The method of voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter, device and mobile terminal are set
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication terminal (being called for short, MT) technology, being related specifically to a kind of mobile terminal arranges service quality (being called for short, QoS) parameter method and device when processing voice and packet data concurrent service.
Background technology
In second generation mobile communication system, the function of MT mainly concentrates on Speech Communication, short message and simple data service, due to the restriction of air interface communication speed, Generation Mobile Telecommunication System terminal carries out voice service simultaneously and data service is almost impossible.Fig. 1 is exactly MT application model figure the most frequently used at present, and MT wherein mainly plays the effect of modulator-demodulator, and application apparatus (be called for short, TE) mainly carries out miscellaneous service, common as terminal.Certain MT also can carry the business of the support of oneself, is initiated, such as speech or data by the application module (being called for short, AP) of terminal.When Generation Mobile Telecommunication System, because air interface provides the restriction of data transmission capabilities, carrying out service concurrence does not almost have practical significance.
In 3G (Third Generation) Moblie, due to the development of mobile communication technology, the speed that air interface can carry improves a lot, (be called for short according to third generation partner program, 3GPP) at mobile communication terminal wireless access capability specification TS25.306, the requirement of version v9.1.0, (be called for short at Time division multiple access, TD-SCDMA) the descending access of the high speed uplink of network (is called for short, TD-HSPA) in, speed uplink reaches 2.24Mbps, downstream rate reaches 2.8Mbps, (be called for short at the TD-HSPA strengthened, TD-HSPA+) in, downlink transmission data rate reaches 4.2Mbps.MT is supported simple voice and packet data concurrent service becomes possibility---as speech and Data Concurrent---, that is, user can carry out data service (video or file download etc.) in communication process.
Arrive mobile communication Long Term Evolution (to be called for short, LTE) stage, the speed that air interface can provide improves a lot again, to access terminal wireless access capability specification TS36.306 requirement according to the general land of the evolution of 3GPP, even the MT of ability rating 3, downlink transmission data rate reaches 100Mbp, higher uplink bit rate reaches 50Mbps, and MT is supported simultaneously, and multiple TE equipment and the access of AP module application become possibility.
Along with the development of mobile communication technology, and people are to the demand of mobile communication business, and MT supports that voice and packet data concurrent service is imperative, and as shown in Figure 2, a kind of MT can support multiple TE simultaneously, and multiple AP module application that MT can be supported subsidiary.In mobile communication system, in order to realize various voice and packet data concurrent service, agreement and network architecture are also carried out very great improvement to meet this demand.In LTE system, Non-Access Stratum protocols TS24.301 according to the grouping system of evolution describes, a MT can support that the enhancing Packet Service bearer context of multiple acquiescence (being called for short, Default EPS Bearer Context) develops and manages simultaneously.Each default EPS Bearer Context incidentally can support that again multiple special enhancing Packet Service bearer context (is called for short, dedicated EPS Bearer Context), each special EPSBearer Context can one or more business of correspondence establishment, so in current LTE system, support the situation that the multiple different business of MT process is concurrent.In fact, in mobile communication before LTE, agreement is also support multiple service concurrence, such as (be called for short at general land mobile communication system, UTMS) in, according to core network protocols, wireless mobile layer 3 specification TS24.008 describes, a MT can set up multiple main packet data protocol and (be called for short up and down, Primary PDP Context), each main PDP Context can set up again multiple auxiliary PDP Context and (be called for short, Secondary PDP Context), each PDP Context wherein can corresponding one or multiple business.
In mobile communication business realizes, the qos parameter arranging business is an important aspect, according to the description of 3GPPTS24.008 specification and TS24.301 specification, the key parameter that QoS comprises, descending guarantee speed (is called for short, DownGBR), up guaranteed rate (is called for short, UpGBR), upstream peak speed, downlink peak rates, service priority, data transfer delay and by mistake bag code check, wherein descending guarantee speed and up guaranteed rate are the minimum requirements guaranteeing that business is normally carried out.
Hisense Company Limited is disclose a kind of method that mobile communication terminal arranges QoS of survice parameter in the Chinese patent " method of 3G mobile communication terminal Lookup protocol QoS service mass parameter " of 200510104262.3 in the patent No. that on September 30th, 2005 applies for, its main thought is that 3G business be divide into four large levels, session level, stream level, mutual level and context class, and in MT, set the design parameter of these four QoS ranks, when MT sets up business time, only need to select corresponding qos parameter according to type of service.
In this technical scheme, MT can not consider ongoing service conditions when selection qos parameter, and in mobile communication terminal design, it is independently that TE applies between the AP application on MT, the QoS ability that namely they carry out service needed only considers the demand of oneself business own, do not consider the QoS situation of other business, the service data transmission rate of the actual support of MT is not considered yet, in the application of reality, a kind of situation will be there is, a MT is carrying out one or two business, reach the upper data transmission rate that MT can support, in time having TE or AP to initiate the 3rd business, the qos parameter selected according to the 3rd service attribute is carried out business foundation by MT, and owing to being subject to the restriction of MT ability, the 3rd business must be caused to set up unsuccessfully, now, the process that MT sets up the 3rd business can cause Signalling exchange meaningless between MT and TE and network, waste terminal resource.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of mobile terminal arranges qos parameter method when processing voice and packet data concurrent service, to solve the problem of the prior art wasting of resources meaningless in business process of establishing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of method arranging voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter, comprising:
Preserve the qos parameter of upstream peak speed, downlink peak rates and all activating services can supported under MT is in current wireless access technology pattern in the terminal;
MT, when receiving TE or AP and initiating new business, first carries out the negotiation of new business qos parameter; If consult successfully, MT initiates the process of establishing of this new business; Otherwise MT refuses this new business to be set up;
After new business is successfully established, MT upgrades the qos parameter of the activating service preserved.
The qos parameter of described activating service comprises further: the upstream peak speed of all activating services, downlink peak rates, up guaranteed rate, descending guarantee speed.
Preferably, described new business qos parameter is consulted to comprise further:
Step 1, MT judge whether the up guaranteed rate of residue is more than or equal to the up guaranteed rate of new business requirement, and MT judges whether residue descending guarantee speed is more than or equal to the descending guarantee speed of new business requirement;
If above-mentioned two conditions of step 2 are all set up, MT selects an available upstream peak rate as new business less between residue upstream peak speed and the upstream peak speed required by new business; MT selects an available downlink peak rates as new business less between residue downlink peak rates and the downlink peak rates required by new business, otherwise consults unsuccessfully;
The available upstream peak rate of new business and available downlink peak rates are sent to TE or AP initiating new business by step 3, MT;
If TE or AP that step 4 initiates new business accepts this available upstream peak rate and available downlink peak rates, consult successfully, otherwise consult unsuccessfully;
Wherein, the difference of the upstream peak speed sum of the upstream peak speed that the up guaranteed rate of described residue is supported for MT and all activating services, the difference of the downlink peak rates sum of the downlink peak rates that described residue descending guarantee speed is supported for MT and all activating services, the difference of the up guaranteed rate sum of the upstream peak speed that described residue upstream peak speed is supported for MT and all activating services, the difference of the descending guarantee speed sum of the downlink peak rates that described residue downlink peak rates is supported for MT and all activating services.
Preferably, described new business qos parameter is consulted to comprise further:
Step 1, MT compare up guaranteed rate and the residue upstream peak speed of new business requirement; MT compares descending guarantee speed and the residue downlink peak rates of new business requirement;
If the descending guarantee speed that the up guaranteed rate that new business requires is greater than residue upstream peak speed or new business requirement is greater than residue downlink peak rates, then consult failure;
Otherwise MT adjusts the up and/or downlink peak rates of activating service, until remain up guaranteed rate to be more than or equal to the up guaranteed rate that new business requires, residue descending guarantee speed is more than or equal to the descending guarantee speed that new business requires;
Step 2, MT select an available upstream peak rate as new business less between residue upstream peak speed and the upstream peak speed required by new business, select an available downlink peak rates as new business less between residue downlink peak rates and the downlink peak rates required by new business;
The available upstream peak rate of new business and available downlink peak rates are sent to TE or AP initiating new business by step 3, MT;
If TE or AP that step 4 initiates new business accepts this available upstream peak rate and available downlink peak rates, consult successfully, otherwise consult unsuccessfully;
Wherein, the difference of the upstream peak speed sum of the upstream peak speed that the up guaranteed rate of described residue is supported for MT and all activating services, the difference of the downlink peak rates sum of the downlink peak rates that described residue descending guarantee speed is supported for MT and all activating services; The difference of the up guaranteed rate sum of the upstream peak speed that described residue upstream peak speed is supported for MT and all activating services, the difference of the descending guarantee speed sum of the downlink peak rates that described residue downlink peak rates is supported for MT and all activating services.
Up and/or the downlink peak rates that described MT adjusts activating service comprises further:
MT reduces upstream peak speed and/or the downlink peak rates of each activating service successively by service priority order from low to high;
Wherein, reduce activating service upstream peak speed and/or downlink peak rates to greatest extent for the upstream peak of the activating service speed after reducing is not less than the up guaranteed rate of this activating service, the downlink peak rates of the activating service after reduction is not less than the descending guarantee speed of this activating service.
Up and/or the downlink peak rates that described MT adjusts activating service comprises further:
The activating service identical to service priority, the upstream peak speed of the activating service that the difference first between reduction upstream peak speed and up guaranteed rate is larger;
The activating service identical to service priority, the downlink peak rates of the activating service that the difference first between reduction downlink peak rates and descending guarantee speed is larger.
Up and/or the downlink peak rates that described MT adjusts activating service comprises further:
MT reduces the upstream peak speed of each activating service successively according to the order from big to small of the difference between the upstream peak speed of each business and up guaranteed rate;
MT reduces the downlink peak rates of each activating service successively according to the order from big to small of the difference between the downlink peak rates of each business and descending guarantee speed;
Wherein, reduce activating service upstream peak speed and/or downlink peak rates to greatest extent for the upstream peak of the activating service speed after reducing is not less than the up guaranteed rate of this activating service, the downlink peak rates of the activating service after reduction is not less than the descending guarantee speed of this activating service.
Up and/or the downlink peak rates that described MT adjusts activating service comprises further:
The business identical to the difference between upstream peak speed with up guaranteed rate, first reduces the upstream peak speed of the low activating service of service priority;
The business identical to the difference between downlink peak rates with descending guarantee speed, first reduces the downlink peak rates of the low activating service of service priority.
The qos parameter that described MT upgrades the activating service preserved comprises further:
The upstream peak speed of each actual use of activating service after the upstream peak speed of each activating service preserved and downlink peak rates are revised as and consult by MT and downlink peak rates;
MT preserves the up guaranteed rate of new business, the upstream peak speed of descending guarantee speed and the actual use of new business and downlink peak rates.
The invention also discloses a kind of device that voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter is set, comprising:
Service Processing Unit, receives new business from TE or AP and sets up request, controls to carry out QoS of survice parameter-negotiation procedure, initiates business process of establishing, sends QoS of survice parameter to TE or AP;
Activating service QoS memory cell, for preserving qos parameter and the service priority of activating service;
Terminal wireless access capability memory cell, for preserving the upstream peak speed and downlink peak rates that mobile terminal supports under current access mode;
Residue rate calculation unit, for calculate mobile terminal current can provide residue upstream peak speed, remain downlink peak rates, remain up guaranteed rate and remain descending guarantee speed;
Speed comparing unit, the upstream peak speed that residue upstream peak speed and new business for comparing mobile terminal require, remaining downlink peak rates that downlink peak rates and new business requires, remain up guaranteed rate that up guaranteed rate and new business requires, remains descending guarantee speed that descending guarantee speed and new business requires, remains up guaranteed rate that upstream peak speed and new business requires, remains the descending guarantee speed that downlink peak rates and new business requires;
QoS of survice adjustment unit, for adjusting upstream peak speed and the downlink peak rates of each activating service.
The invention also discloses a kind of mobile terminal, comprising:
Baseband processing module, radio-frequency module, application module, and the described device that voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter is set.
In technical scheme of the present invention, MT is when receiving the new service request that TE or AP initiates, do not initiate business process of establishing immediately, but first initiate a qos parameter negotiations process to judge whether terminal can support the qos requirement of new business, and be the actual qos parameter used of new business setting, consult to initiate business Establishing process again successfully, effectively to avoid when MT scarce capacity and blindly initiate business Establishing process and Signalling exchange meaningless between MT and the TE that causes and network, the situation of waste terminal resource.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of preferred version, uplink/downlink peak rate by adjusting activating service in negotiations process increases the uplink/downlink guaranteed rate that MT can provide for new business, thus improve the success rate of new business foundation, make MT can support more service concurrence under identical limits of capacity.Improve user's impression.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is second generation mobile communication system MT application model schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the MT application model schematic diagram supporting that multi-service is concurrent
Fig. 3 is the method overview flow chart that the present invention arranges voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter
Fig. 4 is that the new business qos parameter of the specific embodiment of the invention 1 consults flow chart
Fig. 5 is that the new business qos parameter of the specific embodiment of the invention 2 and 3 consults flow chart
Fig. 6 is the structure drawing of device arranging voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter of the specific embodiment of the invention 4
Fig. 7 is a kind of mobile terminal structure schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention 5
Embodiment
For clearly demonstrating technical scheme of the present invention, providing preferred embodiment below and being described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiment 1
The application scenarios of the present embodiment is, MT is carrying out two business activated, and has saved up guaranteed rate, descending guarantee speed, upstream peak speed, the downlink peak rates of upstream peak speed UeUpPeak, downlink peak rates UeDownPeak that MT supports and ongoing two activating services; Overall procedure is as shown in Figure 3:
1, TE initiates a new business, and the qos parameter required is sent to MT;
Wherein, qos parameter comprises up guaranteed rate newUpGBR, descending guarantee speed newDownGBR, upstream peak speed newUpPeak, the downlink peak rates newDownPeak that new business requires;
2, MT carries out the negotiation of new business qos parameter, and this steps flow chart as shown in Figure 4;
201, MT calculates upstream peak speed sum TotalUpPeak, the downlink peak rates sum TotalDownPeak of all activating services, up guaranteed rate sum TotalUpGBR, descending guarantee speed sum TotalDownGBR according to the qos parameter of preserved two activating services;
202, MT judges whether UeUpPeak-TotalUpPeak is more than or equal to newUpGBR, if perform step 203, otherwise performs step 5;
203, MT judges whether UeDownPeak-TotalDownPeak is more than or equal to newDownGBR, if perform step 204, otherwise performs step 5;
204, MT judges whether UeUpPeak-TotalUpGBR is more than or equal to newUpPeak, and if so, the available upstream peak rate of setting new business is newUpPeak, otherwise the available upstream peak rate of setting new business is UeUpPeak-TotalUpGBR;
205, MT judges whether UeDownPeak-TotalDownGBR is more than or equal to newDownPeak, if, the available downlink peak rates of setting new business is newDownPeak, otherwise the available downlink peak rates of setting new business is UeDownPeak-TotalDownGBR;
206, the available upstream peak rate of the new business of setting and available downlink peak rates are sent to TE by MT;
If 207 TE accept available upstream peak rate that MT provides and available downlink peak rates, perform step 3, otherwise perform step 5;
3, the available upstream peak rate that provides using newUpGBR, newDownGBR, MT of MT and available downlink peak rates are as the corresponding qos parameter of new business, initiate new business process of establishing,
4, after new business is successfully established, MT preserves upstream peak speed and the downlink peak rates of the actual use of newUpGBR, newDownGBR of new business and new business institute, terminates this business process of establishing;
5, MT refuses new business foundation, terminates this business process of establishing.
Specific embodiment 2
The application scenarios of the present embodiment is identical with specific embodiment 1, overall procedure as shown in Figure 3:
1, the AP module of MT initiates a new business, and the qos parameter required is sent to MT;
Wherein, qos parameter comprises up guaranteed rate newUpGBR, descending guarantee speed newDownGBR, upstream peak speed newUpPeak, the downlink peak rates newDownPeak that new business requires;
2, MT carries out QoS of survice parameter negotiation, and this steps flow chart as shown in Figure 5;
201, MT calculates upstream peak speed sum TotalUpPeak, the downlink peak rates sum TotalDownPeak of all activating services, up guaranteed rate sum TotalUpGBR, descending guarantee speed sum TotalDownGBR according to the qos parameter of preserved two activating services;
202, MT judges whether UeUpPeak-TotalUpGBR is more than or equal to newUpGBR, if perform step 203, otherwise performs step 5;
203, MT judges whether UeDownPeak-TotalDownGBR is more than or equal to newDownGBR, if perform step 204, otherwise performs step 5;
204, MT judges whether UeUpPeak-TotalUpPeak is less than newUpGBR, if perform step 205, otherwise performs step 206;
205, MT is according to the priority order from low to high of activating service, reduces the upstream peak speed of activating service successively until UeUpPeak-TotalUpPeak is more than or equal to newUpGBR;
In this step, when reducing the upstream peak speed of activating service to greatest extent for the upstream peak speed of this after reducing activating service is not less than its up guaranteed rate;
The activating service identical to service priority, the upstream peak speed of the activating service that the difference first between reduction upstream peak speed and up guaranteed rate is larger;
206, MT judges whether UeDownPeak-TotalDownPeak is less than newDownGBR, if perform step 207, otherwise performs step 208;
207, MT is according to the priority order from low to high of activating service, reduces the downlink peak rates of activating service successively until UeDownPeak-TotalUpPeak is more than or equal to newDownGBR;
In this step, when reducing the downlink peak rates of activating service to greatest extent for the downlink peak rates of this after reducing activating service is not less than its descending guarantee speed;
The activating service identical to service priority, the downlink peak rates of the activating service that the difference first between reduction downlink peak rates and descending guarantee speed is larger;
208, MT judges whether UeUpPeak-TotalUpGBR is more than or equal to newUpPeak, and if so, the available upstream peak rate of setting new business is newUpPeak, otherwise the available upstream peak rate of setting new business is UeUpPeak-TotalUpGBR;
209, MT judges to adjust UeDownPeak-TotalDownGBR whether to be more than or equal to newDownPeak, if, the available downlink peak rates of setting new business is newDownPeak, otherwise the available downlink peak rates of setting new business is UeDownPeak-TotalDownGBR;
210, the available upstream peak rate of the new business of setting and available downlink peak rates are sent to AP by MT;
If 211 TE accept available upstream peak rate that MT provides and available downlink peak rates, perform step 3, otherwise perform step 5;
3, the available upstream peak rate that provides using newUpGBR, newDownGBR, MT of MT and available downlink peak rates are as the corresponding qos parameter of new business, initiate new business process of establishing;
4, after new business is successfully established, MT preserves upstream peak speed and the downlink peak rates of the actual use of newUpGBR, newDownGBR of new business and new business institute, the upstream peak speed of each activating service preserved and downlink peak rates are revised as upstream peak speed and the downlink peak rates of each actual use of activating service after consulting simultaneously, terminate this business process of establishing;
5, MT refuses new business foundation, terminates this business process of establishing.
Specific embodiment 3
The application scenarios of the present embodiment is identical with specific embodiment 1, overall procedure as shown in Figure 3:
Step 1 is identical with specific embodiment 2;
2, MT carries out QoS of survice parameter negotiation, and this steps flow chart as shown in Figure 5;
Step 201 ~ 204 are identical with specific embodiment 2;
205, MT reduces the upstream peak speed of each activating service until UeUpPeak-TotalUpPeak is more than or equal to newUpGBR from big to small successively according to each the upstream peak speed of activating service and the difference of up guaranteed rate;
In this step, when reducing the upstream peak speed of activating service to greatest extent for the upstream peak speed of this after reducing activating service is not less than its up guaranteed rate;
The business identical with the difference of up guaranteed rate to upstream peak speed, first reduces the upstream peak speed of the lower business of service priority;
Step 206 is identical with specific embodiment 2;
207, MT reduces the downlink peak rates of each activating service until UeUpPeak-TotalUpPeak is more than or equal to newUpGBR from big to small successively according to each downlink peak rates of activating service and the difference of descending guarantee speed;
In this step, when reducing the downlink peak rates of activating service to greatest extent for the downlink peak rates of this after reducing activating service is not less than its descending guarantee speed;
The activating service identical with the difference of descending guarantee speed to downlink peak rates, first reduces the downlink peak rates of the lower business of service priority;
Step 208 ~ 211 steps 5 are identical with specific embodiment 2;
Step 3 ~ 5 are identical with specific embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment 4
The present embodiment is a kind of preferred implementation arranging the device of voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter of the present invention, and structure as shown in Figure 6, comprising:
Service Processing Unit, receives new business from TE or AP and sets up request, controls to carry out QoS of survice parameter-negotiation procedure, initiates business process of establishing, sends QoS of survice parameter to TE or AP;
Activating service QoS memory cell, for preserving qos parameter and the service priority of activating service;
Terminal wireless access capability memory cell, for preserving the upstream peak speed and downlink peak rates that mobile terminal supports under current access mode;
Residue rate calculation unit, for calculate mobile terminal current can provide residue upstream peak speed, remain downlink peak rates, remain up guaranteed rate and remain descending guarantee speed;
Speed comparing unit, the upstream peak speed that residue upstream peak speed and new business for comparing mobile terminal require, remaining downlink peak rates that downlink peak rates and new business requires, remain up guaranteed rate that up guaranteed rate and new business requires, remains descending guarantee speed that descending guarantee speed and new business requires, remains up guaranteed rate that upstream peak speed and new business requires, remains the descending guarantee speed that downlink peak rates and new business requires;
QoS of survice adjustment unit, for adjusting upstream peak speed and the downlink peak rates of each activating service.
The workflow of this device is:
1, Service Processing Unit receives the upstream peak speed that new business requires, downlink peak rates, up guaranteed rate, after descending guarantee speed, control residue rate calculation unit obtains all activating services upstream peak speed from activating service QoS memory cell, downlink peak rates, up guaranteed rate, descending guarantee speed, obtain the upstream peak speed supported under current access mode of mobile terminal and downlink peak rates from terminal wireless access capability memory cell and calculate the up guaranteed rate of the current residue of mobile terminal, residue upstream peak speed, residue descending guarantee speed, residue downlink peak rates,
2, Service Processing Unit speed control comparing unit compares the up guaranteed rate of residue upstream peak speed and new business requirement, remains the descending guarantee speed of downlink peak rates and new business requirement;
If 3 remain the up guaranteed rate of upstream peak speed >=new business requirement and the descending guarantee speed of residue downlink peak rates residue downlink peak rates >=new business requirement, Service Processing Unit service control QoS adjustment unit adjusts respectively upstream peak speed and/or the downlink peak rates of activating service, until remain the up guaranteed rate of upstream peak speed >=new business requirement and remain the descending guarantee speed that downlink peak rates remains downlink peak rates >=new business requirement; Otherwise Service Processing Unit refusal new business is set up;
4, Service Processing Unit speed control comparing unit compares the upstream peak speed of residue upstream peak speed and new business requirement, remains the downlink peak rates of downlink peak rates and new business requirement; And speed less in upstream peak speed residue upstream peak speed and new business required is as available upstream peak rate, in the downlink peak rates require residue downlink peak rates and new business, less speed sends to as available downlink peak rates TE or AP initiating new business;
If 5 TE or AP accept this available upstream peak rate and available downlink peak rates, Service Processing Unit initiates new business process of establishing;
6, after new business is successfully established, Service Processing Unit uses upstream peak speed and downlink peak rates to be saved in activating service QoS memory cell by actual for the up guaranteed rate of new business, descending guarantee speed and new business institute, meanwhile, the upstream peak speed of each activating service preserved according to the adjustment results modification of QoS of survice adjustment unit and downlink peak rates.
Specific embodiment 5
The present embodiment is the preferred implementation of a kind of mobile terminal of the present invention, and terminal structure signal as shown in Figure 7, comprising:
Baseband processing module; Application module; Radio-frequency module; And the device that voice and packet data concurrent service qos parameter is set described in specific embodiment 4.
Wherein, the management devices of described quality of service and terminal capability is for managing whole mobile terminal service Establishing process.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.