CN102289550A - Dynamic estimation method for open-air and open particle source wind erosion release factor - Google Patents
Dynamic estimation method for open-air and open particle source wind erosion release factor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102289550A CN102289550A CN2011102431022A CN201110243102A CN102289550A CN 102289550 A CN102289550 A CN 102289550A CN 2011102431022 A CN2011102431022 A CN 2011102431022A CN 201110243102 A CN201110243102 A CN 201110243102A CN 102289550 A CN102289550 A CN 102289550A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic estimation method for an open-air and open particle source wind erosion release factor, which belongs to the atmospheric particulate matter control technical field of the environmental science and engineering technical field, wherein an aerodynamic computing method is adopted; and by computing flow field distribution when wind blows around a particle source and by being combined with an experimental verification, the action height of a friction wind velocity is confirmed, the friction wind velocity value in each grid subregion on the surface of the particle source is obtained, the obtaining problem of the friction wind velocity value is solved and then the release factor can be obtained through computation. Compared with a traditional source strength estimation method, i.e. the environmental protection agency (EPA) pattern, which is provided by the EPA and is based on experimental measurement, the error delta of the invention is kept between 6.0 percent and 12.5 percent and the invention has higher precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamics evaluation method that is used for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor, belong to the Atmospheric particulates control technology field of Environmental Science and Engineering technical field.
Background technology
For a long time, quantification problem for Atmospheric particulates release strength in the environmental area is experts and scholars' bone of contention always, especially developing in depth and breadth along with the environment preventing and controlling, source of release is pretended to having the underlying parameter of practice significance, it is the foundation of all kinds of prophylactico-therapeutic measures comparative evaluations, also be research emphasis and the center in the atmosphere prevention and control field, its calculating and determine to receive much concern.
The source resolution result of a plurality of urban atmosphere particles of carrying out successively the nineties in last century shows: open sources of particles has become one of main source of Atmospheric particulates.In the northern China city, the share rate of open-source has reached 40%～80%, has become many city environmental qualities restraining factors up to standard.The researcher with various owing to wind-force or mechanical force are defined as open sources of particles or are called wind erosion type source class in random, the amorphous granular material discharged source that exposed material surface causes, it is a kind of multiple source, it is uncertain to have source strength, discharges characteristics such as discontinuous.
The airborne dust behavior of particle, it is airflow and a particle interactional a kind of complicated dynamic process on the interface by many factor affecting, the a lot of microscopic mechanism problem major parts that wherein relate to are unknown or hypothesis and guess, so in the open source strength estimation of particle, still rest on the level of rough experimental formula at present.Just because the airborne dust releasing mechanism is lacked deep research; cause in the reality estimation for frictional resistance wind speed, water percentage; particle starting threshold value, choosing of important motivity mathematic(al) parameters such as roughness of ground surface, shear stress is very chaotic, and the problem of source strength estimation never is resolved.
On mechanism, the essence of particle open-source airborne dust is the mass transfer problem of particle under the natural wind effect.And the critical conditions of particle setting in motion has basic meaning for the research of this problem, key problem wherein is exactly definite problem of frictional resistance wind speed and particle starting threshold value wind speed: the frictional resistance wind speed of crossing the particle surface generation when wind is less than particle starting threshold value wind speed, show that particle does not move, dirt source release strength is zero; Otherwise, when the frictional resistance wind speed of particle surface greater than it self starting threshold value wind speed, illustrate that then particle begins to move, dirt source releasing factor is non-vanishing.So the frictional resistance wind speed as the equivalent action parameter of wind action on particle, is a key foundation of judging that the particle micelle begins to move, be that the release of analysing particulates thing has or not and source strength discharges strong and weak important parameter.The classic method of determining the frictional resistance wind speed is wind tunnel test, two kinds of stockpiles of ellipse that American National Environmental Protection Agency utilizes wind tunnel test to provide taper shape and band flat-top are worked as the ratio at high and the end greater than 0.2, come flow path direction to be respectively 0 °, the computing method of frictional resistance wind speed under 20 ° and the 40 ° of situations.In actual stockyard, definite problem of the frictional resistance wind speed under various any sources of particles shapes and the changeable wind action can't solve always.
2005,2007 years, Badr and Harion adopted the method for computational fluid dynamics, has determined the lip-deep zero dimension wind speed of sources of particles (u in the industrial stockyard
s/ u
r), afterwards again in conjunction with inlet velocity, determine the frictional resistance wind speed on sources of particles surface, adopt the EPA pattern to determine the particle release factor at last.Up to the present, also there is not directly to determine the bibliographical information of frictional resistance wind speed.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of dynamics evaluation method that is used for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor, it adopts the aerodynamics computing method, cross sources of particles Flow Field Distribution on every side by calculating wind, in conjunction with experimental verification, determined the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, and then obtain frictional resistance air speed value in each grid subregion of sources of particles surface, solved the problem of obtaining of frictional resistance air speed value, and then can calculate releasing factor, also can differentiate each zone, sources of particles surface influence degree of being eroded simultaneously, for the estimation of open source strength provides new pattern.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of dynamics evaluation method that is used for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor may further comprise the steps:
A chooses the arbitrary shape sources of particles, according to 1: 1 ratio, sets up the sources of particles physical model; Necessary inlet and limit wall condition are determined to calculate in the designing and calculating territory;
B adopts non-homogeneous tetrahedral grid that the computational fields that designs among the step a is implemented grid dividing, and grid dividing is followed " nearly wall is encrypted " principle, promptly adopts accurate grid near the zone of sources of particles physical model, adopts sparse grid at a distance; And the grid dividing method carried out susceptibility checking,, can assert and finish grid dividing the susceptibility influence of result of calculation≤5% o'clock until the grid dividing method;
C selects stable state k-ε two equation turbulent flow mathematical models for use, is write governing equation as general conservation equation, takes the finite volume method that equation is separated into difference equation and adopts the second order upstreame scheme to find the solution;
D continues to adopt the semi implicit algorithm of pressure-speed coupling to find the solution, and the error of calculation is controlled at δ≤10
-3In, obtain the Flow Field Calculation result with this;
E determines the wind speed average of the overhead different plumb height sections of sources of particles according to the Flow Field Calculation result that steps d obtains, and adopts power exponent form Z=aU then
mIt is carried out curve fitting, wherein Z is apart from the sources of particles surface elevation, U is a corresponding air speed average under each height, the curve horizontal ordinate is the wind speed average, the curve ordinate is a vertical height, the intercept of the curve of match on ordinate is the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, extracts apart from wording depth place air speed value such as sources of particles surfaces and can obtain the frictional resistance wind speed profile and sources of particles is subjected to wind erosion to influence situation;
F is benchmark with the frictional resistance wind speed profile that step e obtains with particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed, incorporates several different velocity ranges into, adds up pairing subregion area under each velocity range section;
G is according to eroded dust quantity and gathering of each surface of formula (1) statistics sources of particles;
In the formula: EF is annual releasing factor (kg/); M is the nothing so the coefficient of characterizing particles size; N is annual disturbance number of times;
Be particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); u
*Be frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); M is frictional resistance wind speed u
*Greater than particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Pairing grid surface product; S
IjBe corresponding to i
ThJ under the disturbance
ThThe cellar area of node.
Among the step a, described computational fields all is set to 10 times of the own size of sources of particles along the length of a length and width Senior Three direction, the inlet section of computational fields is set to the speed inlet section (comprising the wind direction setting) of wind speed power function form, the outlet section is set to the free discharge section, and section all is set to symmetrical border section before and after reaching up and down.
Above-mentioned dynamics evaluation method is based on that the wind erosion of grid node unit subregion among step b releasing factor is calculated and all node unit algebraically summation backs, sources of particles surface is realized.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
1, the computing method of the complete suitable open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor of one cover are provided, have been called the dynamics estimation mode.
2, adopt kinetics model to find the solution Flow Field Distribution around the sources of particles, obtained the roughness on sources of particles surface, and extracted height as the frictional resistance air speed value, efficiently solve the erode problem of obtaining of surperficial frictional resistance air speed value of sources of particles with this.
3, the dynamics estimation mode has been broken through in the existing EPA pattern restriction of specific wind direction and sources of particles being stored up shape, has more general, broader applicability, for the estimation of studying any incoming flow and difformity sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor provides new way.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is a sources of particles computational physics model;
Fig. 2 is the division methods synoptic diagram of computing grid;
Fig. 3 is definite method synoptic diagram of sources of particles surface frictional resistance wind speed wording depth;
Fig. 4 is a sources of particles surface frictional resistance wind speed profile;
Fig. 5 is a wind erosion area statistical summaries;
Fig. 6 is the open-air open-source of certain a coal port of exportation stockyard planimetric map;
Fig. 7 is that open-air open-source stockyard computing grid is divided synoptic diagram;
Fig. 8 is surface, an open-air open-source stockyard frictional resistance wind speed profile;
Fig. 9 is the comparison that kinetics model and EPA mode computation play the dust quantity result.
Embodiment
Choose sources of particles, set up open-air open sources of particles physical model, and design suitable computational fields, determine to calculate necessary inlet and limit wall condition, specifically as shown in Figure 1.
Adopt non-homogeneous tetrahedral grid that grid dividing is implemented in computational fields space around the sources of particles, follow " nearly wall is encrypted " principle, promptly adopt accurate grid, adopt sparse grid at a distance, as shown in Figure 2 near the zone of sources of particles physical model.Afterwards the grid dividing method is carried out susceptibility checking, until the grid dividing method influence of result of calculation is controlled at≤5% till.
Select stable state k-ε two equation turbulent flow mathematical models for use, write governing equation as general conservation equation, take the finite volume method that equation is separated into difference equation and adopt the second order upstreame scheme to find the solution, Flow Field Calculation adopts the semi implicit algorithm and limit error δ≤10 of pressure-speed coupling
-3
Flow field result according to above-mentioned steps calculates is provided with a plane taken on vertical sources of particles surface every 2m (promptly apart from stockpile surface 2m, 4m, 6m and 8m place), adds up the wind speed average on each plane, adopts power exponent form Z=aU
m(wherein Z is apart from the sources of particles surface elevation, and U is the corresponding down mean wind speed of each height) carries out curve fitting to it, and wherein horizontal ordinate is a wind speed, and ordinate is a vertical height.The intercept of the curve of match on ordinate is the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, specifically determines method, as shown in Figure 3.
The wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed is extracted height as sources of particles surface frictional resistance wind speed, can obtain the frictional resistance wind speed profile, see Fig. 4.
With the frictional resistance wind speed profile with particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Be benchmark, incorporate several different velocity ranges into, add up pairing subregion area under each velocity range section.As with particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
(the threshold value frictional resistance wind speed of coal dust source of release) is example, and the statistics of the shared sources of particles percentage of surface area of area is seen Fig. 5 under each velocity range section.
According to eroded dust quantity and gathering of each surface of formula (1) statistics sources of particles, see Table 1.
In the formula: EF is annual releasing factor (kg/); M is the nothing so the coefficient of characterizing particles size; N is annual disturbance number of times;
Be particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); u
*Be frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); M is frictional resistance wind speed u
*Greater than particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Pairing grid surface product; S
IjBe corresponding to i
ThJ under the disturbance
ThThe cellar area of node.
Table 1
Selecting the open-air coal dust stockyard in the large-scale professional Coal Transport harbor district in North China below for use is analysis example, and dynamics evaluation method of the present invention is described further.
The effective floor area 227 in this stockyard, 304m
2, form by 16 stockpiles, be evenly layout of horizontal 4 rows, vertical 4 row.The horizontal and vertical spacing of stockpile is respectively 10m and 20m.The scale ratio that stockyard stockpile model is selected equal-volume and high and the end respectively for use all greater than circular cone pinnacle type and two kinds of typical stockpiles of oval flat-head type of 0.2, store up highly by 17m, by the perfect condition setting of the compacting of buying securities with all one's capital as shown in Figure 6 by each stockpile.And computational fields is set at positive 16 limit bodies, height 500m, bottom surface radius 5,000m.With x axle positive dirction is 0 ° of wind direction benchmark, along clockwise direction, comes the angle of flow path direction and 0 ° of reference direction to be respectively 22.5 °, 45 °, 67.5 ° and 90 ° and is the example explanation.
The FLOW CONTROL equation of incoming flow air effect on the stockpile surface is the N-S equation of turbulent flow, and turbulence model adopts the sealing of standard k-ε pattern.Write governing equation as general conservation equation, with the Finite control volumetric method equation is separated into finite difference equation, wherein convective term and diffusion term all adopt second order upwind difference form discrete, half implicit expression SIMPLE algorithm of pressure-speed coupling is still adopted in the calculating in flow field, and the error of calculation is controlled at δ≤10
-3In, as convergence criterion.
Computational fields adopts the heterogeneous texture grid dividing, and the upper space of being close to the surface, stockyard is carried out local mesh reflnement, with the accuracy that guarantees that stockpile surface frictional resistance wind speed calculates, as shown in Figure 7.
With differing heights place, the vertical stockyard of graphing method match stockpile surface speed average, obtaining frictional resistance wind speed wording depth is 0.281m, extracts overhead equal altitudes place, vertical stockyard frictional resistance air speed value, and it distributes as shown in Figure 8.Different wind directions are flowed down surface, stockyard frictional resistance wind speed with coal dust threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
For according to being divided into 1～6 velocity range section, add up each velocity shooting and contain the stockpile surface area and calculate the dust quantity of having eroded, and gather, as shown in table 2.
Table 2
In addition in order to estimate dynamics evaluation method gained wind erosion releasing factor result's of the present invention accuracy, it is compared with the source strength evaluation method based on measuring (EPA pattern) gained result that existing American National Environmental Protection Agency provides, guarantee to estimate term harmonizations such as object, comparative result as shown in Figure 9.As can be seen from Figure 9 coming flow path direction is 0 °, and under 20 ° and the 40 ° of situations, error delta remains on 6.0%～12.5%, has very high precision.
Certainly, above-mentioned explanation is not to be limitation of the present invention, and the present invention also is not limited in above-mentioned giving an example, and variation, remodeling, interpolation or replacement that those skilled in the art are made in essential scope of the present invention also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. dynamics evaluation method that is used for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A chooses the arbitrary shape sources of particles, according to 1: 1 ratio, sets up the sources of particles physical model; Necessary inlet and limit wall condition are determined to calculate in the designing and calculating territory;
B adopts non-homogeneous tetrahedral grid that the computational fields that designs among the step a is implemented grid dividing, and grid dividing is followed " nearly wall is encrypted " principle, promptly adopts accurate grid near the zone of sources of particles physical model, adopts sparse grid at a distance; And the grid dividing method carried out susceptibility checking,, can assert and finish grid dividing the susceptibility influence of result of calculation≤5% o'clock until the grid dividing method;
C selects stable state k-ε two equation turbulent flow mathematical models for use, is write governing equation as general conservation equation, takes the finite volume method that equation is separated into difference equation and adopts the second order upstreame scheme to find the solution;
D continues to adopt the semi implicit algorithm of pressure-speed coupling to find the solution, and the error of calculation is controlled at δ≤10
-3In, obtain the Flow Field Calculation result with this;
E determines the wind speed average of the overhead different plumb height sections of sources of particles according to the Flow Field Calculation result that steps d obtains, and adopts power exponent form Z=aU then
mIt is carried out curve fitting, wherein Z is apart from the sources of particles surface elevation, U is a corresponding air speed average under each height, the curve horizontal ordinate is the wind speed average, the curve ordinate is a vertical height, the intercept of the curve of match on ordinate is the wording depth of frictional resistance wind speed, extracts apart from wording depth place air speed value such as sources of particles surfaces and can obtain the frictional resistance wind speed profile and sources of particles is subjected to wind erosion to influence situation;
F is benchmark with the frictional resistance wind speed profile that step e obtains with particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed, incorporates several different velocity ranges into, adds up pairing subregion area under each velocity range section;
G is according to eroded dust quantity and gathering of each surface of formula (1) statistics sources of particles;
In the formula: EF is annual releasing factor (kg/); M is the nothing so the coefficient of characterizing particles size; N is annual disturbance number of times;
Be particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); u
*Be frictional resistance wind speed (m/s); M is frictional resistance wind speed u
*Greater than particle threshold value frictional resistance wind speed
Pairing grid surface product; S
IjBe corresponding to i
ThJ under the disturbance
ThThe cellar area of node.
2. a kind of dynamics evaluation method that is used for open-air open sources of particles wind erosion releasing factor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among the step a, described computational fields all is set to 10 times of the own size of sources of particles along the length of a length and width Senior Three direction, the inlet section of computational fields is set to the speed inlet section of wind speed power function form, the outlet section is set to the free discharge section, and section all is set to symmetrical border section before and after reaching up and down.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103148891A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-06-12 | 山东科技大学 | Method for monitoring windproof effect of windproof net in coal field area |
| CN103162931A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-06-19 | 山东科技大学 | Wind tunnel experiment method of pulverized coal piling-up dusting rules |
| CN104915544A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-16 | 山东科技大学 | Estimation method for total quantity of dust discharge of open bulk cargo storage yard of port |
| CN106202733A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 天津大学 | A kind of stockyard material particles emission quantity control method |
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2011
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103148891A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-06-12 | 山东科技大学 | Method for monitoring windproof effect of windproof net in coal field area |
| CN103148891B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2015-02-11 | 山东科技大学 | Method for monitoring windproof effect of windproof net in coal field area |
| CN103162931A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-06-19 | 山东科技大学 | Wind tunnel experiment method of pulverized coal piling-up dusting rules |
| CN103162931B (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2015-02-11 | 山东科技大学 | Wind tunnel experiment method of pulverized coal piling-up dusting rules |
| CN104915544A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-16 | 山东科技大学 | Estimation method for total quantity of dust discharge of open bulk cargo storage yard of port |
| CN104915544B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-10-13 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of evaluation method of the outdoor bulk storage yard dust total volume in harbour |
| CN106202733A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 天津大学 | A kind of stockyard material particles emission quantity control method |
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