CN102260002A - Process for treating and recycling rare earth wastewater containing high-concentration sodium chloride and ammonium chloride - Google Patents
Process for treating and recycling rare earth wastewater containing high-concentration sodium chloride and ammonium chloride Download PDFInfo
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- CN102260002A CN102260002A CN2011102071987A CN201110207198A CN102260002A CN 102260002 A CN102260002 A CN 102260002A CN 2011102071987 A CN2011102071987 A CN 2011102071987A CN 201110207198 A CN201110207198 A CN 201110207198A CN 102260002 A CN102260002 A CN 102260002A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for treating and recycling rare earth wastewater containing high-concentration sodium chloride and ammonium chloride. In the process, DEP (dielectrophoresis) is adopted to completely recycle sodium chloride wastewater, so that the sodium chloride wastewater discharged in a rare earth smelting process is completely recycled, and the settlement efficiency and working scope are improved by a DEP settlement process. During DEP microfiltration and DEP nanofiltration, the dielectrophoresis is used to enhance the treatment efficiency of membranes; and compared with the high energy consumption for high-pressure clean water input and the forced stopping of the membrane filtration effect in the traditional frequent backwashing process, the working continuity and efficiency of the membranes and low energy consumption can be guaranteed by DEP microfiltration and DEP nanofiltration. Compared with the energy consumption in industrial wastewater treatment by electrodialysis and reverse osmosis membrane, the energy demand and treatment cost are reduced because the osmotic pressure required for nanofiltration is low; and the high-concentration sodium chloride and ammonium chloride solutions are electrolyzed to generate chlorine, hydrogen, ammonia water and concentrated sodium chloride solution, then the hydrogen and chlorine are input into a hydrogen-chloride fuel cell to release the electric energy part for compensating the electric power consumption in the separation and recycling process, simultaneously diluted hydrochloric acid is generated after the reaction of the fuel cell, and the ammonia water and high-concentration sodium chloride solution produced in the electrolysis process are input into an osmotic pressure electric generating set for generating electricity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental technology field, relate to and be used for rare-earth smelting factory sodium-chlor for leading and containing higher concentration ammonia nitrogen and the wastewater treatment of kerosene emulsification and reclaim the active substance recycle, handle the energy that reclaims generation and be used for the additional or power supply of the energy, especially a kind of waste water treatment and reclamation that contains high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride rare earth utilizes technology.
Background technology
The sodium-chlor that in the sewage that rare-earth smelting factory is discharged, contains high density, not only contaminate environment, and waste resource.And also contain ammonium chloride and kerosene emulsification in the waste water, wherein ammonia nitrogen is the important pollutent of polluted-water, and the ammonia-nitrogen content in the water body exceeds standard and not only destroys ecotope and also can cause great harm to human and vegeto-animal existence and health.And high density like this and the complicated waste water of composition, treatment process now can't reach emission standards, also can't be with resource recycling.
The problem of exist actually is that if only contain the sodium-chlor of high density in the waste water, method commonly used is to obtain the crystal settling of sodium-chlor by evaporative crystallization.This technology can reduce the technology cost by optimization, but energy consumption is big.And produce desired substance because sodium-chlor is not rare-earth smelting factory, invest huge and the huge multipole evaporation technology and be not suitable for the local principle of handling and reclaiming the use resource of consuming energy.
In addition, contain high strength ammonium-chloride in the ammonium chloride waste-water that rare-earth smelting factory is discharged, its concentration is that existing treatment process consists essentially of following several respects more than the desired hundred times of emission standard: 1, biological oxidation process can't concentration of treatment be higher than the ammonium chloride waste-water of 0.5g/L; 2, the stripping stripping is sent out needs chemical agent adjustment pH value, and the ammonium salt residue behind the stripping is too high, still has secondary pollution problems; 3, ion exchange method can be used for handling, but needs frequent regeneration, so improved processing cost greatly; 4, many producers also adopt fresh water towards rare but waste water reaches emission standard, but so not only make environmental pollution, and have wasted water resources and ammonium salt in a large number; 5, distillation also is being used the concentrated ammonium salt to extract water, but distil process needs lot of energy, and the ammonium chloride in the waste water can not be decomposed and recycle in rare-earth smelting technology.The common ground of the above technology is: processing power is low, processing efficiency low (mostly being batch processed), and energy consumption is big, and the resource regeneration rate is extremely low.
In addition, the synthetic of the integrated electrodialysis process of reverse osmosis membrane also once was suggested as handling the effective scheme that ammonia nitrogen water pollutes.Yet technical process that is proposed and patented invention do not take into full account the complicacy of the contained material of ammonia nitrogen waste water.For example, often contain water/oily emulsification and other suspended substances in the ammonium chloride waste-water that behind rare-earth smelting, discharges, and these materials can not only shorten the water treatment efficiency of reverse osmosis membrane and the work-ing life that can reduce permeable membrane.In addition, because exigent film pressure in the reverse osmosis membrane technology, this means that also its requirement to water pump in the technology is high and consumes the more energy.Electrodialytic technique needs the very high energy equally.And, still contain other elements in the ammonium chloride concentrated solution after the processing, and be unfavorable for that waste recovery utilizes again.
By retrieval, do not find the publication document identical as yet with present patent application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide the good with low cost and waste water treatment and reclamation that contains high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride rare earth good environmental protection of a kind of treatment effect to utilize technology.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme of purpose is as follows:
A kind of waste water treatment and reclamation that contains high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride rare earth utilizes technology, and step is as follows:
(1) the waste water suspension liquid after natural subsidence is handled is input in the DEP micro-filtration, it is 1 to 2bar that work is pressed, the solid particulate of isolating in the suspension liquid to be contained, this concentrated solution re-circulates in the sedimentation, and the liquid of the outstanding absurd creature of the no solid that obtains inputs in the DEP nanofiltration group;
(2) through after repeatedly sedimentation circulates, contained kerosene emulsification will be input to DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration art breading in the solid particulate, and the kerosene emulsification is separated from suspension liquid, and the water purification after the processing inputs in the DEP nanofiltration group;
(3) in DEP nanofiltration group, the sodium chloride and the ammonium chloride of the liquid of the outstanding absurd creature of no solid are concentrated, contained ammonium radical ion in the waste water is shifted out, the liquid of removing the ammonium radical ion can be used for process water, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride concentrated solution will be input to electrolyzer, and the required pressure drop of nanofiltration work is 5 to 6bar;
(4) in electrolyzer, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride concentrated solution are by electrochemical reaction and by electrolysis, its electrolysis voltage is 2 to 3V, and electrolytic current density is 0.3-1A/cm
2, the high dense saline solution that electrolysis produces is input to the osmotic pressure power station and is used for generating electricity, and chlorine that produces and hydrogen input fuel cell are used for generating;
(5) chlorine of electrolysis generation and hydrogen are inputing to hydrogen chlorine fuel cell through after the drying treatment, and the direct current that fuel cell produces is connected to the grid through overcommutation electric energy supplement is provided, and the hydrogenchloride that fuel cell reaction generates is used for rare-earth smelting.
And the operating voltage of described DEP micro-filtration and nanofiltration exchanges 200V, 100kHz.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:
1, the present invention adopts DEP to carry out the recycling fully of sodium chloride waste water, and the sodium chloride waste water of rare-earth smelting technology discharging will be recycled fully, realizes zero release, low cost, less energy-consumption.The DEP sedimentation process has improved settled efficient and working range.In DEP micro-filtration and DEP nanofiltration, dielectrophoresis all is used for the processing efficiency of reinforced film, need the high energy consumption of high pressure input clear water with traditional frequent back flushing and be forced to the stopper film filteration and compare, DEP micro-filtration and DEP nanofiltration allow the continuity of film work and high efficiency and energy consumption low.The kerosene emulsification is enhanced can be by DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration technology rich long-pending and reclaim and be used for rare-earth smelting technology in its concentration, adopt nanofiltration membrane will wherein sodium ion, ammonium ion and chlorion selectivity to separate from waste water and rich long-pending to reach selective separation sodium-chlor and ammonium chloride waste-water.Compare with reverse osmosis membrane and electrodialysis process trade effluent energy consumption, owing to the demand that reduced the energy and the cost of processing are forced down in the required infiltration of nanofiltration membrane, electrolysis high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride solution produce chlorine, hydrogen and ammoniacal liquor and sodium-chlor concentrated solution, hydrogen and chlorine are imported in the hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell to discharge the power consumption that electric energy partly compensates whole process for separating and recovering, simultaneously after the reaction of fuel cell, produce dilute hydrochloric acid, and ammoniacal liquor that in electrolysis process, produces and the generating of sodium-chlor highly concentrated solution input osmotic pressure generating set.
2, the present invention can handle high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride waste-water continuously, improve efficient that permeable membrane handles and prolong permeable membrane duration of service to reduce cost and to improve processing efficiency, reasonably optimizing uses permeable membrane to reduce energy consumption, selectivity is rich long-pending and separate effective constituent in the waste water, according to industrial specific requirement, effective constituent is made required chemical substance in the suitable waste water, the gas that utilizes technical process to produce is made fuel cell and is replenished as electric energy for technology, the medelling continuous processing can be optimized the composition technical process with ammonium chloride and different industry to the requirement of recycling composition according to different content sodium-chlor, and spissated high density saline solution is used for the osmotic pressure generating after handling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a DEP processor structure synoptic diagram involved in the present invention;
Fig. 2 contains high density chlorination sodium for the present invention and the ammonium chloride RE waste water is handled the recycling artwork.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described to specific embodiment below by accompanying drawing, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
A kind of waste water treatment and reclamation that contains high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride rare earth utilizes technology, and concrete steps and working conditions are as follows:
(1) the waste water suspension liquid after natural subsidence is handled is input in the DEP micro-filtration, it is 1 to 2bar that work is pressed, the solid particulate that is contained to isolate in the suspension liquid, concentrated solution re-circulates in the sedimentation, and the liquid of the outstanding absurd creature of resulting no solid inputs in the DEP nanofiltration group after handling;
(2) through after repeatedly sedimentation circulates, contained kerosene emulsification will be input to DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration art breading in the solid particulate, and the kerosene emulsification is separated from suspension liquid.The principle of work of DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration technology is similar to the DEP micro-filtration to structure, and working conditions is identical with the DEP micro-filtration, and the water purification after the processing inputs in the DEP nanofiltration group;
(3) in DEP nanofiltration group, the sodium chloride and the ammonium chloride of the liquid of the outstanding absurd creature of no solid will be concentrated, thereby contained ammonium radical ion in the waste water is shifted out, the liquid of removing the ammonium radical ion can be used for process water, and sodium chloride and ammonium chloride concentrated solution will be input to electrolyzer, and the required pressure drop of nanofiltration work is 5 to 6bar;
(4) in electrolyzer, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride concentrated solution are by electrochemical reaction and by electrolysis, its electrolysis voltage is 2 to 3V, and electrolytic current density is 0.3-1A/cm2.The high dense saline solution that electrolysis produces can be input to the osmotic pressure power station and be used for generating, and chlorine that produces and hydrogen can be imported fuel cell and is used for generating, and is different with the electrolysis treatment amount with ammonium chloride concentration according to different sodium chlorides, also variation to some extent of parameter;
(5) chlorine of electrolysis generation and hydrogen are inputing to hydrogen chlorine fuel cell through after the drying treatment, and the direct current that fuel cell produces can be connected to the grid through overcommutation electric energy supplement is provided, and the hydrogenchloride that fuel cell reaction generates can be used for rare-earth smelting.
All technologies do not have specified otherwise all at normal temperature, and normal pressure is work down, there is no other specific working conditions requirement.Dielectrophoresis (DEP) operating voltage exchanges 200V 100kHz.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
At first sedimentation separates greater than 10 microns solia particles diameter ammonium chloride waste-water from waste water through DEP.This sedimentation process by the dielectrophoresis technology to strengthen its settling efficiency and sedimentation process range (promptly increase can handle particle size scope to 10 micron).Referring to Fig. 1, the dielectrophoresis force that the asymmetric electric field by electrode 1 produces has strengthened the kinetic energy that particulate moves downward, to have improved settled efficient and working range.
The waste water of handling through sedimentation is imported into the technical process of DEP micro-filtration to remove all solids suspended substance in the waste water.In this link, the use of dielectrophoresis force to reduce permeable membrane 2 because solid and liquid particle stop up attached to the film that causes on the film and the problem of filtration treatment amount decline.Especially the kerosene emulsification that uses in rare-earth smelting technology, still part is present in the waste water.Because filter the high pressure that is applied, the kerosene oil droplet in these emulsifications is very easy to block the permeable membrane fenestra and causes the film latch up phenomenon that can't reverse.So, descend the work-ing life of permeable membrane, filtration area reduces, the also corresponding decline of treatment capacity, thus cause the raising greatly of processing cost.Because the negative dielectrophoresis character that in water, shown of kerosene oil droplet, and by dielectrophoresis force to the direction motion of permeable membrane surface opposite, and postpone water (flow) direction and discharge membrane module, so solved the problems referred to above that the kerosene emulsification is caused.The waste water that filters the no suspended solid that produces will be pumped to next processing links, and concentrated solution will be recycled and can DEP sedimentation link further handle.Because kerosene emulsification contained concentration in raw wastewater is lower, through after certain continuous circular treatment, its concentration will be enhanced can be by DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration technology rich long-pending and reclaim and be used for rare-earth smelting technology.And the waste water of the no suspended solid of crossing through DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration art breading will together pump into next processing links with the same waste water that produces in the DEP micro-filtration technology: multiple DEP nanofiltration technique.
Because contained sodium-chlor and ammonium chloride content height in the raw wastewater, so adopt multiple DEP nanofiltration technique so that the waste water height concentrates simultaneously that the salt concn in the waste water is up to standard so that recycle in the rare-earth smelting technology.Adopt nanofiltration membrane to reach the purpose of selective separation here.Because the fenestra of nanofiltration membrane only allows monovalent ion to pass through, so can be with the sodium ion in the waste water, ammonium ion separates from waste water with the chlorion selectivity and is rich long-pending.In addition, with the required energy of reverse osmosis membrane and electrodialysis process trade effluent relatively, owing to the demand that reduced the energy and the cost of processing are forced down in the required infiltration of nanofiltration membrane.In the nanofiltration membrane separation technology of routine, the fenestra of nanofiltration membrane is stopped up in crystallization that produces owing to the concentration difference of nanofiltration membrane both sides and fouling meeting, so, dielectrophoresis force is used that remove may be attached to the crystal fine particle in the fenestra on the film or even, to guarantee the real work area and the processing efficiency of nanofiltration membrane.In DEP micro-filtration and DEP nanofiltration, dielectrophoresis all is used for the processing efficiency of reinforced film.Need the high energy consumption of high pressure input clear water with traditional frequent back flushing and be forced to the stopper film filteration and compare, DEP micro-filtration and DEP nanofiltration allow the continuity of film work and high efficiency and energy consumption low.
The high density chlorination sodium and the ammonium chloride solution that are produced behind above-mentioned waste water treatment process will be imported into electrolyzer.In electrolyzer,, and produce the gas mixture of ammonia and hydrogen at negative electrode because the electrochemical anode that acts on produces chlorine.The hydroxide ion reaction of understanding in water in rapid and the water owing to ammonia forms ammoniacal liquor, so the electrolytic chlorination ammonium will produce three kinds of products: hydrogen, ammoniacal liquor and chlorine and spissated sodium chloride solution.Hydrogen and chlorine are imported into the power consumption that partly compensates whole process for separating and recovering in the hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell with the release electric energy, produce dilute hydrochloric acid simultaneously after the reaction of fuel cell.The high strong solution of remaining ammoniacal liquor and sodium-chlor will be imported into the osmotic pressure power station and be used for generating.
So, all will be recycled fully from the ammonium chloride waste-water of rare-earth smelting technology discharging, realize zero release, low cost, less energy-consumption.
The following describes and relate to micro-filtration of the present invention and nanofiltration.
Micro-filtration is used for liquid-solid separation, and the particulate in the suspension liquid is shifted out to obtain the liquid of no suspension solid phase.In conventional micro-filtration, owing to be used in high osmotic pressure in the micro-filtration, particulate will be easy to attached on the permeable membrane or be trapped in the infiltration fenestra, thereby cause water purification production output to descend, and separation efficiency reduces, results such as the working life minimizing of permeable membrane.Therefore, conventional micro-filtration technology is used the work-ing life of high-frequency and high-voltage back flushing the prolongation with the method that will shift out attached to the particulate on permeable membrane permeable membrane.Yet when using back flushing, micro-filtration technology must stop, so, although back flushing can also can't keep separation efficiency and water purifying production output in the working hour of improving permeable membrane to a certain degree.In addition, the required high-pressure pump of back flushing expends very big electric weight, thereby has improved the running cost of micro-filtration technology.
Similarly, in the nanofiltration technique, because concentration difference at the permeable membrane two ends, thereby cause the institute's saliniferous moment concentration raising in the liquid of handling, because under certain envrionment conditions, the solubleness of this salt in water is certain, thus the xln of this salt will be separated out and can attached on the permeable membrane or be trapped in the infiltration fenestra in.Along with the input of more saline solution, so thereby this salt gets xln can progressively grow up fenestra is stopped up.Thereby the working area that has so not only reduced nanofiltration membrane reduces separation efficiency, the decline of turnout, and as do not handle and will and can't work whole nanofiltration technique stagnation.Same back-flushing method often is used and washes fenestra.Its drawback is as implied above.In addition; the industrial adding chemical agent that also often adopts shifts out relevant salt to reduce the generation of this situation; yet so processing has not only improved the running cost of nanofiltration; and the medicament that adds will need other technology to cooperate and generation damages to nanofiltration membrane through regular meeting, and the pollution that may cause environment.
Thereby DEP micro-filtration involved in the present invention and nanofiltration are to use the dielectrophoresis force that acts on the particulate to make particulate or salt crystal reached the generation that nothing is blocked up the film phenomenon near moving apart permeable membrane before the permeable membrane.Its structure is that interdigital electrode is installed in permeable membrane below, because the effect of the negative dielectrophoresis force that particulate is subjected to is pushed the ionization electrode surface, thereby and is taken away the effect that particulate can't close permeable membrane that reaches by current.So structure can guarantee micro-filtration and nanofiltration continuous firing, does not have stifled film phenomenon and takes place, and improves the working efficiency and the work-ing life of permeable membrane.
Claims (2)
1. a waste water treatment and reclamation that contains high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride rare earth utilizes technology, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1) the waste water suspension liquid after natural subsidence is handled is input in the DEP micro-filtration, it is 1 to 2bar that work is pressed, the solid particulate of isolating in the suspension liquid to be contained, this concentrated solution re-circulates in the sedimentation, and the liquid of the outstanding absurd creature of the no solid that obtains inputs in the DEP nanofiltration group;
(2) through after repeatedly sedimentation circulates, contained kerosene emulsification will be input to DEP-DEEP-BED micro-filtration art breading in the solid particulate, and the kerosene emulsification is separated from suspension liquid, and the water purification after the processing inputs in the DEP nanofiltration group;
(3) in DEP nanofiltration group, the sodium chloride and the ammonium chloride of the liquid of the outstanding absurd creature of no solid are concentrated, contained ammonium radical ion in the waste water is shifted out, the liquid of removing the ammonium radical ion can be used for process water, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride concentrated solution will be input to electrolyzer, and the required pressure drop of nanofiltration work is 5 to 6bar;
(4) in electrolyzer, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride concentrated solution are by electrochemical reaction and by electrolysis, its electrolysis voltage is 2 to 3V, and electrolytic current density is 0.3-1A/cm
2, the high dense saline solution that electrolysis produces is input to the osmotic pressure power station and is used for generating electricity, and chlorine that produces and hydrogen input fuel cell are used for generating;
(5) chlorine of electrolysis generation and hydrogen are inputing to hydrogen chlorine fuel cell through after the drying treatment, and the direct current that fuel cell produces is connected to the grid through overcommutation electric energy supplement is provided, and the hydrogenchloride that fuel cell reaction generates is used for rare-earth smelting.
2. the waste water treatment and reclamation that contains high density chlorination sodium and ammonium chloride rare earth according to claim 1 utilizes technology, it is characterized in that: the operating voltage of described DEP micro-filtration and nanofiltration exchanges 200V, 100kHz.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103463987A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古天一环境技术有限公司 | Method for strengthening filter capacity of osmotic membrane through dielectrophoresis technology |
| CN103463985A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古天一环境技术有限公司 | Osmosis membrane assembly for dielectrophoresis forward-osmosis flat plate |
| CN104071941A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 燕山大学 | Method for recovering ammonium chloride in rare-earth ammonium salt wastewater to prepare agricultural chemical fertilizer |
| CN115259119A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-11-01 | 北京水木方科技有限公司 | Method for continuously preparing battery-grade iron phosphate by using ferrous chloride |
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| CN101555053A (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-14 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Compound coagulant used for treating rare-earth highly concentrated ammonian wastewater to recover industry ammonium chloride and treatment method |
| US20100187178A1 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2010-07-29 | Molycorp Minerals, Llc | Process for removing and sequestering contaminants from aqueous streams |
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| US20100187178A1 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2010-07-29 | Molycorp Minerals, Llc | Process for removing and sequestering contaminants from aqueous streams |
| CN101088935A (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2007-12-19 | 张凌云 | RE waste water treating complete circulation process |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103463987A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古天一环境技术有限公司 | Method for strengthening filter capacity of osmotic membrane through dielectrophoresis technology |
| CN103463985A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古天一环境技术有限公司 | Osmosis membrane assembly for dielectrophoresis forward-osmosis flat plate |
| CN103463987B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-07-01 | 内蒙古天一环境技术有限公司 | Method for strengthening filter capacity of osmotic membrane through dielectrophoresis technology |
| CN104071941A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 燕山大学 | Method for recovering ammonium chloride in rare-earth ammonium salt wastewater to prepare agricultural chemical fertilizer |
| CN104071941B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-03-02 | 燕山大学 | In a kind of recovering rare earth ammonium salt waste water, ammonium chloride prepares the method for agrochemical |
| CN115259119A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-11-01 | 北京水木方科技有限公司 | Method for continuously preparing battery-grade iron phosphate by using ferrous chloride |
| CN115259119B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-02-27 | 北京水木方科技有限公司 | Method for continuously preparing battery-grade ferric phosphate by using ferrous chloride |
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