CN102277531A - Steel for wheels of rapid transit railway vehicles - Google Patents
Steel for wheels of rapid transit railway vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- CN102277531A CN102277531A CN 201110232165 CN201110232165A CN102277531A CN 102277531 A CN102277531 A CN 102277531A CN 201110232165 CN201110232165 CN 201110232165 CN 201110232165 A CN201110232165 A CN 201110232165A CN 102277531 A CN102277531 A CN 102277531A
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Abstract
The invention provides steel for wheels of rapid transit railway vehicles, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.45 to 0.70 percent of C, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of Mn, 0.01 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.002 to 0.03 percent of P, 0.005 to 0.04 percent of Al, 0.0005 to 0.003 percent of O, 0.0005 to 0.004 percent of Ca and the balance of Fe. The steel for the wheels also comprises 0.006 to 0.015 mass percent of S. And in a smelting process, Ca modification treatment is performed on impurities. The steel has the advantage of high fracture toughness.
Description
Technical field
This belongs to used for high-speed railway steel technical field, particularly a kind of high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material.
Background technology
The planning of high-speed railway and construction are the great foundation workss that is related to the Chinese national economy long term growth.As one of core technology of High-speed Wheel railway development, high speed train wheel has become present ten minutes urgent task with the research work of steel.Compare with magnetic levitation technology, the difficult point and the emphasis of development High-speed Wheel railway technology are the safe in utilization and work-ing life that how to guarantee wheel track under the high-speed cruising condition.
Usually the train that travelling speed is surpassed 200km/h calls bullet train in the world.Result of study shows, after travelling speed surpasses 120km/h, and the dynamic conditions generation noticeable change of train, noticeable change also takes place in the working conditions of wheel.Wheel plays effects such as carrying, transferring power and braking in train operation.Raising along with train running speed, wearing and tearing aggravation between wheel and the rail, and in the braking procedure of bullet train, produce a large amount of heat of friction, aggravated the Problem of Failure that wheel and rail cause because of tired, peel off etc., bring great hidden danger for the safe operation of bullet train, even security incident takes place, increased the railway cost of overhaul simultaneously.High Speed Trains in Germany was overstepped the limit in 1998, caused the heavy accident of the death of people more than 100, and its cause is exactly the repeated stress failure of wheel.Therefore various countries develop and produce new high speed train wheel and rail material one after another for adapting to the demand of train high-speed cruising.
In early time the standard from various countries, the material that is used to produce wheel mainly is a medium and high carbon steel, is main strengthening element with Si, Mn.At aspect of performance, the U.S. so requirement is not strict, only hardness is had requirement, and the standard of China and USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) is relatively strict to performance demands owing to be freight car wheel mainly.
States such as the method in Japan and Europe, moral are representing the highest level of current high-speed rail technology, and the wheel shape of high speed wheel all has light-weighted characteristics, but have bigger difference selecting for use of wheel material.Japan's high speed wheel material is a high-carbon carbon steel, and European high speed wheel material is the non-alloying steel of middle carbon.From intensity, STY80-2R and R7 are the steel of two kinds of different intensity grades.The foreign study person had once measured the fracture toughness property of these two kinds of wheels, the K of STY80-2R
IC(0 ℃)＜50MPam
1/2, and the K of R7 room temperature
IC≈ 75MPam
1/2,-60 ℃～-20 ℃ K
ICBe stabilized in 60MPam
1/2More than.These data show that the anti-brittle failure ability of R7 is significantly higher than STY80-2R.This shows that Japanese high speed wheel adopts the high strength technological line, the high tenacity technological line is adopted in Europe.
Standard evolution from iso standard and Ri Ou, wheel Development of Materials trend is to be developed to low-carbon microalloyed direction by original medium and high carbon steel, the original material of intensity and hardness ratio slightly reduces, but toughness improves, and improvement along with process for making and technology, the cleanliness factor of material also increases, various studies show that, and novel material can improve to the damage-resistant of wheel.
Early stage wheel (comprising the Shinkansen) the material therefor STY80 of Japan is the high carbon steel of carbon containing 0.60～0.75%, decrease performance for improving the cracking resistance of wheel when the high-speed cruising, the worker of Japan has developed carbon drop and has added the V steel, is referred to as V2 steel (SVTY75-2R), and composition sees Table 2.The content of carbon has been dropped to 0.55% by original about 0.65%, added 0.18～0.21% V.The impact of this kind steel is referred to as V2 steel (SVTY75-2R), and composition sees Table 2.The content of carbon has been dropped to 0.55% by original about 0.65%, added 0.18～0.21% V.The impact characteristics of this kind steel and fracture toughness property value significantly improve, and cracking resistance is decreased performance than STY80 steel height.
In order to integrate with iso standard, the JIS standard of the whole rolling wheel before Japan revised in 1998.In this standard, modification to material property is less, but there has been bigger change the composition aspect to material, carbon content has been stipulated 6 steel grades stage by stage from 0.46%～0.77%, from this variation change of Japan on the wheel material uses as can be seen, the content that promptly reduces carbon carries out microalloying, under the situation of intensity that reduces material slightly and hardness, improve the toughness of material, thereby the cracking resistance that improves material is decreased performance.
Europe has proposed employing low-carbon microalloy formed material very early as wheel-use steel material, and the content of carbon is based on middle low-carbon (LC), and wherein ER7 and ER8 are called 1 class steel, are mainly used in the wheel of speed per hour 200km, ER7 steel especially, the steel grade that is widely used.For improving the peeling resistance of wheel, China has also produced the wheel that is used for the 200km/h train with reference to ER7 steel (as R7T), and its peeling resistance is than good with the CL60 steel.
1998, French Valdunes company developed a kind of new steel grade, and carbon content is lower than above steel grade, and its lower value has only 0.42%, and breakdown point is about 886Mpa, and the breakdown point scope of R8T is 860～980Mpa, and both are more or less the same; But the ballistic work of new steel grade is 24J, than big many of the 15J of R8T.Its result of study shows that the steel of carbon containing 0.42% can make the life-span of wheel prolong three times.This steel also just rests on experimental stage, is not formally used but for various reasons.
But, one of extremely important technical indicator that the fracture toughness property of wheel material is moved as evaluate safety, in order to guarantee the operating safety of bullet train to greatest extent, which kind of, all the toughness of material especially fracture toughness property level should be passed judgment on as important examination performance no matter adopt technical thought.Fracture toughness property has obtained extensive studies as the critical index of rail vehicle solid wheel safety Design.Since the sixties in 20th century, find that the increase of impurity content has a strong impact on the fracture toughness property of rail vehicle solid wheel, fracture toughness property is significantly reduced, the content of impurity elements such as strict usually control O, S, P in the traditional railway vehicle solid wheel steel production process, under modern smelting condition, S content even be lowered to below the 10ppm.And along with bullet train operation speed per hour breaks through 300km, the security that wheel is moved is that fracture toughness property is had higher requirement especially.Along with to non-metallic inclusion and the interactional further investigation of matrix, find that an amount of raising of S element can improve the fracture toughness property of Wheel Steel and then the expansion of delay fatigue crackle to a certain extent.Consider that fracture toughness property is one of performance of exosyndrome material prevention crack propagation equally, the beneficial effect that the S element brings fracture toughness property also receives increasing concern.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material, use the wheel of the high-speed railway vehicle of this steel manufacturing to have good fracture toughness property.
Wheel-use steel material chemical ingredients mass percent of the present invention is: C:0.45%-0.70%, Si:0.1%-0.5%, Mn:0.6%-0.9%, Cr:0.01%-0.3%, P:0.002%-0.03%, Al:0.005%-0.04%, O:0.0005%-0.003%, Ca:0.0005%-0.004%, surplus is Fe; It is characterized in that this wheel-use steel material also comprises S:0.006%-0.015% in mass, and in smelting process, inclusion is carried out the Ca modification and handle.
The present invention is preferred, and C content is: 0.55%-0.68%; Si content is: 0.2%-0.4%; Mn content is: 0.7%-0.8%; Cr content is: 0.01%-0.2%; P content is: 0.005%-0.02%; Al content is: 0.005%-0.04%; O content is: 0.0005%-0.002%; Ca content is: 0.0005%-0.003%.
The present invention also provides a kind of wheel of high-speed railway vehicle, makes by forging and rolled iron material, uses above-mentioned steel to make.
Preferably, described high-speed railway vehicle is the above motor train unit train of speed per hour 200km.
Use steel of the present invention to make the high-speed railway vehicle wheel, can significantly improve the fracture toughness property of wheel, and then the germinating of delay fatigue crackle and expansion, the security that wheel moves improved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the microstructure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2: the microstructure of Comparative Examples 1.
Fig. 3: the microstructure of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 4: the microstructure of Comparative Examples 2.
Inclusion (the MnS+Al of Fig. 5: embodiment 1
2O
3Complex inclusion).
The inclusion of Fig. 6: embodiment 1 (MnS).
Fig. 7: the inclusion (Al of Comparative Examples 1
2O
3).
Fig. 8: the inclusion (Al of Comparative Examples 1
2O
3+ CaO complex inclusion).
The impact property contrast of Fig. 9: embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1.
The impact property contrast of Figure 10: embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2.
Figure 11: the macrofracture of the fracture toughness specimen of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Figure 12: the macrofracture of the fracture toughness specimen of Comparative Examples 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Chemical ingredients with the mass percent note is: C:0.55%, and Si:0.29%, Mn:0.72%, Cr:0.18%, P:0.007%, S:0.006%, Al:0.022%, O:0.0010%, Ca:0.0005%, surplus is Fe; In smelting process inclusion being carried out the Ca modification handles.Use above-mentioned steel to make the wheel of rail vehicle.
Comparative Examples 1:
A kind of steel comprises with the quality note: C:0.55%, and Si:0.27%, Mn:0.72%, Cr:0.16%, P:0.006%, S:0.001%, Al:0.032%, O:0.0010%, Ca:0.0005%, surplus is Fe; Described steel is carried out the Ca modification to inclusion and is handled in smelting process.Use above-mentioned steel to make the wheel of high-speed railway vehicle.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of steel comprises with the quality note: C:0.66%, and Si:0.29%, Mn:0.82%, Cr:0.09%, P:0.015%, S:0.015%, Al:0.038%, O:0.0006%, Ca:0.0029%, surplus is Fe; Described steel is carried out the Ca modification to inclusion and is handled in smelting process.Use above-mentioned steel to make the wheel of high-speed railway vehicle.
Comparative Examples 2:
A kind of steel comprises with the quality note: C:0.68%, and Si:0.38%, Mn:0.71%, Cr:0.04%, P:0.012%, S:0.001%, Al:0.020%, O:0.0012%, Ca:0.0027%, surplus is Fe; Described steel is carried out the Ca modification to inclusion and is handled in smelting process.Use above-mentioned steel to make the wheel of high-speed railway vehicle.
The composition of embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1 is basic identical, is not both a little higher than Comparative Examples 1 of S content of embodiment 1 significantly; The composition of embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2 is basic identical, is not both a little higher than Comparative Examples 2 of S content of embodiment 2 significantly.Four kinds of steel have all been carried out Ca modification processing to inclusion in smelting process, wheel shaping and thermal treatment process are identical.Method is as follows:
The smelting of Wheel Steel material and continuous casting: the wheel of require producing has high-cleanness, high and high evenness, T[O]＜15ppm, [H]＜2.0ppm, [N]＜70ppm, [S], [P]＜0.015%, category-B be mingled with＜and 1 grade, there is not tangible macrosegregation.On the basis of selected and baking raw material, strengthen the refinery practice technology, develop effective deoxy technology, vacuum-treat technology and efficiently protect placing, prevent to increase in the casting process hydrogen, nitrogen pick-up and secondary oxidation.Optimize the continuous casting process technology of secondary cooling system, form the high evenness continuous casting technology.
The forging of wheel and rolling: in conjunction with the high-temperature mechanical behavior and the microstructure evolution rule of high speed wheel material, optimize the hot formed technology controlling and process of wheel spreading process, realize structure refinement and homogenizing under the wheel pressure rolling attitude, for the final thermal treatment of wheel provides favorable tissue to prepare.
The thermal treatment of wheel (tread quenches and tempering): the military service operating mode of high-speed railway has determined that the wheel material necessarily requires to have higher intensity and toughness, especially heat resistanceheat resistant damage and break resistance.The thermal treatment of wheel is the final key link that obtains good over-all properties, the structural state and the mechanical property that can obtain to satisfy the demands by rational heat treatment.Simultaneously, heat treating regime also should be considered to form certain stress at wheel tread, to satisfy the needs of wheel tread anti-fatigue performance.
EN13262:2004 obtains mechanical test, structure observation and fracture toughness specimen according to high speed wheel product European standard.The fracture toughness specimen size is according to GB/T 4161-2007, and compact tension specimen (CT) sample is adopted in this test, and thickness is 30mm, and breach is a chevron.Tension specimen is of a size of Ф 10 * M16, test room temperature tensile property.Impact specimen is of a size of 10 * 10 * 55, V-arrangement and U-shaped breach, test series temperature shock merit.The structure observation sample adopts the corrosion of 3% nitric acid alcohol after mechanical grinding and polishing.And adopt scanning electron microscope (SEM) to carry out non-metallic inclusion to sample and observe and energy spectrum analysis, to determine the kind of inclusion.
Structure observation: the 35mm place sampling under tread to embodiment 1,2 and Comparative Examples 1,2, observe the metallographic structure of four kinds of Wheel Steels.The tissue of two kinds of test steel after tread quenching+tempering is perlite+a little ferrite or minute quantity ferritic structure, shown in Fig. 1-4.As can be seen from the figure, the microstructure of embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1 is basic identical, and the microstructure of embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2 is basic identical.
Non-metallic inclusion: the non-metallic inclusion that exists in four kinds of steel is analyzed, and the result is shown in Fig. 5-8.The result shows that the inclusion of embodiment 1 mainly contains two kinds, and a kind of is with Al
2O
3Or Al
2O
3Other oxide compound such as+CaO is the complex inclusion of the MnS+ oxide compound of core formation, and another kind is independent MnS inclusion, and inclusion situation and the embodiment 1 of embodiment 2 are similar, have independent MnS inclusion or the oxide coated complex inclusion of MnS.All there are two kinds of oxide inclusion in Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2, and a kind of is pure Al
2O
3Inclusion presents angular, and its sharp corner easily produces bigger stress concentration, sees Fig. 7.Another kind is the composite oxides inclusion, and its characteristics are that nodularization takes place after Ca handles, and form Al
2O
3The complex inclusion of+CaO is seen Fig. 8.
Main strengthening element such as C, Si, Mn, Cr is in same level in the chemical ingredients of strength property: embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1, through identical manufacturing process, tensile property is basic identical, main strengthening element such as C, Si, Mn is in same level in the chemical ingredients of embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2, through identical manufacturing process, tensile property is basic identical, the results are shown in Table 1.As seen the tensile property of embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1 Wheel Steel does not have notable difference, and the tensile property of embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2 Wheel Steels does not have notable difference.
The tensile property of table 1 test wheel
Impact property:, be carbon content and be about 0.55% medium and high carbon steel material, as shown in Figure 9 for embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1.From V-notch-20 ℃ ballistic work, the ballistic work of embodiment 1 wheel reaches 14.2J, the 10J that surpasses the EN13262:2004 standard-required, also be significantly higher than Comparative Examples 1 wheel, aspect the tough crisp invert point of U5 type notch shock, the invert point of embodiment 1 wheel significantly is lower than Comparative Examples 1 wheel, shown the impelling strength level that embodiment 1 is good.
For embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2, be carbon content and be about 0.68% high carbon steel material, as shown in figure 10, from the tough crisp invert point of U5 type notch shock, the invert point of embodiment 2 wheels significantly is lower than Comparative Examples 2 wheels, compare with Comparative Examples 2, shown the impelling strength level that embodiment 2 is good.
Fracture toughness property: table 2 shows that when S content was brought up to 60ppm by 10ppm, medium and high carbon steel (0.55% steel) fracture toughness property value was by 56MPa.
2√ m brings up to 93MPa.
2√ m, the fracture toughness property of high carbon steel (0.68% steel) is by 47MPa.
2√ m brings up to 77MPa.
2√ m.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the fracture toughness property macrofracture of embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1.The inclusion that exists in Comparative Examples 1 and the Comparative Examples 2 all belongs to the oxide inclusion of hard, has bigger stress field around inclusion, is easy to generate germinating and expansion that stress concentration promotes crackle.And the S content among embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 all is higher than Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2, form the complex inclusion that soft MnS coats, rigid oxide inclusion is not directly contacted with the matrix of steel, thereby stop or delay the crack initiation and the expansion of matrix, improve the fracture toughness property of matrix.Illustrate that the S content that suitably improves in the metallic substance helps the obvious improvement of fracture toughness property.
The fracture toughness property of table 2 embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1, embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2 relatively
Claims (9)
1. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material, wheel-use steel material chemical ingredients mass percent is: C:0.45%-0.70%, Si:0.1%-0.5%, Mn:0.6%-0.9%, Cr:0.01%-0.3%, P:0.002%-0.03%, Al:0.005%-0.04%, O:0.0005%-0.003%, Ca:0.0005%-0.004%, surplus is Fe; It is characterized in that this wheel-use steel material also comprises S:0.006%-0.015% in mass, and in smelting process, inclusion is carried out the Ca modification and handle.
2. the steel that is used to make the high-speed railway vehicle wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described C content is: 0.55%-0.68%.
3. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that described Si content is: 0.2%-0.4%.
4. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that described Mn content is: 0.7%-0.8%.
5. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that described Cr content is: 0.01%-0.2%.
6. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that described P content is: 0.005%-0.02%.
7. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described Al content is: 0.005%-0.04%.
8. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that described O content is: 0.0005%-0.002%.
9. high-speed railway vehicle wheel-use steel material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described Ca content is: 0.0005%-0.003%.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104254631A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-12-31 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel for vehicle wheel |
| CN104498828A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Rolled steel solid wheel for railway wagons and wheel steel and production method thereof |
| CN106521315A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-22 | 钢铁研究总院 | High strength and high toughness heavy haul train wheel steel and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN109680122A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-04-26 | 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 | A kind of hub bearing steel and its manufacturing method |
| CN116397167A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-07-07 | 安阳钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Cold-rolled steel strip for measuring tape and production method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104254631A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-12-31 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Steel for vehicle wheel |
| CN104254631B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-08-24 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Wheel-use steel material |
| US9850560B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2017-12-26 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel for wheel |
| CN104498828A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Rolled steel solid wheel for railway wagons and wheel steel and production method thereof |
| CN106521315A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-22 | 钢铁研究总院 | High strength and high toughness heavy haul train wheel steel and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN106521315B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-06-19 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of high-intensity and high-tenacity heavy haul train wheel-use steel material and its heat treatment method |
| CN109680122A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-04-26 | 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 | A kind of hub bearing steel and its manufacturing method |
| CN109680122B (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-09-22 | 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 | Steel for hub bearing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN116397167A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-07-07 | 安阳钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Cold-rolled steel strip for measuring tape and production method thereof |
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