CN102286698A - Plastic mold steel and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Plastic mold steel and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102286698A CN102286698A CN 201010202166 CN201010202166A CN102286698A CN 102286698 A CN102286698 A CN 102286698A CN 201010202166 CN201010202166 CN 201010202166 CN 201010202166 A CN201010202166 A CN 201010202166A CN 102286698 A CN102286698 A CN 102286698A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plastic mold steel which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.25-0.29% of C, 1.30-1.50% of Mn, 0.40-0.60% of Si, 1.20-1.50% of Cr, 0.40-0.50% of Mo, 0.02-0.05% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.15% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.15% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.020% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.012% of N and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. In the manufacture method of the plastic mold steel, a quenching and tempering heat treatment process is not used, and direct air cooling after forging is carried out, thus prehardened plastic mold steel with thickness above 600 mm and uniform hardness from core to surface is manufactured. According to the plastic mold steel disclosed by the invention, the limit that the existing non-quenched and tempered mold steel has thickness smaller than 400 mm is overcome, and the requirements of mold industries on low-cost high-quality large-sized prehardened plastic mold steel are reached.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgy industry die steel manufacturing process field, be specifically related to a kind of big specification pre-hardening plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Mould of plastics is the important process equipment of plastics forming processing industry, accounts for first of the mould industry gross output value, because its material usage is big, kind, specification are many, have formed special-purpose plastic die steel.The direction of mould of plastics forward high precision, many types of chamber, maximization develops at present, the mold cavity complexity, and the requirement on machining accuracy height, therefore high-quality mould of plastics all adopts the manufacturing of pre-hardening plastic die steel.Pre-hardening plastic die steel is just to guarantee that die steel reaches desired hardness of user and use properties by Metallurgical Factory when supplying, after the user obtains material, directly be processed into mould, no longer quench, temper just can directly be used, this class steel can be avoided quenching later in Mould Machining again, the distortion that the tempering heat treatment operation is caused, cracking, defectives such as decarburization, has good obdurability simultaneously, cutting ability and polishing performance, the dimensional precision and the ratio of performance to price, suitable manufacturing is complex-shaped, accurate mould of plastics occupies than large portion in plastic die steel market.
Current, that big specification plastic die steel product scope is the most frequently used is quenching and tempering type plastic die steel SW718H, its chemical ingredients is: 0.32～0.40%C, 0.20～0.40%Si, 1.10～1.50%Mn, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.04%, 0.25～0.40%Mo, 1.70～2.00%Cr, 0.85～1.15%Ni, all the other are Fe.
Can obviously find out from above-mentioned chemical ingredients: carbon content is 0.32～0.40% the SW718H steel, also contains alloying elements such as a certain amount of Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo in addition, and carbon content and carbon equivalent are all higher.Because steel ingot exists choosing to divide crystalline polamer in process of setting, cause each position of steel ingot to produce the composition deviation, it is the composition segregation, especially in steel ingot heart portion, positive segregation district for carbon in the steel, be the carbon content that the carbon content of position, steel ingot middle and upper part heart portion is higher than other position, so steel ingot positive segregation district carbon content is inevitable greater than 0.32%.Cause the homogeneity of cross section hardness not good thus, general section hardness difference is at 3.5HRC, and the not good meeting of the homogeneity of cross section hardness causes the smooth finish of mould poor, thereby has influenced the die forming quality.
In addition, the manufacturing technology of SW718H steel requires to carry out the durometer level that modified thermal treatment just can reach pre-hardening HRC30～HRC36 after forging and molding, soon steel moald-cavity is inserted again and is heated to 860 ℃～880 ℃ temperature in the process furnace, being incubated 8～10 hours comes out of the stove, put into large-scale quenching tank then and carry out quench treatment, when module is cooled to 150 ℃ in quenching tank after, module is inserted the insulation of carrying out 10～20 hours in 550 ℃～600 ℃ tempering stoves again and handled, coming out of the stove subsequently is cooled to room temperature.This certainly will will increase metallurgical equipment such as modified process furnace, tempering stove and quenching tank, has increased manufacturing cost, has prolonged the manufacturing process cycle of big specification die steel.
The hardness effect that will reach the pre-hardening module if wish to omit modified heat treatment step, present Technology can only be accomplished the specification that thickness 400mm is following.For example publication number be CN1224769 patent disclosure a kind of manufacture method of microalloyed plastic-mould steel, chemical ingredients is: 0.20～0.30%C, 0.10～0.60%Si, 1.70～2.50%Mn, 0.035～0.08%P, 0.01～0.04%S, 0.20～0.50%Mo, 0.05～0.20%V, 0.0005～0.0050%B, 0.0005～0.010%Ca etc.The characteristics that this patent Chemical Composition is formed are to contain higher manganese element and micro alloying element boron, increase the hardening capacity of steel by add boron in steel grade as micro alloying element, and handle by calcium and to increase its cutting ability.Though the die steel of producing according to above-mentioned patent can be used as a kind of non-modified bainite shaped steel use,, it only can use as the flat hot rolled bar product of a kind of specification less than 300mm thickness.
Yet what be used at present that the mould of plastics of automotive trim panel all adopts is the pre-hardened plastic mold steel of section thickness more than 600mm.Therefore, for many years, the technician that grinds of vast metallurgical material subject is seeking a kind of novel big specification plastic die steel of non-quenching and tempering type module always, to substitute present quenching and tempering type SW718H plastic die steel, satisfy the demand of die industry to the big specification pre-hardening plastic die steel of low-cost and high-quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof, this kind die steel adopts novel chemical ingredients proportioning, its manufacturing processed need not modified heat treatment step, directly forge the back air cooling, can make heart portion to the uniform pre-hardening plastic of surface hardness die steel, and be applicable to the big specification plastic die steel of thickness more than 600mm.
For achieving the above object, the present invention at first provides described plastic die steel chemical component weight percentage composition:
C 0.25～0.29％，
Mn 1.30～1.50％，
Si 0.40～0.60％，
Cr 1.20～1.50％，
Mo 0.40～0.50％，
Nb 0.02～0.05％，
Ni ≤0.15％，
Cu ≤0.15％，
P ≤0.020％，
S ≤0.015％，
N ≤0.012％，
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Above-mentioned following chemical components in percentage by weight design reaches following technique effect:
C:0.25～0.29%, C are to improve the hardness of steel and intensity effective elements the most, and the solution strengthening effect is remarkable, is the requisite element that guarantees can reach the required hardness that reaches of pre-hardening plastic die steel under non-quality adjustment condition; But the C too high levels then reduces the bainite transformation temperature, is unfavorable for the formation of bainite, so the present invention is limited to 0.25～0.29% with the weight percentage of C.
Si:0.40～0.60% adds Si as reductive agent and reductor in steelmaking process, the ferrite strengthening effect of Si is remarkable, and among the present invention, Si and Mo, Cr are used, and the erosion resistance of raising and oxidation resistant effect are arranged.
Mn:1.30～1.50%, Mn are good reductor and sweetening agents, and the steel that contains the general steel amount of Mn steel not only has enough toughness, and higher intensity and hardness are arranged, and can improve the hardening capacity of steel, improves the hot workability of steel; When the weight percentage of Mn is 1.30～1.50%, reduce ferritic critical transitions speed with the increase of its content is remarkable, but when the Mn too high levels, the critical speed curve tends towards stability, and can weaken the resistance to corrosion of steel, make the crystalline grain of steel alligatoring, reduce welding property.
Cr:1.20～1.50%, Cr also is the alloying element of postponing perlitic transformation strongly, among the present invention, Cr, Mn add simultaneously, effect is more obvious, more help the formation of bainite, but the Cr too high levels then reduces the bainite transformation temperature, so the present invention is limited to 1.20～1.50% with the weight percentage of Cr.
Mo:0.40～0.50%, Mo has the effect of strongly inhibited austenite to perlitic transformation, only under the situation of solid solution in austenite such effect is arranged, so Mo content is unsuitable too high, otherwise will form carbide, reduce the effect of austenite that suppress to perlitic transformation.
Nb:0.02～0.05%, as one of microalloy element, Nb can with the carbon interaction, generate small amount of N bC and also dissolve in the stability that increases steel in other alloy carbides, and tiny uniform distribution, suppress dynamic recrystallization, crystal grain thinning, thus the highly malleablized of steel is exerted an influence, can increase the hardening capacity of steel, and niobium is separated out with MC type carbide dispersion, forms the intensive age hardening effect.
Ni :≤0.15%, Ni is the element that significantly improves hardening capacity, but high-load Ni can cause suction hydrogen, so the present invention is defined as the weight percentage of Ni and is no more than 0.15%.
Cu :≤0.15%, copper can cause steel in forging process of cooling because the copper precipitated phase makes steel generation fragility change, therefore, the present invention is defined as the weight percentage of Cu and is no more than 0.15%, to prevent brittle generation.
P :≤0.020%, phosphorus increases the fragility of steel, reduces the impelling strength of steel, and the present invention is controlled at the weight percentage of phosphoric and is no more than 0.020%, can prevent to reduce the over-all properties of steel.
S :≤0.015%, element sulphur causes the deterioration of the processing characteristics of steel easily on certain degree, make steel produce overheated and burn-off phenomenon easily in hot worked process, and the weight percentage of control sulphur is no more than 0.015%, can improve the steel processing characteristics.
N :≤0.012%, to the control of N content, mainly be for fear of Nb and N combination, because NbN is more stable than NbC, easily forms and pile up, but not small and dispersed.
The present invention also provides the manufacture method of above-mentioned plastic die steel:
1), just refines, after the external refining, is cast into 25 tons～35 tons steel ingots through electric arc furnace according to above-mentioned Chemical Composition proportioning;
2) above-mentioned steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1160 ℃～1180 ℃, be incubated after 5～8 hours, steel ingot is forged, opening and forging temperature is 1100 ℃～1150 ℃, stopping forging temperature is 850 ℃～950 ℃, and forging finishes obtains forging the back module;
3) module after the above-mentioned forging is placed on naturally cools to room temperature in the air.
Control of process parameters reaches following technique effect in the above-mentioned manufacture method:
At electric arc furnace refining just and outer concise 25 tons～35 tons steel ingots that are cast into afterwards of stove: one side can satisfy the market requirement of 17 tons～24 tons of big specification plastic die steel single-piece weight, large steel ingot can obtain bigger forging compression ratio than little steel ingot on the other hand, can improve the segregation of the Chemical Composition of plastic die steel like this, improve homogeneity of structure.
Steel ingot is incubated 5～8 hours behind forge furnace internal heating to 1160 ℃～1180 ℃: can obtain best thermal distortion plasticity, help forgedly carrying out smoothly.
Forged the opening of steel ingot forged 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ of temperature, stopped forging 850 ℃～950 ℃ of temperature: forge temperature and stop forging the austenite region that the temperature controlling scope is a plastic die steel owing to open, have good high-temperature ductility and deformability, can not cause the plastic die steel cracking phenomena that in deformation process, deforms.
Forge the back module and naturally cool to room temperature in air: this processing mode is for module hardening by cooling in air after forging, and reaches rational hardness requirement.This processing method makes that plastic die steel cross section hardness is even, and need not modified heat treatment step, has reached the big specification plastic die steel prevulcanized effect of thickness greater than 600mm equally.In addition,, can fully expand hydrogen, avoid hydrogen induced cracking by this method for annealing because this steel grade ni content is very low.
The present invention has following advantage compared with prior art:
(1) the chemical ingredients proportioning is more reasonable, by adding micro alloying element Nb, alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn cooperate micro alloying element Nb that compound action takes place, and component segregation is littler, age hardening effect is better, has reached the Direct Air-Cooled sclerosis purpose of big specification plastic die steel.Specifically, this compound action is: Nb element and carbon interaction form niobium carbide NbC, and niobium carbide dissolves in multiple alloy carbide Cr again
7C
3, Mo
3In the alloy carbides such as C, and tiny, be evenly distributed in the matrix and Mn element, Ni element are formed multicarbide together to the material production compound action, these compound actions can increase the stability of material, suppress dynamic recrystallization, crystal grain thinning, the obdurability and the hardening capacity of raising steel.In addition, the microalloy element niobium is separated out with the disperse in the process of cooling of steel of MC type carbide form in steel, forms the intensive age hardening effect.
(2) the cross section uniformity of hardness of plastic die steel of the present invention is reduced to hardness difference 2.0HRC from original hardness difference 3.5HRC, has significantly promoted the use properties that big gauge steel is made mould.
(3) need not modified heat treatment step, make thickness reach prevulcanized effect equally by the mode of forging the back air cooling greater than the big specification plastic die steel of 600mm, the cross section hardness value is more than or equal to 30HRC, and cross section hardness is more even, saved the metallurgy equipment of common hardening and tempering furnace that adopts of big specification pre-hardening plastic die steel and quenching tank, save manufacturing cost, shortened the big specification plastic die steel manufacturing cycle.
Description of drawings
The metallographic microstructure comparison diagram of plastic die steel that Fig. 1 makes for the embodiment of the invention 1 and SW718H steel surface and heart portion, wherein, Fig. 1-a and Fig. 1-b are the metallographic microstructure photo of SW718H steel surface and heart portion; The plastic die steel surface that Fig. 1-c and Fig. 1-d make for embodiment 1 and the metallographic microstructure photo of heart portion;
Plastic die steel that Fig. 2 makes for the embodiment of the invention 1 and SW718H steel cross section uniformity of hardness correlation curve figure.
Embodiment
The following examples are used to specifically describe the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
The Chemical Composition weight percent of present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.28wt%, Si0.49wt%, Mn 1.44wt%, Cr 1.40wt%, Mo 0.46wt%, Nb 0.035wt%, Ni 0.13wt%, Cu 0.11wt%, S 0.003wt%, P 0.013wt%, N 0.0098wt%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
According to above-mentioned chemical ingredients proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after the external refining, be cast into 25 tons of steel ingots; Steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1165 ℃ then, is incubated 5.5 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1110 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 930 ℃ of temperature; After forging finishes, make module after the forging that thickness is 660mm; Module after the above-mentioned forging directly placed be cooled to room temperature in the air, promptly obtaining thickness is the pre-hardening plastic die steel of 660mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method is made, its cross section hardness reaches 32HRC, and hardness is even, and cross section hardness difference is HRC1.5.
Plastic die steel and SW718H steel that the foregoing description is made carry out the performance comparison detection, detect used SW718H steel and buy the SW718H module product of selling from Dongguan, Guangdong Bao Te die steel company, and detected result as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The plastic die steel that accompanying drawing 1 makes for present embodiment and the metallographic microstructure comparison diagram of SW718H steel surface and heart portion, Fig. 1-a and Fig. 1-b demonstrate SW718H steel surface and are tempered sorbite, heart portion is a bainite, and the microstructure lack of homogeneity causes the cross section hardness of steel inhomogeneous; And Fig. 1-c and Fig. 1-d demonstrate the heart portion and the surface of the plastic die steel that the present invention makes all is uniform bainite structure, and microstructure good uniformity, plastic die steel have obtained uniform cross section hardness, and performance is better.
Plastic die steel and SW718H steel cross section uniformity of hardness correlation curve figure that Fig. 2 makes for present embodiment, the inhomogeneity difference of section structure directly has influence on the cross section uniformity of hardness, as can be seen from the figure, the difference of hardness on mould steel core portion of the present invention and surface is less, and it is even that cross section hardness more becomes.
Embodiment 2
The Chemical Composition weight percent of present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.25wt%, Si0.40wt%, Mn 1.50wt%, Cr 1.20wt%, Mo 0.50wt%, Nb 0.050wt%, Ni 0.11wt%, Cu 0.12wt%, S 0.013wt%, P 0.020wt%, N 0.012wt%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
According to above-mentioned chemical ingredients proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after the external refining, be cast into 35 tons of steel ingots; Steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1160 ℃ then, is incubated 8.0 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1100 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 850 ℃ of temperature; After forging finishes, obtain module after the forging that thickness is 610mm; Module after the above-mentioned forging directly placed be cooled to room temperature in the air, promptly obtaining thickness is the pre-hardening plastic die steel of 610mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method makes, its cross section hardness reaches 32HRC, and hardness is even, and cross section hardness difference is HRC1.5.
Embodiment 3
The Chemical Composition weight percent of present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.25wt%, Si0.60wt%, Mn 1.30wt%, Cr 1.40wt%, Mo 0.44wt%, Nb 0.020wt%, Ni 0.10wt%, Cu 0.11wt%, S 0.012wt%, P 0.016wt%, N 0.009wt%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
According to above-mentioned chemical ingredients proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after the external refining, be cast into 25 tons of steel ingots; Steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1170 ℃ then, is incubated 6.0 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1120 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 880 ℃ of temperature; After forging finishes, obtain module after the forging that thickness is 620mm; Module after the above-mentioned forging directly placed be cooled to room temperature in the air, promptly obtaining thickness is the pre-hardening plastic die steel of 620mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method is made, its cross section hardness reaches 32HRC, and hardness is even, and cross section hardness difference is HRC2.0.
Embodiment 4
The Chemical Composition weight percent of present embodiment plastic die steel is: C 0.28wt%, Si0.48wt%, Mn 1.35wt%, Cr1.45wt%, Mo 0.48wt%, Nb 0.046wt%, Ni 0.09wt%, Cu 0.08wt%, S 0.010wt%, P 0.018wt%, N 0.0097wt%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
According to above-mentioned chemical ingredients proportioning, carry out that electric arc furnace just refines, after the external refining, be cast into 35 tons of steel ingots; Steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1180 ℃ then, is incubated 6.5 hours, and steel ingot is forged, and opens and forges 1125 ℃ of temperature, stops forging 950 ℃ of temperature; After forging finishes, obtain module after the forging that thickness is 610mm; Module after the above-mentioned forging directly placed be cooled to room temperature in the air, promptly obtaining thickness is the pre-hardening plastic die steel of 610mm.
Through the plastic die steel that aforesaid method is made, its cross section hardness reaches 31HRC, and hardness is even, and cross section hardness difference is HRC2.0.
Claims (3)
1. plastic die steel, its following chemical components in percentage by weight is:
C 0.25～0.29％，
Mn 1.30～1.50％，
Si 0.40～0.60％，
Cr 1.20～1.50％，
Mo 0.40～0.50％，
Nb 0.02～0.05％，
Ni ≤0.15％，
Cu ≤0.15％，
P ≤0.020％，
S ≤0.015％，
N ≤0.012％，
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. plastic die steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that structural state is a bainite.
3. the manufacture method of plastic die steel as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the steps:
1), just refines, after the external refining, is cast into 25 tons～35 tons steel ingots through electric arc furnace according to the described Chemical Composition proportioning of claim 1;
2) above-mentioned steel ingot heat-up rate with 80 ℃/hour～120 ℃/hour in forge furnace is heated to 1160 ℃～1180 ℃, be incubated after 5～8 hours, steel ingot is forged, opening and forging temperature is 1100 ℃～1150 ℃, stopping forging temperature is 850 ℃～950 ℃, and forging finishes obtains forging the back module;
3) module after the above-mentioned forging is placed on naturally cools to room temperature in the air.
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