CN102289550B - Dynamic estimation method for open-air and open particle source wind erosion release factor - Google Patents
Dynamic estimation method for open-air and open particle source wind erosion release factor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102289550B CN102289550B CN 201110243102 CN201110243102A CN102289550B CN 102289550 B CN102289550 B CN 102289550B CN 201110243102 CN201110243102 CN 201110243102 CN 201110243102 A CN201110243102 A CN 201110243102A CN 102289550 B CN102289550 B CN 102289550B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic estimation method for an open-air and open particle source wind erosion release factor, which belongs to the atmospheric particulate matter control technical field of the environmental science and engineering technical field, wherein an aerodynamic computing method is adopted; and by computing flow field distribution when wind blows around a particle source and by being combined with an experimental verification, the action height of a friction wind velocity is confirmed, the friction wind velocity value in each grid subregion on the surface of the particle source is obtained, the obtaining problem of the friction wind velocity value is solved and then the release factor can be obtained through computation. Compared with a traditional source strength estimation method, i.e. the environmental protection agency (EPA) pattern, which is provided by the EPA and is based on experimental measurement, the error delta of the invention is kept between 6.0 percent and 12.5 percent and the invention has higher precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic estimation method for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor, belong to the Atmospheric particulates control technology field of Environmental Science and Engineering technical field.
Background technology
For a long time, quantification problem for Atmospheric particulates release strength in the environmental area is experts and scholars' bone of contention always, especially developing in depth and breadth along with the environment preventing and controlling, source of release is pretended as having the underlying parameter of practice significance, it is the foundation of all kinds of prophylactico-therapeutic measures comparative evaluations, also be research emphasis and the center in the atmosphere prevention and control field, its calculating and determine to receive much concern.
The source resolution result of a plurality of urban atmosphere particles of carrying out successively the nineties in last century shows: open sources of particles has become one of main source of Atmospheric particulates.In the northern China city, the share rate of open-source has reached 40%～80%, has become many city environmental qualities restraining factors up to standard.The researcher with various owing to wind-force or mechanical force are defined as open sources of particles or are called wind erosion type source class in random, the amorphous source of particulate that exposed material surface causes, it is a kind of multiple source, it is uncertain to have source strength, discharges the characteristics such as discontinuous.
The airborne dust behavior of particle, be one by air stream and particle interactional a kind of complicated dynamic process on the interface of many factor affecting, the a lot of microscopic mechanism problem major parts that wherein relate to are unknown or hypothesis and guess, so in the open source strength estimation of particle, still rest on the level of rough experimental formula at present.Just because the airborne dust releasing mechanism is lacked deep research; cause in the reality estimation for frictional resistance wind speed, water percentage; particle starting threshold value, choosing of the important motivity mathematic(al) parameters such as roughness of ground surface, shear stress is very chaotic, and the problem of source strength estimation never is resolved.
On mechanism, the essence of particle open-source airborne dust is the mass transfer problem of particle under the natural wind effect.And the critical conditions of particle setting in motion has basic meaning for the research of this problem, key problem wherein is exactly definite problem of frictional resistance wind speed and particle starting threshold value wind speed: cross the frictional resistance wind speed of particle surface generation when wind less than particle starting threshold value wind speed, show that particle is not mobile, dirt source release strength is zero; Otherwise, when the frictional resistance wind speed of particle surface greater than it self starting threshold value wind speed, it is mobile to illustrate that then particle begins, dirt source releasing factor is non-vanishing.So the frictional resistance wind speed acts on equivalent action parameter on the particle as wind-force, be to judge that the particle micelle begins mobile key foundation, be the analysing particulates thing discharges and has or not and source strength discharges strong and weak important parameter.The classic method of determining the frictional resistance wind speed is wind tunnel test, American National Environmental Protection Agency utilizes wind tunnel test to provide conical and works as the ratio at high and the end greater than 0.2 with two kinds of stockpiles of ellipse of flat-top, come flow path direction to be respectively 0 °, the computing method of frictional resistance wind speed in 20 ° and the 40 ° of situations.In actual stockyard, definite problem of the frictional resistance wind speed under various any sources of particles shapes and the changeable wind-force effect can't solve always.
2005,2007 years, Badr and Harion adopted the method for computational fluid dynamics, has determined the lip-deep zero dimension wind speed of sources of particles (u in the industrial stockyard
s/ u
r), afterwards again in conjunction with inlet velocity, determine the frictional resistance wind speed on sources of particles surface, adopt at last the EPA mode decision particle release factor.Up to the present, also there is not directly to determine the bibliographical information of frictional resistance wind speed.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of dynamic estimation method for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor, it adopts the aerodynamics computing method, cross sources of particles Flow Field Distribution on every side by calculating wind, in conjunction with experimental verification, determined the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, and then obtain frictional resistance air speed value in each grid subregion of sources of particles surface, solved the problem of obtaining of frictional resistance air speed value, and then can calculate releasing factor, also can differentiate simultaneously each zone, sources of particles surface influence degree of being eroded, for the estimation of open source strength provides new model.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of dynamic estimation method for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor may further comprise the steps:
A chooses the random shape and size source, according to 1: 1 ratio, sets up the sources of particles physical model; Necessary entrance and limit wall condition are determined to calculate in the designing and calculating territory;
B adopts non-homogeneous tetrahedral grid that the computational fields that designs among the step a is implemented grid and divides, and grid is divided and followed " nearly wall is encrypted " principle, namely adopts accurate grid near the zone of sources of particles physical model, adopts sparse grid at a distance; And Meshing Method carried out susceptibility checking, until Meshing Method during on the susceptibility impact≤5% of result of calculation, can assert that finishing grid divides;
C selects stable state k-ε two equation turbulent flow mathematical models, is write governing equation as general conservation equation, takes Finite Volume Method for Air that equation is separated into difference equation and adopts the Second-order Up-wind form to find the solution;
D continues to adopt the semi implicit algorithm of pressure-speed coupling to find the solution, and the error of calculation is controlled at δ≤10
-3In, obtain the Flow Field Calculation result with this;
E determines the wind speed average of the overhead different plumb height sections of sources of particles according to the Flow Field Calculation result that steps d obtains, and then adopts power exponent form Z=aU
mIt is carried out curve fitting, wherein Z is apart from the sources of particles surface elevation, U is wind speed average corresponding under each height, the curve horizontal ordinate is the wind speed average, the curve ordinate is vertical height, the intercept of the curve of match on ordinate is the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, extracts apart from waiting wording depth place air speed value can obtain the frictional resistance wind speed profile and sources of particles is subjected to wind erosion to affect situation in the sources of particles surface;
The frictional resistance wind speed profile that f obtains step e incorporates several different velocity ranges into take particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed as benchmark, adds up corresponding subregion area under each velocity range section;
G is according to eroded dust quantity and gathering of each surface of formula (1) statistics sources of particles;
In the formula: EF is annual releasing factor (kg/); M is nothing so the coefficient of characterizing particles size; N is annual disturbance number of times;
Be particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); u
*Be frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); M is frictional resistance wind speed u
*Greater than particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Corresponding grid surface product; S
IjCorresponding to i
ThJ under the disturbance
ThThe cellar area of node.
Among the step a, described computational fields all is set to 10 times of the own size of sources of particles along the length of a length and width Senior Three direction, the entrance section of computational fields is set to the speed entrance section (comprising the wind direction setting) of wind speed power function form, Outlet Section is set to the free discharge section, and section all is set to symmetrical border section before and after reaching up and down.
Above-mentioned dynamic estimation method is based among the step b that grid node unit subregion wind erosion releasing factor is calculated and to realizing after all the node unit algebraically summations of sources of particles surface.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
1, the computing method of the complete suitable open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor of one cover are provided, have been called the dynamics estimation mode.
2, adopt kinetics model to find the solution Flow Field Distribution around the sources of particles, obtained the roughness on sources of particles surface, and extracted height with this as the frictional resistance air speed value, efficiently solve the erode problem of obtaining of surperficial frictional resistance air speed value of sources of particles.
3, the dynamics estimation mode has been broken through in the existing EPA pattern restriction of specific wind direction and sources of particles being stored up shape, has more general, broader applicability, for the estimation of studying any incoming flow and difformity sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor provides new way.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is sources of particles computational physics model;
Fig. 2 is the division methods synoptic diagram of computing grid;
Fig. 3 is definite method synoptic diagram of sources of particles surface frictional resistance wind speed wording depth;
Fig. 4 is sources of particles surface frictional resistance wind speed profile;
Fig. 5 is wind erosion area statistical summaries;
Fig. 6 is the open-air open-source of certain coal port of exportation stockyard planimetric map;
Fig. 7 is that open-air open-source stockyard computing grid is divided synoptic diagram;
Fig. 8 is surface, open-air open-source stockyard frictional resistance wind speed profile;
Fig. 9 is the comparison that kinetics model and EPA mode computation play the dust quantity result.
Embodiment
Choose sources of particles, set up open-air open sources of particles physical model, and design suitable computational fields, determine to calculate necessary entrance and limit wall condition, specifically as shown in Figure 1.
Adopt non-homogeneous tetrahedral grid that grid is implemented in computational fields space around the sources of particles and divide, follow " nearly wall is encrypted " principle, namely adopt accurate grid near the zone of sources of particles physical model, adopt sparse grid at a distance, as shown in Figure 2.Afterwards Meshing Method is carried out susceptibility checking, until Meshing Method on the impact of result of calculation be controlled at≤5% till.
Select stable state k-ε two equation turbulent flow mathematical models, write governing equation as general conservation equation, take Finite Volume Method for Air that equation is separated into difference equation and adopt the Second-order Up-wind form to find the solution, Flow Field Calculation adopts semi implicit algorithm and limit error δ≤10 of pressure-speed coupling
-3
Flow field result according to above-mentioned steps calculates arranges a plane taken on vertical sources of particles surface every 2m (namely apart from stockpile surface 2m, 4m, 6m and 8m place), adds up the wind speed average on each plane, adopts power exponent form Z=aU
m(wherein Z is apart from the sources of particles surface elevation, and U is mean wind speed corresponding under each height) carries out curve fitting to it, and wherein horizontal ordinate is wind speed, and ordinate is vertical height.The intercept of the curve of match on ordinate is the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, specifically determines method, as shown in Figure 3.
The wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed is extracted height as sources of particles surface frictional resistance wind speed, can obtain the frictional resistance wind speed profile, see Fig. 4.
With the frictional resistance wind speed profile with particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Be benchmark, incorporate several different velocity ranges into, add up corresponding subregion area under each velocity range section.As with particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
(the threshold value frictional resistance wind speed of coal dust source of release) is example, and the statistics of the shared sources of particles percentage of surface area of area is seen Fig. 5 under each velocity range section.
According to eroded dust quantity and gathering of each surface of formula (1) statistics sources of particles, see Table 1.
In the formula: EF is annual releasing factor (kg/); M is nothing so the coefficient of characterizing particles size; N is annual disturbance number of times;
Be particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); u
*Be frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); M is frictional resistance wind speed u
*Greater than particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Corresponding grid surface product; S
IjCorresponding to i
ThJ under the disturbance
ThThe cellar area of node.
Table 1
It is analysis example that the below selects the open-air coal dust stockyard in the large-scale professional Coal Transport harbor district in North China, and dynamic estimation method of the present invention is described further.
The effective floor area 227 in this stockyard, 304m
2, formed by 16 stockpiles, be horizontal 4 row, vertical 4 row be evenly arranged.The horizontal and vertical spacing of stockpile is respectively 10m and 20m.The scale ratio that stockyard stockpile model is selected respectively equal-volume and high and the end all greater than circular cone pinnacle type and two kinds of typical stockpiles of oval flat-head type of 0.2, store up highly by 17m, by the perfect condition setting of the compacting of buying securities with all one's capital as shown in Figure 6 by each stockpile.And be positive 16 limit bodies with computational domain setting, height 500m, bottom surface radius 5,000m.Take x axle positive dirction as 0 ° of wind direction benchmark, along clockwise direction, come the angle of flow path direction and 0 ° of reference direction to be respectively 22.5 °, 45 °, 67.5 ° and 90 ° and be the example explanation.
The Fluid Control Equation of incoming flow air effect on the stockpile surface is the N-S equation of turbulent flow, and turbulence model adopts the sealing of standard k-ε pattern.Write governing equation as general conservation equation, with limited control volumetric method equation is separated into finite difference equation, wherein convective term and diffusion term all adopt the Second-order Up-wind difference scheme discrete, half implicit expression SIMPLE algorithm of pressure-speed coupling is still adopted in the calculating in flow field, and the error of calculation is controlled at δ≤10
-3In, as convergence criterion.
Computational fields adopts the heterogeneous texture grid to divide, and the upper space of being close to the surface, stockyard is carried out local mesh reflnement, with the accuracy that guarantees that stockpile surface frictional resistance wind speed calculates, as shown in Figure 7.
With differing heights place, the vertical stockyard of graphing method match stockpile surface speed average, obtaining frictional resistance wind speed wording depth is 0.281m, extracts overhead equal altitudes place, vertical stockyard frictional resistance air speed value, and it distributes as shown in Figure 8.Different wind directions are flowed down surface, stockyard frictional resistance wind speed with coal dust threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
For according to being divided into 1～6 velocity range section, add up each velocity shooting and contain the stockpile surface area and calculate the dust quantity of having eroded, and gather, as shown in table 2.
Table 2
In addition in order to estimate dynamic estimation method gained wind erosion releasing factor result's of the present invention accuracy, it is compared with the source strength evaluation method based on measuring (EPA pattern) acquired results that existing American National Environmental Protection Agency provides, guarantee to estimate the term harmonizations such as object, comparative result as shown in Figure 9.As can be seen from Figure 9 coming flow path direction is 0 °, and in 20 ° and the 40 ° of situations, error delta remains on 6.0%～12.5%, has very high precision.
Certainly, above-mentioned explanation is not to be limitation of the present invention, and the present invention also is not limited in above-mentioned giving an example, and the variation that those skilled in the art make in essential scope of the present invention, remodeling, interpolation or replacement also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. dynamic estimation method that is used for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A chooses the random shape and size source, according to 1: 1 ratio, sets up the sources of particles physical model; Necessary entrance and limit wall condition are determined to calculate in the designing and calculating territory;
B adopts non-homogeneous tetrahedral grid that the computational fields that designs among the step a is implemented grid and divides, and grid is divided and followed " nearly wall is encrypted " principle, namely adopts accurate grid near the zone of sources of particles physical model, adopts sparse grid at a distance; And Meshing Method carried out susceptibility checking, until Meshing Method during on the susceptibility impact≤5% of result of calculation, can assert that finishing grid divides;
C selects stable state k-ε two equation turbulent flow mathematical models, is write governing equation as general conservation equation, takes Finite Volume Method for Air that equation is separated into difference equation and adopts the Second-order Up-wind form to find the solution;
D continues to adopt the semi implicit algorithm of pressure-speed coupling to find the solution, and the error of calculation is controlled at δ≤10
-3In, obtain the Flow Field Calculation result with this;
E determines the wind speed average of the overhead different plumb height sections of sources of particles according to the Flow Field Calculation result that steps d obtains, and then adopts power exponent form Z=aU
mIt is carried out curve fitting, wherein Z is apart from the sources of particles surface elevation, U is wind speed average corresponding under each height, a and m are fitting coefficient, the curve horizontal ordinate is the wind speed average, and the curve ordinate is vertical height, the intercept of the curve of match on ordinate, be the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, extraction waits wording depth place air speed value can obtain the frictional resistance wind speed profile apart from the sources of particles surface and sources of particles is subjected to wind erosion to affect situation;
The frictional resistance wind speed profile that f obtains step e incorporates several different velocity ranges into take particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed as benchmark, adds up corresponding subregion area under each velocity range section;
G is according to eroded dust quantity and gathering of each surface of formula (1) statistics sources of particles;
In the formula: EF is annual releasing factor (kg/); M is the non-dimensional coefficient of characterizing particles size; N is annual disturbance number of times;
Be particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); u
*Be frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); M is frictional resistance wind speed u
*Greater than particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Corresponding grid surface product; S
IjCorresponding to i
ThJ under the disturbance
ThThe cellar area of node.
2. a kind of dynamic estimation method for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among the step a, described computational fields all is set to 10 times of the own size of sources of particles along the length of a length and width Senior Three direction, the entrance section of computational fields is set to the speed entrance section of wind speed power function form, Outlet Section is set to the free discharge section, and section all is set to symmetrical border section before and after reaching up and down.
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| CN103148891B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2015-02-11 | 山东科技大学 | Method for monitoring windproof effect of windproof net in coal field area |
| CN103162931B (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2015-02-11 | 山东科技大学 | Wind tunnel experiment method of pulverized coal piling-up dusting rules |
| CN104915544B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-10-13 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of evaluation method of the outdoor bulk storage yard dust total volume in harbour |
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