CN102278572B - Machine body for crank circular sliding block mechanism, combustion engine and compressor thereof - Google Patents
Machine body for crank circular sliding block mechanism, combustion engine and compressor thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102278572B CN102278572B CN 201110189964 CN201110189964A CN102278572B CN 102278572 B CN102278572 B CN 102278572B CN 201110189964 CN201110189964 CN 201110189964 CN 201110189964 A CN201110189964 A CN 201110189964A CN 102278572 B CN102278572 B CN 102278572B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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Abstract
The invention provides a machine body for a crank circular sliding block mechanism. The machine body is shaped as a cube and is provided with a crank passing hole, a horizontal channel and a vertical channel with the axle wires thereof mutually vertical and crossed into a point. The horizontal channel is provided a horizontal runway integrally formed with the machine body. The machine body also comprises a separately manufactured vertical runway. The vertical runway, arranged on the machine body through a first location structure at the upper opening of the vertical channel of the machine body, comprises an upper positioning ring and guide rail strips. The upper positioning ring is a circular ring arranged on the upper part of the vertical runway. The guide rail strips consist of two oppositely arranged long strip-shaped narrow rails, which are hanging downwards from the upper positioning ring. The first location structure consists of a circular hole at the upper opening of the vertical channel of the machine body, and a positioning surface at the bottom inner edge of the circular hole. The inner diameter of the circular hole is matched with the outer diameter of the upper positioning ring in dimension. According to the machine body, the manufacture process is simplified and the cost is reduced. The invention also provides a combustion engine and a compressor using the machine body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to circular slider-crank mechanism, particularly relate to a kind of body for circular slider-crank mechanism, the present invention relates to internal-combustion engine and the compressor that uses above-mentioned body simultaneously.
Background technique
The motion of conventional engines is connecting rod.Under this motion, the to-and-fro motion of piston need to pass to bent axle by connected connecting rod, and in movement process, connecting rod makes piston be subject to the periodicity lateral force that changes with higher-order function along with the motion do swing back and forth of piston.
Because the existence of connecting rod, there are the shortcomings such as bulky, heavy, that balance quality is poor in the connecting rod internal-combustion engine, in order to address these problems, Chinese patent literature CN85100358B discloses a kind of " crankshaft circular slide block reciprocating piston internal combustion engine ", the characteristics of this internal-combustion engine are to have cancelled connecting rod, the smooth block that employing has eccentric circular hole matches with the piston assembly of particular design, realizes that the straight reciprocating motion of piston is to the conversion that rotatablely moves.
Take above-mentioned patent documentation as the basis, Chinese patent literature CN1067741C discloses a kind of " crank and double-round slide reciprocating piston internal combustion engine ".This internal-combustion engine adopts the mode of piston and dynamic balance slide block pairing, and both move at the to-and-fro motion track that is 90 degree layouts respectively, mutually overcome point alive between piston and the dynamic balance slide block, can avoid adopting gear mechanism to overcome the impact of point on mechanism's life-span of living; Simultaneously, the motion of piston and dynamic balance slide block makes a concerted effort to form the centrifugal force that points to the crank pin center from crankshaft center, is convenient to carry out balance, makes this mechanism can reach desirable dynamic balancing effect.The problem of this mechanism is, has distance L along crankshaft center line between described piston and the dynamic balance slide block, makes both form moment of flexure at bent axle, makes the whole mechanism can't complete equilibrium.
In Chinese patent literature CN1144880A, a kind of three circular sliding block mechanisms are then disclosed, this mechanism adopts three reciprocating motion elements to form the reciprocating motion element group, the to-and-fro motion track of three reciprocating motion elements is mutually vertical, the quality of the reciprocating motion element in the middle of wherein being positioned at is the quality sum of other two reciprocating motion elements, and the quality of the smooth block that the reciprocating motion element in the middle of being arranged in is installed is the quality sum of smooth block that is installed in the reciprocating motion element on both sides.Three smooth blocks formation circular slider set that interfixes, the smooth block homophase that wherein is positioned at both sides is installed, and the smooth block in the middle of being positioned at and the smooth block of both sides are installed with 180 ° of phase differences.The eccentric opening of above-mentioned three smooth blocks is enclosed within on the same crank pin.In the said mechanism, all to-and-fro motion inertial force finally can synthesize a rotating inertia force, are convenient to realize balance by balancing component is set.And, because middle reciprocating motion element is set to just to make whole mechanism can not form moment of flexure on bent axle in the neutral position of the reciprocating motion element of both sides dimensionally, that is to say that in theory, this structure can realize completely counterbalance effect.But the good dynamic balancing effect of this mechanism depends on the middle reciprocating part of its setting, and whole mechanism is too complicated, and has increased the quantity of reciprocating motion element, needs to increase the length of crank pin, causes axis rigidity to reduce.In addition, the manufacture cost of machine also significantly increases, and reliability also descends to some extent.For requiring the less machine of size, can not adopt said mechanism.
For addressing the above problem, the claimant has proposed to adopt the circular slider-crank mechanism that only has two reciprocating motion elements of three smooth blocks formation.The schematic representation of a possibility form of this mechanism only illustrates the main movement members such as piston, smooth block as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 among the figure.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in this mechanism, comprise a two-way ram A and a single action piston B, wherein, an intermediate space C in the middle of the guide portion of two-way ram A is positioned at is divided into first row guide portion I and secondary series guide portion II two row; The guide portion of single action piston B then passes from the intermediate space C of the guide portion of described two-way ram A.All be provided with circular slider accommodation hole on the first row guide portion I of described two-way ram and secondary series guide portion II, like this, cophasing is installed left smooth block D, right smooth block E on two-way ram A; On the guide portion of single action piston B, settled middle circle slide block F to be 180 ° mode with above-mentioned left smooth block D and right smooth block E phase place, above-mentioned three smooth blocks interfix, and consist of three circular slider set.
By said mechanism, just in the circular slider-crank mechanism that adopts two reciprocating parts, use three circular slider set, thereby can obtain the advantage of three circular slider set, effectively reduced again the complexity of whole mechanism simultaneously.Said mechanism also has other form, for example, single action piston is designed to double-row type; Perhaps two pistons are two-way ram, and one of them is double-row type, and another one is single-column type.
In order to make above-mentioned circular slider-crank mechanism normal operation, it is extremely important to design the body that is appropriate to said mechanism.This body not only needs to support for above-mentioned motion provides effective motion, and wishes that it is relatively simple for structure, and is easy to manufacture, can effectively reduce manufacture cost like this.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of body for circular slider-crank mechanism, this body can provide effective support for having two circular slider-crank mechanisms with the reciprocating part of vertical-horizontal relation layout, and this housing construction is simple, and is easy to manufacture, and cost is low.
The present invention further optimization technological scheme provides a kind of body for two circular slider-crank mechanisms with the reciprocating part of vertical-horizontal relation layout that have that adopt three circular sliding block mechanisms to realize especially.
The present invention further optimization technological scheme, further more integrated assisting agencies on this body also are in order to further reduce weight/power ratio or the specific volume index of whole equipment.
The present invention provides internal-combustion engine and the compressor that uses above-mentioned body simultaneously.
The invention provides a kind of body for circular slider-crank mechanism, the body of this body is cube, the mutual square crossing in medial axis is set on this body passes through hole, horizontal channel, vertical passage in the bent axle of a bit; Described bent axle runs through the fore-and-aft direction of this body body by the hole, is used for passing bent axle; Described horizontal channel is used to the reciprocating motion element of horizontal arrangement that reciprocating orbit space is provided, and described vertical passage is used to vertically arranged reciprocating motion element that the orbit space of vertical motion is provided; On the described horizontal channel, be provided with the level runway that is wholely set with the body body, as the to-and-fro motion guide rail of the reciprocating motion element of horizontal motion; This body also comprises a vertical runway of making separately, and this vertical runway is placed on the body by the first position structure of the upper shed position of the vertical passage of above-mentioned body body, and the to-and-fro motion guide rail of up-and-down movement element is provided for body; Described vertical runway comprises top positioning ring, guide rail bar; Described top positioning ring is the annulus that is arranged on this vertical runway top, and described guide rail bar is two long strip narrow gauges that are oppositely arranged that described top positioning ring hangs down; Described the first position structure is the locating face that is positioned at the circular hole of body body vertical passage upper shed position and is positioned at this edge, circular hole bottom, the outside dimension of the top positioning ring of the internal diameter size of this circular hole and described vertical runway matches, and described vertical runway obtains the location by the locating face on top positioning ring frame edge in described circular hole bottom.
Preferably, the guide rail bar bottom of described vertical runway arranges tapped hole, and corresponding position arranges positioning hole on the body body, and both cooperate, and is this vertical runway location by screw.
Preferably, described level runway is double column structure, and the gap width between the two row level runways is enough to insert the guide rail bar of the described vertical runway of independently making.
Preferably, the level runway lower surface that is positioned at the bottom at described body body is provided with the oil pump mounting structure; One oil pump of independently making is installed in this position by this oil pump mounting structure.
Preferably, be provided with respirating tube elbow attachment hole at described body body, this attachment hole is communicated with body inner chamber and outside.
The present invention provides a kind of internal-combustion engine simultaneously, and this internal-combustion engine uses the described body for circular slider-crank mechanism of above-mentioned any one technological scheme.
The present invention provides a kind of compressor simultaneously, and this compressor uses the described body for circular slider-crank mechanism of above-mentioned any one technological scheme.
Body for circular slider-crank mechanism provided by the invention, its body is cube, be provided with the medial axis at body and mutually be vertically intersected on three passages of a bit, be respectively bent axle by hole, vertical passage and horizontal channel, wherein, bent axle is used for settling bent axle by the hole, and vertical passage is used to the reciprocating motion element of vertical motion that tracks is provided, and the horizontal channel provides tracks for the reciprocating motion element of horizontal motion.Wherein, the level runway that arranges in the horizontal channel and body body are wholely set, and vertical runway is then made separately, and are placed on the body body by the first position structure that is arranged on the vertical passage upper shed.Above-mentioned housing construction makes the design of two runways of horizontal and vertical easy, flexible, can not produce complicated processing structure.
Above-mentioned body is specially adapted to adopt the circular sliding block mechanism with two mutual vertically arranged reciprocating motion elements of three circular sliding block mechanisms realization.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, described level runway is double-row type, and the gap between two row is enough to the guide rail bar by the vertical runway of making separately; Said structure makes vertical runway and level runway mutually intersect at the middle part, the circular slider-crank mechanism of the two reciprocating motion elements realized with three smooth blocks that can be good at supporting background technology department to divide and mention.This body is not owing to there is complicated especially structure, and the manufacturing of the vertical runway of making especially separately is very simple, effectively reduces manufacture difficulty, has reduced manufacture cost.
In the further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the supplementary structures such as oil pump placement hole and resuscitation apparatus pipe bend attachment hole are set at body also, these structures have further improved the level of integration of body, are conducive to improve specific mass and the specific volume index of whole mechanism.
Description of drawings
The structure principle chart of the circular slider-crank mechanism that Fig. 1 provides for background technique;
The structure principle chart of the circular slider-crank mechanism that Fig. 2 provides for background technique;
One of stereogram of the body body that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Two of the stereogram of the body body that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The stereogram of the vertical runway of making separately that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The body that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention has been installed the stereogram behind the described vertical runway;
The stereogram of the body that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention, this figure can see the bottom surface of body;
Stereogram behind the body fitting machine oil pump that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Please referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, above-mentioned figure is the stereogram of two different amount of the body of the body that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in the figure, the body body T of this body is cube, and three mutual square crossings in medial axis is set in the passage of any on it, is respectively that bent axle passes through hole 1, horizontal channel 2, vertical passage 3.
Described bent axle is used for passing bent axle by hole 1, and its direction that runs through body body T is called the fore-and-aft direction of body, and this bent axle arranges front main bearing hole 1-1 and rear min bearing hole 1-2 by the two ends in hole 1 and the position of body body T front-back handing-over.Described front main bearing hole 1-1 arranges the front-end face that protrudes body body T and the front boss 4-1 that passes above-mentioned front main bearing hole 4-1, this front boss 4-1 is used for prolonging the support distances of front main bearing hole 1-1, outer side surface at above-mentioned front boss 4-1, rib 5-1 between some front-end faces that are connected to front boss 4-1 side and body body T is set, to strengthen the intensity of this position.Same, described rear min bearing hole 1-2 is provided with the ear end face that protrudes body body T and the rear boss 4-2 that passes above-mentioned rear min bearing hole 4-2 equally, this rear boss 4-2 is used for prolonging the support distances of rear min bearing hole 1-2, outer side surface at above-mentioned rear boss 4-2, rib 5-1 between some ear end faces that are connected to rear boss 4-2 side and body body T is set, to strengthen the intensity of this position.On above-mentioned front boss 4-1 and above-mentioned rear boss 4-2, some annular lightening holes 6 are set also.
Described horizontal channel 2 is used to the reciprocating motion element of horizontal arrangement that the orbit space of horizontal motion is provided.The extension direction of horizontal channel 2 is the left and right directions of body body T.Shown in the figure, be provided with the level runway 2-1 that is wholely set with body body T in this horizontal channel 2, this level runway 2-1 is that the extension direction is consistent with horizontal channel 2 along the thin strip shape body of the aperture surface setting of described horizontal channel 2.This level runway 2-1 is symmetrical arranged at upside and the downside of described horizontal channel 2, and the horizontal channel 2 of each side includes two row, have gap 2-1-1 between two row, the gap 2-1-1 of upside and downside lays respectively at most significant end and the least significant end of described horizontal channel 2.The end face that is positioned at the level runway 2-1 of upside also arranges the locating face 2-1-2 of promising vertical runway 7 location.
Described vertical passage 3 is used to vertically arranged reciprocating motion element that the orbit space of vertical motion is provided as shown in the figure.Extend along the above-below direction of body its medial axis, vertical and intersect at a point by the medial axis of hole 1, horizontal channel 2 with above-mentioned bent axle.Can find out from Fig. 3, Fig. 4, in this vertical passage 3 of body body T, runway is not set.
Please referring to Fig. 5, this illustrates vertical runway 7, and this vertical runway 7 is a part of making separately.This vertical runway 7 comprises top positioning ring 7-1, guide rail bar 7-2.Described top positioning ring 7-1 is the annulus that is arranged on these vertical runway 7 tops, two the long strip narrow gauges being oppositely arranged of described guide rail bar 7-2 for hanging down from described top positioning ring 7-1, and its aperture surface is vertical runway.The width of described guide rail bar 7-2 can be by the gap 2-1-1 of level runway 2-1.Also illustrate among the figure, the guide rail bar 7-2 bottom of this vertical runway 7 arranges tapped hole 7-2-1.
Please referring to Fig. 4, as known in the figure, the upper shed position of described vertical passage 3, the circular hole 3-1 that an internal diameter matches with described top positioning ring 7-1 external diameter is set, edge in the bottom of this circular hole 3-1, then have locating face 2-1-2 and other special locating face 2-1-2 that arranges of the end face that is arranged on described level runway 2-1, above-mentioned locating face 2-1-2 and circular hole 3-1 are referred to as the first position structure.By this first position structure, the described vertical runway of making separately 7 can be fixed in the described vertical passage 3.
Please referring to Fig. 6, this figure is that vertical runway 7 has been installed to the complete body in the body body.Shown in the figure, the guide rail bar 7-2 of described vertical runway 7 inserts by the gap 2-1-1 that is positioned at level runway, the top positioning ring 7-1 of described vertical runway 7 then is placed among the circular hole 3-1 of upper shed position of described vertical passage 3, and its bottom end face is supported by described locating face 2-1-2.The tapped hole of described guide rail bar 7-2 bottom, then corresponding with the tapped hole 3-2 that is positioned at vertical passage 3 bottoms, guide rail bar 7-2 bottom can be fixed with described vertical 3 the internal face gone to by screw.
Please referring to Fig. 7, this figure can find out the bottom surface of described body body T.The level runway 2-1 lower surface that is positioned at the bottom at described body body T is provided with the oil pump mounting structure; Specifically be separately positioned on a pair of internal thread boss 2-1-1 on the two row level runway 2-1, by above-mentioned internal thread boss 2-1-1, the oil pump of independently making can be installed.Fig. 8 illustrates the body that the oil pump 9 of independently making has been installed.
Please referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, above-mentioned figure also illustrates, and is provided with respirating tube elbow attachment hole 8 at described body body T, and this respirating tube elbow attachment hole 8 is arranged on the wall of body body T, is communicated with inner chamber and the outside atmosphere of body.This position is used for settling the respirating tube elbow, by the respirating tube elbow, the body inner chamber is communicated with outside atmosphere, avoids the air pressure of body inner chamber too high, affects complete machine and normally moves.
Said engine oil pump mounting structure and respirating tube elbow attachment hole 8 are integrated on the body as accessory structure, can effectively improve specific mass and the specific volume of complete machine.
The body that above-described embodiment is provided is used for internal-combustion engine, then can obtain to use the embodiment of the internal-combustion engine of this body.
The body that above-described embodiment is provided is used for compressor, then can obtain to use the embodiment of the compressor of this body.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. body that is used for circular slider-crank mechanism, the body of this body is cube, arrange on this body the mutual square crossing in medial axis in any bent axle by hole, horizontal channel, vertical passage; Described bent axle runs through the fore-and-aft direction of this body body by the hole, is used for passing bent axle; Described horizontal channel is used to the reciprocating motion element of horizontal arrangement that reciprocating orbit space is provided, and described vertical passage is used to vertically arranged reciprocating motion element that the orbit space of vertical motion is provided; It is characterized in that, on the described horizontal channel, be provided with the level runway that is wholely set with the body body, as the to-and-fro motion guide rail of the reciprocating motion element of horizontal motion; This body also comprises a vertical runway of making separately, and this vertical runway is placed on the body by the first position structure of the upper shed position of the vertical passage of above-mentioned body body, and the to-and-fro motion guide rail of up-and-down movement element is provided for body; Described vertical runway comprises top positioning ring, guide rail bar; Described top positioning ring is the annulus that is arranged on this vertical runway top, and described guide rail bar is two long strip narrow gauges that are oppositely arranged that described top positioning ring hangs down; Described the first position structure is the locating face that is positioned at the circular hole of body body vertical passage upper shed position and is positioned at this edge, circular hole bottom, the outside dimension of the top positioning ring of the internal diameter size of this circular hole and described vertical runway matches, and described vertical runway obtains the location by the locating face on top positioning ring frame edge in described circular hole bottom.
2. the body for circular slider-crank mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the guide rail bar bottom of described vertical runway arranges tapped hole, and corresponding position arranges positioning hole on the body body, and both cooperate, and is this vertical runway location by screw.
3. the body for circular slider-crank mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described level runway is double column structure, and the gap width between the two row level runways is enough to insert the guide rail bar of the described vertical runway of independently making.
4. the body for circular slider-crank mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the level runway lower surface that is positioned at the bottom at described body body is provided with the oil pump mounting structure; One oil pump of independently making is installed in this position by this oil pump mounting structure.
5. the body for circular slider-crank mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with respirating tube elbow attachment hole at described body body, and this attachment hole is communicated with body inner chamber and outside.
6. an internal-combustion engine is characterized in that, uses the described body for circular slider-crank mechanism of the claims 1-claim 5 any one.
7. a compressor is characterized in that, uses the described body for circular slider-crank mechanism of the claims 1-claim 5 any one.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 201110189964 CN102278572B (en) | 2011-07-07 | 2011-07-07 | Machine body for crank circular sliding block mechanism, combustion engine and compressor thereof |
RU2013130986/06A RU2591981C2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Crank mechanism with round slide back-sliding part, engine unit, as well as internal combustion engine and compressor |
ES11846356.1T ES2609450T3 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Mechanism of circular sliding block of connecting rod and alternating organ, cylinder block, internal combustion engine and compressor |
BR112013013955-2A BR112013013955B1 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | circular crank sliding mechanism, alternative part, engine block, and internal combustion engine, compressor |
PCT/CN2011/002038 WO2012075680A1 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Crank circular sliding block mechanism and reciprocating member, cylinder block, internal combustion engine, and compressor |
JP2013541180A JP6084163B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Crank circular slider mechanism, reciprocating part, engine block, internal combustion engine, and compressor |
EP11846356.1A EP2650502B1 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Crank circular sliding block mechanism and reciprocating member, cylinder block, internal combustion engine, and compressor |
US13/991,557 US9593579B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Crank circular sliding block mechanism and reciprocating member, cylinder block, internal combustion engine, and compressor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN 201110189964 CN102278572B (en) | 2011-07-07 | 2011-07-07 | Machine body for crank circular sliding block mechanism, combustion engine and compressor thereof |
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CN102278572A CN102278572A (en) | 2011-12-14 |
CN102278572B true CN102278572B (en) | 2013-01-16 |
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CN 201110189964 Expired - Fee Related CN102278572B (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-07-07 | Machine body for crank circular sliding block mechanism, combustion engine and compressor thereof |
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Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103437903B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2017-04-05 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | A kind of crankcase, combination body and the equipment using the combination body |
CN103603784B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-04 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Slush pump, crankcase, combination body and apply the equipment of this combination body |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3345436A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-06-20 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization, Campbell | CHANNEL AND SLOT ARRANGEMENT FOR A PAIR OF NEXT CYLINDERS |
CN102003519A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-04-06 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | T-shaped crank round sliding block mechanism, internal combustion engine and compressor |
CN102072038A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-05-25 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Machine body, and compressor and internal combustion engine using same |
CN102102597A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2011-06-22 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Internal combustion engine block and internal combustion engine applying block |
-
2011
- 2011-07-07 CN CN 201110189964 patent/CN102278572B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3345436A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-06-20 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization, Campbell | CHANNEL AND SLOT ARRANGEMENT FOR A PAIR OF NEXT CYLINDERS |
CN102003519A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-04-06 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | T-shaped crank round sliding block mechanism, internal combustion engine and compressor |
CN102072038A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-05-25 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Machine body, and compressor and internal combustion engine using same |
CN102102597A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2011-06-22 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Internal combustion engine block and internal combustion engine applying block |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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附图1-5. |
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