CN102287007B - Soft steel core rubber mat-steel spring combined seismic isolation supporting seat - Google Patents
Soft steel core rubber mat-steel spring combined seismic isolation supporting seat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种软钢芯橡胶垫钢弹簧组合减隔震支座,该支座由内外两部分组成。其中里面部分为软钢芯橡胶垫,该部分采用高性能软钢芯代替常用铅芯,不仅具有常规铅芯橡胶垫的减震耗能作用,而且避开了有毒物质铅的采用。外面部分为高强度、高承载力钢弹簧,该钢弹簧与软钢芯橡胶垫共同承受水平及竖向荷载,同时能够通过其套箍作用来提高软钢芯橡胶垫承载能力和复位特性。钢弹簧在使用过程中一直处于绷紧的状态,以充分发挥其套箍作用。考虑到该新型组合减隔震支座造价低、性能优越,随着世界范围内对工程结构隔减震设计的不断重视以及基础设施建设的不断发展,该支座必将在各类工程结构中得到广泛应用。
The utility model relates to a shock-absorbing and isolating bearing combined with a soft steel core, rubber cushion and steel spring, which is composed of inner and outer parts. The inner part is a soft steel core rubber pad, which uses a high-performance soft steel core to replace the common lead core, which not only has the shock absorption and energy consumption effect of the conventional lead core rubber pad, but also avoids the use of toxic lead. The outer part is a high-strength, high-load-bearing steel spring. The steel spring and the soft steel core rubber pad jointly bear horizontal and vertical loads, and can improve the bearing capacity and reset characteristics of the soft steel core rubber pad through its hoop function. The steel spring is always in a taut state during use to give full play to its hoop effect. Considering the low cost and superior performance of this new type of combined shock-absorbing and isolating bearing, with the continuous attention to the design of engineering structure shock-absorbing and the continuous development of infrastructure construction in the world, this bearing will definitely be used in various engineering structures. be widely used.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种新型组合减隔震支座,特别适用于在地震多发区的大型土木工程结构中采用,以有效控制结构的地震响应,减小地震灾害。The invention relates to a novel combined shock-absorbing and isolating support, which is especially suitable for use in large-scale civil engineering structures in earthquake-prone areas, so as to effectively control the earthquake response of the structure and reduce earthquake disasters.
背景技术 Background technique
地震是危及人民生命财产的突发式自然灾害,在世界范围内造成了非常惨重的生命财产损失,而我国是世界上的多地震国家之一。如1976年7月28日的河北唐山大地震,震级7.8级,死亡达24万余人,强震区内的房屋、工业厂房与设备、城市建设、交通运输、水电设施等都受到极其严重的破坏。今年5月12号的四川汶川8.0级大地震,更是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最广的一次地震,比唐山地震有过之而无不及。这些震害给国家和人民的生命财产造成了巨大损失。在国外,如1994年美国Northridge地震,震级仅6.7级,却导致经济损失200亿美元;1995年的日本阪神大地震,震级7.2级,死亡5466人,城市经济总损失达到1000亿美元。巨大的生命财产损失使得全世界抗震工作者纷纷研究和思考新的有效抗震措施。实践证明,为了减轻地震灾害,必须大力进行抗震设防工作,而结构减隔震设计是减小工程结构地震灾害的有效途径之一。Earthquake is a sudden natural disaster that endangers people's life and property, and has caused very heavy loss of life and property in the world. my country is one of the earthquake-prone countries in the world. For example, the Tangshan earthquake in Hebei Province on July 28, 1976 had a magnitude of 7.8 and killed more than 240,000 people. Houses, industrial plants and equipment, urban construction, transportation, and hydropower facilities in the strong earthquake area were severely damaged. destroy. The magnitude 8.0 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province on May 12 this year was the most destructive and widest-reaching earthquake since the founding of New China, even worse than the Tangshan earthquake. These earthquakes have caused huge losses to the lives and properties of the country and the people. In foreign countries, for example, the Northridge earthquake in the United States in 1994 had a magnitude of only 6.7, but caused economic losses of 20 billion U.S. dollars; the Great Hanshin Earthquake in Japan in 1995 had a magnitude of 7.2, killed 5,466 people, and caused a total urban economic loss of 100 billion U.S. dollars. The huge loss of life and property has caused earthquake workers all over the world to study and think about new effective anti-seismic measures. Practice has proved that in order to reduce earthquake disasters, it is necessary to vigorously carry out seismic fortification work, and structural shock isolation design is one of the effective ways to reduce earthquake disasters of engineering structures.
工程结构减隔震的基本原理是:减震是利用特制减震构件或装置,使之在强震时率先进入塑性区,产生大阻尼,大量消耗进入结构体系的能量;而隔震则是利用隔震体系,设法阻止地震能量进入主体结构。在实际中,有时把这两种体系合二为一。通过选择适当的减、隔震装置与设置位置,可以达到控制结构内力分布与大小的目的。为此国内外技术人员已研制并开发了许多类型的减隔震装置,其中铅芯橡胶支座(垫)就是其中最为常见的隔减震支座之一。The basic principle of shock absorption and isolation of engineering structures is: shock absorption is to use special shock-absorbing components or devices to make them enter the plastic zone first during strong earthquakes, resulting in large damping and consuming a large amount of energy entering the structural system; and shock isolation is to use Seismic isolation system, which seeks to prevent seismic energy from entering the main structure. In practice, the two systems are sometimes combined into one. By selecting the appropriate damping and isolation devices and setting positions, the purpose of controlling the distribution and size of the internal force of the structure can be achieved. Technical personnel at home and abroad have researched and developed many types of shock-absorbing and isolating devices for this reason, and wherein lead rubber bearing (pad) is exactly one of the most common shock-absorbing and isolating bearings wherein.
铅芯橡胶支座(垫)通过在普通叠层橡胶支座中灌入铅芯而形成,最早是新西兰学者在1975年发展的,该支座充分利用了铅芯良好的力学特性,包括较低的屈服剪力和较高的初始剪切刚度。铅芯的灌入可以提高支座的早期刚度,利于对结构振动进行控制。试验表明,铅芯橡胶支座的初始剪切刚度约为普通叠层橡胶支座刚度的10倍。增大铅芯的面积可以提高耗能效果。由于结合了叠层橡胶支座和铅阻尼器的特点,因而在工程结构中得到广泛采用。Lead-core rubber bearings (pads) are formed by pouring lead cores into ordinary laminated rubber bearings. They were first developed by New Zealand scholars in 1975. The bearings make full use of the good mechanical properties of lead cores, including low Yield shear force and high initial shear stiffness. The filling of the lead core can improve the early stiffness of the bearing, which is beneficial to control the structural vibration. Tests have shown that the initial shear stiffness of lead rubber bearings is about 10 times that of ordinary laminated rubber bearings. Enlarging the area of the lead core can improve the energy dissipation effect. It is widely used in engineering structures because it combines the characteristics of laminated rubber bearings and lead dampers.
由于铅是一种有毒物质,铅芯橡胶支座设计中的一个关键问题就是对铅进行密封,以防止铅的泄漏。因此,从环保的角度来考虑,采用性能类似的材料对铅芯进行替换是一种必然的发展趋势。本文所选用的软钢芯是利用钢材的塑性变形来耗能,其优点是制造较简单,造价相对较低,易于根据实际需要制成不同的形状且坚实耐用,耗能能力强。而且软钢是一种无毒物质,相对于铅而言,这一优势明显。此外,随着材料科学的发展,近年来不断研制出各类新型的高性能软钢,为软钢芯橡胶垫的产生奠定了基础。Since lead is a toxic substance, a key issue in the design of lead rubber bearings is to seal the lead to prevent leakage of lead. Therefore, from the perspective of environmental protection, it is an inevitable development trend to replace lead cores with materials with similar properties. The mild steel core selected in this paper uses the plastic deformation of steel to dissipate energy. Its advantages are that it is relatively simple to manufacture, relatively low in cost, easy to be made into different shapes according to actual needs, solid and durable, and has strong energy dissipation capacity. Moreover, mild steel is a non-toxic substance, which has an obvious advantage over lead. In addition, with the development of material science, various new types of high-performance mild steel have been continuously developed in recent years, laying the foundation for the production of soft steel core rubber pads.
对于工程结构抗震而言,其支座的耗能能力是最为重要的一项指标。因此,为了提高现有铅芯橡胶支座的耗能能力,可以考虑在其外部套箍一软钢板。然而套箍了较后软钢板之后的支座在竖向隔震性能方面收到影响。为了改善其竖向抗震性能,可考虑将软钢板换成钢弹簧,以充分利用钢弹簧相对易于产生的压缩、剪切性能。很显然,相对于普通软钢芯橡胶垫而言,套箍过钢弹簧之后的软钢芯橡胶垫—钢弹簧组合支座具有更大的承载能力。此外,回复力是衡量隔减震支座性能的又一重要指标。外箍钢弹簧强大的回复力可以减小组合支座在地震作用下的变形,极大地提高其水平及竖向复位性能。For the earthquake resistance of engineering structures, the energy dissipation capacity of its supports is the most important index. Therefore, in order to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the existing lead rubber bearing, a soft steel plate can be considered on its outside. However, the bearing after hooping the soft steel plate is affected in terms of vertical vibration isolation performance. In order to improve its vertical seismic performance, it may be considered to replace the soft steel plate with a steel spring to make full use of the relatively easy compression and shear properties of the steel spring. Apparently, compared with common soft steel core rubber pads, the soft steel core rubber pad-steel spring combined support after the ferrule passes through the steel spring has a greater load-bearing capacity. In addition, the restoring force is another important index to measure the performance of the shock-absorbing bearing. The strong restoring force of the outer hoop steel spring can reduce the deformation of the composite support under earthquake action, and greatly improve its horizontal and vertical restoration performance.
随着钢铁材料科学研究和生产工作的不断发展,软钢阻尼器的品种越来越丰富,各种高性能新型软钢不断涌现,钢弹簧以及弹簧支座的生产及支座技术也得到了长足的进步,为研制新型环保型的软钢芯橡胶垫—钢弹簧组合支座提供了强有力的技术支撑。上述这些新型材料的价格也逐渐降低,进一步增强了其大范围推广应用的可能性。随着隔减震技术研究和实践工作的不断深入,具有不同特点的组合型隔减震支座将应运而生,以降低结构地震响应,保障人民生命财产安全。With the continuous development of scientific research and production of steel materials, the variety of mild steel dampers is becoming more and more abundant, various high-performance new mild steels are emerging, and the production and support technology of steel springs and spring supports have also made great strides. The progress provided a strong technical support for the development of a new environment-friendly soft steel core rubber pad-steel spring combined bearing. The prices of the above-mentioned new materials are also gradually decreasing, which further enhances the possibility of their wide-scale promotion and application. With the deepening of the research and practice of seismic isolation technology, combined seismic isolation bearings with different characteristics will emerge as the times require to reduce the seismic response of structures and ensure the safety of people's lives and properties.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种软钢芯橡胶垫钢弹簧新型组合减隔震支座,该支座不仅避免了常规铅芯橡胶垫中有毒物质铅的采用,还通过外包钢弹簧来提高其承载能力和复位性能,可广泛应用于需要进行隔减震设计的各类大型工程结构当中。Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to provide a new type of combined shock-absorbing and isolation bearing with soft steel core rubber pad and steel spring. To improve its bearing capacity and reset performance, it can be widely used in various large-scale engineering structures that require shock-absorbing design.
技术方案:本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:该支座包括上连接板、夹层钢板、橡胶、软钢棒、钢弹簧、下连接板;其中,夹层钢板、橡胶相间隔顺序排列,软钢棒穿过夹层钢板、橡胶组成软钢芯橡胶垫,上连接板位于该软钢芯橡胶垫的上部,下连接板位于该软钢芯橡胶垫的下部,上连接板和下连接板分别与软钢芯橡胶垫的上下表面牢固粘结,钢弹簧位于该软钢芯橡胶垫的外周;该钢弹簧的相邻钢丝紧密相连,中间无间隙。Technical solution: The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: the support includes an upper connecting plate, a sandwich steel plate, rubber, a soft steel rod, a steel spring, and a lower connecting plate; wherein, the sandwich steel plate and rubber are arranged in sequence at intervals , the soft steel rod passes through the sandwich steel plate and rubber to form a soft steel core rubber pad, the upper connecting plate is located on the upper part of the soft steel core rubber pad, the lower connecting plate is located on the lower part of the soft steel core rubber pad, the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate The upper and lower surfaces of the soft steel core rubber pad are firmly bonded respectively, and the steel spring is located on the outer periphery of the soft steel core rubber pad; the adjacent steel wires of the steel spring are closely connected without gaps in the middle.
所述的钢弹簧在使用过程中一直处于绷紧的状态,以充分发挥其套箍作用,提高软钢芯橡胶垫承载能力和复位特性。所述的上连接板为聚四氟乙烯板滑动支座。The steel spring is always in a tense state during use, so as to give full play to its hoop function and improve the bearing capacity and reset characteristics of the soft steel core rubber pad. The upper connecting plate is a polytetrafluoroethylene plate sliding support.
本发明的新型组合减隔震支座主要包括两个系统:竖向传力系统及水平向耗能系统。竖向传力系统指桥梁结构受自重及车辆荷载等外力作用而产生的竖向效应,通过本支座安全地传给桥墩结构,上连接板、夹层钢板、橡胶、钢弹簧与下连接板组成了该系统。这其中,钢弹簧不直接参与竖向力的传递,但其对软钢芯橡胶垫有套箍的作用,故对软钢芯橡胶垫的竖向承载力有较大的提高作用。水平向耗能系统指桥梁结构受地震及风荷载等外力作用下,通过本支座消耗掉一大部分能量,从而显著减少输入到桥梁结构中的能量,进而达到保护桥梁结构的作用,上连接板、软钢棒、钢弹簧与下连接板组成了该系统。当有地震力作用时,该系统的软钢棒与钢弹簧发生剪切变形,从而耗散能量。此外,强地震作用下橡胶垫会发生较大的剪切变形,钢弹簧的采用提过了支座的水平复位性能。The novel combined shock-absorbing and isolating support of the present invention mainly includes two systems: a vertical force transmission system and a horizontal energy dissipation system. The vertical force transmission system refers to the vertical effect produced by the bridge structure under the action of external forces such as its own weight and vehicle load. It is safely transmitted to the pier structure through this support. It consists of upper connecting plate, interlayer steel plate, rubber, steel spring and lower connecting plate. the system. Among them, the steel spring does not directly participate in the transmission of vertical force, but it has the effect of hoop on the soft steel core rubber pad, so it has a greater effect on the vertical bearing capacity of the soft steel core rubber pad. The horizontal energy dissipation system means that under the action of external forces such as earthquakes and wind loads on the bridge structure, a large part of the energy is consumed through this support, thereby significantly reducing the energy input into the bridge structure, thereby achieving the function of protecting the bridge structure. Plates, mild steel rods, steel springs and lower connecting plates make up the system. When seismic forces are applied, the system's mild steel rods and steel springs deform in shear, dissipating energy. In addition, the rubber pad will undergo large shear deformation under the action of strong earthquakes, and the use of steel springs improves the horizontal reset performance of the support.
本发明的新型组合减隔震支座因为桥梁结构受外力作用而发生转动时,会形成部分受拉或全部受拉的受力状态,此时,与上下连接板焊接在一起的钢弹簧可以发挥竖向控制作用,减少软钢芯橡胶垫的竖向受拉,并增强支座的竖向复位性能。When the novel combined shock-absorbing and isolating bearing of the present invention rotates due to the action of an external force on the bridge structure, it will form a partially or fully tensioned stressed state. At this time, the steel springs welded together with the upper and lower connecting plates can exert The vertical control function reduces the vertical tension of the soft steel core rubber pad and enhances the vertical return performance of the support.
有益效果:本发明中所采用的软钢棒具有屈服点低、强度稳定、低周抗疲劳性能好、弹塑性减震耗能能力强的优点,且无毒无害,将其与钢弹簧联合使用,可显著提高支座的耗能能力,且能达到控制结构位移、减小桥梁震害的作用。Beneficial effects: the mild steel rod used in the present invention has the advantages of low yield point, stable strength, good low-cycle fatigue resistance, strong elastic-plastic shock absorption and energy consumption, and is non-toxic and harmless. It is combined with a steel spring Using it can significantly improve the energy dissipation capacity of the bearing, and can achieve the effect of controlling the structural displacement and reducing the earthquake damage of the bridge.
通过对现有铅芯橡胶垫进行改进,形成软钢芯橡胶垫,并在外围采用钢弹簧对其进行紧密套箍,使得该新型组合减隔震支座不仅更加环保,而且具有超强的承载能力和复位性能,可以很好的满足各类大型工程结构的减隔震需求。同时该支座设计简单、造价低、安装方便、物美价廉,随着全世界范围内各类工程结构对抗震性能的重视,该新型减隔震支座必将得到广泛的工程应用,社会和经济效应不可限量。Through the improvement of the existing lead core rubber pad, a soft steel core rubber pad is formed, and steel springs are used to tightly hoop it on the periphery, so that the new combined shock-absorbing and isolating bearing is not only more environmentally friendly, but also has a super strong bearing capacity The ability and reset performance can well meet the shock absorption and isolation requirements of various large-scale engineering structures. At the same time, the bearing has simple design, low cost, convenient installation, high quality and low price. With the emphasis on the aseismic performance of various engineering structures all over the world, this new type of shock-absorbing and isolating bearing will be widely used in engineering applications. The economic effect is unlimited.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的支座结构整体纵向剖面构造示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall longitudinal section structure of the support structure of the present invention;
图2是图1中A-A处的剖面图;Fig. 2 is the sectional view of A-A place in Fig. 1;
图3是上下连接板的正视图;Fig. 3 is the front view of upper and lower connection plate;
图4是钢弹簧与上下连接板之间的焊缝示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the weld between the steel spring and the upper and lower connecting plates.
图中有:上连接板1;夹层钢板2;橡胶3;软钢棒4;钢弹簧5;下连接板6;焊缝7;高强螺栓8。In the figure, there are: upper connecting
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明的软钢芯橡胶垫钢弹簧组合减隔震支座:该支座包括上连接板1、夹层钢板2、橡胶3、软钢棒4、钢弹簧5、下连接板6;其中,夹层钢板2、橡胶3、软钢棒4这三个部分组成软钢芯橡胶垫;在软钢芯橡胶垫的外围套箍一钢弹簧5,该钢弹簧5加工成相邻钢丝紧密相连的外部形状,相邻钢丝之间无间隙,且该钢弹簧5的上下端与支座的上连接板1及下连接板6可靠焊接。上下连接板分别与软钢芯橡胶垫的上下表面通过粘结相连。夹层钢板2与橡胶3分层粘结形成圆形橡胶垫后,在该橡胶垫的圆心位置处加工出一圆柱体孔洞,然后将圆柱形软钢棒4放入其中,从而形成软钢芯橡胶垫。该支座的上连接板1和下连接板6均为方形,以便于与梁底及桥墩顶面处的预埋件用高强螺栓8可靠相连。支座结构整体纵向剖面构造示意图见图1。Soft steel core rubber pad steel spring combined shock-absorbing support of the present invention: the support includes an
本支座的上下连接板为方形,软钢芯橡胶垫为圆形,钢弹簧5紧密缠绕在软钢芯橡胶垫的四周,形成围筒形。先按照桥墩及桥梁结构的尺寸设计好上下连接板的尺寸,并按耗能减震桥梁的设计要求确定软钢芯橡胶垫的尺寸,进而确定钢弹簧5的尺寸。制作本支座时,首先将夹层钢板2与橡胶3分层粘接起来,夹层钢板2与橡胶3的每层厚度应符合国家的相关标准。然后在粘接好的橡胶垫上制作一个事先设计好的圆柱状孔洞,再将软钢棒4放入其中。在制作好的软钢芯橡胶垫的外围套上事先加工好的钢弹簧5,最后将上下连接板与软钢芯橡胶垫的上下表面牢固粘接起来,并用焊缝7将钢弹簧5与上连接板1及下连接板6分别连接起来,钢弹簧5与软钢芯橡胶垫的相对位置见图2。钢弹簧与上下连接板之间焊缝的示意图见图4。The upper and lower connecting plates of the support are square, the soft steel core rubber pad is circular, and the
现场安装过程中,上连接板1、下连接板6分别用高强螺栓8与梁底的预埋板及桥墩上的预埋板相连,上下连接板的螺栓孔位置示意图见图3。在支座安装完成后,应在支座四周安装好防尘罩,并在需要的地方涂刷上防腐漆,做好防腐及防尘工作。During on-site installation, the upper connecting
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CN104831622A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-12 | 东南大学 | Scattered shape memory alloy seismic reduction and isolation rubber support with automatic reset function |
CN104912202B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-02-15 | 广州大学 | Shock isolation support |
CN106193752B (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-11-06 | 南京工业大学 | Combined staged yield metal damper |
CN107701647A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-16 | 陈楚贵 | A kind of automobile shock pedestal |
CN108625654A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-10-09 | 西北民族大学 | A kind of external sliding friction type rubber support combined isolation device |
CN109356023B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-01-15 | 北京工业大学 | Shock-absorbing anti-drop beam support |
CN110241937A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-17 | 海南大学 | A self-resetting lead shear damper |
CN111254989A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-09 | 南京工业大学 | Spring core high damping rubber shock insulation support |
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