CN102287174A - Cracking viscosity reducing method and device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil - Google Patents
Cracking viscosity reducing method and device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cracking viscosity reducing method and a device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil, which are characterized in that a mode of carrying out superficial heat cracking on the salt-containing thick oil through overheated steam is utilized, quantitative overheated steam is introduced into low water-containing thick oil, quantitative salt resistance catalysts are added, certain temperature and pressure are controlled in a tower, in a certain reaction time, the superficial cracking is carried out on the salt-containing thick oil, and the irreversible reduction of the viscosity is realized. The pressure of a modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5MPa to 5.0MPa, the temperature is between 180 DEG C and 350 DEG C, the reaction time in the modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5hr and 4.0hr, the mass parts of the introduced overheated steam are 5 percent to 20 percent (through being metered by raw oil), the mass parts of the added salt resistance catalysts are 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent (through being metered by raw oil, and the original thick oil density is greater than 0.9750g/cm<3>), the thick oil viscosity reducing cracking conversion rate is 15 percent to 30 percent, and the viscosity reducing rate is higher than 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cracking viscosity reducing process and device that is used for oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, solve viscous crude and mix the defeated and water back problem of carrying not of rare viscosity reduction collection.
Background technology
Main difficulty in the viscous crude field development process is the high viscosity of viscous crude, viscosity reduction mode commonly used at present is for heating viscosity reduction, mixing rare viscosity reduction or water mixing viscosity reduction, mixing rare viscosity reduction is a kind of effective viscosity reduction mode, but very big to the dependence of thin oil resource, often there is the difficulty of thin oil inadequate resource in viscous crude field.Catalytic cracking is conventional crude oil process technology, can change the structure of crude oil, significantly reduce the viscosity of crude oil, but the commercial crude in oil field since water content about 0.5%-2%, salt content can't satisfy the requirement of catalytic cracking, and the field condition in oil field also can't be carried out desalting processing to crude oil simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The cracking viscosity reducing process and the device that the objective of the invention is a kind of oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, solve the difficulty of mixing thin oil deficiency and the necessary first desalination of conventional cleavage method in the reducing thick oil viscosity process, from in essence viscous crude being carried out cracking, the viscosity of irreversible reduction viscous crude, improve the quality of viscous crude, the realization viscous crude is mixed the defeated and not water back conveying of rare viscosity reduction collection.
Technical scheme of the present invention realizes in the following manner:
The present invention utilizes superheated steam the saliferous viscous crude to be carried out the mode of the thermal cracking of shallow degree, (moisture to the low moisture viscous crude in oil field less than 5%, not desalination) adds a certain amount of superheated steam and a certain amount of anti-salt catalyst, upgrading viscosity reduction tower inner control certain reaction pressure, reaction temperature, in certain reaction time, the saliferous viscous crude is carried out the cracking viscosity reduction, and viscous crude cracking in upgrading viscosity reduction tower realizes the irreversible reduction of viscosity of thickened oil; The pressure of upgrading viscous crude cracking reaction device is that 0.5MPa-5.0MPa, temperature are at 180 ℃-350 ℃, optimum temperature is at 220 ℃-320 ℃, viscous crude is 0.5hr-4.0hr in the reaction unit internal reaction time, feeding the superheated steam mass fraction is 5%-20% (in crude oil), the mass fraction that adds anti-salt catalyst is that (in crude oil, original viscous crude density is greater than 0.9750g/cm for 0.01%-1.0%
3), viscous crude visbreaking conversion ratio is 15%-30%, viscosity break ratio is higher than 90%.
The cracking viscosity reducing process of above-mentioned a kind of oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude and device are to realize by the process unit of the cracking viscosity reduction of following saliferous viscous crude:
Mainly by the dewatered oil storage tank, thickened-oil pump, catalyst tank, the catalyzer injection pump, heat exchanger, upgrading viscosity reduction tower, steam superheater, the recirculated water saturated steam generator, the overhead cooler, eliminator, circulating water pump is formed, the catalyst tank outlet links to each other with the import of catalyzer injection pump, the outlet of catalyzer injection pump links to each other with the oil pipeline that comes of dehydration viscous crude, come oil pipeline to link to each other with the thickened-oil pump outlet, the thickened-oil pump outlet links to each other with heat exchanger, this heat exchanger utilizes the outlet product of upgrading viscosity reduction tower and viscous crude heat exchange to heat the import viscous crude to reach uniform temperature, this viscous crude links to each other with steam superheater then, viscous crude is heated to reaction temperature and enters the middle and upper part import of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, superheated steam sets up two connectors separately, the one, viscous crude place heating viscous crude is to reaction temperature after heat exchange, the 2nd, enter in the middle and lower part of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, reaction tower interior reaction temperature field is regulated, make reaction temperature keep uniformity, superheated steam and high-heat heavy crude carry out cracking reaction in the cracking chamber of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, viscosity of thickened oil obtains irreversible reduction, part light components and steam flow out from cat head, the cracking viscous crude goes out from tower bottom flow at the bottom of the tower, the outlet at bottom of upgrading viscosity reduction tower all links to each other with the recirculated water saturated steam generator with top exit, viscous crude is heated to saturated vapour with recirculated water at the bottom of the overhead of high temperature and the tower, thick oil heat exchanger was lowered the temperature at the bottom of viscous crude entered dewatered oil/overhead-Ta again at the bottom of overhead and the tower, overhead is again through entering eliminator after the cooling of overhead cooler, be separated into cracking gas, the normal pressure low boiler cut, cracking light oil and recirculated water, wherein cracking gas uses as oil field fuel, enter the recirculated water saturated steam generator after recirculated water boosts through circulating water pump and become saturated vapour, entering the overheated back of superheater enters recycling from upgrading viscosity reduction tower middle and lower part, the normal pressure low boiler cut, the cracking light oil is divided into two parts, the cracking viscous crude mixes at the bottom of the tower of a part and upgrading viscosity reduction tower bottom, to adjust the viscosity of viscous crude, viscous crude after the mediation viscosity is called the upgrading viscous crude, can be directly outer defeated, another part light oil can be used as mixes the thin oil use, return pit shaft or the well head of mixing individual well, realize the omnidistance viscosity reduction of thick oil collection and transportation.
Upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity tower is made as vertical and cylindrical, upper cover top is provided with steam (vapor) outlet, the middle and upper part is provided with circular ring type or row's formula drencher, drencher links to each other with the viscous crude import, be provided with circular ring type or row's formula drencher in the middle and lower part, drencher links to each other with the superheated steam import, between steam inlet and viscous crude import filler or column plate is set, high-heat heavy crude and superheated steam carry out cracking reaction on filler or column plate, the inherent low head of upgrading tower middle part is provided with the outlet of viscous crude at the bottom of the tower.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, utilizes the steam pyrolysis characteristic to solve the problem of on-the-spot not desalination cracking upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity, create a new approach outward, can significantly reduce the cost of outer defeated viscous crude for the defeated viscosity reduction of viscous crude.
2, the part light oil of cracking generation can be used as and mixes the thin oil use, returns pit shaft or the well head of mixing individual well, realizes the omnidistance viscosity reduction of thick oil collection and transportation.
The process unit of the viscous crude upgrading viscosity reduction that 3, works out is rational in infrastructure, easy to operate, is convenient to The field.
4, method of the present invention and the device to viscous crude visbreaking conversion ratio at 15-30%, the conversion ratio height.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of this bright process unit of accompanying drawing
Viscous crude exported 15-recirculated water saturated steam generator 16-overhead cooler 17-separator 18-water circulating pump at the bottom of thick oil heat exchanger 6-upgrading viscosity reduction tower 7-desalination water pot 8-saturated steam generator 9-steam superheater 10-overhead exported 11-viscous crude orifice plate device 12-upgrading viscosity reduction tower cracking chamber 13-superheated steam orifice plate device 14-tower at the bottom of 1-dewatered oil storage tank 2-thickened-oil pump 3-catalyst tank 4-catalyst injection pump 5-dewatered oil/overhead-Ta among the figure
The specific embodiment
For further disclosing technical scheme of the present invention, elaborate by embodiment below in conjunction with Figure of description:
The present invention utilizes superheated steam in certain temperature range inside the saliferous viscous crude to be carried out catalytic cracking, separate, flow-control reaction temperature by preheat temperature and superheated steam, by the flow-control time of staying of viscous crude, in upgrading viscosity reduction tower inside viscous crude is carried out the cracking viscosity reduction, to cracking gas, condensate water is recycled, (part) light hydrocarbons to viscous crude at the bottom of the tower and cracking mixes, obtain the upgrading viscous crude, require to determine the mixed proportion of light hydrocarbons in whole process, to reduce the energy consumption of viscous crude cracking viscosity reduction according to the viscosity of upgrading viscous crude by the comprehensive utilization of heat energy.
Saliferous viscous crude cracking viscosity reduction technology mainly is made up of thick oil heat exchanger 6-upgrading viscosity reduction tower 7-desalination water pot 8-saturated steam generator 9-steam superheater 15-recirculated water saturated steam generator 16-overhead cooler 17-eliminator 18-circulating water pump at the bottom of 1-dewatered oil storage tank 2-thickened-oil pump 3-catalyst tank 4-catalyzer injection pump 5-dewatered oil/overhead-Ta, catalyst tank 3 outlets link to each other with 4 imports of catalyzer injection pump, 4 outlets of catalyzer injection pump link to each other with the oil pipeline that comes of dehydration viscous crude, come oil pipeline to link to each other with thickened-oil pump 2 outlets, thickened-oil pump 2 outlets link to each other with thick oil heat exchanger 5 at the bottom of dewatered oil/overhead-Ta, this heat exchanger utilizes the outlet product of upgrading viscosity reduction tower and viscous crude heat exchange to heat the import viscous crude, viscous crude links to each other with the viscous crude orifice plate device 11 of upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6 middle and upper parts, superheated steam sets up two connectors separately, the one, viscous crude place heating viscous crude is to reaction temperature after heat exchange, the 2nd, link to each other with the middle and lower part superheated steam orifice plate device of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, superheated steam and high-heat heavy crude carry out cracking reaction in the cracking chamber 12 of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, viscosity of thickened oil obtains irreversible reduction, part light components and steam flow out from overhead outlet 10, viscous crude viscous crude outlet 14 at the bottom of the tower is flowed out at the bottom of the tower, the outlet at bottom of upgrading viscosity reduction tower all links to each other with recirculated water saturated steam generator 15 with top exit, viscous crude is heated to saturated vapour with recirculated water at the bottom of the overhead of high temperature and the tower, thick oil heat exchanger 5 was lowered the temperature at the bottom of viscous crude entered dewatered oil/overhead-Ta again at the bottom of overhead and the tower, overhead is again through entering eliminator 17 after 16 coolings of overhead cooler, be separated into cracking gas, light oil and recirculated water, wherein cracking gas uses as oil field fuel, enter after recirculated water boosts through circulating water pump 18 and link to each other with steam superheater 9 imports after recirculated water saturated steam generator 15 becomes saturated vapour.
The water content that temperature is 60～80 ℃ less than 5% saliferous viscous crude after thickened-oil pump 2 boosts with enter dewatered oil/overhead-Ta after anti-salt catalyst mixes at the bottom of thick oil heat exchanger 5 be warming up to uniform temperature, this viscous crude links to each other with steam superheater more then, viscous crude is heated to reaction temperature and enters upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6, spray in tower by viscous crude orifice plate device 11, the superheated steam orifice plate device 13 that superheated steam enters upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6 inside upwards sprays, control the reaction temperature that reaction tower keeps uniformity by regulating the superheated steam amount, general reaction temperature is controlled at 180 ℃-350 ℃, reaction pressure is controlled at 0.5MPa-5.0MPa, the ratio of quality and the number of copies 5%-20% (in crude oil) that mixes with viscous crude, high-heat heavy crude and superheated steam carry out cracking reaction on the filler in upgrading viscosity reduction tower cracking chamber 12 or column plate, reaction time is 0.5hr-4.0hr, the drencher bottom by the tower of certain liquid level at the bottom of the viscous crude chamber, the fixed gas that produces, after light oil and steam flow out from top overhead outlet 10, through saturated steam generator 15, thick oil heat exchanger 5 at the bottom of dewatered oil/overhead-Ta, entering eliminator 7 after 16 heat exchange of overhead cooler isolates not cold crack and vents one's spleen, condensate water and light oil, cold crack is not vented one's spleen and is used as oil field fuel, condensate water recycles, after circulating water pump 18 superchargings, enter recirculated water saturated steam generator 15, entering upgrading viscosity reduction tower 6 behind the steam superheater 9 recycles, the viscosity of light oil upgrading viscous crude is as requested determined the mixed proportion with the upgrading viscous crude, another part light oil returns pit shaft or the well head of mixing individual well, realizes the omnidistance viscosity reduction of thick oil collection and transportation.
Claims (3)
1. the cracking viscosity reducing process of an oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, it is characterized in that utilizing superheated steam the saliferous viscous crude to be carried out the mode of the thermal cracking of shallow degree, (moisture to the low moisture viscous crude in oil field less than 5%, not desalination) feeds a certain amount of superheated steam and a certain amount of anti-salt catalyst, control certain reaction pressure, reaction temperature and reaction time in upgrading reaction viscosity reduction tower, the saliferous viscous crude carries out shallow degree cracking in reactor, realize the irreversible reduction of viscosity of thickened oil; The pressure of upgrading viscous crude cracking reaction device is that 0.5MPa-5.0MPa, temperature are at 180 ℃-350 ℃, optimum temperature is at 220 ℃-320 ℃, viscous crude is 0.5hr-4.0hr in the reaction unit internal reaction time, feeding the superheated steam mass fraction is 5%-20% (in crude oil), the mass fraction that adds anti-salt catalyst is that (in crude oil, original viscous crude density is greater than 0.9750g/cm for 0.01%-1.0%
3), viscous crude visbreaking conversion ratio is 15%-30%, viscosity break ratio is higher than 90%.
2. the process unit of the cracking viscosity reduction of an oil field surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, form according to the described content design of claim 1, mainly by the dewatered oil storage tank, thickened-oil pump, catalyst tank, the catalyzer injection pump, heat exchanger, upgrading viscosity reduction tower, steam superheater, the recirculated water saturated steam generator, the overhead cooler, eliminator, circulating water pump is formed, the catalyst tank outlet links to each other with the import of catalyzer injection pump, the outlet of catalyzer injection pump links to each other with the oil pipeline that comes of dehydration viscous crude, come oil pipeline to link to each other with the thickened-oil pump outlet, the thickened-oil pump outlet links to each other with heat exchanger, this heat exchanger utilizes the outlet product of upgrading viscosity reduction tower and viscous crude heat exchange to heat the import viscous crude, viscous crude links to each other with steam superheater after the heat exchange, and then link to each other with the import of upgrading viscosity reduction tower middle and upper part, superheated steam sets up two connectors separately, the one, viscous crude place after heat exchange, the 2nd, enter in the middle and lower part of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, superheated steam and high-heat heavy crude carry out cracking reaction in the cracking chamber of upgrading viscosity reduction tower, the outlet at bottom of upgrading viscosity reduction tower all links to each other with the recirculated water saturated steam generator with top exit, link to each other with thick oil heat exchanger at the bottom of dewatered oil/overhead-Ta again, through entering eliminator after the cooling of overhead cooler, be separated into cracking gas, the normal pressure low boiler cut, cracking light oil and recirculated water, wherein cracking gas uses as oil field fuel, enter the recirculated water saturated steam generator after recirculated water boosts through circulating water pump and become saturated vapour, entering the overheated back of superheater enters recycling from upgrading viscosity reduction tower middle and lower part, the normal pressure low boiler cut, the cracking light oil is divided into two parts, the cracking viscous crude mixes at the bottom of the tower of a part and upgrading viscosity reduction tower bottom, to adjust the viscosity of viscous crude, viscous crude after the mediation viscosity is called the upgrading viscous crude, can be directly outer defeated, another part light oil can be used as mixes the thin oil use.
3. the process unit of the cracking viscosity reduction of oil field according to claim 3 surface gathering and transferring saliferous viscous crude, upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity tower is made as vertical and cylindrical, the middle and upper part is provided with a big mouthful of downward orifice plate, be provided with a circular ring type or row's formula or spray nozzle type drencher in orifice plate bottom, the import of this drencher links to each other with the viscous crude import of upgrading reducing thick oil viscosity tower, the middle and lower part is provided with the orifice plate that a big mouth makes progress, be provided with a circular ring type or row's formula or spray nozzle type drencher on orifice plate top, the import of this drencher is provided with column plate or filler between the two linking to each other with the superheated steam import.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103375156A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crude oil recovery method |
| CN103375157A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crude oil recovery and transportation method |
| CN103614156A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-05 | 常州大学 | Automatic control system for viscosity reduction of thickened oil and control method thereof |
| CN106905999A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-30 | 艾斯韦尔工程技术服务（北京）有限公司 | A kind of viscous crude fission viscosity reducing processing unit |
| CN107525055A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2017-12-29 | 玻点太阳能有限公司 | For selectively being used to include the system and method for improving oil recovery process from solar thermal collector and heater production steam |
| CN113214860A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 华东理工大学 | Process for visbreaking heavy oils |
| CN113250664A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-08-13 | 胜利油田海胜石油机械制造有限公司 | Oil field wellhead assembly with multistage coupling viscosity reduction function |
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| CN104650950B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-08-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The experimental provision of a kind of viscous crude superheated steam distillation and experimental technique |
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| CN103614156A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-05 | 常州大学 | Automatic control system for viscosity reduction of thickened oil and control method thereof |
| CN106905999A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-30 | 艾斯韦尔工程技术服务（北京）有限公司 | A kind of viscous crude fission viscosity reducing processing unit |
| CN113214860A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 华东理工大学 | Process for visbreaking heavy oils |
| CN113250664A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-08-13 | 胜利油田海胜石油机械制造有限公司 | Oil field wellhead assembly with multistage coupling viscosity reduction function |
| CN113250664B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-26 | 东营浩辰石油技术开发有限公司 | Oil field wellhead assembly with multistage coupling viscosity reduction function |
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Effective date of registration: 20190522 Address after: 257026 No. 49 Jinan Road, Dongying District, Dongying City, Shandong Province Patentee after: SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DESIGN CO., LTD. Address before: 257026 No. 49 Jinan Road, Dongying City, Shandong Province Patentee before: Shengli Oilfield Shengli Engineering & Consulting Co., Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20210908 Address after: 100027 Chaoyangmen North Street, Chaoyang District, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee after: SINOPEC Group Patentee after: SINOPEC OILFIELD SERVICE Corp. Patentee after: SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Corp. Address before: 257026 No. 49, Ji'nan Road, Dongying District, Shandong, Dongying Patentee before: SINOPEC PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Corp. |
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