CN102260122A - Multi-nutrient double-effect allelochemical compound fertilizer production technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-nutrient double-effect allelochemical compound fertilizer, which has the main characteristics of having rich and comprehensive nutrients, having 25 percent major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and 3 percent of microelements such as boron, zinc, copper and iron, effectively meeting nutrient requirements of crops in a growth period and promoting production increase of the crops. Moreover, the fertilizer contains a pesticidal component of allelochemical Azadirachtin seed powder which can kill various subterranean pest-insects, so that the pesticide investment is saved and pollution is lightened. The compound fertilizer contains the major elements and the microelements, and also contains four components, namely 18 percent of 100-150-mesh allelochemical (Azadirachtin seed powder), 28 percent of 80-100-mesh biological organic adsorbent powder, 12 percent of adhesive and 14 percent of water.

Description

A kind of many nutrition double effect biological toosedarin composite fertilizer production technology

One, technical field:

The invention belongs to a kind of many nutrition double effect biological toosedarin composite fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of trace element components and biological toosedarin compositions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macroelement and boron, zinc, copper, iron of containing.It not only can promote increasing crop yield, can also kill most underground insects, is a kind of emerging fertilizer with various nutrient elements and volume increase and desinsection dual-use function.

Two, background technology:

According to the State Bureau of Environmental Protection report, China has 300,000,000 mu of arable lands to be subjected to agricultural chemicals, organic waste severe contamination, and the environmental surveys of the most of provinces and cities of China shows that industrial pollution accounts for 11.6%, and domestic pollution accounts for 14.8%, and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area accounts for 73.6%.In widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, pollutions such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer are important factors.

Chinese Central Television's environment column is repeatedly reported, and the whole nation because soil pollution and objectionable impurities are discharged in a large number, and water pollutes becomes ascendant trend, is polluted water system and reached more than 70% in recent years.Wherein: Huaihe River has become Babian Jiang, and the Changjiang river has become the rubbish river, and the mouth of the Zhujiang River fish contain certain oxious component and surpassed 100 times of safety index.Taihu Lake, Chaohu, three big lakes, Dian Chi are polluted and have been caused that international community pays close attention to.The Taihu Lake blue-green algae broke out in 2008, and tens national science and technologies, engineering departments such as the U.S., Japan, Denmark come On-Site Assistance to administer, and Wuxi City meets the needs of the world and collects the radical cure scheme.The Dian Chi is administered over 10 years and is produced little effect.Country increased by 26,000,000,000 yuan of investments in 2009, strengthened the dynamics that three lakes are administered.The Shanxi Province administers the Fenhe river basin environmental pollution for 15,000,000,000 yuan since investment every year in 2009, and 12,000,000,000 yuan of the annual investments in Hunan will be the one-tenth " Rhine in east " of Xiang River improvement.These situations illustrate that all China's river pollution degree of holding has arrived non-time energetically, the situation of improvement.

In these pollution factors, the application of highly toxic pesticide is a key issue.According to agricultural sector statistics, there is the factory of tame pesticide producing more than 1000 in China, more than 100 ten thousand tons of the various chemical pesticides of annual production, and every year also will be from 100,000 tons of external imports, and annual domestic use total amount reaches 900,000 tons.The agricultural chemicals usage quantity is three times of the average consumption in the world.The environmental accumulation amount seriously transfinites, and according to the investigation of national environmental protection portion, the Isotox that accumulates in China's soil has exceeded standard 3 times.

In decades because the extensive application of agricultural chemicals causes serious food-safety problem: preceding Beijing poison leek incident had Qingdao to occur again in April, 2010 in 10 years, and nine poisoners are in hospital.In January, 2010 Hainan ordeal bean angle, continuously some months is investigated and prosecuted.When Premier Wen visited in Malaysia in 2008, be subjected to the inquiry of Hong Kong reporter to the fruits and vegetables safety problem of entering a port.According to foreign trade department's statistics, because the residual problem that exceeds standard of farming, China's tealeaves all stops to Japan and European Union's outlet.Various agricultural-food are obstructed and reach every year about 35,000,000,000 yuan.So,, must find out the way of a solution in the face of these serious problems.After the present invention solves the soil application insecticide pesticide exactly, eliminate the specialty products of residual toxicity.

The present invention is a kind of many nutrition double effect biological toosedarin compound manure.It also contains a kind of biological toosedarin insect killing substance owing to contain the multiple kinds of crops necessary nutritive element of growing, and farm crop are played volume increase and the effect of desinsection economic benefits and social benefits.

Three, summary of the invention

1, toosedarin functional characteristics:

The plant toosedarin, it is defined as certain kind of plant and produces the secondary metabolite that can jeopardize or kill another kind of biological existence and development.It is described as the biological weapon (Bio-weapon) in the future of agriculture, and general in the world english nouns is Allelochemical or Allelopathic compounds.Its original meaning is answered translations " plant allelopathic compounds ".Because China does not still have definite designation, therefore with practical situation and the connotation of this speech, so adopt " plant toosedarin " speech temporarily in conjunction with China.

Reacting to each other between the plant toosedarin then is referred to as to call the plant gram and gives birth to effect or the living process of plant gram, and its english nouns is Allelopathy.Its original meaning is answered translations " effect of plant allelopathy ".They are Allelon, i.e. the meaning of " each other " (of each other): pathos then is the meaning of " suffering " (to suffer).The two is compound to have constituted Allelopathy, and promptly the plant gram is given birth to effect.It may be defined as, and " a kind of growth and development of plant is subjected to the inhibition and the murder by poisoning process of the toxic substance that another kind of plant discharges." plant produces inhibiting biochemical and just be referred to as plant Ke Shengsuo.They are released in the environment by the organ (root, stem and leaf etc.) of plant, thereby influence the xenogenesis growth and development of plant.

The mode that plant discharges toosedarin has three kinds of forms: 1, volatilization, and both plant discharged the gaseous state toosedarin to air, just be suppressed after other plant absorbing, in addition dead.2, leaching, promptly a kind of plant organ, as root, stem, the time etc. be scattered after, its toosedarin is by in the soil of water leaching or the water body, thereby suppresses the g and D of other plant.3, certain plants passes through the root direct secretion to soil or water body, thereby suppresses the growth of other plant.

2, desinsection toosedarin---chinaberry element

Chinaberry element (Azadirachtin) is to extract from the chinaberry fruit.Be main source wherein with seal chinaberry, China tree and melia toosendan.Therefore.Again the plain compound of chinaberry is divided into nimbin, Kuliansu and Toosendanin etc., it is a strongest active component in the fruit extract.The chinaberry element has 23 kinds of natural homologues approximately. but only there are 10 kinds to name, i.e. plain A, B of chinaberry, C, D, E, F, H, I and K.Its molecular formula is: C ₃₅H ₄₄O ₁₆

The chinaberry cellulose crystal is yellow-green colour, has garlicky strongly.The chinaberry extract is except that the chinaberry element, and the class triterpenoid that also has tool growth regulator characteristic is vitamin P (Limonoids), KULANSUAN, former class triterpene and hands over fat, phenyl class triterpene, flavonoid and 125 kinds of compounds such as glucosides, condensed protein matter and heterocycle polysaccharide.The chemical name of this compounds often is called Fourth Ring (falling) class triterpenoid.

The research of chinaberry extract activeconstituents is as far back as just beginning, and caused scientist's interest decades ago.Also held 6 meetings of relevant chinaberry and goods thereof in the world. and lay special stress on application and the effect of extract in laboratory and land for growing field crops.In general, chinaberry fruit, seed, kernel, branch, bark and root bark extract all have the insect antifeedant of making, desinsection, interference insect growth, nematicide, and fungicidal kills bacterium, and anti-inflammatory is antitumor, improves immunological competence and other activity.Early stage research is pointed out, has surpassed 100 kinds from the isolated compound of chinaberry different sites, and some compound has been done structural research.But from chinaberry, isolate the research deficiency of pure bonded composition, biological activity etc., and with regard to then still less research of the structural relation between this class chemical combination.The isolated compound of chinaberry belongs to Fourth Ring (falling) class triterpenoid (Tetranortriterpenoids) more.Simultaneously, class diterpene, class triterpene, five rings (falling) class triterpene and a spot of non-terpenoid compound of biologically active have also been isolated.

3, the insecticidal function of different plant toosedarins and the mode of action thereof

Chemical control (control) disease and pest is very remarkable with protection agriculture production effect, and technology maturation.Therefore, people are now not only with natural but also use synthetic two class agricultural chemicals.Obviously the latter increases fast in global output and use range, and has occupied dominant position, though use synthetic pesticide to perform meritorious deeds never to be obliterated, the inherent shortcoming occurred thereupon, and that is exactly that insect produces resistance and has the recovery ability; Shortage is to the selectivity of target insect with to the security of non-target insect; The ecotope balance is difficult to selectivity treats, beautiful and can cause irreversible destruction, pollute thereby bring out serious environmental.Therefore, people turn to ecological agricultural chemical and ecological fertilizer with attention, with those environmentally harmful agricultural chemicalses of part or all of replacement, and huge business opportunity are arranged on market.It is found that plant toosedarin and goods thereof will be the victors forever in all hope.

The insecticidal mechanism of plant Ke Shengsuo has:

1), disturbs, suppresses and destroy ovum, the growth of larva and pupa.

2), stop the decortication of larva and nymph.

3), hindering mating (joining) exchanges with destructive information transmission.

4), drive effect, promptly beat back or repel larva and adult.

5), inhibition or prevention are laid eggs.

6), make insect sterile.

7), the inhibition insect preys on or makes insect stop food.

8), reduce intestinal absorption ability and prevention feed.

9), suppress chitinous synthetic.

10), interference and inhibition insect change in quality.

11), poisoning larva or adult.

Plant toosedarin agricultural chemicals has powerful selectivity to target organisms, and as safe as a house to non-target beneficial organism, as the vinelandii in the soil, arnivorous insect, parasitic insect and honeybee etc. are harmless.Simultaneously, plain agricultural chemicals of chinaberry and known organism agricultural chemicals such as NPV and B.T etc. have good compatibility.

The desinsection of plant toosedarin is renderd a service quite or has been surpassed many highly effective pesticides.As thiophos, Malathion (malathion), DDT, aldrin and Dieldrin-attapulgite mixture.On working concentration, can be low to moderate 1/10000000th, promptly 0.1ppm (one-tenth of a partper million) can be controlled in 2-3 gram/mu on usage quantity.

Discover recently.For guaranteeing the export of farm produce. use this agricultural chemicals effective especially.After coffee, tealeaves, the fruits and vegetables of the outlet of states such as India were used the plain agricultural chemicals of chinaberry, all having reached complete qualified exported product was green food or safety food.Simultaneously, everybody can suffer infecting of fungi (Aspergillus flavus) and produce highly toxic flavacin (carcinogenic substance) at some agricultural-food such as corn, the soybean etc. known.In the world, having or not flavacin and content thereof in the agricultural-food is very important inspecting standard.Result of study confirms.Behind the plain processing of chinaberry agricultural-food, it can suppress the biosynthesizing of flavacin significantly, and at the agricultural-food of handling, flavacin is the 8.5mg/g seed; Untreated is the 38.7mg/g seed.In addition, plant toosedarin agricultural chemicals also to bacterium and the viral disease that causes, also has good effect as tobacco mosaic disease.In sum, the plain agricultural chemicals of chinaberry is described as the pioneer of environment friendly agricultural by the world; Titles such as the first in the world " soft " agricultural chemicals.

4, the plant toosedarin is to the influence of insect

Preliminary study shows that the class triterpene of plant toosedarin and homologue thereof have the prevention effect to insect.It all has tangible effect to the insect more than 90%, nematode and acarid, and has shown powerful power.Up to the present, still find no the situation that insect develops immunity to drugs.

With the sterilant that the plant toosedarin is made, be a kind of broad spectrum type sterilant.It prevents and treats 400 various insects that comprise 15 orders most effectively.Main insect order has:

1), Homoptera-planthopper and leafhopper, aphid etc. are 50 kinds:

2), Coleoptera one beetle etc. is 79 kinds;

3), lepidopteran-moth and butterfly etc. are 136 kinds;

4), Caelifera-locust etc. is 21 kinds;

5), blattaria Superfamily-cockroach etc. is 6 kinds;

6), Diptera-fly and mosquito etc. are 49 kinds;

7), Isoptera one termite etc. is 2 kinds;

8), Anoplura-poultry louse, lice etc. are 13 kinds;

9), different wing day-stinkbug etc. is 32 kinds:

10), Thysanoptera one thrips etc. is 13 kinds;

Therefore primary study should be placed on harm bigger insect, particularly locust etc.Its main research contents has:

(1) engulfs prevention factor (phagodeterrency);

(2) to the influence of locust nymphal development;

(3) to the influence of anomalad;

(4) active is influenced;

(5) to the influence of the feritilization of ovum of breeding.

5, the plant toosedarin is to the prevention effect of nematode and acarid

Plant nematode is a kind of insects that just can see clearly at microscopically, and since 18th century, people have just known the significance of this atomic little biology to agricultural.But just fully study in 20th century.At the initial stage, research concentrates on the harm of nematode, and has studied effective nematocides (nineteen forty-three invention DD, invention EDB in 1945, invention DBCP in 1954), with the harm of control nematode.Subsequently, in order to control nematode effectively, organic phosphorous insecticide and nitrogen base formic acid fat sterilant have been used in succession in a large number.Then, it is found that this insecticides has certain contamination to soil and underground water.Therefore, use unconventional nematocides as plant pesticide and biological pesticide when lay special stress on.And the plant toosedarin agricultural chemicals that obtains by biology.In the plant pesticide of control nematode, successful and the most effective nematocides is plant toosedarin and preparation thereof.

From the viewpoint of plant protection, 20 middle of century, scientist just has recognized that its vital role.Nineteen sixty, the harm of chinaberry preparation (being toosedarin) controlling plant parasitic nematode has just begun systematic research, and has delivered a large amount of scientific papers and data.Early stage research is mainly used by the chinaberry benevolence cake after the oil expression of chinaberry benevolence.This some place in India is a kind of ancient agrotechnique as fertilizer.

Though mainly argumentation value of many papers thing pathogenic nematode, but note and observe of the effect of chinaberry goods the parasitics intestinal nematodes of human and domestic animal.There is report to point out, the ascariasis that the liquid extract of chinaberry is caused by roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) control.Nineteen ninety, discover that the chinaberry goods can be used to prevent and treat human infection's filaricide effectively.Venezuela has studied the parasitic nematode disease of cattle and sheep intestinal tract in great detail.People are with the chinaberry extracting solution of bottled bitterness feeding animals by force.The result shows, is 89.8% to the former nematode of ox and effective curative ratio of whipworm; To covering effective curative ratio 100% of Buddhist nun tapeworm.These results are higher than the validity of synthetic insect repellent (left-handed ignorant azoles).The chinaberry goods also can be prevented and treated the garden nematode of goat effectively, whipworm and hair garden nematode.

The chinaberry goods can also be prevented and treated other worms effectively, as tapeworm (belonging to Cestoda) and control poultry tapeworm etc.

The effect of chinaberry preparation control plant pathogeny line insect confirmed already that various chinaberry goods had good nematicide effect.Their nematicide main contents of the test have:

(1) fresh and dry chinaberry preparation (extracting solution), and the chemical that is extracted by chinaberry is to the direct toxicity of nematode;

(2) nematode of chinaberry preparation processing is to the penetration coefficient of root system of plant;

(3) the chinaberry preparation is handled the hatching rate of root knot nematode pieces of an egg and is hatched the penetration coefficient of young nematode to root system.

Tetranychid (Tetranychidmite) has great harm on agricultural.For example red autumnal leaves acarid and T.urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite), they are primary pests of land for growing field crops and greenhouse fruit tree.Tangerine mite then is the serious insect pest in oranges and tangerines garden.Therefore the practicality and the economy of chinaberry preparation constantly increase.Owing to the acarid class causes the recovery of acarid types of populations to agricultural chemicals generation resistance and synthetic pesticide non-selectivity.The latter then causes the natural enemy of acarid colony as mass mortality or significantly minimizings such as predation mites.Have now found that the various acarids on the Different Crop have all produced tangible resistance.Recently, because of rolling up synthetic pesticide, break out frequency thereby aggravated acarid as intending the consumption of weeding chrysanthemum fat.Therefore, adopting selective pesticide is the first step of control acarid.So select for use harmless plant pesticide of natural enemy such as chinaberry preparation etc. just particularly important.But also can reduce the consumption and the production cost of plant pesticide, environmental pollution also obviously reduces.

Test-results shows that the plant toosedarin has very good effect to killing vegetalitas acarid such as tetranychid etc., and killing rate almost reaches 100%.It also has effect to the parasitic mite of humans and animals.

6, the plant toosedarin is to mollusk (oncomelania etc.) and protozoic effect

Use for the first time chinaberry goods person to be silent Lay (1978).He has studied the reaction of oncomelania (Melania scabra), and in the Asia, this oncomelania kind is the medium of worm (bilharziasis), the chinaberry dry fruit is clayed into power, and soak extraction with tap water.When using 0.5% concentration, after 20 minutes, all (100%) death of oncomelania.Ethanol chinaberry seed extract can be killed snail (Biomp halaria glabrata).Many mollusks are all very responsive to the chinaberry goods.All can be dead in 24～72 hours.Various snails then can 100% death in 15～30 minutes.

The chinaberry goods are to the influence of Crustachia (crustacean)

Crustacean is most of give birth to words in the waters, lake and wetland, therefore, they are relevant with the fish in living in this environment.The chinaberry goods have tangible influence to crustacean, and its major function is to make its food refusal, disturb g and D.Test shows that the chinaberry goods have certain meaning to harmful kind of eliminating in the rice terrace.But on economy and commercially produced product, also be worth discussion.

Therefore, research plant toosedarin is to the molluscan influence of oncomelania and develop new goods and have very important social and economic benefit.

The plant toosedarin also has tangible influence to protozoon

A spot of studies show that arranged, and the chinaberry preparation has certain influence to protozoon.The main meaning of research is human and warm blood animal are had protozoon parasite (Parasites)---the plasmodium of harm.It is a kind of protozoon of malaria disease.Therefore, the country in the torrid zone and subtropical zone has all launched research recently.Result of study shows that the chinaberry element is to the trypanosomiasis (Chaga) of South America, i.e. (Try panosoma Cruyi Flagellata) has certain curative effect in Ku Shi trypanosome.

According to the result of study of Mi Tela (1963), the gentle Nimes of Nimes must spit of fland sodium be diluted at 1: 500 o'clock 4. protozoan parasite was killed it in 1 minute.The chinaberry element all produces effect to plasmodium falciparum (Plasmodium falciparum), day plasmodium (P.yoellinigeriensis), malariae (P.berghei) and illiteracy Buddhist nun (tapeworm) (Moniejia sp.) etc.Therefore, this research has the meaning in the medical treatment.

7, many nutrition double effect biological toosedarin composite fertilizer prescription:

1. macroelement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content account for 25%;

2. micronutrient boron, zinc, copper, iron level account for 3%;

3. biological toosedarin (chinaberry seed meal) content accounts for 18%;

4. powder knot agent content accounts for 12%;

5. biological organic adsorbent accounts for 28%;

6. water content accounts for 14%.

Four, specific implementation method:

1, the preparing process of biological organic adsorbent powder:

At first with biological organic adsorbent material chopping, add 25% clear water it is deposited under 60 ℃ of-80 ℃ of high temperature, through about ten days, sorbent material gets final product slaking, breaks into 80-100 order powder with pulverizer again and gets final product.

2, the preparing process of macroelement and trace element:

Macroelement and trace element are proportioned, break into 100-200 purpose fine powder through pulverizer again and get final product.

3, the preparing process of biological toosedarin (chinaberry seed meal) powder:

The chinaberry seed is dried or dries, break into fine powder about the 100-150 order with pulverizer again, add 3% vegetables oil again, stir, be the full powder of chinaberry seed.

4, granulation, oven dry preparing process:

Biological organism adsorbent powder, macroelement, microelement powder and the full powder of biological toosedarin chinaberry seed are pressed formula rate cooperate, add 12% tackiness agent and 14% clear water again, enter stirrer and mix.Carry out granulation and oven dry then, can become many nutrition double effect biological toosedarin composite fertilizer finished product.

Claims (7)

1. the toosedarin of nutrition double effect biological more than kind composite fertilizer, contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macroelement and boron, zinc, copper, iron microelement, contain the full powder of biological toosedarin chinaberry seed of killing various pests simultaneously, so it has economic benefits and social benefits effects such as the crop yield effect of promotion and desinsection, this composite fertilizer also is furnished with biological organism sorbent material, binding agent and an amount of moisture content.

2. the described macroelement nitrogen of claim 1, phosphorus, potassium total content are 25%.

3. the described micronutrient boron of claim 1, zinc, copper, iron total content are 3%.

4. the described biological toosedarin with kill pests of claim 1---the full powder of chinaberry seed, fineness are the 100-150 order, and content is 18%.

5. the described biological organism adsorbent powder fineness of claim 1 is the 80-100 order, and content is 28%.

6. the described binder content of claim 1 is 12%.

7. described to contain an amount of moisture content be about 14% to claim 1.