, pharmacy and other Chemical Manufacture.Dimethylbenzene toxicity is little than toluene, as the solvent of paint, agricultural chemicals, and the substitute of benzene, toluene.
Benzene mainly absorbs through the respiratory tract suction with through skin, benzene in the suction body, the 35%-60% unconverted is promptly discharged by exhaling, about 40% is converted into phenols in body combines with sulfate radical and glucuronic acid by discharging in the urine again, there is 15%-20% to accumulate fatty more tissue in body approximately, gradates and be that above-mentioned metabolite discharges.Short term contact, benzene produces the paralysis effect to central nervous system, causes acute poisoning, and weight person headache can occur, feels sick, vomiting, in a certain state of delirium, unconsciousness, stupor, tic, heart rate quickening etc., and severe patient can be because cental system paralysis and death; Long-term contact benzene can cause slow poisoning, neurasthenia syndrome causes very big injury to blood, infringement marrow, red blood cell, leucocyte, platelet counts are reduced, and make chromosome aberration, thus leukaemia caused, even alpastic anemia appears, also can cause bleeding profusely, thereby suppress immune function, disease is had an opportunity to take advantage of, now confirmed as carcinogenic substance by IARC.In addition, many experimental results show that: benzene has the embryotoxicity effect, makes embryo and embryo growth and development slow to a certain extent, and neonate's under-weight incidence increases, and neonate's rate in congenital malformation reaches 27.36 ‰.Also have investigation to confirm: it is also influential to its children's intelligence development that mother's pregnancy period contacts the benzene series mixture.
The toluene steam is also mainly invaded human body through respiratory tract, and skin only can absorb by trace.Toluene has than the strong stimulation effect skin and mucosa.Show as the anesthetic effect of central nervous system during acute poisoning, neurasthenic syndrome also appears during slow poisoning, toxic action to hematological system is not obvious, but owing to often contain a certain amount of benzene in the industrial toluene, changes so also can be the blood picture of Chronic Benzene Poisoning sometimes.The same toluene of the route of entry of dimethylbenzene, acute toxicity mainly also are the anesthetic effect to central nervous system, and skin and mucosa is had than the strong stimulation effect.Long-term chronic effect can cause neurasthenic syndrome and autonomic imbalance, but its chronic effect than benzene and toluene a little less than.
At present, the processing method of conventional coagulation, precipitation, use tradition sand filtering material filtered water produces little effect for benzene and the homologue thereof removed in the water, and clearance is lower.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of filter medium and preparation method thereof, and this filter medium also provides the filter core, purifier and the water dispenser that are made of this filter medium to the clearance height of benzene in the drinking water and homologue thereof.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of filter medium that is used for removing drinking water benzene and homologue thereof comprises the steps:
A) raw material that will comprise activated carbon powder, zeolite powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, diatomite in powder and gas generation agent mixes, and the weight ratio of described activated carbon powder, zeolite powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, diatomite in powder and gas generation agent is: 60~200: 50~200: 200~300: 50~200: 50~150;
B) mixture of step a) gained is suppressed sintering, cooling in mould.
As preferably, the weight ratio of activated carbon powder, zeolite powder, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, diatomite in powder and gas generation agent is: 60~70: 70~80: 290~300: 80~90: 100~120.
Pressing pressure is preferably 0.4~1.0MPa, and sintering temperature is preferably: 200 ℃~300 ℃, sintering time is preferably 120~150 minutes, and cooling is preferably to 40 ℃ of left and right sides demouldings behind the sintering.In this manufacturing process, after inventor's test many times, draw the filter medium that sintering range is produced in 200 ℃~300 ℃, filter effect is better.
Active carbon is a kind of porous carbon adsorbent, and it has as cellular abundant pore structure, huge specific area, special surface functional group, stable physics and chemical property, is good adsorbent, catalyst or catalyst carrier.Can be divided into wood activated charcoal according to raw material sources different activities charcoal, as cocoanut active charcoal, apricot shell active carbon, wooden burgy etc.; The mineral raw material active carbon is the active carbon that raw material is made as various coals and oil and elaboration products thereof; The active carbon that other raw material is made, the active carbon of making as scrap rubber, waste plastics etc.The specific area of preferred active carbon is not less than 500 meters squared per gram, more preferably is not less than 1000 meters squared per gram.
Active carbon can efficiently adsorb organic matter, heavy metal, heterochromatic peculiar smell, the especially medical activated carbon in the drinking-water, and as the product by the relevant drug surveilance standard of country, impurity content is lower, and surface area is bigger, and adsorption effect is also better.Select for use medical activated carbon can guarantee that filter medium is directly used in the processing of drinking water.Active carbon has multiple oxygen containing functional group on the surface except the impalpable structure of orderly crystallite district with two dimension and not too regular crosslinked charcoal hexagonal space lattice, this just makes the also adsorbable apolar substance of the both adsorbable polar substances of active carbon.A large amount of experimental results confirm that benzene and homologue thereof all are that the aromatic ring mode of lying low is adsorbed at the carbonaceous absorption surface.As preferably, it is that 74~89 microns medical activated carbon is to benzene and homologue adsorption effect the best thereof that active carbon is selected particle diameter for use.
Natural zeolite is the general name of moisture porous silicate, its crystalline texture mainly is to be made of silicon-oxy tetrahedron, wherein part tetravalence silicon ion is replaced by trivalent aluminium ion, cause the negative electrical charge surplus, the ion that therefore alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal isoequilibrium electric charge are arranged in the structure, the vestibule and the duct of certain pore size are arranged in the zeolite framework simultaneously, determined it to have character such as absorption, ion-exchange.
Natural zeolite can carry out modification by the acid treatment processing technology to be handled: natural zeolite is crushed to 5~80 orders, with concentration is the hydrochloric acid of 4~10wt% or sulfuric acid impregnation process 10~20 hours, in sodium carbonate or caustic alkali and the back wash, poach is 30~60 minutes again; Zeolite dehydration after will boiling at 350~580 ℃ of roasting temperatures, is crushed to needed granularity then.
Can also pass through calcine technology, with the natural zeolite roasting to temperature when enough high, the water quenching, dry then, pulverize and obtain modified zeolite powder.
In addition, natural zeolite can also modification become Na type zeolite powder, H type zeolite powder, P type zeolite powder, NH
4Type zeolite powder or faujasite powder etc.
As the preparation of P type zeolite powder, be that NaOH solution is put in 10~20 purpose zeolite ore deposits, heated 70 hours down at 95 ± 5 ℃ then.
The and for example preparation of H type zeolite powder is that natural zeolite is handled with diluted mineral acid, can be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, makes H
+Exchange rate is at least more than 20%, and the back that is shaped is 90~110 ℃ of dryings, at last with 350~600 ℃ of temperature heat-activated.
The preparation of Na type zeolite powder is for another example handled zeolite with excessive sodium salt, as sodium chloride, and sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate etc. make Na
+Exchange rate at least more than 75%, the back that is shaped is 90~110 ℃ of dryings, at last with 350~600 ℃ of temperature heat-activated.
Natural zeolite can be removed impurity contained in the mineral and DDGS after modification is handled, etch abundant hole and vestibule in mineral structure, increases its contact area, thus character such as the absorption of raising zeolite, ion-exchange.
As preferably, described modified zeolite powder is for through acid-treated using natural clinoptilolite powder.
As preferably, described modified zeolite powder is for being selected from Na type zeolite powder, H type zeolite powder, P type zeolite powder, NH
4In type zeolite powder or the faujasite powder one or more.
As preferably, the particle diameter of described modified zeolite powder is 104~150 microns.
Described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is a weight average molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 polyethylene, and preferred particle diameter is 104~150 microns.Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene can obtain from domestic production producer, and the product of M-I type (molecular weight is 150 ± 500,000), M-II type (molecular weight is 250 ± 500,000), M-III type (molecular weight is 350 ± 500,000), M-IV type specifications such as (molecular weight are greater than 4,000,000) can be provided as Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be.An effect of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is bonding and the effect that forms the filter medium skeleton, because the molecular weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is big, melt viscosity is very high, fusion can not be flowed later, so utilize ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene to pass through compacting, the filter medium that sintering obtains forms micropore easily, can play the effect of benzene in the adsorbed water and homologue thereof.
Diatomite is made up of the remains of the very high diatom of oxycompound, radiolitid or sponge, and the silica type in the diatom skeleton is similar to opal or moisture silica, mainly by SiO
2Form, and contain a spot of Fe
2O
3, CaO, MgO, Al
2O
3And organic impurities.It is light yellow or light grey that diatomite is usually, and matter is soft, porous and lighter.Diatomite mainly originates in Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province city in China.
Usually can carry out modification to diatomite and handle the water treatment capacity that improves it, as preferably, the modification infusorial earth powder after the present invention selects for use and handles through modification.
Described diatomite is carried out the method that modification handles is method known in those skilled in the art: hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid washing activation; Low temperature or high-temperature roasting activation, for example method of modifying of being put down in writing among U.S. Pat 2701240 and the Chinese patent CN86106871A; Organic matter modification method, for example the employing cetyl trimethylammonium of being put down in writing among the Chinese patent CN200410079630.9 (CTMA), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and the polyacrylamide method of diatomite being carried out modification.
After diatomite was handled with modification, oxide impurity content reduced, SiO
2Content increases, and specific area and pore volume also increase, so the carrier effect of terra silicea purificata is better than natural diatomaceous earth.
As preferably, it is 89~104 microns modification infusorial earth powder that the present invention selects particle diameter for use.
Gas generation agent of the present invention is that a class is easily decomposed a large amount of gases of generation and caused a material of sending out the hole effect, and wherein azo compound, sodium acid carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium carbonate, sulphonyl nitrile compounds, oxalic acid etc. are its typical representatives.As preferably, gas generation agent is at least a in Celogen Az, food-grade carbonic hydroammonium, the oxalic acid.Wherein, food-grade carbonic hydroammonium also claims AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FOOD GRADE, distinguishes mutually with technical grade carbonic hydroammonium.Though technical grade carbonic hydroammonium also has the effect of sending out the hole, it may contain the impurity of insalubrity, should not be as the raw materials for production of drinking water filter medium.
The present invention has carried out comparatively detailed description for several raw materials used in the step a) among the above-mentioned preparation method, and under the collaborative adduction of these several raw materials, benzene in the water and homologue thereof can fully be adsorbed.
In the present invention, for blend step, can think that any low shear mixer or agitator that can significantly not change diameter of particle and size distribution all is suitable for, such as the agitator with blunt impeller blade, drum-type blender, spiral agitator etc., rotating speed will be decided on the type of blender, but is advisable with the dust of avoiding kicking up.
Mixed powder is filled in the pre-designed mould, by pressurizeing with its compaction moulding, pressure generally is not more than 2MPa, and adapts with the material of mould therefor, and mould can be by aluminium, cast iron, steel or any suitable material manufacturing that can bear relevant pressure and temperature.During moulding, can be in the mould inner surface release agent application, that can select silicone oil or any other for use can be adsorbed onto commercially available releasing agent on the filter medium hardly, also can use processing release paper.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme: the filter core of benzene and homologue thereof in a kind of removal drinking water that is made of above-mentioned filter medium.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme: a kind of purifier comprises above-mentioned filter medium or filter core.
The present invention also provides a kind of water dispenser that comprises above-mentioned purifier.
With respect to prior art, the invention has the advantages that the clearance height of the filter medium of preparation to benzene in the drinking water and homologue thereof, the injury that benzene and homologue thereof produce human body in the release drinking water, easy to use, be filter core owing to what use in addition, not powder,, be fit to home terminal drinking-water and handle so need not subsequent treatment.This filter medium is 95%~99% to the clearance of benzene in the drinking water and homologue thereof after testing.
The specific embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just to further specifying the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 65g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74~89 microns;
(2) natural zeolite being crushed to 5~80 orders, is the hydrochloric acid impregnation process 15 hours of 8wt% with concentration, in sodium carbonate and the back wash, poach is 40 minutes again; Zeolite dehydration after will boiling at 400 ℃ of roasting temperatures, is crushed to 104~150 microns then, takes by weighing made modified zeolite powder 75g;
(3) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 290g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-II type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 2,500,000;
(4) with diatomite in powder, be the sulfuric acid impregnation process 18 hours of 6wt% with concentration, in caustic alkali and the back wash, poach is 60 minutes again; Diatomite in powder drying after will boiling at 500 ℃ of roasting temperatures, is crushed to 89~104 microns then, takes by weighing made modification infusorial earth powder 85g;
(5) take by weighing purity and reach 99.99% food-grade carbonic hydroammonium 100g;
(6) above-mentioned four kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder filling is gone in the tubular die, under the hydraulic pressure of 0.9MPa, suppress, 250 ℃ of sintering temperatures 140 minutes;
(8) naturally cool to 40 ℃ of demouldings then, promptly get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 2
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 70g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74~89 microns;
(2) zeolite is handled with excessive sodium chloride, the back that is shaped at last with 500 ℃ of temperature heat-activated, makes Na type zeolite powder 100 ℃ of dryings, is crushed to 104~150 microns then, takes by weighing made Na type zeolite powder 80g;
(3) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 300g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-III type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 3,500,000;
(4) with diatomite in powder, be the sulfuric acid impregnation process 18 hours of 6wt% with concentration, in caustic alkali and the back wash, poach is 60 minutes again; Diatomite in powder drying after will boiling at 500 ℃ of roasting temperatures, is crushed to 89~104 microns then, takes by weighing made modification infusorial earth powder 90g;
(5) take by weighing purity and reach 99.99% food-grade carbonic hydroammonium 120 grams;
(6) above-mentioned four kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder filling is gone in the tubular die, under the hydraulic pressure of 0.8MPa, suppress, 280 ℃ of sintering temperatures 130 minutes;
(8) naturally cool to 40 ℃ of demouldings then, promptly get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 3
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 120g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74~89 microns;
(2) NaOH solution is put in 10~20 purpose zeolite ore deposits, heated 70 hours down at 95 ℃ then, make P type zeolite powder, be crushed to 104~150 microns after the cooling, take by weighing made P type zeolite powder 120g;
(3) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 260g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-II type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 2,500,000;
During (4) with natural zeolite roasting to 600 ℃, the water quenching, dry then, be crushed to 89~104 microns and obtain the modification infusorial earth powder, take by weighing made modification infusorial earth powder 120g;
(5) take by weighing purity and reach 99.99% Celogen Az 130 grams;
(6) above-mentioned four kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder filling is gone in the tubular die, under the hydraulic pressure of 0.6MPa, suppress, 220 ℃ of sintering temperatures 150 minutes;
(8) naturally cool to 40 ℃ of demouldings then, promptly get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 4
(1) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 200g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 74~89 microns;
(2) natural zeolite is used the salt acid treatment, the back that is shaped at last with 450 ℃ of temperature heat-activated, makes H type zeolite powder 100 ℃ of dryings, is crushed to 104~150 microns after the cooling, takes by weighing made H type zeolite powder 200g;
(3) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 200g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-I type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 1,500,000;
During (4) with natural zeolite roasting to 600 ℃, the water quenching, dry then, be crushed to 89~104 microns and obtain the modification infusorial earth powder, take by weighing made modification infusorial earth powder 200g;
(5) take by weighing oxalic acid 60 grams, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
(6) above-mentioned four kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(7) mixed powder filling is gone in the tubular die, under the hydraulic pressure of 0.4MPa, suppress, 300 ℃ of sintering temperatures 120 minutes;
(8) naturally cool to 40 ℃ of demouldings then, promptly get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
The diameter of the filter core of preparation is 50mm, and length is 200mm.
Embodiment 5
Get the tubulose filter core 1,2,3 of the many minute apertures of embodiment 1~4 gained, 4, the liner two-layer nonwoven, the outsourcing two-layer nonwoven wraps polypropylene porous net at skin again, bonding the going up in filter core two ends connects end cap, be positioned in stainless steel or the plastic casing, be used for Drinking Water, after testing, this filter core is good to the removal effect of benzene in the drinking water and homologue thereof, is fit to very much the needs of home terminal drinking water treatment.As shown in table 1.As shown in table 1, for adopting filter core that embodiment 1~4 provides to the benzene before and after the drinking water treatment and the content of homologue thereof, the result shows that filter core provided by the invention is fit to the needs of home terminal drinking water treatment very much.
Benzene before and after table 1 use filter core is handled in the water and stupid homologue content thereof, unit: mg/L.
As can be seen from Table 1, benzene and the homologue thereof that utilizes filter core of the present invention to remove in the water obtained good effect.
More than filter medium that is used for removing drinking water benzene and homologue thereof provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof and the filter core that is made of this filter medium are described in detail.Used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.