CN102290828A - Cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and control method - Google Patents
Cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102290828A CN102290828A CN2011102316310A CN201110231631A CN102290828A CN 102290828 A CN102290828 A CN 102290828A CN 2011102316310 A CN2011102316310 A CN 2011102316310A CN 201110231631 A CN201110231631 A CN 201110231631A CN 102290828 A CN102290828 A CN 102290828A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and a control method. The cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has the advantages of high voltage level, high power level, high power quality and the like, and can realize direct high voltage grid connection without any transformer to save cost and an occupied area. The inverter comprises a photovoltaic array and a plurality of cascaded unit bodies. The photovoltaic array comprises a plurality of photovoltaic units of which each is connected with the input side of a corresponding unit body. Each unit body is a single-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter which comprises a DC bus capacitor and an H bridge inverter circuit, wherein the DC bus capacitor is connected in parallel to the input end of the single-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; and the H bridge inverter circuit is connected in parallel with the DC bus capacitor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter and control method thereof.
Background technology
Solar energy is inexhaustible regenerative resource, has cleaning, safety, advantage such as extensive.See that theoretically if the energy that solar energy is sent to the earth all is converted into electric energy, then Mei Nian energy output is equivalent at present 40 times of energy consumption in the world.Along with the reduction of photovoltaic generation cost and being in an emergency of fossil energy, the high-power photovoltaic synchronization generating selection that is inevitable.
Current, MW level parallel network power generation is normally boosted by a common transformer by the photovoltaic combining inverter of several kW levels, and is unified again and receive high-voltage fence.But along with the raising of power grade, the switching tube operating frequency must descend, and causes the quality of power supply to descend; And, boost by transformer and to be incorporated into the power networks, can cause a lot of problems, big, heavy as transformer cost height, volume, reduce system effectiveness, have problems such as D.C. magnetic biasing and magnetizing inrush current.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to solve the contradiction between the power system capacity and the quality of power supply in the prior art scheme, solves the problem that step-up transformer brings, and a kind of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter is provided.Have advantages such as electric pressure height, power grade is big, the quality of power supply is good, directly high pressure is incorporated into the power networks, and does not need transformer, provides cost savings and floor space.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of control method of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that above-mentioned primary and foremost purpose adopts is: this cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter comprises the cell cube of photovoltaic array and several cascades; Described photovoltaic array comprises several photovoltaic cells, and each photovoltaic cells all is connected with the input side of a cell cube; Each cell cube all is the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters of single stage type.
The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of described single stage type comprises dc-link capacitance and H bridge inverter circuit; Dc-link capacitance is connected in parallel on the input of the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of single stage type; The H bridge inverter circuit is in parallel with dc-link capacitance.
The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of described single stage type also comprises the by-pass switch that is connected in parallel on H bridge inverter circuit output.
Described photovoltaic cells is connected into several battery strings earlier by several same photovoltaic battery panel, is formed in parallel by some battery strings again.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that above-mentioned another purpose adopts is: the control method of this cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: during startup, control each photovoltaic cells and be operated in same voltage; Detect the terminal voltage U of each photovoltaic cells
PVkWith output current I
PVk(k=a
1..., a
nb
1..., b
nc
1..., c
n), obtain the output gross power P of all photovoltaic cells
PV is totalAnd terminal voltage mean value
Adopt the disturbance observation that photovoltaic cells is carried out maximal power tracing control, that is: by applying disturbance Δ U for the photovoltaic array quiescent potential, write down the power output after the disturbance simultaneously, if power output increases, then keep former direction to continue disturbance, otherwise disturbance in the other direction finally makes photovoltaic array be operated near the maximum power point, obtains its maximum power point voltage U
MmpIn the maximal power tracing process, the gross power P that sends according to all photovoltaic cells
PV is total, maximal power tracing is carried out in each photovoltaic cells unification, the reference work voltage of each photovoltaic cells is consistent all the time;
Step 2: detection of grid phase voltage u
a, u
bAnd u
c, adopt PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE to obtain the phase theta of line voltage vector; Detect the phase current i of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter output
a, i
bAnd i
c, then, with the d-q coordinate system of line voltage vector synchronization rotation under, carry out the abc-dq conversion, regulate the active power that is incorporated into the power networks by the d shaft current, regulate the power factor that is incorporated into the power networks by the q shaft current;
Step 3: adopt two closed-loop controls, promptly outer shroud PI1 controls the terminal voltage U of each photovoltaic cells
PVk, the output current i of interior ring control inverter
a, i
bAnd i
cBy regulating grid-connected current real component i
d, make photovoltaic cells be operated in maximum power point voltage U
MmpBy the real component i of closed loop PI2 to grid-connected current
dCarry out closed-loop control, closed loop PI2 is output as
In order to realize that unity power factor is incorporated into the power networks, establish reactive component of current reference value
By closed loop PI3, to the idle component i of grid-connected current
qCarry out closed-loop control, closed loop PI3 is output as
Step 4: because the power output of each photovoltaic cells can not be in full accord, for this reason, take following measure: the terminal voltage to each photovoltaic cells compensates closed-loop control respectively, is about to U
PVkWith
Relatively, then relative error
Send into closed loop PI4, the output valve of closed loop PI4 is as every grade of cell cube output voltage d axle compensation rate
And establish q axle compensation rate
Integrating step 3 obtains again
With
Obtain the d axle component reference value of each cell cube output voltage
And q axle component reference value
Step 5: to the d axle component reference value of each cell cube output voltage
And q axle component reference value
Carry out the dq-abc conversion, obtain each cell cube output voltage reference value
Adopt phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM modulator approach, obtain the pwm switching signal of each cell cube H bridge inverter circuit, that is: for the same cell cube that is in series, each unit adopts respectively
As modulating wave, modulate respectively with n triangular wave, each triangular carrier has identical frequency and amplitude, but phase place differs fixing angle successively, certain angle thereby the SPWM pulse that makes the output of each unit is staggered is (as π/n), equivalent switching frequency increases greatly, and the waveform of the final output of inverter was the staircase waveform of level more than after the result superposeed.
Step 6: when certain cell cube of a certain phase or connected photovoltaic cells break down, by this cell cube of by-pass switch bypass and other two-phases cell cube at the same level, up to trouble shooting; After certain cell cube is by bypass, by improving modulation ratio, improve remaining element body output voltage, make the cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter export normal electric pressure.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: power grade is big, has overcome the restriction of power electronic device load-bearing capacity; Directly high pressure is incorporated into the power networks, and has omitted transformer, has reduced cost, has saved the space, has improved efficient; Adopt phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM control, have the advantage of perfect harmony frequency converter, quality of power supply height; Adopt the cell cube Bypass Control, improved the fail safe and the stability of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of cell cube;
Fig. 3 is the control principle figure of system.
1. photovoltaic arrays among the figure, 2. cell cube, 3.H bridge inverter circuit, 4. by-pass switch.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with enforcement and accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed description, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Inverter of the present invention adopts structure as shown in Figure 1, comprises the cell cube 2 of photovoltaic array 1 and several cascades, and photovoltaic array 1 comprises several photovoltaic cells, and each photovoltaic cells all is connected with the input side of a cell cube 2.
Described each photovoltaic cells all is to be connected into some battery strings earlier by several same photovoltaic battery panel, more some battery strings is formed in parallel; The installation environment of each photovoltaic cells is as far as possible consistent, and is identical with characteristics such as the electric pressure of each photovoltaic cells of guaranteeing photovoltaic array and power grades.
As shown in Figure 2, each cell cube all is the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters of single stage type, comprises dc-link capacitance C, H bridge inverter circuit 3 and by-pass switch 4; Dc-link capacitance C is connected in parallel on the input of the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of single stage type; H bridge inverter circuit 3 is in parallel with dc-link capacitance C; By-pass switch 4 is connected in parallel on the output of H bridge inverter circuit 3, is used to be implemented in the Bypass Control under the improper situation.Realize maximal power tracing control and parallel network reverse control by H bridge inverter circuit 3.Cell cube adopts phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM control, by heap wave technology (the heap wave technology is the cell cube cascade), realizes the high pressure output of many level, and directly high pressure is incorporated into the power networks.
In the control method of inverter of the present invention, each cell cube is carried out maximal power tracing control and parallel network reverse control to connected photovoltaic cells, adopts phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM modulator approach, by the heap wave technology, realizes the high pressure output of many level; Cell cube at the same level to improper cell cube and other two-phases is taked the bypass measure, has improved the stability and the reliability of system's operation.As shown in Figure 3, the control method of the present invention's employing specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: during startup, control each photovoltaic cells and be operated in same voltage; Detect the terminal voltage U of each photovoltaic cells
PVkWith output current I
PVk(k=a
1..., a
nb
1..., b
nc
1..., c
n), obtain the output gross power P of all photovoltaic cells
PV is totalAnd terminal voltage mean value
Adopt the disturbance observation that photovoltaic cells is carried out maximal power tracing control, that is: by applying disturbance Δ U for the photovoltaic array quiescent potential, write down the power output after the disturbance simultaneously, if power output increases, then keep former direction to continue disturbance, otherwise disturbance in the other direction finally makes photovoltaic array be operated near the maximum power point, obtains its maximum power point voltage U
MmpIn the maximal power tracing process, the gross power P that sends according to all photovoltaic cells
PV is total, maximal power tracing is carried out in each photovoltaic cells unification, the reference work voltage of each photovoltaic cells is consistent all the time.
Step 2: detection of grid phase voltage u
a, u
bAnd u
c, adopt software phase-lock loop technology (SPLL is this area PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE commonly used), obtain the phase theta of line voltage vector.Detect the phase current i of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter output
a, i
bAnd i
c, then, with the d-q coordinate system of line voltage vector synchronization rotation under, carry out the abc-dq conversion, regulate the active power that is incorporated into the power networks by the d shaft current, regulate the power factor that is incorporated into the power networks by the q shaft current.
Step 3: adopt two closed-loop controls, promptly outer shroud PI1 controls the terminal voltage U of each photovoltaic cells
PVk, the output current i of interior ring control inverter
a, i
bAnd i
cBy regulating grid-connected current real component i
d, make photovoltaic cells be operated in maximum power point voltage U
MmpBy the real component i of closed loop PI2 to grid-connected current
dCarry out closed-loop control, PI2 is output as
In order to realize that unity power factor is incorporated into the power networks, establish reactive component of current reference value
By closed loop PI3, to grid-connected current idle component i
qCarry out closed-loop control, it is output as
Step 4: because the power output of each photovoltaic cells can not be in full accord, for this reason, take following measure: the terminal voltage to each photovoltaic cells compensates closed-loop control respectively, is about to U
PVkWith
Relatively, then relative error
Send into closed loop PI4, the output valve of closed loop PI4 is as every grade of cell cube 2 output voltage d axle compensation rates
And given q axle compensation rate
Integrating step 3 obtains again
With
The d axle component reference value of the system that obtains cell cube 2 output voltages at different levels
And q axle component reference value
Step 5: to the d axle component reference value of system's cell cube 2 output voltages at different levels
And q axle component reference value
Carry out the dq-abc conversion, obtain each cell cube 2 output voltage reference value
(k=a
1..., a
nb
1..., b
nc
1..., c
n), adopt phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM modulator approach, obtain the pwm switching signal of each cell cube H bridge 3.The described phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM modulator approach of this step is specially: for the same cell cube that is in series, each unit adopts respectively
(k=a
1..., a
nb
1..., b
nc
1..., c
n) as modulating wave, modulate respectively with n triangular carrier, each triangular carrier has identical frequency and amplitude, but phase place differs fixing angle successively, certain angle thereby the SPWM pulse that makes each unit output is staggered, equivalent switching frequency increases greatly, and the superpose waveform of the final output of back current transformer of result is the staircase waveform of level more than, selects suitable phase shift angle (as π/n) harmonic component in output voltage is significantly reduced.
Step 6: when certain cell cube 2 of a certain phase or connected photovoltaic cells break down, by this cell cube 2 of by-pass switch 4 bypasses and other two-phases cell cube 2 at the same level, up to trouble shooting.In order to guarantee that system takes the bypass measure later on still can operate as normal, cell cube 2 voltage fan-out capabilities and modulation ratio all will leave enough allowances; After certain one-level cell cube 2 is by bypass, by improving modulation ratio, improve cell cube 2 output voltages, make the cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter export normal electric pressure.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other are any not to deviate from modification, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitute, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter is characterized in that, comprises the cell cube of photovoltaic array and several cascades; Described photovoltaic array comprises several photovoltaic cells, and each photovoltaic cells all is connected with the input side of a cell cube; Each cell cube all is the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters of single stage type.
2. cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of described single stage type comprises dc-link capacitance and H bridge inverter circuit; Dc-link capacitance is connected in parallel on the input of the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of single stage type; The H bridge inverter circuit is in parallel with dc-link capacitance.
3. cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of described single stage type also comprises the by-pass switch that is connected in parallel on H bridge inverter circuit output.
4. cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described each photovoltaic cells is connected into some battery strings earlier by several same photovoltaic battery panel, more some battery strings is formed in parallel.
5. the control method as cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter as described in the claim 3 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: during startup, control each photovoltaic cells and be operated in same voltage; Detect the terminal voltage U of each photovoltaic cells
PVkWith output current I
PVk, k=a
1..., a
nb
1..., b
nc
1..., c
n, obtain the output gross power P of all photovoltaic cells
PV is totalAnd terminal voltage mean value
Photovoltaic cells is carried out maximal power tracing control, obtain photovoltaic cells maximum power point voltage U
Mmp
Step 2: detection of grid phase voltage u
a, u
bAnd u
c, adopt PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE to obtain the phase theta of line voltage vector; Detect the phase current i of cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter output
a, i
bAnd i
c, then, with the d-q coordinate system of line voltage vector synchronization rotation under, carry out the abc-dq conversion, regulate the active power that is incorporated into the power networks by the d shaft current, regulate the power factor that is incorporated into the power networks by the q shaft current;
Step 3: adopt two closed-loop controls: promptly outer shroud PI1 controls the terminal voltage U of each photovoltaic cells
PVk, the output current i of interior ring control inverter
a, i
bAnd i
cBy regulating grid-connected current real component i
d, make photovoltaic cells be operated in maximum power point voltage U
MmpBy the real component i of closed loop PI2 to grid-connected current
dCarry out closed-loop control, closed loop PI2 is output as
In order to realize that unity power factor is incorporated into the power networks, establish reactive component of current reference value
By closed loop PI3, to grid-connected current idle component i
qCarry out closed-loop control, closed loop PI3 is output as
Step 4:, for this reason, the terminal voltage of each photovoltaic cells is compensated closed-loop control respectively, that is: with U because the power output of each photovoltaic cells can not be in full accord
PVkWith
Relatively, then relative error
Send into closed loop PI4, the output valve of closed loop PI4 is as every grade of cell cube output voltage d axle compensation rate
And establish q axle compensation rate
Integrating step 3 obtains again
With
Obtain the d axle component reference value of each cell cube output voltage
And q axle component reference value
Step 5: to the d axle component reference value of each cell cube output voltage
And q axle component reference value
Carry out the dq-abc conversion, obtain each cell cube output voltage reference value
Adopt phase-shifting carrier wave SPWM modulator approach, obtain the pwm switching signal of each cell cube H bridge inverter circuit, that is: for the same cell cube that is in series, each unit adopts respectively
K=a
1..., a
nb
1..., b
nc
1..., c
nAs modulating wave, modulate respectively with n triangular wave, each triangular carrier has identical frequency and amplitude, but phase place differs fixing angle successively, certain angle thereby the SPWM pulse that makes each unit output is staggered, equivalent switching frequency increases greatly, and the waveform of the final output of inverter was the staircase waveform of level more than after the result superposeed;
Step 6: when certain cell cube of a certain phase or connected photovoltaic cells break down, by this cell cube of by-pass switch bypass and other two-phases cell cube at the same level, up to trouble shooting; After certain cell cube is by bypass, by improving modulation ratio, improve remaining element body output voltage, make the cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter export normal electric pressure.
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| CN102638116A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-08-15 | 北京交通大学 | Multi-phase permanent-magnet high-voltage wind driven generator and system thereof |
| CN102684543A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2012-09-19 | 南京博时上辉电子科技有限公司 | 350W small power modular H inverter bridge cascade stage solar inverter system |
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