CN102284750B - For processing the method for gear teeth, the workpiece with gear teeth and lathe - Google Patents
For processing the method for gear teeth, the workpiece with gear teeth and lathe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102284750B CN102284750B CN201110170879.0A CN201110170879A CN102284750B CN 102284750 B CN102284750 B CN 102284750B CN 201110170879 A CN201110170879 A CN 201110170879A CN 102284750 B CN102284750 B CN 102284750B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- angle
- cutter
- feeding
- deviation
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000021037 unidirectional conjugation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 claims 25
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004746 Tooth Root Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
nullThe present invention relates to a kind of method for processing gear teeth，The flank of tooth of this gear teeth geometry in particular deviation allowance to them，Wherein remove this allowance by the feeding of at least two feeding step，Each feeding step is followed by the processing stroke utilizing the molding cutter rotated around tool axis，For this operation，Relative to gear, cutter is being set according to being orthogonal to the Plane of rotation of this tool axis and the angle of inclination of Gear axis、After position，Molding cutter coordinates with gear teeth，And after each feeding step，Material in the final mating area of cutter is removed，And after last feeding step and due to by inclination angle determined by the design angle of this molding cutter，Cutter mating area extends on whole flank of tooth height，Next processing stroke can be removed as obtaining the quantity of material needed for geometry in particular，Wherein，In at least one feeding step before last feeding step，Molding cutter is set as the inclination angle deviated with the angle designed by cutter，And，Produce the cutter mating area expanded along flank of tooth short transverse compared with setting with design angle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for processing gear teeth, the flank of tooth of this gear teeth geometric form to their regulation
Shape deviation allowance, wherein utilize the feeding of at least two feeding step to remove this allowance, each feeding step
Be followed by and utilize the processing stroke (pass) of molding cutter rotated around tool axis, for this operation, molding cutter by
Be set to according to its be orthogonal to the rotating plane tilts of tool axis in the angle of Gear axis and relative to gear position it
Coordinate with gear teeth afterwards, and after each feeding step, the material in the final mating area of cutter is eliminated, and
And after last feeding step and owing to by molding cutter angle set determined by the design of molding cutter, cutter coordinates
Region extends on whole flank of tooth height so that needed for ensuing processing stroke can remove the geometry into obtaining regulation
Quantity of material.Additionally, the present invention relates to a kind of lathe being able to carry out the method, and the gear produced according to this aspect.
Background technology
This kind of method belongs to prior art, and such as discloses (Expert at Thomas Bausch et al. in specialty
Verlag) (Thomas Bausch et al. is open in specialty for " the Innovative Zahnradfertigung " that the third edition is delivered
" the Innovative Gear Wheel Manufacturing " that (Expert Publications) third edition is delivered) in retouch
State, the technique wherein describing form grinding page 534 to 537 examples as this kind of discontinuous forming method.
Figure 15 .2-1 on page 534 illustrates making of the form grinding wheel for the helical gear flank of tooth carries out grinding
With.As shown in this, the Plane of rotation of cutter tilts relative to Gear axis.The angle set being commonly used for this kind of operation is
Mate with the helical angle of gear teeth, and correspondingly become to be used for being processed with this inclination angle by the quasi spline of this cutter.But, for
Covering broader grinding path, performing processing under the inclination angle different from helical angle is also known technology, in this case
Cutter profile is designed for this machining inclination angle.
Specifically, in Figure 15 .2-5 on page 536, use with radial feed produced by three equidistant feeding steps
Example, with explain after the first time feeding step of red short transverse, the cooperation of suitable molding cutter only covers
Region at flank of tooth root, and only region at the middle arrival flank of tooth head of further feeding step.In axially side
To, the mating area of cutter extends in the whole facewidth.
In order to remove material on flank of tooth height with speed evenly, Grinding wheel becomes after each feeding step again
Type, such as explained in page 536 of referenced document.As an alternative, some Grinding wheels, the most each Grinding wheel are sequentially used
There is the profile needed for the geometry obtained for producing the flank of tooth to need in corresponding feeding step.
But, these programs need more complicated operating procedure, therefore can take more time for processing stroke, with
Reach to obtain the purpose of the geometry in particular of the flank of tooth.
Term " geometry in particular " used in patent claims means to be produced by the course of processing
Target geometry.This can be the final geometry of work gear, or it also can represent middle geometry, such as by
Geometry obtained by roughing, and final geometry is to be produced by one or more finishing step subsequently
's.Therefore, the whole flank of tooth height covered by cutter mating area after last feeding step and target geometry
Flank of tooth height correlation, the flank of tooth height of this target geometry need not but can whole with the final geometry of gear teeth
Individual flank of tooth height is fitted mutually.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problem that prior art mentioned above is intrinsic, it is an object of the invention to improve aforementioned process so that
Under conditions of spending limited manpower/time, flank of tooth height realizes material removing rate evenly.
Solving this target by improving the method for kind described in introduction further, the marked feature of the method exists substantially
In: at least one the feeding step carrying out last feeding step, molding cutter is set as and the angle designed by cutter
The inclination angle deviated, this inclination angle produces and the cutter fitting area expanded along flank of tooth short transverse compared with the setting of design angle
Territory.
The present invention based on the finding that the orientation that cutter is relative to each other with gear can be used as the degree of freedom used by feeding, with
Realize after at least one feeding step before final feeding step improve cutter mating area, and without for this to cutter
Tool carries out molding again or must use different cutters, and this orientation is generally represented by inclination angle, i.e. relative by tool axis
The angle tilted in the orthogonal plane of Gear axis represents.By more uniformly removing material, reduce and make cutter overheated
Risk, and the course of processing will not be slowed down simultaneously.
But, be not precluded from the most also can be to cutter again molding for the method according to the invention.But,
Molding again is there is not between at least one feeding step and final feeding step before whole feeding step, it means that
Impulse stroke after feeding step before at least one, this molding cutter has designed by inclination angle in final feeding step
Profile.
It is preferred that the feeding step before at least one includes the first feeding step in the course of processing.With the first processing
Cutter mating area in stroke is compared, according to this side of the present invention than the method for the prior art that stroke is relatively small subsequently
Method gives maximum value (gain right) at the very start in the course of processing.
As the rule of operation recommended, some feeding steps adjust deviation inclination angle and makes it with monotonic sequence, specifically
For be with monolone sequence close to design angle.Therefore, not only in the course of processing at the beginning but also in whole process or mistake
Journey at least some of on realize the advantage that the present invention is brought.
The method according to the invention proves the helical gear being particularly advantageous in having the helical angle being different from zero.But,
Also at least some of benefit can be realized for spur gear.
It is preferred that select deviation inclination angle according to the value at design angle and/or helical angle.Other considered parameter can
The number of teeth, pitch and pressure angle and the diameter of molding cutter including gear.Owing to cutter must be able to not become at its external boundary
Obtain narrow or the sharpest, thus design angle and the maximum deviation limit of helical angle is depended on tool diameter.
In the preferred versions of the present invention, design angle is chosen to be there is the absolute value bigger than helical angle.With for helical angle
And the cutter designed is compared, such as compared with form grinding wheel, according to the cutter of this selection at it to the flank of tooth closest to tooth root
Part carries out at the external boundary region of grinding narrower, and in the region that the face portion closest to tooth top is carried out grinding
Wider.
The value at deviation inclination angle, in said circumstances, is chosen to be less than the value at design angle by imagination.With traditional method phase
Ratio, for scraping contact, this causes less axial line distance, and less feeding became with corresponding shorter process time
For possible.
In the still yet another form of the present invention, design angle is chosen to be there is the absolute value less than helical angle.In this case,
The value at deviation inclination angle should be bigger than the value at design angle.
The present invention can be used for tangential admission.But radial feed is it is also preferred that the left radial feed also simplifies bidentate face technique
Application.
In principle, deviation inclination angle can be determined based on experience.But preferably mathematically determine deviation inclination angle.
It is particularly preferred that select to work together with the inclination angle that this step is selected optimal feeding by each feeding step
Amount.By making the amount of feeding mate in this way with inclination angle, can affect and optimize the degree that mating area expands.
When making feeding mate with inclination angle, another recommends rule of operation to be it is contemplated that determine after selecting to design angle
Relation, thereby the parameter of tooth surface geometry shape, especially two parameters depend on the controlled motion axle with cutter and/or workpiece
The parameter that line is associated, especially two parameters.Be associated with tooth surface geometry shape parameter preferably select be allowance and/
Or profile angle deviation, and for the parameter that is associated with axis of movement, preferably selecting is the parameter relevant to inclination angle and/or and feeding
The parameter that parameter is relevant, the most such as deviation inclination angle and the difference designed between angle and/or feeding parameter are to maximum possible feeding
Deviation.In profile angle deviation f defined in Deutsche industry norm (DIN) DIN3960Hα.Measure at pitch circle in the minds of such as in the facewidth and add
Spare time measures.
When making feeding mate with inclination angle, it is particularly preferred that depend on such a standard, i.e. reach to be positioned at specific
Profile angle deviation under one threshold value, specifically, profile angle deviation is wholly absent.Profile angle deviation is the least, then material goes
Remove evenly.Therefore, under conditions of profile angle deviation disappears, mating area reaches maximum.
In an embodiment especially preferably of the present invention, for determining, i.e. adjust that the mathematical routine of feeding comprises repeatedly
Algebra computing.This makes the non-linear dependencies using the above-mentioned type be possibly realized.For being determined that kth time is entered by mathematical method
To the allowance that the input quantity of step is e.g. desired after kth time tool travel.Subsequent part steps is preferable
Ground is in iterative cycles:
The relation of feeding parameter is depended on, the allowance determining with being obtained by iterative cycles before according to allowance
The amount of feeding being associated, wherein, for the first time when iteration starts is circulated, is wanted after corresponding processing stroke
The allowance realized is used as starting point；
Depend on the relation of feeding parameter according to profile angle deviation, determine with in step before determined by amount of feeding phase
The profile angle deviation of association；
Depending on the relation at inclination angle according to profile angle deviation, determine the departure to design angle, this walks relative to before
Profile angle deviation determined by Zhou and produce and there is equal amount but the profile angle deviation of contrary sign；
Depend on the relation at inclination angle according to allowance, determine in step before determined by design angular displacement relevant
The allowance correction of connection, and by deducting at it from allowance to be obtained after corresponding processing stroke
Allowance determined by front step corrects and obtains allowance, and the allowance obtained the most in this way is used as next
The basis of individual iterative cycles.
As terminating the standard of iteration, Second Threshold can be set, if thus inputted at the beginning an iterative cycles
Allowance and the allowance correction sum obtained in the cycle and the allowance inputted as iteration input quantity
Difference less than the value of Second Threshold, then terminate iteration.Second Threshold can be defined as in having such as 10-6Arithmetic precision
Form.
In some cases it is conceivable, that the coupling of feeding include to characterize tooth surface geometry shape parameter and with motion
The linearisation of dependency between the parameter that axis is associated.Therefore, the algorithm to the amount of feeding can be simplified and determine, because this equates
The equation group obtained by this linearisation is solved.
The method can be monodentate face technique, but especially, the bidentate face method with radial feed is preferably.
Additionally, in addition to external gear wheel is processed, it is also contemplated that internal gear is processed.
Additionally, in order to the most time-consuming, it is considered to use multiple cutter or appropriately designed many flank of tooth cutter same
The technique of the multiple flank of tooth of Shi Jiagong.
According to further probability, at cutter along the impulse stroke in Gear axis direction, can by tool axis and
The correction at the inclination angle between the orthogonal plane of Gear axis is superimposed upon on the tool inclination angle utilizing feeding and set.Revise available
If requiring that in such as this design the size making gear teeth changes along the direction of Gear axis, such as to produce crown.
Discontinuous forming method according to the present invention contains form grinding technique especially, but also can comprise molding hobbing.
From the perspective of equipment, the present invention provides a kind of lathe for processing gear teeth, and this lathe has the workpiece heart
Axle, cutter arbor and control unit, work arbor limits the direction of Gear axis and is designed to keep gear, cutter
The direction of mandrel definition tool axis and be designed to keep cutter, wherein cutter arbor can tilt one relative to Gear axis
Individual inclination angle, and control unit controls the axial-movement of device, additionally, lathe be essentially characterized in that the following fact: operable control
Unit processed is to perform a kind of method of form in said method, i.e. control unit is correspondingly programmed.
In this article, the present invention is also claimed a kind of computer software programs for being controlled lathe, wherein
When performing these computer software programs in the control unit of lathe, lathe is controlled by program, thus enforcement has as front
The method of described feature.
Finally, the gear with the tooth surface geometry shape produced by the method for aforementioned forms is protected by application claims
Protect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
From some descriptions to accompanying drawing, the other feature of the present invention, details and benefit meeting are it is clear that accompanying drawing
In:
Fig. 1 illustrates lathe and axis thereof,
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the setting of angle between cutter and gear,
Fig. 3 a to 3d illustrates and represents in the first embodiment of this method for the figure of the dependency according to the inventive method
Table (external gear, radial feed),
Fig. 4 a to 4d illustrates the similar chart (external gear, radial feed) for this method the second embodiment,
Fig. 5 a to 5d illustrates the similar chart (internal gear, radial feed) for this method the 3rd embodiment,
Fig. 6 a to 6d illustrates the similar chart (internal gear, tangential admission) for this method the 3rd embodiment, and
Fig. 7 a to 7d illustrates the similar chart (internal gear, tangential admission) for this method the 4th embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Lathe shown in Figure 1, the following is the description being carried out machine axes related to the present invention.At support
The right side (with reference to Fig. 1) of (machine bed) 10, work stage 6 arranges in a horizontal plane and is configured in a conventional manner
Clamping workpiece 2 (the most not shown), such as external gear.Therefore, Gear axis Z vertical orientation, this Gear axis has and axle
To the orientation that the direction of motion of balladeur train 3 (will hereinafter be described) is identical.Gear 2 will use C around the direction of rotation of Gear axis Z
Represent.
According to design known per se, being arranged on that the radial sledge 1 (seeing Fig. 1) on the left of support 10 is configured to can be relative to
Work stage 6 moves along a straight line.The motion radially occurred relative to being held on the gear 2 of work stage 6 limits radial direction
X.In an embodiment of the inventive method, the radial position of radial sledge 1 represents feeding parameter.
In radial sledge 1, axial balladeur train 3 is configured with the ability of in axial direction Z motion, and this axial direction Z
It is orthogonal to radial direction X.Axial direction Z is also the direction of Gear axis.
Another slide block mechanism is arranged on axial balladeur train 3 and has the ability tilted on this axial balladeur train 3, and should
Slide block mechanism has the balladeur train pedestal that the tangential balladeur train 9 of guiding carries out sliding, and this tangential balladeur train thus can perform another (3rd)
Linear motion.In the position shown in figure 1, tangential balladeur train 9 tilting not with respect to axial balladeur train 3 so that the fortune of tangential balladeur train
Moving axis line Y is perpendicular to X-Z plane.When tangential balladeur train 9 along inclined direction A tilts, tangential direction Y tilts z axis with inclination angle A
Orthogonal plane.Therefore, this banking motion occurs in the plane being perpendicularly to the radial direction X.
Knife rest 5 is arranged on tangential balladeur train 9, and this knife rest has the cutter arbor 7 oriented along Y-direction (tool axis), and
And be designed to keep for the cutter that the gear 2 being clamped in work stage is processed, cutter the most in the example shown
Tool is that form grinding takes turns 0 (seeing Fig. 2).Therefore, this form grinding wheel 0 is perpendicular to tool axis Y and extends so that Grinding wheel
Inclination angle between Plane of rotation and Gear axis Z tilts from the orthogonal plane of z axis (Gear axis) with tool axis Y and goes out
Inclination angle A is equal.The tool position of in tangential direction represents possible feeding parameter.Direction of rotation around tool axis is expressed as S.
If like that angle set is become and tooth in the such as discontinuous profile grinding of the helical gear tradition of dextrorotation external toothing
The helical angle coupling of the gear teeth, tangential balladeur train 9 needs for dextrorotation helical gear (such as having the helical angle of β=25 °) along Fig. 1
The rightabout of arrow A tilts, and in the situation of left-hand helical gear, then inclination angle has positive sign.
Being the another balladeur train 4 of a part for whole design equally, it has the linear motion axis Z2 for trimming device
With the rotation axis S2 of the rotary shaft for freeing wheel 8, this another balladeur train 4 is for limiting the present invention not necessarily, the most also
It is not described further.This is equally applicable to move and the line correspondence along axis X, Y, Z (Z2) around axis Z, C, S, X
The drive mechanism that rotary motion is powered, known to these drive mechanisms are to those skilled in the art.
In Fig. 2 a and 2b, under conditions of not there is machine tool component the most schematically, from two different direction of observations
Relevant axis X, Y, Z, A are shown.With the form grinding dish being in non-inclined position of dotted lines, and with the one-tenth of depicted as solid lines
A=-27 ° of type grinding disc 0 angle of inclination, for carrying out grinding to dextrorotation external toothing helical gear.
Under conditions of the machine axes so limited, the first embodiment of the present invention be will be described in further detail now.Profit
Dextrorotation external toothing helical gear (β=25 °) is processed by the discontinuous form grinding bidentate face technique with radially (X) feeding.For
The form grinding wheel that this operation is provided is designed to, in order to produce the most final tooth surface geometry shape of gear 2, this mill
Cutting to take turns needs to work with the inclination angle of-27 ° at final grinding stroke, it means that become to have absolutely by this form grinding wheel construction
To the design angle bigger than helical angle or specified angle in value, i.e. | A0| 25 °=β of=27 ° of ＞.For traditional discontinuous form grinding
For, need the form grinding wheel of this kind of structure is set as the inclination angle of-27 °, and use a series of equidistant feeding step, with
Production process is removed the allowance q existed from the flank of tooth of gear 2, such as have been described above in the preface part of the present invention.
In contrast, according to the preferred practice of the present invention, for first time feeding step, grinding disc 0 is set as
In with design angle A0Different inclination angle A, thereby obtains bigger mating area between form grinding wheel 0 and gear 2, therefore exists
Grinding stroke removes uniform quantity of material.In order to determine the inclination angle A that need to be set, in the parameter of tooth surface geometry shape with can distribute
Can the dependency of mathematical prediction to using between the parameter of the controlled motion axis of cutter and/or workpiece.Use radially X
Feeding, by allowance q and profile angle deviation FHαIt is thought of as the relevant parameter of tooth surface geometry shape, and distributes to axis of movement
Parameter by representated by angle set and feeding parameter X, and angle set states deviation inclination angle A as1(first time feeding is walked
Suddenly) and design angle A0Between differential seat angle δ A, and feeding parameter X is stated it as and is obtained by final tooth surface geometry shape
The deviation δ X of the most possible feeding.
These dependencys, other ginsengs described can be calculated for the diameter of other parameters of the one of defined group and Grinding wheel
Number is the number of teeth of such as gear teeth, modulus and pressure angle, and these dependencys show about allowance q and profile angle deviation
fHαFig. 3 a-3d in, wherein Fig. 3 a illustrates dependency q (δ X), and Fig. 3 b illustrates dependency fHα(δ X), Fig. 3 c illustrates dependency fHα
(δ A), and Fig. 3 d illustrates dependency q (δ X).Two Fig. 3 a and 3b started can be applicable to inclination angle AkWith design angle A0Equal feelings
In shape.Latter two figures 3c and 3d illustrate profile angle deviation fHαWith allowance q, and by angle of deviation A is set as with design angle
A0Deviation δ A and obtain this profile angle deviation f at last processing strokeHαWith allowance q.
According to these dependencys, determine the inclination angle A for the first feeding step now by loop iteration1And the amount of feeding
δX1, the method obtains null profile angle deviation f for initiateing out to send from oneHα, at this section start, will be at mill for the first time
The allowance q obtained after cutting stroke inputs as the input quantity for iteration.If artificially performed, then can be to iteration
First step be described below: for the allowance of q=50 μm obtained in first time grinding stroke, Fig. 3 a illustrates
Difference at the about 0.12mm between the axial line distance and final axial line distance of contact of swiping.According to Fig. 3 b, for δ X=
For 0.12mm, profile angle deviation f of about 17 μm can be expectedHα.This profile angle deviation is compensated by the change at inclination angle.For-
For the compensation profile angle deviation of 17 μm, the value illustrating inclination angle shown in Fig. 3 c must deduct about 0.13 ° relative to design angle.
But, for the lookup value of allowance that caused by this dip correction than desired value about 7 μm in Fig. 3 d.This meaning
, Grinding wheel can be positioned at the contact point that feeding is q=50+7=57 μm.But, owing to contact point should occur in q=50 μm
Feeding at, for next iterative step, axial line distance need to correspondingly reduce.Therefore, hold with less axial line distance
Continuous being iterated is circulated, until meeting the standard of sufficiently convergence, such as, if the feeding school caused by change of pitch angle
Just combine the deviation target amount of feeding less than such as 10 with the amount of feeding being associated with the axial line distance reduced-2μm specific
Threshold value.
After each feeding and processing stroke subsequently, new inclination angle can be proceeded by from the new reduction amount of feeding and follow
Ring.In this process, setting value A to inclination anglekCan be continuously close to design angle A0Motion, until by inclination angle AnIt is set as and sets
Meter angle A0Till equal final feeding step n.Therefore, the allowance obtained in the processing stroke after feeding step
qkMade desired value.This also can the most automatically occur: at four roughing strokes and a polish stroke
Remove q0The initial manufacture surplus of=100 μm, the most each stroke removes 20 μm, until obtaining final geometry.
Use radial feed, if iteration does not restrain, then design the difference between the value at angle and the value of helical angle
The most sufficiently large.Therefore, should use there is the Grinding wheel of suitably selected bigger design angular amount value.For selecting design angle A0's
Possible starting point is the angle with the middle value between helixangleβ and design maximum angle, it is contemplated that cutter is outside it
Required thickness at radius, this angle still with produce desired by the target of tooth surface geometry shape adapt.Or, can be by this
Planting maximum may being directly considered primarily to select in design angle, this design angle reduces for bigger tool diameter.
As the most extremely in the situation shown in Fig. 3 a to 3d, if the dependency in relevant range is the most inclined
Off-line sexual relationship, then iterative scheme can be replaced by a replacement scheme, wherein finds unknown quantity by solution system of linear equations.
Ω x=b,
Wherein, vector x=(δ X, δ A) represents unknown quantity, vector b=(qnom, 0) and represent desired value, and matrix value Ω11、
Ω12、Ω21、Ω22Slope corresponding in each accompanying drawing of representative graph 3a, 3d, 3b, 3c (with this order).
But, if this kind of linearisation does not represent the dependency with abundant precision, the most preferably continue above-mentioned meter
Calculation machine auxiliary iterative scheme.Even if for f in iterative schemeHαDesired value be not set to zero, but in any situation
In all little than the profile angle deviation that conventional art must be utilized to be predicted after first time grinding stroke (relatively low) threshold value, its
Advantage is still more uniformly removes material, and for the convergence range increase of iteration.
Fig. 4 a to 4d represents the dependency similar with Fig. 3 a to 3d, demonstrates and is designed for Grinding wheel at last mill
Cutting inclination angle in stroke is the situation of-20 °, is i.e. designed with the design angle of the absolute value less than helixangleβ, and this helical angle is by again
Secondary it is chosen to be 25 ° (dextrorotation external toothing helical gears).Dependency fHαThe slope of (δ X) and q (δ X) keeps not in terms of their symbol
Become, and dependency fHαThe symbol of the slope of (δ A) and q (δ A) is contrary.But, utilize grinding stroke k subsequently to be produced for calculating
Inclination angle A needed for raw each feedingkPrinciple and needed for calculate the corresponding amount of feeding principle at inclination angle keep identical.
Use tangential admission Y, it is likely that use the Tool Design angle being positioned at the interval including helixangleβ.Therefore, should
Cutter is it can also be designed for helical angle itself, the program produces less satisfactory knot for the feeding of radially X
Really.
Fig. 5 a to 5d illustrates the relevant dependency considering tangential admission for dextrorotation external toothing helical gear example, its
In:
β=25 °, design angle | A0|=27 °,
I.e. parameter shown in Fig. 3.
Finally, for having β=8.3 ° and the external gear example that absolute value is 13 ° at design angle, with accompanying drawing phase before
Similar, for the dependency of radial feed shown in Fig. 6 a to 6d, and Fig. 7 a to 7d illustrates the dependency for tangential admission.
The matcher of dA and dX (dY) as above also can perform, in this situation to each flank of tooth from allowance q0Open
Begin, till beyond 0.5mm.
Claims (33)
1., for the method processing gear teeth, the flank of tooth of described gear teeth adds spare time to their geometry in particular deviation
Amount, wherein, removes described allowance by the feeding of at least two feeding step (j), and each feeding step is followed by
Utilizing the processing stroke of the molding cutter (0) rotated around tool axis, for this kind of operation, described molding cutter (0) is relatively
It is set to be orthogonal to the rotating plane tilts of described tool axis in described gear (2) according to it in described gear (2)
After the position of the angle (A) of axis (Z), make described molding cutter coordinate with described gear teeth, and each feeding step it
After, the material in the final mating area of described cutter is removed, and after last feeding step (n) and due to by
Design angle (the A of molding cutter (0)0Molding cutter determined by) (0) angle set (An=A0), described cutter mating area exists
Extend on whole flank of tooth height so that next processing stroke can be removed as obtaining the quantity of material needed for geometry in particular,
It is characterized in that,
In at least one feeding step (k) before described last feeding step (n), described molding cutter (0) is set
For with the angle (A designed by described cutter0) inclination angle (A that deviatesk), and producing cutter mating area, described cutter coordinates
Region with described design angle (A0) setting compare, along described flank of tooth short transverse expand.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described feeding step (k) before at least one includes described
First feeding step of processing method.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that set deviation inclination angle (A) in multiple feedings step (j),
Described deviation inclination angle (A) is with monotonic sequence close design angle.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that set deviation inclination angle (A), institute in multiple feedings step (j)
State deviation inclination angle (A) with monolone sequence close to design angle.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described gear is the pure helical teeth that helical angle (β) is not equal to zero
Wheel, or spur gear (β=0).
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that according to design angle (A0) and/or the value of helical angle (β) select
Select deviation inclination angle (Ak)。
7. the method as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that by described design angle (A0) be selected on absolute value compare spiral shell
The absolute value of swing angle (β) is big.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that by deviation inclination angle (Ak) absolute value be selected to ratio design angle
(A0) absolute value little.
9. the method as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that by described design angle (A0) be selected in described angle exhausted
Less than helical angle (β) to value aspect.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that by deviation inclination angle (Ak) absolute value be selected to ratio design angle
(A0) absolute value big.
11. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described feeding step in tangential direction (Y) occurs.
12. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described feeding step radially (X) occurs.
13. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that determine deviation inclination angle (A by mathematical calculationk)。
14. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the amount of feeding (dX being used in corresponding feeding step (k)k；
Yk) with the deviation inclination angle (A being used in described feeding step (k)k) coupling.
15. methods as described in claim 13 or 14, it is characterised in that consider one to carry out mathematics to determine/mate
Relation, the parameter of the most described tooth surface geometry shape depends on relevant to the controlled axis of movement of described cutter and/or workpiece
The parameter of connection.
A kind of 16. methods as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that consider relation in order to carry out mathematics to determine/mate,
Two parameters of the most described tooth surface geometry shape depend on what the controlled motion axis with described cutter and/or workpiece was associated
Two parameters.
17. methods as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that be thought of as the parameter of described tooth surface geometry shape parameter be into
Give amount (q) and/or profile angle deviation (fHα), and the parameter being thought of as feeding parameter is described deviation inclination angle (Ak) and described design
Angle (A0Difference between) and/or the feeding parameter deviation (dX to maximum possible feeding；dY).
18. methods as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that guide described mathematics to determine/mate by following standard:
I.e. reach the profile angle deviation (f less than given first thresholdHα)。
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that guide described mathematics to determine/mate by following standard:
I.e. reach profile angle deviation (fHα) disappear.
20. methods as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that described mathematics determines the iterative step including algorithm calculations.
21. methods as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that perform following walking as the part steps of iterative cycles
Rapid:
The relation of described feeding parameter is depended on, the institute determining with obtaining due to iterative cycles before according to described allowance
State the amount of feeding that allowance is associated, wherein for the first time when described iteration starts is circulated, by corresponding
Described allowance (q to be obtained after processing strokek) it is used as starting point；
Depend on the relation of described feeding parameter according to described profile angle deviation, determine and feeding determined by step before
The described profile angle deviation that amount is associated；
Depending on the relation at described inclination angle according to described profile angle deviation, determine the departure to described design angle, this produces phase
There is equivalent but the profile angle deviation of contrary sign for described profile angle deviation determined by step before；
Depend on the relation at described inclination angle according to described allowance, determine and described design angle determined by step before
The allowance that deviation is associated, and by from the described allowance (q obtained after corresponding processing strokek)
In deduct the correction of allowance determined by step before and the allowance that obtains, obtain the most in this way is described
Allowance is used as the basis of next iterative cycles.
22. methods as described in claim 20 or 21, it is characterised in that set Second Threshold and be used as terminating current feeding step
Suddenly the standard of iteration in (k), thus when making target allowance (qk) defeated as input quantity with in iterative cycles before
The absolute value in the gap that the allowance entered and the allowance thus obtained correction sum separate is less than described Second Threshold
Time, terminate described iteration.
23. methods as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that described mathematics determine/mate include to limit the described flank of tooth
The linearisation of dependency between parameter and the parameter being associated with axis of movement of geometry.
24. methods as claimed in claim 23, it is characterised in that described mathematics determine/mate include to due to described linearly
The equation group changed and obtain carries out the process solved.
25. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described processing method is bidentate face method.
26. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that perform described processing on external gear.
27. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that perform described processing on internal gear.
28. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that utilize multiple cutter (0) or appropriately designed many flank of tooth cutter
Multiple flank of tooth of the different backlash belonging to described gear (2) are processed simultaneously.
29. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that at described cutter along the working line in described Gear axis direction
Cheng Zhong, the correction at the inclination angle (A) between the orthogonal plane of described tool axis and described Gear axis (Z) may be superimposed on,
Particular condition is be superimposed upon on the described tool inclination angle (A) utilizing described feeding and set.
30. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the processing under discontinuous forming method includes form grinding
And/or molding hobbing.
31. 1 kinds of lathes being used for adding work gear (2), described lathe has work arbor, cutter arbor and control unit, institute
Stating work arbor limit the direction of described Gear axis (Z) and be designed to keep described gear, described cutter arbor limits cutter
Having the direction of axis and be designed to keep cutter (0), wherein said cutter arbor can relative to described Gear axis (Z) just
Hand over planar tilt one inclination angle (A), and described control unit control the axial-movement of device,
It is characterized in that,
Operable described control unit is to perform such as method in any one of the preceding claims wherein.
32. 1 kinds of gears, described gear is made by the method as according to any one of claims 1 to 30.
33. gears as claimed in claim 32, it is characterised in that described gear use lathe as claimed in claim 31 and
The tooth surface geometry shape produced.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010023830.9 | 2010-06-15 | ||
| DE102010023830.9A DE102010023830B4 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2010-06-15 | Method and machine tool for machining a gearing, computer program product and gearing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102284750A CN102284750A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN102284750B true CN102284750B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
Family
ID=
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6094219A (en) * | 1983-10-26 | 1985-05-27 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Synchronized operation control device |
| DD275632A1 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-01-31 | Werkzeugmasch Okt Veb | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY POSITIONING A TOOTH LEFT OF A GEAR WHEEL |
| CN101154100A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | 中信重型机械公司 | Method for expanding work range of numerical control molded gear grinding machine |
| CN101332524A (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | Numerical control generating gear grinding machine and numerical control device thereof and driving method |
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6094219A (en) * | 1983-10-26 | 1985-05-27 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Synchronized operation control device |
| DD275632A1 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-01-31 | Werkzeugmasch Okt Veb | DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY POSITIONING A TOOTH LEFT OF A GEAR WHEEL |
| CN101154100A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | 中信重型机械公司 | Method for expanding work range of numerical control molded gear grinding machine |
| CN101332524A (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | Numerical control generating gear grinding machine and numerical control device thereof and driving method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6095259B2 (en) | Method for machining gear teeth, workpiece with gear teeth, and machine tool | |
| CN102470466B (en) | Method and tool for manufaturing face gears | |
| JP6667475B2 (en) | Gear manufacturing process, gear manufacturing equipment, computer and software | |
| JP6990502B2 (en) | How to dress tools | |
| JP7009050B2 (en) | Tool dressing method, software program and gear making machine | |
| JP7014507B2 (en) | How to manufacture a workpiece with the desired gear shape | |
| KR101386276B1 (en) | Internal gear machining method and internal gear machining device | |
| US20180326547A1 (en) | Additive manufacturing of gears | |
| CN103328145A (en) | Method for machining a workpiece and machine tool designed therefor | |
| US20170326662A1 (en) | Method for machining a set of teeth, tool arrangement, and tooth-cutting machine | |
| JP6780970B2 (en) | How to manufacture a toothed workpiece with a modified surface shape | |
| KR102619354B1 (en) | Method of producing a toothed workpiece having a modified surface geometry | |
| US11498141B2 (en) | Grinding machine with control system and method for topological grinding of gear workpieces | |
| CN107020422B (en) | Method for producing a workpiece with a modified gear geometry | |
| CN108568567A (en) | A kind of Machining Spiral Bevel Gear method based on general four-shaft numerically controlled lathe and rose cutter | |
| CN111203594A (en) | Method for grinding conical-surface gear by using disc-shaped grinding wheel | |
| Shih et al. | A flank correction face-milling method for bevel gears using a five-axis CNC machine | |
| CN109145487B (en) | Method for correcting tooth profile error of cycloidal gear and cycloidal gear | |
| CN102284750B (en) | For processing the method for gear teeth, the workpiece with gear teeth and lathe | |
| JP2000246636A (en) | Grinding worm shaping method, shaping tool and shaping device | |
| JP2017052086A (en) | Method for producing one or more workpieces | |
| JP2017052083A (en) | Method for manufacturing toothed workpiece having modified surface shape | |
| US20220331891A1 (en) | Method for producing a rotor of a screw compressor or a workpiece with a helical profile | |
| JP7299229B2 (en) | How to perform variable pitch hobbing on a steering rack | |
| KR20150032837A (en) | Method, system and apparatus for machining gearwheels |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |