CN102288973A - Multi-meteorological-parameter synchronous measuring method based on spectrum characteristic signals and laser radar - Google Patents

Multi-meteorological-parameter synchronous measuring method based on spectrum characteristic signals and laser radar Download PDF

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CN102288973A
CN102288973A CN2011101782869A CN201110178286A CN102288973A CN 102288973 A CN102288973 A CN 102288973A CN 2011101782869 A CN2011101782869 A CN 2011101782869A CN 201110178286 A CN201110178286 A CN 201110178286A CN 102288973 A CN102288973 A CN 102288973A
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brillouin
rayleigh
echo signal
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CN102288973B (en
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黄珺
马泳
梁琨
李皞
余寅
王盛青
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-meteorological-parameter synchronous measuring method based on spectrum characteristic signals and a laser radar. Various kinds of scattering spectrum characteristic information is extracted from a detected laser echo signal spectrum, further, inversion is carried out on the atmospheric wind field through the frequency deflection in the detection spectrum signals, the detection on the gas density is realized through detecting the Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, the detection on the atmospheric temperature can be realized through detecting the full width at half maximum of the Brillouin scattering spectrum or the Brillouin frequency shift, and the detection on the aerosol concentration, optical thickness and the like is realized through detecting the Mie scattering spectrum energy, so the defect of the single function of the traditional time domain laser radar is solved, and the goals of multi-parameter synchronous measurement and operation cost reduction are reached.

Description

Multiple meterological parameters method for synchronously measuring and laser radar based on the spectrum signature signal
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser radar field, be specifically related to a kind of multiple meterological parameters synchro measure laser radar, be used to detect low latitude (0-30km) atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration, optical thickness based on the spectrum signature input.
Background technology
The optical characteristics of atmospheric temperature, wind speed and gasoloid and gas molecular scattering to numerical weather forecasting, flux transmission research and and the power meteorological research all be vital.Recent decades, the development of laser technology, acquisition of signal and data acquisition and control technology thereof makes laser radar have comprehensive advantage to aspects such as the detection height of atmosphere meteorologic parameter, vertical span, spatial resolution, temporal continuous monitoring, measuring accuracy, is that other detection means is difficult to analogy.
Mainly be to adopt Doppler lidar to measure atmospheric wind at present, adopt Mie's scattering laser radar to measure aerosol optical characteristics, adopt Rayleigh Brillouin's radar or based on the Raman radargrammetry atmospheric temperature of frequency domain filtering.Above laser radar all is to carry out meteorologic parameter by the method for measuring light scatter echo signal energy to measure.Owing on time domain, can not distinguish various scatter echo signals, so when needs obtain a plurality of meteorologic parameter, often needing a plurality of radars to unite measures, so just make that whole measurement cost is comparatively expensive, when this external low latitude is measured because the Mie scattering energy is excessive, except that the gasoloid optical characteristics, can't measure other meteorologic parameter, make the laser radar function limitation of each independent system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of multiple meterological parameters synchro measure laser radar, thereby extract various scattering spectrum signature information, and then realization is to the synchro measure of multiparameter by the detection means of obtaining the echoed signal frequency spectrum based on the spectrum signature input.
Multiple meterological parameters method for synchronously measuring based on the spectrum signature signal is specially:
(1), forms laser echo signal through behind the atmospheric backscatter to aerial emission collimated pulses laser;
(2) behind the laser echo signal process Fabry Perot etalon equal inclination interference taking place forms the concentric interference annulus;
(3) light intensity of detection concentric interference annulus obtains laser echo signal spectrum to its computing reduction of deconvoluting;
(4) Mie scattering of removing in the laser echo signal spectrum is composed, and obtains Rayleigh Brillouin spectrum V RB
(5) select objective function for use
Figure BDA0000071868660000021
To Rayleigh Brillouin spectrum V RBCarry out curve fitting, obtain positive Brillouin spectrum
Figure BDA0000071868660000022
Anti-Brillouin spectrum
Figure BDA0000071868660000023
With Rayleigh scattering spectrum V Rayl(v), wherein V ^ = V Rayl ( v ) V Brill + ( v ) V Brill - ( v ) , V is a frequency, C 0 = A B B , A is the Rayleigh weight coefficient, and B is Brillouin's weight coefficient, and T represents transposition;
(6) compose halfwidth and the Brillouin shift that calculates carrier deviation, Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, Brillouin spectrum according to positive Brillouin spectrum, anti-Brillouin spectrum and Rayleigh scattering, and obtain the Mie scattering spectrum energy according to the Mie scattering spectrum;
(7) halfwidth, Brillouin shift and the Mie scattering spectrum energy according to carrier deviation, Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, Brillouin spectrum calculates atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration and optical thickness.
Further, described
Figure BDA0000071868660000031
V Rayl(v) take off Voigt or class Buddhist gram takes off pseudo-Voigt or Gaussian function or Lorentzian for Buddhist gram.
Realize the laser radar of described multiple meterological parameters method for synchronously measuring, comprise laser transmitting system 1, laser receiver system 2 and signals collecting and disposal system 3,
Laser transmitting system 1 comprises laser instrument 101, frequency multiplier 102, optical splitter 103, beam expanding lens 104 and optical launcher 105, the laser that laser instrument 101 produces passes through frequency multiplier 102, optical splitter 103, beam expanding lens 104 and optical launcher 105 backs successively to the pulse of aerial emission collimation laser, forms laser echo signal through atmospheric backscatter;
Laser receiver system 2 comprises telescope 201, beam expanding lens 202 and optical filter 203, the laser echo signal that telescope 201 receives forms the concentric interference annulus by beam expanding lens 202 and optical filter 203 successively, and described optical filter is the Fabry Perot etalon;
Signals collecting and disposal system 3 comprise photodetector 301 and control and processing unit 302, photodetector 301 is converted to electric signal with the concentric interference annulus from light signal and sends control and processing unit 302 to, and control and 302 pairs of concentric interference annulus of processing unit are handled and obtained meteorologic parameter.
Technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The present invention is different based on time domain echoed signal radar with tradition, thereby this laser radar extracts various scattering spectrum signature information by the detection means of obtaining the echoed signal frequency spectrum, and then realizes the synchro measure to multiparameter.Specifically, by detecting the skew inverting atmospheric wind of spectrum signal medium frequency, by detecting the detection of Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy realization to gas density, halfwidth by Brillouin spectrum or Brillouin shift are realized the detection to atmospheric temperature, realize the detection of characteristics such as aerosol concentration and optical thickness by the Mie scattering spectrum energy, solve the defective of traditional time domain laser radar function singleness like this, reached the multiparameter synchro measure, reduced the purpose of operating cost.The invention has the advantages that:
1, by obtaining entire spectrum, thus can the synchro measure atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration, optical thickness, need not a plurality of radar combined measurements, reduced cost.Also possessing based on the spectrum signature signal detecting method has high sensitivity, high s/n ratio and high reliability features.
2, can measure the atmospheric parameter of low latitude (0-30km),, not have the restriction of measuring the low latitude meteorologic parameter, enlarge the range of application of laser radar compared to common time domain laser radar.
3, simple in structure.Compare the common laser radar and need not multichannel frequency discrimination unit, it is few to transmit and receive the optical system device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the laser radar system structural drawing;
Fig. 2 is the laser transmitting system structural drawing;
Fig. 3 is the laser receiver system structural drawing;
Fig. 4 is signals collecting and disposal system structural drawing;
Fig. 5 is emission laser spectrum, echoed signal spectrum and a decomposing schematic representation thereof;
Fig. 6 is a Rayleigh Brillouin spectrum synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing preferred embodiment of the present invention is further detailed.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is become by laser transmitting system 1, laser receiver system 2,3 three groups of subsystems of signals collecting and disposal system.Laser transmitting system 1 is the pulse laser of 532nm to the atmosphere emission wavelength.Various scattering processes (Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering) back takes place and forms laser echo signal in laser and atmosphere; Laser receiver system 2 receives laser echo signal, through optical filter 202 backs equal inclination interference takes place, and forms the concentric interference annulus; Photodetector 301 in signals collecting and the disposal system 3 is finished opto-electronic conversion and is obtained concentric interference annulus intensity information, control and processing unit 302 utilize the complete spectrum of these strength information reduction echoed signals, extract the halfwidth of wherein carrier deviation, Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, Brillouin spectrum or Brillouin shift, Mie scattering spectrum energy, thus the corresponding meteorologic parameters such as atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration and optical thickness that calculate.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, laser transmitting system 1 is made up of yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser instrument 101, frequency multiplier 102, optical splitter 103, beam expanding lens 104, optical launcher 105.The pulse laser that yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser instrument 101 is launched 1.064 mum wavelengths obtains the pulse laser of 532nm wavelength after frequency multiplier 102 frequencys multiplication, the pulse laser that separates 1.064 mum wavelengths and 532nm wavelength by optical splitter 103, the pulse laser of 532nm wavelength behind beam expanding lens, obtain collimating the 532nm pulse laser again by optical launcher to aerial emission, the transmit direction of pulse laser is parallel with the primary optical axis of telescope 201 in the laser receiver system 2.
With reference to accompanying drawing 3, laser receiver system 2 is made up of telescope 201, beam expanding lens 202, optical filter 203.The laser echo signal of 532nm wavelength is at focus place, telescopical far field, after telescope 201 receives, beam expanding lens 202 is converted to the laser alignment echoed signal with echoed signal, arrives signals collecting and disposal system 3 by output concentric interference annulus after optical filter 202 filtering at last.
What above-mentioned optical filter 202 adopted is Fabry Perot (Fabry-P é rot (F-P)) etalon, can adopt as U.S. CVI laser company (CVI laser) solid F-P etalon series of products and reaches other company's products of performance index.Performance index require: Free Spectral Range is best at 4GHz to 10GHz, can suitably expand, and minimum is not less than 2GHz; Centre wavelength is 532nm; Reflectivity is greater than 90% (being the bigger the better).
With reference to accompanying drawing 4, signals collecting and disposal system 3 are made up of photodetector 301, control and processing unit 302.Photodetector 301 through opto-electronic conversion, is delivered to the concentric interference annulus of laser receiver system 2 output then control and processing unit 302 and is handled.Control and processing unit 302 are also controlled photodetector 301 and whole measuring process.
Above-mentioned photodetector 301 can adopt reinforced electric coupled apparatus (ICCD), photomultiplier sequence (PMT), is used to detect the light intensity of concentric interference annulus.ICCD specifically can select PI-MAX2:512 series that Princeton instrument PI (Princeton Instruments) produces or the similar ICCD of other company product for use; The PMT pipe can adopt the river in Jiangsu Province which flows into the Huangpu River of Shanghai, shore photon (HAMAMATSU) R6060-02 Series P MT pipe or similar other company's product.
Control and processing unit 301 can adopt personal computer (PC) or Implementation of Embedded System, and its processing procedure is for analyzing the light intensity of photodetector 301 detected concentric interference annulus, the complete spectrum of reduction laser echo signal.The spectrum of echoed signal shown in Fig. 5 402 is the synoptic diagram of gained complete spectrum.Echoed signal spectrum 402 is formed by stacking by positive Brillouin spectrum 403 and Brillouin spectrum 404, Mie scattering spectrum 406, Rayleigh scattering spectrum 405.
The light intensity of described analysis photodetector 301 detected concentric interference annulus, the process of the complete spectrum of reduction laser echo signal is as follows:
1. concentric interference annulus light intensity is the result of described optical filter 202 Fabry Perots (Fabry-P é rot (F-P)) etalon transmittance function Airy function and laser echo signal spectrum convolution, wherein the Airy function adopts deconvolution algorithm to obtain laser echo signal spectrum 402 by the technical indicator of selected Fabry Perot (Fabry-P é rot (F-P)) the concrete model of etalon as can be known then;
2. step 1. in the resulting laser echo signal spectrum, spectral centroid energy height, the narrow part of frequency band are Mie scattering spectrum 406, it are removed obtain Rayleigh Brillouin and compose scattering 501 from spectrum
3. preferred Fo Ketuo (Voigt) or class Fo Ketuo (pseudo-Voigt) function carry out modeling to Rayleigh Brillouin spectrum 501, the established model V of institute RBFor:
V RB = C 0 T · v ^
Wherein, V ^ = V Rayl ( v ) V Brill + ( v ) V Brill - ( v ) , V Rayl(v) be Rayleigh scattering spectrum 405,
Figure BDA0000071868660000073
With
Figure BDA0000071868660000074
Be respectively positive Brillouin spectrum 403 and anti-Brillouin spectrum 404, the three is Fo Ketuo (Voigt) or class Fo Ketuo (pseudo-Voigt) functional form, C 0 = A B B , A is the Rayleigh weight coefficient, and B is Brillouin's weight coefficient;
4. use Lay Weinberg-Mai quart (Levenberg-Marquardt) least square fitting algorithm to step 3. in the institute established model carry out curve fitting with the spectrum 501 that removes after the Mie scattering, obtain positive Brillouin spectrum 403 and anti-Brillouin spectrum 404, Rayleigh scattering spectrum 405.
The spectrum 401 of laser and the center frequency difference of Mie scattering spectrum 406 or Rayleigh scattering spectrum 405 are promptly launched in carrier deviation; The Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy can be composed 405 by Rayleigh scattering and calculate in the frequency domain upper integral; The halfwidth of Brillouin spectrum, promptly positive Brillouin spectrum 403 or anti-Brillouin spectrum 404 highly are the overall with of half bands of a spectrum of maximum height; The center frequency difference of promptly positive Brillouin spectrum 403 of Brillouin shift or anti-Brillouin spectrum 404 centre frequencies and Mie scattering spectrum 406 or Rayleigh scattering spectrum 405; The Mie scattering spectrum energy can be composed 406 by Mie scattering and calculate in the frequency domain upper integral.The halfwidth of carrier deviation, Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, Brillouin spectrum or Brillouin shift, Mie scattering spectrum energy can be corresponding calculate atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration and optical thickness.
The above-mentioned method that goes out atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration, optical thickness by the gained data inversion is the known general knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. based on the multiple meterological parameters method for synchronously measuring of spectrum signature signal, be specially:
(1), forms laser echo signal through behind the atmospheric backscatter to aerial emission collimated pulses laser;
(2) behind the laser echo signal process Fabry Perot etalon equal inclination interference taking place forms the concentric interference annulus;
(3) light intensity of detection concentric interference annulus obtains laser echo signal spectrum to its computing reduction of deconvoluting;
(4) Mie scattering of removing in the laser echo signal spectrum is composed, and obtains Rayleigh Brillouin spectrum V RB
(5) select objective function for use
Figure FDA0000071868650000011
To Rayleigh Brillouin spectrum V RBCarry out curve fitting, obtain positive Brillouin spectrum
Figure FDA0000071868650000012
Anti-Brillouin spectrum
Figure FDA0000071868650000013
With Rayleigh scattering spectrum V Rayl(v), wherein V ^ = V Rayl ( v ) V Brill + ( v ) V Brill - ( v ) , V is a frequency, C 0 = A B B , A is the Rayleigh weight coefficient, and B is Brillouin's weight coefficient, and T represents transposition;
(6) according to positive Brillouin spectrum
Figure FDA0000071868650000016
Anti-Brillouin spectrum With Rayleigh scattering spectrum V Rayl(v) calculate the halfwidth and the Brillouin shift of carrier deviation, Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, Brillouin spectrum, and obtain the Mie scattering spectrum energy according to the Mie scattering spectrum;
(7) halfwidth, Brillouin shift and the Mie scattering spectrum energy according to carrier deviation, Rayleigh scattering spectrum energy, Brillouin spectrum calculates atmospheric wind, gas density, atmospheric temperature, aerosol concentration and optical thickness.
2. multiple meterological parameters method for synchronously measuring according to claim 1 is characterized in that, and is described
Figure FDA0000071868650000021
V Rayl(v) take off the Voigt function or class Buddhist gram takes off pseudo-Voigt function or Gaussian function or Lorentzian for Buddhist gram.
3. realize the laser radar of claim 1 or 2 described multiple meterological parameters method for synchronously measuring, comprise laser transmitting system (1), laser receiver system (2) and signals collecting and disposal system (3),
Laser transmitting system (1) comprises laser instrument (101), frequency multiplier (102), optical splitter (103), beam expanding lens (104) and optical launcher (105), the laser that laser instrument (101) produces passes through frequency multiplier (102), optical splitter (103), beam expanding lens (104) and optical launcher (105) back successively to the pulse of aerial emission collimation laser, forms laser echo signal through atmospheric backscatter;
Laser receiver system (2) comprises telescope (201), beam expanding lens (202) and optical filter (203), the laser echo signal that telescope (201) receives forms the concentric interference annulus by beam expanding lens (202) and optical filter (203) successively, and described optical filter is the Fabry Perot etalon;
Signals collecting and disposal system (3) comprise photodetector (301) and control and processing unit (302), photodetector (301) is converted to electric signal with the concentric interference annulus from light signal and sends control and processing unit (302) to, and control and processing unit (302) are handled the concentric interference annulus and obtained meteorologic parameter.
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CN109946267B (en) * 2019-04-18 2022-02-25 南昌航空大学 Device and method for measuring gas Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectral line
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