CN102287174B - Cracking viscosity reducing method and device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil - Google Patents
Cracking viscosity reducing method and device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102287174B CN102287174B CN201110117693.9A CN201110117693A CN102287174B CN 102287174 B CN102287174 B CN 102287174B CN 201110117693 A CN201110117693 A CN 201110117693A CN 102287174 B CN102287174 B CN 102287174B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cracking viscosity reducing method and a device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil, which are characterized in that a mode of carrying out superficial heat cracking on the salt-containing thick oil through overheated steam is utilized, quantitative overheated steam is introduced into low water-containing thick oil, quantitative salt resistance catalysts are added, certain temperature and pressure are controlled in a tower, in a certain reaction time, the superficial cracking is carried out on the salt-containing thick oil, and the irreversible reduction of the viscosity is realized. The pressure of a modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5MPa to 5.0MPa, the temperature is between 180 DEG C and 350 DEG C, the reaction time in the modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5hr and 4.0hr, the mass parts of the introduced overheated steam are 5 percent to 20 percent (through being metered by raw oil), the mass parts of the added salt resistance catalysts are 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent (through being metered by raw oil, and the original thick oil density is greater than 0.9750g/cm<3>), the thick oil viscosity reducing cracking conversion rate is 15 percent to 30 percent, and the viscosity reducing rate is higher than 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cracking viscosity reducing process and device for oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, solve the rare viscosity reduction collection of lifting thickened oil problem defeated and that water back is not carried.
Background technology
Main difficulty in viscous crude field development process is the high viscosity of viscous crude, at present conventional viscosity reduction mode is heating, viscosity reducing, mixes rare viscosity reduction or water-doped viscosity reduction, mixing rare viscosity reduction is a kind of effective viscosity reduction mode, but very large to thin oil Resource Dependence, often there is the difficulty of thin oil inadequate resource in viscous crude field.Catalytic cracking is conventional crude oil process technology, can change the structure of crude oil, significantly reduce former oil viscosity, but the commercial crude in oil field is because water content is in 0.5%-2% left and right, salt content cannot meet the requirement of catalytic cracking, and the field condition in oil field also cannot be carried out desalting processing to crude oil simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The cracking viscosity reducing process and the device that the object of the invention is a kind of oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, solve the difficulty of mixing thin oil deficiency and the necessary first desalination of conventional cleavage method in reducing thick oil viscosity process, from in essence viscous crude being carried out to cracking, the thick oil viscosity of irreversible reduction, improve the quality of viscous crude, realize the rare viscosity reduction collection of lifting thickened oil defeated and not water back carry.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The present invention utilizes superheated steam saliferous viscous crude to be carried out to the mode of the thermal cracking of shallow degree, the low moisture viscous crude in oil field (is moisturely less than to 5%, not desalination) add a certain amount of superheated steam and a certain amount of anti-salt catalyst, in upgrading viscosity reduction tower, control certain reaction pressure, reaction temperature, within certain reaction time, saliferous viscous crude is carried out to cracking viscosity reduction, and viscous crude cracking in upgrading viscosity reduction tower, realizes the irreversible reduction of viscosity of thickened oil; The pressure of upgrading viscous crude cracking reaction device is that 0.5MPa-5.0MPa, temperature are at 180 ℃-350 ℃, optimum temperature is at 220 ℃-320 ℃, viscous crude reaction time in reaction unit is 0.5hr-4.0hr, passing into superheated steam mass fraction is 5%-20% (in crude oil), the mass fraction that adds anti-salt catalyst is that (in crude oil, original viscous crude density is greater than 0.9750g/cm to 0.01%-1.0%
3), viscous crude visbreaking conversion ratio is 15%-30%, viscosity break ratio is higher than 90%.
The cracking viscosity reducing process of above-mentioned a kind of oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude and device are to realize by the process unit of the cracking viscosity reduction of following saliferous viscous crude:
Mainly by dewatered oil storage tank, thickened-oil pump, catalyst tank, catalyzer injection pump, heat exchanger, upgrading viscosity reduction tower, steam superheater, recirculated water saturated steam generator, overhead cooler, eliminator, circulating water pump forms, catalyst tank outlet is connected with the import of catalyzer injection pump, the outlet of catalyzer injection pump is connected with the oil pipeline that comes of dehydration viscous crude, come oil pipeline to be connected with thickened-oil pump outlet, thickened-oil pump outlet is connected with heat exchanger, this heat exchanger utilizes the outlet product of upgrading viscosity reduction tower and viscous crude heat exchange to heat import viscous crude to reach uniform temperature, then this viscous crude is connected with steam superheater, viscous crude is heated to reaction temperature and enters the middle and upper part import of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, superheated steam sets up two connectors separately, the one, after heat exchange, viscous crude place heating viscous crude is to reaction temperature, the 2nd, in the middle and lower part of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, enter, reaction tower interior reaction temperature field is regulated, make reaction temperature keep uniformity, superheated steam and high-heat heavy crude carry out cracking reaction in the cracking chamber of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, viscosity of thickened oil obtains irreversible reduction, part light components and steam flow out from tower top, at the bottom of tower, cracking viscous crude goes out from tower bottom flow, the outlet at bottom of upgrading viscosity reduction tower is all connected with recirculated water saturated steam generator with top exit, at the bottom of the overhead of high temperature and tower, viscous crude arrives saturated vapour by circulating water heating, at the bottom of at the bottom of overhead and tower, viscous crude enters dewatered oil/overhead-Ta again, thick oil heat exchanger is lowered the temperature, overhead enters eliminator again after overhead cooler is cooling, be separated into cracking gas, normal pressure low boiler cut, cracking light oil and recirculated water, wherein cracking gas is used as oil field fuel, recirculated water enters recirculated water saturated steam generator and becomes saturated vapour after circulating water pump boosts, entering superheater enters and recycles from upgrading viscosity reduction tower middle and lower part after overheated, normal pressure low boiler cut, cracking light oil is divided into two parts, at the bottom of the tower of a part and upgrading viscosity reduction tower bottom, cracking viscous crude mixes, to adjust thick oil viscosity, the viscous crude being in harmonious proportion after viscosity is called upgrading viscous crude, can be directly outer defeated, another part light oil can be used as mixes thin oil use, return pit shaft or the well head of mixing individual well, realize the omnidistance viscosity reduction of thick oil collection and transportation.
Upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity tower is made as vertical and cylindrical, upper cover top is provided with steam (vapor) outlet, middle and upper part is provided with circular ring type or row's formula drencher, drencher is connected with viscous crude import, in middle and lower part, be provided with circular ring type or row's formula drencher, drencher is connected with superheated steam import, between steam inlet and viscous crude import, filler or column plate is set, high-heat heavy crude and superheated steam carry out cracking reaction on filler or column plate, and the inherent low head of upgrading tower middle part is provided with thick oil outlet at the bottom of a tower.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, utilize steam pyrolysis characteristic to solve the problem of on-the-spot not desalination cracking upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity, for the outer defeated viscosity reduction of viscous crude, create a new approach, can significantly reduce the cost of outer defeated viscous crude.
2, the part light oil that cracking produces can be used as mixes thin oil use, returns pit shaft or the well head of mixing individual well, realizes the omnidistance viscosity reduction of thick oil collection and transportation.
The process unit of the upgrading viscosity reduction 3, working out is rational in infrastructure, easy to operate, is convenient to on-the-spot application.
4, method of the present invention and device are to viscous crude visbreaking conversion ratio at 15-30%, and conversion ratio is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of this bright process unit of accompanying drawing
In figure, at the bottom of 1-dewatered oil storage tank 2-thickened-oil pump 3-catalyst tank 4-catalyzer injection pump 5-dewatered oil/overhead-Ta, at the bottom of the 13-superheated steam orifice plate device 14-tower of thick oil heat exchanger 6-upgrading viscosity reduction tower 7-desalination water pot 8-saturated steam generator 9-steam superheater 10-overhead outlet 11-viscous crude orifice plate device 12-upgrading viscosity reduction tower cracking chamber, viscous crude exports 15-recirculated water saturated steam generator 16-overhead cooler 17-eliminator 18-circulating water pump
The specific embodiment
For further disclosing technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with Figure of description, by embodiment, elaborate:
The present invention utilizes superheated steam, in certain temperature range inside, saliferous viscous crude is carried out to catalytic cracking, separated, by the flow-control reaction temperature of preheat temperature and superheated steam, by the flow-control time of staying of viscous crude, in upgrading viscosity reduction tower inside, viscous crude is carried out to cracking viscosity reduction, to cracking gas, condensate water is recycled, (part) light hydrocarbons to viscous crude at the bottom of tower and cracking mixes, obtain upgrading viscous crude, according to the thick oil viscosity of upgrading, require to determine the mixed proportion of light hydrocarbons, the energy that comprehensive utilization by heat energy in whole process reduces viscous crude cracking viscosity reduction consumes.
Saliferous viscous crude cracking viscosity reduction technique is mainly comprised of thick oil heat exchanger 6-upgrading viscosity reduction tower 7-desalination water pot 8-saturated steam generator 9-steam superheater 15-recirculated water saturated steam generator 16-overhead cooler 17-eliminator 18-circulating water pump at the bottom of 1-dewatered oil storage tank 2-thickened-oil pump 3-catalyst tank 4-catalyzer injection pump 5-dewatered oil/overhead-Ta, catalyst tank 3 outlets are connected with 4 imports of catalyzer injection pump, 4 outlets of catalyzer injection pump are connected with the oil pipeline that comes of dehydration viscous crude, come oil pipeline to be connected with thickened-oil pump 2 outlets, thickened-oil pump 2 outlets are connected with thick oil heat exchanger at the bottom of dewatered oil/overhead-Ta 5, this heat exchanger utilizes the outlet product of upgrading viscosity reduction tower and viscous crude heat exchange to heat import viscous crude, viscous crude is connected with the viscous crude orifice plate device 11 of upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6 middle and upper parts, superheated steam sets up two connectors separately, the one, after heat exchange, viscous crude place heating viscous crude is to reaction temperature, the 2nd, be connected with the middle and lower part superheated steam orifice plate device of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, superheated steam and high-heat heavy crude carry out cracking reaction in the cracking chamber 12 of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, viscosity of thickened oil obtains irreversible reduction, part light components and steam flow out from overhead outlet 10, at the bottom of tower, viscous crude flows out from viscous crude outlet 14 at the bottom of tower, the outlet at bottom of upgrading viscosity reduction tower is all connected with recirculated water saturated steam generator 15 with top exit, at the bottom of the overhead of high temperature and tower, viscous crude arrives saturated vapour by circulating water heating, at the bottom of at the bottom of overhead and tower, viscous crude enters dewatered oil/overhead-Ta again, thick oil heat exchanger 5 is lowered the temperature, overhead enters eliminator 17 again after overhead cooler 16 is cooling, be separated into cracking gas, light oil and recirculated water, wherein cracking gas is used as oil field fuel, recirculated water enters after recirculated water saturated steam generator 15 becomes saturated vapour and is connected with steam superheater 9 imports after circulating water pump 18 boosts.
At the bottom of the water content that temperature is 60～80 ℃ is less than and enters dewatered oil/overhead-Ta after 5% saliferous viscous crude mixes with anti-salt catalyst after thickened-oil pump 2 boosts, thick oil heat exchanger 5 is warming up to uniform temperature, then this viscous crude is connected with steam superheater again, viscous crude is heated to reaction temperature and enters upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6, by viscous crude orifice plate device 11, in tower, spray, superheated steam enters superheated steam orifice plate device 13 upward sprayings of upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6 inside, by regulating superheated steam amount, control the reaction temperature that reaction tower keeps uniformity, general reaction temperature is controlled at 180 ℃-350 ℃, reaction pressure is controlled at 0.5MPa-5.0MPa, the ratio of quality and the number of copies 5%-20% (in crude oil) mixing with viscous crude, high-heat heavy crude and superheated steam carry out cracking reaction on the filler in upgrading viscosity reduction tower cracking chamber 12 or column plate, reaction time is 0.5hr-4.0hr, drencher bottom by the tower of certain liquid level at the bottom of viscous crude chamber, the fixed gas producing, light oil and steam are from top overhead outlet 10 is flowed out, through saturated steam generator 15, at the bottom of dewatered oil/overhead-Ta, thick oil heat exchanger 5, after 16 heat exchange of overhead cooler, entering eliminator 7 isolates not cold crack and vents one's spleen, condensate water and light oil, cold crack is not vented one's spleen and is used as oil field fuel, condensate water recycles, after circulating water pump 18 superchargings, enter recirculated water saturated steam generator 15, after steam superheater 9, entering upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6 recycles, the thick oil viscosity of light oil upgrading is as requested determined the mixed proportion with upgrading viscous crude, another part light oil returns pit shaft or the well head of mixing individual well, realize the omnidistance viscosity reduction of thick oil collection and transportation.
Claims (2)
1. the process unit of the cracking viscosity reduction of an oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, mainly by dewatered oil storage tank, thickened-oil pump, catalyst tank, catalyzer injection pump, heat exchanger, upgrading viscosity reduction tower, steam superheater, recirculated water saturated steam generator, overhead cooler, eliminator, circulating water pump forms, catalyst tank outlet is connected with the import of catalyzer injection pump, the outlet of catalyzer injection pump is connected with the oil pipeline that comes of dehydration viscous crude, come oil pipeline to be connected with thickened-oil pump outlet, thickened-oil pump outlet is connected with heat exchanger, this heat exchanger utilizes the outlet product of upgrading viscosity reduction tower and viscous crude heat exchange to heat import viscous crude, after heat exchange, viscous crude is connected with steam superheater, and then be connected with the import of upgrading viscosity reduction tower middle and upper part, superheated steam sets up two connectors separately, the one, viscous crude place after heat exchange, the 2nd, in the middle and lower part of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, enter, superheated steam and high-heat heavy crude carry out cracking reaction in the cracking chamber of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, the outlet at bottom of upgrading viscosity reduction tower is all connected with recirculated water saturated steam generator with top exit, be connected with thick oil heat exchanger at the bottom of dewatered oil/overhead-Ta again, after overhead cooler is cooling, enter eliminator, be separated into cracking gas, normal pressure low boiler cut, cracking light oil and recirculated water, wherein cracking gas is used as oil field fuel, recirculated water enters recirculated water saturated steam generator and becomes saturated vapour after circulating water pump boosts, entering superheater enters and recycles from upgrading viscosity reduction tower middle and lower part after overheated, normal pressure low boiler cut, cracking light oil is divided into two parts, at the bottom of the tower of a part and upgrading viscosity reduction tower bottom, cracking viscous crude mixes, to adjust thick oil viscosity, the viscous crude being in harmonious proportion after viscosity is called upgrading viscous crude, can be directly outer defeated, another part light oil can be used as mixes thin oil use.
2. the process unit of the cracking viscosity reduction of oil field according to claim 1 surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity tower is made as vertical and cylindrical, middle and upper part is provided with a large mouthful of downward orifice plate, at orifice plate, be provided with below a circular ring type or row's formula or spray nozzle type drencher, the import of this drencher is connected with the viscous crude import of upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity tower, middle and lower part is provided with the orifice plate that a large mouth makes progress, on orifice plate top, be provided with a circular ring type or row's formula or spray nozzle type drencher, the import of this drencher is being connected with superheated steam import, be provided with column plate or filler between the two.
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| CN103375156B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2016-01-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of crude oil production method |
| CN103375157B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2016-03-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Transmission method adopted by a kind of crude oil |
| US9200799B2 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2015-12-01 | Glasspoint Solar, Inc. | Systems and methods for selectively producing steam from solar collectors and heaters for processes including enhanced oil recovery |
| CN103614156A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-05 | 常州大学 | Automatic control system for viscosity reduction of thickened oil and control method thereof |
| CN106905999B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2019-04-05 | 艾斯韦尔工程技术服务（北京）有限公司 | A kind of viscous crude fission viscosity reducing processing unit |
| CN113214860A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 华东理工大学 | Process for visbreaking heavy oils |
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Effective date of registration: 20210908 Address after: 100027 Chaoyangmen North Street, Chaoyang District, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee after: SINOPEC Group Patentee after: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee after: SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Corp. Address before: 257026 No. 49, Ji'nan Road, Dongying District, Shandong, Dongying Patentee before: SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Corp. |