CN102294084B - Mechanical descent control device - Google Patents
Mechanical descent control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102294084B CN102294084B CN 201110185664 CN201110185664A CN102294084B CN 102294084 B CN102294084 B CN 102294084B CN 201110185664 CN201110185664 CN 201110185664 CN 201110185664 A CN201110185664 A CN 201110185664A CN 102294084 B CN102294084 B CN 102294084B
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- driving wheel
- steel wire
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a high-altitude self-rescue apparatus which is safe and quick, convenient to use and has low cost for high-rise residential buildings and office buildings. The high-altitude self-rescue apparatus can be used for realizing the return-rope-free bidirectional escape through reciprocating movement at both ends of a steel wire rope; and breaking can be realized only through mechanical friction so as to ensure the normal work of the high-altitude self-rescue apparatus when a building has power failure. A transmission wheel series with an eccentric moving block can guarantee that relative sliding does not happen between the steel wire rope and the main transmission wheel, namely the transmission is effective. A centrifugal braking system of the descent control device can descend both children and adults at a constant speed.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to fire-fighting domain, relate to a kind of escape device, especially a kind of mechanical descent control device.
Background technology:
Make a general survey of present fire-fighting life-saving equipment industry, a lot of class high altitude rescue products are arranged both at home and abroad, comprise escape umbrella, fire escape, Portable escape equipment etc., abroad on the whole in this respect research to be ahead of domestic, domestic research is started late, but also development was very fast in recent years.
The escape umbrella chief component has canopy, extractor parachute, umbrella rope, harness system, parachute-opening parts and pack etc.Escape umbrella is to utilize air drag, relies on the expandable aerodynamic decel erator inflating expanded with respect to air movement, makes people or thing drop to a kind of escape apparatus on ground from air security.The scope of application is generally the high building more than 150 meters, and need to carry out to the escape personnel training of specialty.
Common fire escape adopts high-strength aluminum alloy section to make usually, in being mainly used in, the small city do not reaching again without sky lift, common ladder the height the place; Aerial ladder is mainly used in the high building of large-and-medium size cities as the extended type safety ladder; Both are that the fire fighter ascends a height and rescues the people, the main tool when stamping out a fire; The common fire escape scope of application is about 15 meters, and the aerial ladder scope of application is about 50 meters.Both are supported in fire fighting truck, the place that need to have fire fighting truck to stop when assisting to escape.
Compare with front two kinds of escape equipment, descending lifeline is flexible and convenient to use, and application surface light is research of the present invention and design object.
Generally being comprised of hook, suspender belt, rope and speed control etc. with the similar high-rise escape apparatus of the present invention, is that a kind of people of making is along the safe rescue equipment of rope slow decreasing.Its available dedicated mounted apparatus is installed in building window, balcony or building flat etc. and locates, and also can be installed on the elevating fire truck, and rescue is in the personnel that suffer a calamity or disaster on the high-rise scene of a fire.According to the braking technique classification electromagnetic type, fluid pressure type, gear type, screw and mechanical friction type etc. are arranged.
1) fluid pressure type
Use the descending lifeline of hydraulic technique, utilize Pascal's law, the pressure of liquid is converted into mechanical energy, transmission force is large, can be good at finishing the task of high-rise life saving.In each parts is made, sealing, durability there is very high specification requirement.Such small product size is larger, involves great expense.
2) gear, planet gear type
Use the descending lifeline of gear type, utilize the gear engagement, according to gearratio difference at different levels, reduce the speed of whereabouts, reach uniform descent.This series products the time need to reach higher precision in design, complex structure and easy-maintaining not.
3) screw
Identical with gear type, thus the screw descending lifeline utilizes gearratio to realize that reduction of speed safety lands, and equally also needs good precision.There is easy self-locking in the screw descending lifeline, and the problem of transmission needs ceaselessly to correct escaping rope in the practical operation continuously.
4) mechanical friction type
Mechanical friction type reaches the purpose of reduction of speed generally by friction catch.It is convenient flexibly that this type of descending lifeline has use, and structure is comparatively compact, and in the situations such as building outage, this type of descending lifeline can guarantee its normal work and flying power.But the type descending lifeline is very high to the requirement of transmission system.Such product price is generally higher in the market.
To be divided into be single use type and repeatedly practical to descending lifeline in the market, and single use type descending lifeline is generally portable, and single single escape can only be provided, so cost is higher, is not suitable for the crowded places such as office building.Reusability type descending lifeline is installed in the floor fixed position, can be for many people Reusability.Wherein use type descending lifeline is divided into again one-way only operation formula and two-way operation formula, and the one-way only operation formula needs escape rope is regained after a people uses, and has wasted valuable escape time.And reversible can rely on the escape rope two ends alternately to avoid up and down time rope time, but design difficulty increases greatly.
The descending lifeline of this Project-developing team design adopts mechanical friction type, can two-way Reusability, inherited to a certain extent above-mentioned advantage, and also overcome some shortcomings simultaneously.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is for high-rise residential building, office building provide a kind of safely and fast, easy to use, high-altitude self-help equipment cheaply.It can realize exempting from back by the reciprocating motion at steel wire rope two ends the two-way escape of rope.Only rely on mechanical friction to brake, guarantee when the building has a power failure, can work.Train with eccentric movable block is guaranteed between steel wire rope and the main driving wheel without relative sliding (transmission is effective).The centrifugal brakes of descending lifeline can realize the uniform descent from child to the adult.
The invention provides a kind of mechanical descent control device, comprise transmission system and brakes.
Be provided with train in the described transmission system, comprise a main driving wheel, the two pairs of auxiliary guide wheels, a pair of guide pulley, eccentric movable block and steel wire rope, driving wheel is arranged on central authorities, link to each other with the interior axle in the main box, two pairs of auxiliary guide wheels and a pair of guide pulley all are separately positioned on the both sides of driving wheel by the fixed axis on the housing, eccentric movable block is arranged on the driving wheel below; The slit enters transmission system between the eccentric movable block of steel wire penetrating and below guide wheel, takes advantage of a situation afterwards outside the guide pulley of homonymy and the auxiliary guide wheel around to main driving wheel, and more symmetrical wraparound passes from movable block and another guide wheel slit.
Described brakes is inner at main box, comprises brake band, sliding shoe, movable block joint pin and interior axle, between sliding shoe and the joint pin being threaded, in the hole of movable block joint pin intercalation on interior axle, sliding shoe surface inserting brake band.
Invent a kind of mechanical descent control device, had transmission system (Fig. 1) and brakes (Fig. 2).Be provided with train in the transmission system, comprise a main driving wheel, two pairs of auxiliary guide wheels (guide wheel A), a pair of guide pulley (guide wheel B), eccentric movable block and steel wire rope, driving wheel is arranged on central authorities, link to each other with the interior axle in the main box, two pairs of auxiliary guide wheels and a pair of guide pulley all are separately positioned on the both sides of driving wheel by the fixed axis on the housing, eccentric movable block is arranged on the driving wheel below; The slit enters transmission system between the eccentric movable block of steel wire penetrating and below guide wheel, takes advantage of a situation afterwards outside the guide pulley of homonymy and the auxiliary guide wheel around to main driving wheel, and more symmetrical wraparound passes from movable block and another guide wheel slit.Brakes is inner at main box, comprises brake band, sliding shoe, movable block joint pin and interior axle, between sliding shoe and the joint pin being threaded, in the hole of movable block joint pin intercalation on interior axle, sliding shoe surface inserting brake band.
Steel wire rope is subjected to the hanger gravity effect, when entering and leave movable block, a side is wherein formed extruding, generate dynamic friction and and then produced tight side tension and the slack list pulling force at main driving wheel two ends, under the effect of tight side tension slack list pulling force, the frictional force that main driving wheel relies on steel wire rope to produce is rotated, and then by interior axle driving moment being delivered to box house, sliding shoe is subjected to centrifugal action that cabinet wall is produced normal pressure in interior axle rotation process, and then produces force of sliding friction.When rotating speed reached certain particular value, moment of friction reached the purpose of uniform descent with the driving square dynamic equilibrium that gravity produces.
By the appropriate design dimensional parameters, decrease speed can guarantee personnel's safe landing.Sample of the present invention has been finished respectively 8-100Kg weight two-way stable and has been descended on 5 meters experiment height, and speed is 0.4-1.3m/s; 50-85KG people's two-way stable descends, and speed is 0.75-1.1m/s.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is transmission system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is brakes schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is descending lifeline structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is bonnet; 2 is main box; 3 is No., guide wheel; 4 is the end face pillar; 5 is main driving wheel; 6 is main shaft; 7 is No. two, guide wheel; 8 is movable block; 9 is protecgulum; 10 is bearing; 11 is centrifugal-block; 12 is the centrifugal-block connector; 13 is brake band.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, in people's high-rise life saving process, for reaching the effect of uniform descent, need to human bady gravitational and gravitational moment and other forms of power and equalising torque, simultaneously gravitional force be converted into other forms of energy.Consider that these works are mainly used in the emergencies such as fire or earthquake, for guaranteeing its reliability, adopt the centrifugal braking principle of Purely mechanical, utilize frictional force balance human bady gravitational, and people's gravitional force is converted into energy in the friction the most at last.Power is transmitted and energy conversion process such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
2) transmission scheme
These works are comprised of transmission system and brakes, and the two relies on main shaft contact, transmission system and major part thereof such as Fig. 3.
The slit enters transmission system to steel wire rope between eccentric movable block and guide wheel along passing such as the figure direction, walks around each directive wheel and main driving wheel along direction as shown afterwards, is passed by movable block and another guide wheel slit at last.Steel wire rope is subjected to the hanger gravity effect, when entering and leave movable block, a side is wherein formed extruding, generate dynamic friction and and then produced tight side tension and the slack list pulling force at main driving wheel two ends, under the effect of tight side tension slack list pulling force, the frictional force that main driving wheel relies on steel wire rope to produce is rotated.Thereby driving moment has been delivered to box house, has carried out dynamic equilibrium with the moment of friction that centrifugal force produces.
Mainly consider following problem during Design of Transmission System:
1) installs amphitropic realization
Be the amphicheirality of implement device, mainly adopt the method for transmission device symmetrical expression design, so that steel wire rope can move back and forth, thereby realize the amphicheirality in transmission system.
2) there is not relative sliding between steel wire rope and the main driving wheel
Relative sliding condition (Euler condition) does not occur according to the band transmission, take following two kinds of measures to guarantee between steel wire rope and the main driving wheel without relative sliding: the movable block that (1) can swing provides extra pulling force to the steel cable slack list, has increased the tensile force on the belt wheel; (2) utilize the V-type groove to increase equlvalent coefficient of friction between steel wire rope and main driving wheel; (3) utilize guide wheel to increase the main driving wheel cornerite.
3) each drive disk assembly transmission efficiency of reasonable computation
When works are in running order, in its train each drive with end face pillar friction process in, can loss portion of energy and change gradually pulling force in the steel wire rope.So answer the intrinsic frictional force of reasonable computation transmission system and on loosening, tighten the impact of limit pulling force.
4) steel wire rope locking prevents to take off rope
Consider steel wire rope more and alternating bending in train through drive, easily produce steel wire rope and take off the wheel problem.So answer appropriate design train size and supplementary structure, guarantee the steel wire rope locking.
2.3 braking scheme
For reaching the purpose of survivor's uniform descent, these works adopt centrifugal braking principle that gravitional force is converted into energy in the friction, to reach the effect of dynamic equilibrium, obtain stable decrease speed.
When the survivor jumped off from high building, the main driving wheel that gravity drives in the transmission system rotated, and then axle rotates in driving, and sliding shoe is subjected to centrifugal action that cabinet wall is produced normal pressure in interior axle rotation process, and then produced force of sliding friction.When rotating speed reached certain particular value, moment of friction reached the purpose of uniform descent with the driving square dynamic equilibrium that gravity produces.Can guarantee personnel's safe landing by the appropriate design decrease speed.
These works brakes and major part such as Fig. 2-4.
Mainly consider following problem during the brakes design:
1) appropriate design of sliding shoe weight and centroid position, the selection of brake band material
For making sliding shoe produce the large frictional force of trying one's best under quality is tried one's best little situation, adopt following two kinds of measures: (1) surface coverage brake band increases sliding shoe mantle friction factor; (2) the sliding shoe centroid position as far as possible outer moving increase mass center line speed (fan-shaped or trapezoidal etc. as bulk shape is designed to), under the homogenous quantities condition, produce larger centrifugal force.
2) layout of joint pin and strength check
For guaranteeing that sliding shoe has good polarization with interior axle in rotation process, adopt the dual link post to be arranged side by side, joint pin is subjected to shearing force and bending force when work, and its intensity need satisfy certain margin of safety.
3) strength check of interior axle
Axle has carry-over moment and as the effect of sliding shoe joint pin radial track, its intensity should satisfy certain margin of safety in these works.
Above content is the further description of the present invention being done in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment; can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; for the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention and determine scope of patent protection by claims of submitting to.
Claims (3)
1. a mechanical descent control device is characterized in that: comprise transmission system and brakes;
Be provided with train in the transmission system, comprise a main driving wheel, the two pairs of auxiliary guide wheels, a pair of guide pulley, eccentric movable block and steel wire rope, driving wheel is arranged on central authorities, link to each other with the interior axle in the main box, two pairs of auxiliary guide wheels and a pair of guide pulley all are separately positioned on the both sides of driving wheel by the fixed axis on the housing; Eccentric movable block is arranged on the driving wheel below, can swing around corresponding fixed axis; The slit enters transmission system between the eccentric movable block of steel wire penetrating and guide pulley, takes advantage of a situation afterwards from the guide pulley of homonymy and the auxiliary guide wheel outside around to main driving wheel, and more symmetrical wraparound passes from eccentric movable block and another guide wheel slit; Steel wire rope is subjected to survivor's gravity effect, swing from the eccentric movable block of a side drive, opposite side is formed extruding, generate dynamic friction and and then produced tight side tension and the slack list pulling force at main driving wheel two ends, under the effect of tight side tension slack list pulling force, the frictional force that main driving wheel relies on steel wire rope to produce is rotated, thereby driving moment has been delivered to brakes;
Described brakes is inner at main box, comprises brake band, centrifugal-block, centrifugal-block joint pin and interior axle; Between centrifugal-block and the centrifugal-block joint pin being threaded, in the hole of centrifugal-block joint pin intercalation on interior axle, sliding shoe surface inserting brake band; Main driving wheel be connected axle and connect by key; The main driving wheel that gravity drives in the transmission system rotates, and then axle rotates in driving, centrifugal-block is subjected to centrifugal action that cabinet wall is produced normal pressure in interior axle rotation process, and then generation force of sliding friction, when rotating speed reaches certain particular value, the driving moment dynamic equilibrium that moment of friction is transmitted with the transmission system, thus realize survivor's uniform descent.
2. mechanical descent control device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the component parts of mechanical descent control device has bonnet, main box, No. one, guide wheel, end face pillar, main driving wheel, main shaft, No. two, guide wheel, eccentric movable block, protecgulum, bearing, centrifugal-block, centrifugal-block connector, brake band, steel wire rope; Wherein, No. two, movable block, No. one, guide wheel and guide wheel are installed on the main box by the end face pillar, steel wire rope is walked around main driving wheel after walking around No. two, No. one, guide wheel and guide wheel again, main driving wheel be connected axle and connect by key, thereby transmission system and brakes are coupled together;
Brake band is stapled on the centrifugal-block, centrifugal-block is installed on the interior axle by the centrifugal-block connector, centrifugal-block and centrifugal-block connector are interference fit, and centrifugal-block connector and interior axle are matched in clearance, thereby can realize the centrifugal motion of centrifugal-block and centrifugal-block connector when interior axle rotates; Interior shaft assembly is fixed in the main box by bearing, and the position of fore bearing fixes by protecgulum, and the position of rear bearing fixes by bonnet.
3. a kind of mechanical descent control device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: thus described bonnet passes the place that bolt hole on the bonnet is installed to whole mechanical descent control device certain needs by bolt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110185664 CN102294084B (en) | 2011-07-04 | 2011-07-04 | Mechanical descent control device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110185664 CN102294084B (en) | 2011-07-04 | 2011-07-04 | Mechanical descent control device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102294084A CN102294084A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
| CN102294084B true CN102294084B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 201110185664 Expired - Fee Related CN102294084B (en) | 2011-07-04 | 2011-07-04 | Mechanical descent control device |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103691073A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-04-02 | 金来兴 | Centrifugal speed reducing device |
| CN103768731B (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of high-rise building escape apparatus |
| CN104941080A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-09-30 | 大连大学 | High-altitude descent control device |
| CN114408695B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-07-14 | 上海市建筑科学研究院科技发展有限公司 | Manual uniform descending speed limiting mechanism for construction lifter |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3946989A (en) * | 1972-05-22 | 1976-03-30 | Masao Tsuda | Slow descender including fluid and mechanical braking devices |
| CN2721137Y (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-31 | 路德瑞 | Descenting apparatus for lifesaving |
| CN201775880U (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2011-03-30 | 东莞市智通救生设备有限公司 | High-sensitivity life-saving descent control device |
-
2011
- 2011-07-04 CN CN 201110185664 patent/CN102294084B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3946989A (en) * | 1972-05-22 | 1976-03-30 | Masao Tsuda | Slow descender including fluid and mechanical braking devices |
| CN2721137Y (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2005-08-31 | 路德瑞 | Descenting apparatus for lifesaving |
| CN201775880U (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2011-03-30 | 东莞市智通救生设备有限公司 | High-sensitivity life-saving descent control device |
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| CN102294084A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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