CN102276111A - Optimally combined treating method for micro-polluted water sources - Google Patents
Optimally combined treating method for micro-polluted water sources Download PDFInfo
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- CN102276111A CN102276111A CN 201110151824 CN201110151824A CN102276111A CN 102276111 A CN102276111 A CN 102276111A CN 201110151824 CN201110151824 CN 201110151824 CN 201110151824 A CN201110151824 A CN 201110151824A CN 102276111 A CN102276111 A CN 102276111A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimally combined treating method for micro-polluted water sources. The method comprises the steps of: making source water enter a preozonation contact tank by way of a water intake pumping house for pretreatment; adding alum into the water with ozone pretreatment in a mixing tank so as to undergo a mechnical mixing treatment; subjecting the mechanically mixed water to a folded-plate flocculation reaction in a flocculation reaction tank; conducting horizontal-flow precipitation to the folded-plate flocculated water in a horizontal-flow precipitation tank; carrying out an ozone treatment to the horizontal-flow precipitated water further in an ozone contact tank; conducting biological active carbon filtration to the ozone treated water first in a combined filter tank in an upward flow manner, then carrying out sand filtration in a combined filter tank; storing the water from the carbon filtration and the sand filtration after chlorination, and delivering the water into urban pipe networks by a water delivering pumping house. According to the water quality of micro-polluted water sources and the water quality requirements for water supply, the method of the invention conducts optimum combination to the common processes of pretreatment, conventional treatment and advanced treatment so as to improve the supplied water quality and guarantee the household water consumption security.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water-treatment technology field, specifically on the basis to traditional water treatment process and the analysis of modern advanced treatment process, be optimized a kind of drinking water treatment novel method that combines.
Technical background
The water-purifying process of China waterworks is the old technology of continuing to use before 100 years of tradition: former water-coagulation-precipitation-filtration-sterilization-confession life is drunk, and this technology is mainly removed turbidity and bacterium according to the design of II class source quality.Through century-old Economic development, a large amount of sanitary sewages and trade effluent is unprocessed or the non-point pollution that only just continues discharging and vast Rural areas to use agrochemicals such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals that surface water is caused unreasonably to natural water body through simple process all causes the aggravation of water environment pollution, the source quality of tap water constantly descends, and the water source of II class water quality is seldom seen in general river.
On the other hand, along with the raising of development and national economy, living standards of the people and the continuous progress of water technology, people are also more and more higher to the requirement of drinking-water quality.On December 29th, 2006, the CNS committee and the Ministry of Health unite and have issued new edition " drinking water sanitary standard " (GB5749-2006), and, former 1985 editions " drinking water sanitary standards " have been replaced simultaneously (GB5749-85) in formal implementation the on July 1st, 2007.Indicator for Drinking Water Quality in the new standard increases to 106 by 35 of primary standard, has strengthened the requirement to aspects such as organism, microorganism and sterilizations.
In the face of various organic pollutants, conventional water treatment process can not guarantee the requirement that drinking-water quality stably is up to state standards comprehensively.And the improvement of whole water environment pollution and water correction need long time, and the treatment process that therefore improves water purification plant just seems particularly important.
Because the limitation of tap water conventional treatment process, advanced treatment process is used more and more general, and wherein ozone-biological activated carbon obtains domestic and international widespread use because of it has oxidation, absorption and biological degradation comprehensive action concurrently.
Ozone-BAC process is the major technique of domestic and international at present feedwater advanced treatment.When source quality is the III time-like, need increase ozone-BAC process, the water quality after the processing can reach standard-required; Work as NH
4+Also need increase pre-treatment during-N＞3mg/L.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: the treatment process that a kind of micro polluted source optimum combination is provided, this treatment process is according to micro polluted source water quality and water supply quality requirement, in conjunction with both at home and abroad in the way that promotes aspect the water quality, pre-treatment, conventional processing and advanced treatment process commonly used are optimized combination, to improve quality of water supply, ensure urbanite water consumption safety.
Technical solution of the present invention is that this treatment process may further comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment: source water enters pre-ozone contact tank through the water intaking pump house and carries out pre-treatment;
(2) mechanically mixing: the pretreated water of ozone adds alum and carries out the mechanically mixing processing in mixing pit;
(3) folded plate flocculation: the water after the mechanically mixing carries out the folded plate type flocculation reaction in flocculation tank;
(4) advection sedimentation: the water behind the folded plate flocculation carries out advection sedimentation in rectangular sedimentation tank;
(5) ozonize: the water behind the advection sedimentation further carries out ozonize in ozone contact tank;
(6) carbon filter and sand filtration: the water after the ozonize carries out bioactive carbon according to the upward flow mode earlier and filters in the combination filter tank, carry out sand filtration again in the combination filter tank subsequently;
(7) sterilization: the water chlorination after carbon filter and the sand filtration;
(8) store: the water that added chlorine enters clean water basin and stores, and guarantees disinfecting time on the one hand, regulates the balance of system water and service discharge on the other hand, and the water of the clean water basin of flowing through is sent into urban pipe network by the conveying pump room;
(9) muddy water is handled: the muddy water in folded plate flocculation horizontal sedimentation tank and combination filter tank enters equalizing tank, enters sludge thickener again and concentrates, and the mud after concentrating is stored by storage basin, after the water extracter room transport outward after being dehydrated into mud cake.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, compare with the advanced treatment process that has used, the present invention has cancelled the second lift pump house between conventional processing and the advanced treatment, reduces the head loss between structures, and energy efficient reduces running cost, and operation is simple and easy;
2, adopt mechanically mixing, good mixing effect, head loss is less, the influence that mixed effect is not changed by the water yield substantially;
3, adopt horizontal sedimentation tank and gac quartz sand combination filter tank to combine, stable, easy to operate;
4, first charcoal filter back sand filtration can effectively prevent biological the leakage, ensures effluent quality safety;
5, adopt the upward flow activated carbon filtration, head loss remains on 40cm in 30 days, and following littler to the head loss of stream activated carbon filtration than what use always, the cycle of operation is long, saves the back flushing water yield;
6, upward flow biological activated carbon filter, its microorganism is evenly distributed in the charcoal layer, and quantity is big, and is active high, compares down to the stream biological activated carbon and can remove 5-10% COD more
Mn, improve activated carbon treatment efficient;
7, the water (flow) direction of biologic active carbon filtration, following by normal use to the streamed upward flow form that changes into, make gac be in swelling state all the time, increased the specific surface area of gac, the back charcoal layer height that expands is higher than down to stream charcoal layer, improved duration of contact, the biological action effect of biological activated carbon is risen, improved removal effect micro-content organism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the equipment layout synoptic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the folded plate flocculation pond synoptic diagram of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the rectangular sedimentation tank synoptic diagram of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the combination filter tank synoptic diagram of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Be example with city economic and technological development zone water factory below, further specify technical solution of the present invention with specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, embodiment can not be interpreted as it is restriction to technical solution; Wherein, raw water quality essential characteristic: useless Huanghe water, the water source abundant water, water quality is except that part index number exceeds standard, and all the other indexs all reach national surface water III class standard, by the detection case to 29 conventional indexs, total nitrogen is for a long time about IV-V class, the algae long-term existence, the smelly and flavor of water is unusual sometimes, also exists the organic pollution of little pollution simultaneously; Wherein, effluent quality requires: effluent quality requires to reach " drinking water sanitary standard " standard (GB5749-2006); Water factory always schemes layout and follows the layout compactness, reduce the length of water factory's floor space and pipe connecting (canal), be convenient to operational administrative, pipe connecting between each structures (canal) is simple, short prompt, avoid flyover as far as possible, construction, maintenance is convenient, buildings arrange to note towards and wind direction, production area and living quarters separate, and the integrity of work is built up under the rational principle of back integral layout long term in the recent period, take into account simultaneously under the condition of Huaian economic and technological development zone water factory land used red line of reply, according at present useless the Yellow River condition of water quality, determine that water purification plant intends adopting technical solution of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) pre-treatment: source water enters pre-ozone contact tank through the water intaking pump house and carries out pre-treatment;
(2) mechanically mixing: the pretreated water of ozone adds alum and carries out the mechanically mixing processing in mixing pit;
(3) folded plate flocculation: the water after the mechanically mixing carries out the folded plate type flocculation reaction in flocculation tank;
(4) advection sedimentation: the water behind the folded plate flocculation carries out advection sedimentation in rectangular sedimentation tank;
(5) ozonize: the water behind the advection sedimentation further carries out ozonize in ozone contact tank;
(6) carbon filter and sand filtration: the water after the ozonize carries out bioactive carbon according to the upward flow mode earlier and filters in the combination filter tank, carry out sand filtration again in the combination filter tank subsequently;
(7) sterilization: the water chlorination after carbon filter and the sand filtration;
(8) store: the water that added chlorine enters clean water basin and stores, and sends into urban pipe network by the conveying pump room;
(9) muddy water is handled: the muddy water in folded plate flocculation horizontal sedimentation tank and combination filter tank enters equalizing tank, enters sludge thickener again and concentrates, and the mud after concentrating is stored by storage basin, after the water extracter room transport outward after being dehydrated into mud cake.
1. hybrid mode is selected: mixing is the important measures that make the coagulating agent that adds be spread in water body rapidly and make elimination of colloid stability, good mixing consumes reducing medicine, the raising flocculating effect has great role, effective hybrid mode commonly used has: mechanically mixing and tubular static mixer mix, because tubular static mixer is moved the water yield and is changed, impact effect, shortcomings such as head loss is bigger, the mechanically mixing good mixing effect, head loss is less, the influence that mixed effect is not changed by the water yield substantially, the present invention adopts mechanically mixing.
2. the flocculation sediment form is selected: the flocculation form of domestic employing can be divided into machinery and waterpower two big classes substantially, the waterpower flocculation has dividing plate again, flap, grizzly bar, various ways such as grid, the machinery flocculation has flocculating effect preferably, the influence that the velocity slope of its flocculation process is not changed by flooding velocity can, but increased mechanical means, maintenance load is big, in the form of multiple waterpower flocculation, through putting into practice for many years and investigating, the effect of folded plate flocculation is more stable, can be in the variation of endoadaptation raw water turbidity in a big way, the application of particularly parallel many single passage flap arrangements, have more the characteristics that the water yield changes that adapt to, therefore, the present invention adopts folded plate flocculation.
3. precipitation forms is selected: precipitation (clarification) pond shape is more, as horizontal sedimentation tank, the swash plate tube settler, accelerator etc., because accelerator list pond processing power is unsuitable excessive, therefore when water factory is larger, will make the pond number too much, bring management inconvenience, also increased floor space, the swash plate tube settler is because inclined tube (plate) consumption material is many, and is easily aging, need periodic replacement, expense is higher, and horizontal sedimentation tank is strong to raw water turbidity adaptability, and sedimentation effect is stable, convenient operation and management, amount of consumption of drugs is general also lower, and the pond body structure is simple, and the bigger ability of taping the latent power is arranged, therefore, the present invention adopts horizontal sedimentation tank.
4. the selection of spoil disposal water treatment system: the mud of water purification plant is mainly derived from flocculation sedimentation tank spoil disposal water and filtering basin backwashing water, the concentrated drying and other treatment of water purification plant's spoil disposal water is comparatively general abroad, owing to be subjected to the restriction of economic condition, near the unprocessed natural water body of water factory that directly is disposed to of the mud of domestic most of waterworkss, cause certain pollution to physical environment, along with country to the attention of environment protection and improving constantly to environmental requirement, and the enhancing of people's environmental consciousness, the sludge concentration desiccation of water purification plant is handled problems and will be placed on the agenda; The waste water that discharges in water factory's production process, its pollutent is owing to be concentrated in the water purification process, concentration exceeded several times even tens of times more originally, according to requirement on environmental protection, the present invention adopts the sludge concentration and dewatering system, and filter back washing water and sludge from sedimentation tank water are carried out the sludge concentration and dewatering processing; The nature drying bed is a kind of easier, adopt mud dewatering method widely, rely on infiltration, three kinds of modes such as evaporation and skim remove moisture, few to the spoil disposal number of times, the place weather condition are good, the guaranteed water purification plant of land used, in maintenance management with all be very favorable a kind of sludge treatment mode economically, natural mummification weak point is that operating performance is subjected to the weather factor affecting bigger, and floor space is big, big to surrounding environment influence, sanitary condition is relatively poor, easily water surrounding is caused secondary pollution etc., and mechanical means dehydration floor space is little, the level of automation height, sanitary condition is good, and operating performance is stable, more and more receives user's concern in recent years; Water factory's spoil disposal water technology and system form various ways, mainly contain merging treatment process and two kinds of difference treatment process at filter tank recoil waste water and sludge from sedimentation tank water, though handle respectively and can reduce mud handling capacity, conserve water resource expense, but newest research results shows at present, may contain three in the filter tank recoil waste water and cause material, appearance along with the tap water new standard, more and more higher to water quality requirement, therefore, the present invention adopts sludge from sedimentation tank water and filter back washing waste water to merge treatment process; The spoil disposal water solid content of waterworks settling tank generally only is 0.2～1.0%, need after concentrating, to dwindle sludge volume, mud after will concentrating again is sent to subsequent technique and carries out sludge dewatering, usually require the solid content of thickened sludge to reach more than 3%, to satisfy the needs that sludge dewatering machinery carries out sludge dewatering expeditiously, mud commonly used concentrates, dewatering type has gravity to concentrate, mechanical dehydration and machinery concentrate, two kinds of mechanical dehydrations, it is a kind of depositing technology in essence that gravity concentrates it, belong to compression precipitating, higher before concentrating owing to sludge concentration, support contacts with each other between the particle, after concentrating beginning, under the particulate action of gravity of upper strata, water in the lower floor particle gap is extruded the interface, closelyr crowded mutually between the particle, by this crowded and compression process, sludge concentration further improves, thereby realize that mud concentrates, gravity concentrates, the advantage of mechanical dehydration mode is the volume that concentration basin has significantly reduced needs dewatered sludge, effectively reduce water extracter quantity, facility investment is saved greatly, reduce power consumption, dewatered sludge concentration is more even, make water extracter stable, its shortcoming is to build concentration basin, civil engineering costs is higher, floor space is bigger, and machinery concentrates, the mechanical dehydration mode is just the opposite, can cancel concentration basin, save floor space, reduce civil engineering costs, but owing to need the dewatered sludge amount big, concentration is low and inhomogeneous, cause thickening device processes ability drop, quantity increases, thereby cost of equipment improves greatly, power consumption increases, and mud cake solid content instability, in sum, gravity concentrates, the technical machinery that is better than of mechanical dehydration mode concentrates, the mechanical dehydration mode, gravity concentrates, mechanical dehydration mode civil engineering costs is higher, but cost of equipment is lower, total expenses is lower than machinery and concentrates, the mechanical dehydration mode, increase floor space though gravity concentrates, adopted the high-density concentration basin to improve the effective desilting area of concentration basin, saved land used, do not need extra expropriation of land, therefore, the present invention adopts gravity to concentrate, the mechanical dehydration mode is carried out thickening to mud and is handled.
5. advanced treatment is selected: serious day by day along with pollution of waterhead, in order to overcome the deficiency of conventional treatment process, satisfy the water quality standard for drinking water requirement improve constantly, on the basis of conventional treatment process, carry out one of selection that deep purifying become the waterworks again; Activated carbon technology can effectively solve problem such as organic contamination and stink in the water, thereby improves tap water chemistry and microbial safety, and it is as an important channel of deep purification for tap water at present; What the difference in activated carbon filter and common filter tank mainly was that filtrate adopts is gac, gac is a kind of through gasification (carbonization, activation), cause flourishing space, make the black solid material of skeleton structure with carbon, the flourishing space of gac, cause it very big surface-area to occur, has the good adsorption characteristic, the adsorption of gac is meant that pollutant in water is in activated carbon surface enrichment or spissated process, its reason that produces absorption is that this power is the intermolecular a kind of more weak interaction force that exists in the material aggregation state owing to have reactive force (being adsorptive power) between intermolecular and intramolecular bond and the key; In water treatment, the principal element that influences charcoal absorption has: solubleness, association, the ionization of solute in water, coordinate influence on the water-water reactor interface, gac is to the gravitation of solute, gac is to the gravitation of water, the competitive adsorption of each solute on the interface, the interaction between each solute, co-adsorption or the like; Gac can be removed the part organic micro-pollutants in the former water, and common removal organism has: humic acid, foreign odor, colourity, agricultural chemicals, hydro carbons organism, organic chloride, washing composition etc.; In addition, gac has has good adsorptive power to mutagenic matter and chlorination mutagen precursor, can further reduce the mutagenesis activity of water outlet; Moreover, gac also can be removed part inorganic pollutant in the water, as heavy metal, chlorine residue, prussiate, radioactive substance, ammonia nitrogen etc.; The present invention is directed to useless the Yellow River water quality characteristics, select the upward flow charcoal absorption to handle; The main design parameters of activated carbon filter has: duration of contact, thickness of filter bed and filtering velocity; The duration of contact of active carbon layer is relevant with water quality treatment, organic concentration height in the former water, and duration of contact, the adsorption effect of long more gac was good more; For guaranteeing effluent quality, the empty bench grafting of the present invention time of touching adopts 15min more; In addition, the gac filtering layer is thick more, and during identical filtering velocity, removal effect is good more; But running cost is also big more with investment, and carbon layer depends on former aqueous nature (mainly being organism kinds, quantity), filtering velocity, quality of activated carbon, purging method etc.; The biological activated carbon adsorption tank adopts the upward flow filter form, the design filtering velocity is 12m/h, charcoal bed thickness 2.5m, particle diameter d=0.3～0.6mm, nonuniformity coefficient K=1.35, gravel particle diameter D=2～4,4～8,8～16mm, gravel supporting course thickness 0.45m, gas flushing, gas flushing intensity 60m are adopted in the back flushing of charcoal absorption pond
3/ h.m
2, cleaning procedure is: stop into water earlier, reduce water level to set absolute altitude, stop water outlet, gas towards 3min, stop the supple of gas or steam and dash, open water intaking valve and discharge of wastewater valve, discharging flushing waste water, intake, discharge initial filter water, water outlet again; Sand filter design filtering velocity is 7.6m/h, quartz sand thickness of filter bed 1.2m, particle diameter d=0.5～1.0mm, nonuniformity coefficient K=1.4, gravel particle diameter D=2～4,4～8,8～16mm, gravel supporting course thickness 0.45m, three kinds of modes are adopted in the sand filter back flushing, are respectively: single gas recoil, intensity 60m
3/ h.m
2Air water back washing, gas 60m
3/ h.m
2, water 10m
3/ h.m
2Water dashes big yield 60m separately
3/ h.m
2, little water yield 10m
3/ h.m
2Cleaning procedure is: stop into water earlier, stop water outlet, gas towards 3min, air water (the little water yield is dashed simultaneously) 2min, stop the supple of gas or steam dash, water dashes (the little water yield) 1min, Shui Chong (big yield) 1min, Shui Chong (the little water yield) 1min, draining, water inlet again, initial filter water discharging, water outlet.
6. the ozonize before the advanced treatment is selected: add ozone before the activated carbon filtration, the effect that adds ozone is a killing bacteria, remove virus, organism is (as phenol in the oxidizing water, washing composition, agricultural chemicals) and the bio-refractory organism, COD is converted into BOD, oxygenolysis inner complex etc., it is character and a structure of utilizing the strong oxidation change larger molecular organics of ozone, be beneficial to the absorption of activated carbon capillary, and the required dissolved oxygen of bacterium in the assurance filter bed, ozone and activated carbon filtration coupling, increase the biological action of gac, prolong the regeneration of activated carbon cycle, if in the water that flows into filter bed, provide sufficient dissolved oxygen, then can make the concentration of bacterium increase by 10～100 times, in this case, can prolong more than 5 times the work-ing life of gac.
Claims (1)
1. the treatment process of micro polluted source optimum combination is characterized in that this treatment process may further comprise the steps:
Pre-treatment: source water enters pre-ozone contact tank through the water intaking pump house and carries out pre-treatment;
Mechanically mixing: the pretreated water of ozone adds alum and carries out the mechanically mixing processing in mixing pit;
Folded plate flocculation: the water after the mechanically mixing carries out the folded plate type flocculation reaction in flocculation tank;
Advection sedimentation: the water behind the folded plate flocculation carries out advection sedimentation in rectangular sedimentation tank;
Ozonize: the water behind the advection sedimentation further carries out ozonize in ozone contact tank;
Carbon filter and sand filtration: the water after the ozonize carries out bioactive carbon according to the upward flow mode earlier and filters in the combination filter tank, carry out sand filtration again in the combination filter tank subsequently;
Sterilization: the water chlorination after carbon filter and the sand filtration;
Store: the water after carbon filter and the sand filtration stores in clean water basin, sends into urban pipe network by the conveying pump room;
Muddy water is handled: the muddy water after folded plate flocculation and the sand filtration enters equalizing tank, enters sludge thickener again and concentrates, and the mud after concentrating is stored by storage basin, after the water extracter room transport outward after being dehydrated into mud cake.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102557301A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 上海市自来水市北有限公司 | Method and device for responding to the sudden organic pollution of drinking water by using deep treatment process |
| CN102976550A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-03-20 | 南京大学 | Method for removing antibiotic resistance gene from water source water |
| CN103723862A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-16 | 李�杰 | Production method of tap water |
| CN104355467A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-18 | 杭州安耐杰科技有限公司 | Circulating cooling water filling purification system |
| CN105439318A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2016-03-30 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Treatment technology of water treatment device for treating raw water with higher turbidity variation |
| CN107043200A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | The advanced treating cleaning system and method for a kind of micro polluted source |
| CN108164038A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-15 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院 | A kind of Water feeding treatment device and processing method |
| CN110407354A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-11-05 | 滨海县渠南自来水有限公司 | A kind of waterworks water treatment system that bactericidal effect is good |
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| JPH0663571A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-08 | Meidensha Corp | Ozone-bioactive carbon treatment device |
| CN1673119A (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2005-09-28 | 安徽工业大学 | Biological purifying process of seriously polluted river water |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102557301A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 上海市自来水市北有限公司 | Method and device for responding to the sudden organic pollution of drinking water by using deep treatment process |
| CN105439318A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2016-03-30 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Treatment technology of water treatment device for treating raw water with higher turbidity variation |
| CN102976550A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-03-20 | 南京大学 | Method for removing antibiotic resistance gene from water source water |
| CN103723862A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-16 | 李�杰 | Production method of tap water |
| CN103723862B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-08-05 | 李�杰 | A kind of production method of tap water |
| CN104355467A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-18 | 杭州安耐杰科技有限公司 | Circulating cooling water filling purification system |
| CN107043200A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | The advanced treating cleaning system and method for a kind of micro polluted source |
| CN108164038A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-15 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院 | A kind of Water feeding treatment device and processing method |
| CN110407354A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-11-05 | 滨海县渠南自来水有限公司 | A kind of waterworks water treatment system that bactericidal effect is good |
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Application publication date: 20111214 |