CN102260515A - Method and device for thermal cracking treatment of waste plastics - Google Patents
Method and device for thermal cracking treatment of waste plastics Download PDFInfo
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- CN102260515A CN102260515A CN201110174043A CN201110174043A CN102260515A CN 102260515 A CN102260515 A CN 102260515A CN 201110174043 A CN201110174043 A CN 201110174043A CN 201110174043 A CN201110174043 A CN 201110174043A CN 102260515 A CN102260515 A CN 102260515A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for thermal cracking and recovery of waste plastics and in particular relates to a device for carrying out thermal cracking on various waste plastics by utilizing a fused liquid metal with a low melting point or fused salts at high temperature and normal pressure. By using the device, the waste plastics can be effectively treated with extremely high efficiency, thereby solving the increasingly severe environment problem caused by the waste plastics.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to a kind of new technology that the waste plastic thermo-cracking is handled, various waste plastic rubbish for no any recycling value, utilize the efficient thermo-cracking that plastics immerse in high-temperature molten metal or the fused salt liquation to come all kinds of waste plastics of cracking, make its flammable compound that is cracked into lower molecular weight, become oil fuel and a small amount of inflammable gas after the condensation.This method lysis efficiency is high, and it does not need pre-treatments such as letter sorting, cleaning and cleaning to waste plastic, just the complete cracking of waste plastic of reluctant " white pollution " at present can be obtained useful oil fuel.
Background technology
Scission reaction all can take place in various plastics under specific temperature, the plastic type difference, it is also different that cracked temperature takes place for it, in the common plastics, the cracking temperature of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is minimum, about 200 ℃, begin to decompose, the cracking temperature of polyethylene (PE) is the highest, various plastics are under different cracking temperatures, the reaction product that cracking produces is also different, studies show that in a large number more than 500 degrees centigrade the time, cracking is complete substantially for common plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene.
At present plastics being carried out thermo-cracking, to handle the device of waste or used plastics a lot, and the promulgation of a lot of researchs and patent has been arranged before, but they all in the scission reaction still of sky, carry out, efficient is not high.Because the heat transfer coefficient of air is very low, cracked is chronic, can't be complete in the moment cracking, and hot-melt plastic is after being heated to more than 100 degrees centigrade, and the adhesion that becomes is bonded at the tank skin of cracking still, hindered heat transfer, thermosetting resin at high temperature also can coking, and they also can stick in tank skin, in a word, the energy consumption of this method is very big, efficient is very low, and because the temperature of thermo-cracking is non-constant, the quality of split product is also non-constant.Patent about the plastic waste thermo-cracking is a lot, representational have following: for example the patent No. is that 99205087.1 Chinese patent discloses the waste or used plastics pyrolyzer and is used for that waste or used plastics is carried out cracking and reclaims, be characterized in anchor formula planker being set at furnace bottom, simultaneously at the top of stove sight glass is housed, furnace bottom is provided with the outlet of tar deslagging.The patent No. is that 200420053263.0 Chinese patent discloses a kind of old plastic oil refining equipment, is characterized in that cracking mechanism is made up of cracking still, catalytic tower and water cooler, has main flue in the cracking still above the cracking burner hearth.The Chinese patent of the patent No. 99258059.5 discloses a kind of pyrolyzer of plastic waste oiling, is characterized in adopting two sections catalytic way of fire-tube type that plastic waste is carried out the conversion of technical oils, and whole process complete closed is not revealed objectionable impurities, and the normal pressure operation.
Low-melting metal and salt are because its characteristics, be commonly employed, as be used as scolder, and temperature-sensitive assemblies such as the safety fuse in the devices such as electrical equipment, steam, fire-fighting, fire alarm, fusible cut-out, in metal heat treatmet, plumbous " lead bath " that forms of liquid and " salt bath " of fused salt formation are used to metal is heat-treated, and in semiconductor industry, " tin pot " that liquid tin is housed is used to weld printed circuit board (PCB).Also have before the molten metal and applied to handle junked tire, the patent No. is that 200510101150.2 Chinese patent discloses the method that a kind of metal bath cracking waste tire rubber, plastics are produced boiler oil, it is characterized in that waste tire rubber section or waste or used plastics are directly contacted with metal bath thermophore (molten state zinc, tin, antimony, bismuth) in cracking still, cracking produces boiler oil, but this patent will not need the material of thermo-cracking to be pressed into molten metal, cause reaction process slow, and adopt the mode of intermittent type charging, cause efficient not high.Present scission reaction device mainly contains following shortcoming:
(1) to handling having relatively high expectations of plastics, can only handle single a kind of plastics, must carry out strict classification to plastics before handling, can not satisfy the needs of various occasions, use cost is higher, thereby be difficult to promote, as the patent No. is the treating method that the Chinese patent of 99102852.X discloses a kind of waste and old polystyrene plastics, be characterized in that the solid waste or used plastics is melt into liquid state earlier,, obtain vinylbenzene through catalytic pyrolysis and evaporation process, its utilization scope only is confined on the polystyrene, strict to handled thing, can not handle as the scrap heap waste plastic, thereby promoted extension is very narrow.
What (2) adopt is step feeding manner, waste or used plastics can only add when handling again and again, after primary first-order equation is thoroughly finished before will waiting when adding plastics at every turn, cause processing efficiency not high, and all to cool off and reheat at every turn, greatly wasted the energy, can cause the part cracked gas from reactor, to be overflowed during this external each interpolation, environment has been polluted.The patent No. is that the Chinese patent of 200520082051.X discloses a kind of waste rubber cracking device, this device utilizes waste rubber to become to produce fuel oil, combustion gas and carbon black, but what adopt is step feeding manner, can only handle a collection of rubber at every turn, and to when temperature drops to about 40 ℃, open the charging and discharging mouth in the back blowing out fully of preceding primary first-order equation, discharge residue, carry out the next round reaction.So just cause reaction efficiency very low, so treatment capacity is not high, practicality is not strong.
(3) present, most patents all is placed directly in plastics in the reactor and heats, do not adopt carrier, cause the waste or used plastics inequality of being heated, directly be bonded on the reactor wall directly coking charing after making the plastics fusion easily, cracked efficient is reduced, product also changes, and oil yield is not high, also reactor is caused damage simultaneously.
(4) not having a kind of effective slag discharging device to come continuous effective ground will react all kinds of solid products that produce discharges from reaction unit.Because contain a large amount of inorganic impurities in the waste plastic of thermo-cracking, these impurity do not decompose, scission reaction also can produce solid products such as coke simultaneously, do not have a kind of effective slag discharging device can influence scission reaction continue carry out.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new technology of all kinds of waste plastics being carried out the thermo-cracking processing.Waste or used plastics method for cracking treatment of the present invention is to adopt low-melting molten metal or salt as working medium, to plastic waste carry out efficiently, thermo-cracking completely, be decomposed into high molecular oil fuel and low molecular flammable organic compound.Described low-melting molten metal is plumbous, tin, and low-melting salt then is the mixing salt of sodium-chlor, Repone K etc.
Plastic waste is pressed in the liquid metal of low-melting molten state or the fused salt and carries out cracking, and its advantage is:
(1) liquid metal or fused salt thermal content are big, and it is very high that waste plastic is immersed in the liquid metal of molten state or the fused salt lysis efficiency, and it is complete that moment just can cracking.
(2) because liquid metal or fused salt thermal content are big, the plastic waste of adding can the remarkably influenced liquid metal or the temperature of fused salt, and the thermo-cracking of plastics is carried out under constant temp, and the product component that obtains is stable, controlled.
(3) easy control of temperature of liquid metal or fused salt, service temperature can be carried out by constant temperature under the temperature of cracking added value of product maximum.
(4) waste plastic can produce environmentally hazardous materials such as Dioxins in burning.Present method makes plastic waste carry out in the liquid metal of high-temperature fusion or fused salt, all play sterilization, disinfectant effect for the impurity in the waste plastic, foul gas, malodorous gas also is decomposed in fused liquid metal or fused salt simultaneously, and operation can be carried out under odorless, tasteless, sterile environment.
(5) owing to very dirty, the stench of waste plastic, present method cracking waste plastic does not need pre-treatment work such as letter sorting, cleaning, cleaning.Various organism such as the swill of carrying secretly in the waste plastic all can be broken down into low molecular compound or oil fuel in the liquid metal of high temperature fused state or fused salt.
(6) inorganics of carrying secretly in the waste plastic is stayed in the liquid metal with the residue form in the liquid metal of molten state because their ratio is important lighter than plumbous, all can float over liquid lead liquid above, adopt the residue collection device to be easy to they are cleared.If fused salt, they can not react with fused salt, are suspended among the fused salt, do not influence the thermal cracking processes of waste plastic.Quantity is many, can adopt the residue collection device to pull out.
(7) can condensation under different temperature for the splitting gas of the condition of high temperature, obtain the cracked oil of different molecular weight, these cracked oils can be as the oil fuel of boiler oil.
(8) low molecular compound that a part can't condensation as methane, ethane etc., can be used as the postcombustion of this device, in order to the liquid metal of keeping molten state in process of production or the temperature of fused salt.
(9) the present invention also can carry out thermo-cracking to the whole tire of scrapping, and does not need to carry out any prime and handles.Owing to contain enhancing substances such as steel wire, nylon fibre in the damaged tire, pre-treatment extremely consumes energy, consuming time, and cost is huge.Damaged tire immerses in the fused liquid metal, and rubber wherein can carry out thermo-cracking rapidly, and chemical fibre also can be taken off by hot tearing rapidly, and remaining steel wire floats over liquid metal or fused salt, above for example plumbous liquid, is easy to be cleaned out.
Can for example carry out thermo-cracking to all kinds of discarded old plastics in the optimal temperature under the gasification temperature of fused salts such as low melting point metal such as lead, tin or sodium-chlor, Repone K at liquid metal, obtain combustiblematerials products such as low-molecular-weight gaseous alkanes, liquid fuel.Waste or used plastics carries out continuously feeding, respond and all in airtight reactor, carry out.Avoided detrimentally affect that production environment is brought.
The present invention is made of following apparatus: be equipped with insulation jacket reactor 20, stretch into reinforced (charging) device (tube) 6 of reactor, condensation collection device that is connected with reactor and automatic sludge discharge device; The low melting point metal or the salt that can be heated as molten state are housed, as fused salts such as low melting point metals such as lead or tin or sodium-chlor, Repone K in the described reactor; There is an electric heater (cover) 12 that is used to heat low melting point metal or fused salt working medium that has temperature control unit the reactor outside.A burner 16 is arranged at the bottom of reactor, the inflammable gas that produces in the production process is imported burner combustion, in order to keep the additional heat in the cracking process.There is insulating jacket reactor and well heater outside; Described automatic sludge discharge device is made up of the helical feed slag off apparatus (pipe) 8 and the waste residue holding tank 10 of the slightly higher inclination in outside; The steam that described plastic hot cracking produces exports in the gaseous product collector 13 by prolong 11 collection devices at cracking still top, becomes liquid oil fuel after the condensation as product.A spot of non-condensable gases is low-molecular-weight inflammable gas, and the burner 16 that imports the cracking still bottom with pipeline burns, as the additional heat of replenishing cracking process.
The described metal that is heated as molten state is low melting point metals such as lead or tin, or the mixture of salts such as sodium-chlor, Repone K, being heated to 500-600 degree centigrade by electric heater at first during use becomes the fused liquid state, and plastics are transferred in the fused solution under the temperature so far and carry out heat scission reaction.
Following method only is a kind of application example of the present invention, illustrates how the present invention uses, but can not limit the present invention:
(1) adopt spiral conveyer and piston apparatus to treat the cracked waste plastic and carry out continuous charging, piston is pressed into molten metal or fused salt inside with waste plastic.
(2) working medium lead or fused salt in the cracking still are heated to molten state, carry out the media of thermo-cracking as discarded old plastics, and maintain the temperature at the steady temperature below 600 degrees centigrade, reactor carries out thermostatic control by thermopair to temperature, a small amount of inflammable gas that cracking produces imports the cracking still base burning, be used as supplemental heat source, add the power consumption of electrothermal stove with minimizing cracking process.
(3) at the reactor middle part, the liquid metal surface is provided with an automatic sludge discharge device, the outside of slag discharging device is slightly higher than inside reactor, makes the liquid metal of molten state or fused salt can flow back to reactor, only solid-state inorganics dregs is sent reactor.Slag discharging device is made up of helix transporting device and waste residue holding tank, and slag-drip opening adopts the rotary discharge valve sealing, and not timing is opened, to discharge waste residue.
Compare with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) with low-melting molten metal (for example lead, tin etc.) or fused salt as plastic hot cracked heat source for reaction and medium, the waste plastic of being sent into by worm conveyor is pressed into molten metal or fused salt inside by piston, waste plastic fully contacts with the metal or the fused salt of molten state, and scission reaction is very rapid efficient.Guaranteed that cracked rapidly with abundant, helps processing waste plastic efficient, mass-producing;
(2) to abandon the waste or used plastics raw material require low, the plastics of handling can not sorted and clear up, directly all kinds of waste plastics are sent into and carried out cracking in the cracking still, thereby removed complicated, loaded down with trivial details, dirty plastics sorting work in early stage from, reduce the requirement of pre-treatment;
(3) adopted the continuously feeding device, improved processing efficiency greatly, and the amount that can handle plastics as required determines the size of feeding unit, can be fit to various use occasions well, satisfy the needs of the waste plastic of handling different quantities;
(4) because the density of molten metals in liquid state or fused salt is bigger, split product is gaseous state under this temperature, split product can overflow rapidly from molten metal or fused salt, be convenient to collect, carry out owing to being reflected between the 500-600 degree simultaneously, can effectively decompose and sterilize for the unwanted bacteria in the plastic garbage, virus;
(5) entire reaction course is all carried out in airtight Reaktionsofen, operation environment safety and health have been guaranteed, also prevented simultaneously the effusion of cracking steam, the scission reaction of plastics is carried out at molten metal or fused salt inside, therefore avoided following when cracking the contact assurance scission reaction of air (oxygen) to carry out smoothly, product can not be affected;
(6) because scission reaction is carried out in molten metal, and the inorganic impurity in the therefore original waste or used plastics can be stayed in the liquation, because density is less than molten metal, they can be suspended in molten surface or inside, do not influence the thermal cracking processes of waste plastic;
(7) slag discharging device of the present invention's design, inorganic impurity that can't thermo-cracking in solid waste that can be in time be produced reaction (mainly being the product after the charing of waste or used plastics part) and the waste plastic carries out deslagging, tapping process is easy to operate, does not need to open reactor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of thermal cracker of the present invention.
Nomenclature
In the accompanying drawing 1: 1 worm conveyor motor; 2 worm conveyors; 3 hoppers; 4 piston drive mechanisms; 5 pistons; 6 feeding cylinders; 7 product collection pipes; 8 scum pipes; 9 deslagging motors; 10 solid product holding tanks; 11 prolongs; 12 reactor heating jackets; 13 gaseous product collectors; 14 product separating tanks; 15 liquid product holding tanks; 16 gaseous product burners; 17 guide housings; 18 molten metals or salt; 19 insulating collars; 20 reactors.
Embodiment
The present invention can be further understood by following embodiment, but content of the present invention can not be limited.
As accompanying drawing 1, there is an electric heater that is used to heat low melting point metal or fused salt working medium that has temperature control unit the reactor outside; A burner is arranged at the bottom of reactor, the inflammable gas that produces in the production process is imported burner combustion, in order to keep the additional heat in the cracking process; There is insulating jacket reactor and well heater outside; After waste plastic enters opening for feed, constantly be transported in the feeding cylinder 6 by worm conveyor 2, under the promotion of pistons reciprocating 6, plastics are squeezed into cracking in the liquid metal 18 in the reactor, complete for guaranteeing cracking, be provided with the guide housing 17 that has many perforates in piston 5 bottoms and molten metal 18 contact parts, make plastics can not leave feed-pipe after horse back float over the metallic surface, but be pressed onto guide housing 17 outsides by piston, continue in molten metal 18 inner cracking.Piston 5 is reciprocating in worm conveyor 2 and molten metal 18, can also make molten metal produce certain flow faster and conduct heat, and the cracked plastics are heated evenly.Plastics reach just cracking fully after the molten metal, split product is overflowed from molten metal rapidly, enter in the prolong 11 on top of reactor, through entering in the returnable 15 after prolong 11 condensations, returnable is used to collect liquid product, and gaseous product then passes through collection tube (device) 13 and collects the supplemental heat source that heat reactor with work the back.The automatic sludge discharge device is made up of helical feed slag off apparatus (pipe) 8, deslagging motor 9 and waste residue the holding tank 10 slightly higher inclination in outside and that extend in the reactor.
Claims (5)
1. waste plastic cracking treatment unit, it adopts low-melting molten metal or fused salt liquation as working medium, to waste plastic carry out efficiently, thermo-cracking completely, be decomposed into high molecular oil fuel and low molecular flammable organic compound.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described low-melting molten metal or fused salt liquation are lead or tin or Repone K, sodium-chlor or their mixing salt.
3. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is made of following apparatus: be equipped with insulation jacket reactor, stretch into the feeding device of reactor, condensation collection device that is connected with reactor and automatic sludge discharge device; The low melting point metal or the salt that can be heated as molten state are housed in the described reactor; There is an electric heater that is used to heat low melting point metal or fused salt working medium that has temperature control unit the reactor outside; A burner is arranged at the bottom of reactor, the inflammable gas that produces in the production process is imported burner combustion, in order to keep the additional heat in the cracking process; There is insulating jacket reactor and well heater outside; Described automatic sludge discharge device is made up of helical feed scum pipe, deslagging motor and the waste residue holding tank of the slightly higher inclination that extends to molten metal surface in outside; The steam that the plastic hot cracking produces exports in the gaseous product collector by the prolong collection device at cracking still top, and a spot of non-condensable gases is the low-molecular-weight inflammable gas burner combustion of heat bottom pipeline importing cracking still as a supplement.
4. employing feeding device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described feeding device is made of screw rod conveyor, piston drive mechanism, piston and feeding cylinder.
5. device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described feeding device is pressed into molten metal or fused salt inside with waste plastic.
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| CN 201110174043 CN102260515B (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Method and device for thermal cracking treatment of waste plastics |
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| CN 201110174043 CN102260515B (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Method and device for thermal cracking treatment of waste plastics |
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| CN102936505A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-20 | 沈阳农业大学 | Biochar charring furnace for laboratory |
| CN102974669A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 宁波思明汽车科技有限公司 | Fusible alloy recycling method and device for pipe forming |
| WO2014094408A1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-26 | 高能集团控股有限公司 | Method and apparatus for refining oil from tire |
| CN103937547A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-23 | 清华大学 | Liquid metal carbon gasification device and method relying on solid oxide electrochemical cells |
| CN104471032A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-03-25 | H·施吕特 | Reactor for gasifying and/or cleaning, especially for depolymerizing, plastic material and associated method |
| CN105385468A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-09 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | Waste plastic molten salt cracking device |
| CN105419842A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-23 | 陕西科技大学 | Secondary heat cracking tower for waste plastic and molten salt |
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| CN104471032A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-03-25 | H·施吕特 | Reactor for gasifying and/or cleaning, especially for depolymerizing, plastic material and associated method |
| CN102936505A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-20 | 沈阳农业大学 | Biochar charring furnace for laboratory |
| CN102974669A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 宁波思明汽车科技有限公司 | Fusible alloy recycling method and device for pipe forming |
| US10184083B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2019-01-22 | Global Velocity Holding Limited | Method and apparatus for refining oil from tire |
| WO2014094408A1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-26 | 高能集团控股有限公司 | Method and apparatus for refining oil from tire |
| CN103937547A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-23 | 清华大学 | Liquid metal carbon gasification device and method relying on solid oxide electrochemical cells |
| CN103937547B (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-28 | 清华大学 | Rely on liquid metal carbon gasification plant and the method in solid oxide electrochemical pond |
| CN105647611A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 何湘贤 | Fuel extractive |
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| CN105385468A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-09 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | Waste plastic molten salt cracking device |
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| US11136507B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2021-10-05 | Niutech Environment Technology Corporation | Continuous feeding process and device for waste flexible polymer material |
| CN109852410A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-07 | 邹万清 | A kind of plastics or rubber gasifier |
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| CN112063404A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-11 | 上海广谋能源技术开发有限公司 | Treatment method for realizing efficient resource utilization of waste tires |
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| WO2020248913A1 (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-17 | 王武生 | Treatment method for implementing efficient resource utilization of domestic garbage |
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| CN111234852A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 东南大学 | Feeding device and feeding method of continuous waste tire cracking furnace |
| CN114540066A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-27 | 蓝星(北京)化工机械有限公司 | Waste plastic fast pyrolysis reactor |
| CN113083160A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-09 | 河北大有镁业有限责任公司 | Multifunctional molten salt system |
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