CN102258297B - Process for processing basin residue into silk floss quilt - Google Patents
Process for processing basin residue into silk floss quilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN102258297B CN102258297B CN2010105385483A CN201010538548A CN102258297B CN 102258297 B CN102258297 B CN 102258297B CN 2010105385483 A CN2010105385483 A CN 2010105385483A CN 201010538548 A CN201010538548 A CN 201010538548A CN 102258297 B CN102258297 B CN 102258297B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for processing a basin residue into a silk floss quilt. The process mainly comprises the steps of spraying with alkaline water, rolling, cutting, soaking, degreasing, degumming, bleaching, drying, beating, puffing and the like. By the process, the basin residue can be directly processed into the silk floss quilt; the process is simple, convenient and smooth in operation, low in production cost and suitable for industrialized production; and the produced silk floss quilt has uniform specification, little impurity and good grease removing effect, and is soft, pure white and high in quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cocoon-fibre quilt production technical field, particularly a kind of technique that pelettes is processed into to cocoon-fibre quilt.
Background technology
When silkworm, owing to weaving silk in a large number, when the body body dwindles greatly, the cephalothorax swing speed slows down, and there is no certain rhythm, weaves silk and starts to seem in disorder, forms the silk layer of loose softness, is called pelettes
.in filature is produced, for guaranteeing the high-grade raw silk quality, take to pinch in advance the measure except pelettes.The silk caused is failed to take full advantage of and is become the leftover bits and pieces raw material.Pelettes is always to do basinetto silk, its cotton sheet is being mingled with a large amount of pupal cells, the pupa impurity such as consider to be worth doing, cast off a skin, and higher fat content arranged, can only use as silk spinning raw material, it is long that reeling mill processes the basinetto silk production cycle by pelettes, takies the large tracts of land place, expends large water gaging and soda ash, cause environmental pollution, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
Notification number CN1069532A, the Chinese invention patent that the day for announcing is on March 3rd, 1993, a kind of pelettes silk flosssilk wadding production equipment and manufacturing technique method have been announced, this process adopts buck directly to spray pelettes, one step degreasing degumming process, the processes such as the rear employing of dehydration cross directional stretch is bulk are processed into silk flosssilk wadding by pelettes, but the cotton sheet impurity that this process is produced, the grease removal effect is bad, still contain more impurity in cotton sheet, grease, cotton sheet is soft not, the silk flosssilk wadding color of producing is partially yellow, color and luster is fair and clear not, be processed to form the cocoon-fibre quilt quality not high, the cotton sheet work in-process easily is out of shape, individual cotton sheet obtained can not directly be made cocoon-fibre quilt, need further processing just can make cocoon-fibre quilt, cost is high, complicated operation, be not suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the technique that provides a kind of pelettes to be processed into cocoon-fibre quilt, it can directly be processed into cocoon-fibre quilt by pelettes, easy and simple to handle, smooth, production cost is low, applicable suitability for industrialized production; The cocoon-fibre quilt uniform specification of producing, cocoon-fibre quilt impurity is few, the grease removal effect is good, and cocoon-fibre quilt is soft, color is pure white, quality is high.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above and realizes that the technical scheme that its goal of the invention adopts is:
A kind of pelettes is processed into the technique of cocoon-fibre quilt, and described technique comprises the following steps:
(1) reinforced: pelettes adds in cotton machine; Put the pupa basin before the cylinder of cotton machine, pelettes is added to puts in the pupa basin;
(2) buck sprays: the NaOH solution spraying that the employing mass concentration is 0.3 ~ 0.6% is on pelettes, and the temperature of described NaOH solution is 40 ~ 60 ℃; Buck adopts the spray mode can make pelettes be subject to alkali even, the purpose of buck spray is to make the silk layer of pelettes become loose, similar chromosome is to chromatinic conversion, and the silk that is beneficial to like this pelettes is wound on the cotton machine cylinder, and the temperature of buck just can play effect preferably at 40 ~ 60 ℃, temperature is high, the action effect that the silk layer becomes loose can not increase, and energy consumption increases, causes cost high on the contrary, adopts the buck spray that temperature is higher, be unfavorable for employee's operation, be easy to scald the operator;
(3) rolling: the pelettes after the buck spray directly is rolled into the elementary cotton sheet of even thickness under the effect of the cylinder of cotton machine and blade; In the rolling process, constantly there is the buck spray to put untreated pelettes in the pupa basin, pelettes is after the buck spray, will be rolled at once, rolling is connected better with the buck spray, the elementary cotton sheet regular shape that rolling obtains, even thickness, for guaranteeing the even thickness of elementary cotton sheet, blade at cotton machine connects the detection control system, detect the thickness that control system can detect elementary cotton sheet on cylinder in real time, according to the varied in thickness of elementary cotton sheet, automatically adjust the compaction degree of blade, thereby guarantee the elementary cotton sheet even thickness obtained; The impurity such as rolling can remove most pupal cell, cast off a skin;
(4) cutting is soaked: by elementary cotton sheet, under the cylinder cutting, the smooth high temperature resistant typing bag formation typing cotton sheet of putting into, then put into clear water and soak 1 ~ 3 day; High temperature resistant typing bag is to formulate according to the shape of elementary cotton sheet, high temperature resistant typing bag can not be out of shape in following process in order to guarantee elementary cotton sheet, final like this shape specification unification when cotton sheet is processed into cocoon-fibre quilt, cotton sheet does not need to process the cocoon-fibre quilt that processing is unified specification again; The sack that high temperature resistant typing bag is made for grid cloth, have resistance to elevated temperatures, is convenient to use in follow-up high temperature kiering and can not decompose distortion; Clear water soak can make the pupal cell that remains on elementary cotton sheet, cast off a skin, impurity is softening rots for pupa bits etc., be convenient to subsequent operation these impurity are removed clean; Clear water soaks and is mainly used in removing the grease on silk surface, expanded silk gum;
The dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (4) step is soaked put into dewaterer dewater to water content be 20 ~ 25%;
(6) degreasing is come unstuck, bleached: the typing cotton sheet after (5) step is processed is put into the kier liquor kiering 2 ~ 3 hours, the kier liquor temperature is 100 ~ 110 ℃, and being added with mass concentration in kier liquor is 0.3 ~ 0.4% washing agent, 1.5 ~ 2% bleaching agents, 0.3 ~ 0.4% defoamer and 0.02 ~ 0.03% Na
2cO
3; The high temperature kiering comes unstuck for the degreasing of cotton sheet silk, and detergent use is in removing grease residual on the cotton sheet silk, and washing agent is commercially available, model 105 types, Zhejiang Province Chuanhua Co., Ltd; Bleaching agent plays discoloration, can also cut grease; Defoamer is for eliminating the foam that bleaching agent adds rear generation; Add Na
2cO
3for thoroughly removing silk gum residual on the cotton sheet silk, silk gum is removed more thorough, and the feel of cocoon-fibre quilt is better, simultaneously Na
2cO
3all right demineralized water, be beneficial to degreasing and come unstuck, bleach;
The dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (6) step is processed put into dewaterer dewater to water content be 20 ~ 25%;
(8) giant rinses: the typing cotton sheet that adopts giant (7) to obtain step is rinsed, until rinsed the water of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design, is clarification; Giant rinses, and for removing the residue after the high temperature kiering, also can remove softening rotten impurity simultaneously, makes Impurity removal clean;
(9) soak: the typing cotton sheet after giant washes down is put into to fermentation vat and soak 1 ~ 2 hour, being added with mass concentration in the soak of described fermentation vat is 0.3 ~ 0.4% softening agent; Adding of softening agent makes silk become soft, the cocoon-fibre quilt good hand touch made, and softening agent is commercially available, model: 404A, Zhejiang Province Chuanhua Co., Ltd produces;
(10) dry: the high temperature resistant typing bag removal that the cotton sheet of finalize the design is outer, then under 40 ~ 50 ℃, dry to water content be below 4%, obtain the finished product cotton sheet; Bake out temperature is too high, and silk can turn to be yellow, and bake out temperature is too low, can extend drying time, does not even have drying effect, inefficiency;
(11) bullet is beaten expanded: finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten expanded, every finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten after expanded and is a complete finished silk cotton-wadded quilt.Finished product cotton sheet shape, uniform specification, every finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten after expanded and is a complete finished silk cotton-wadded quilt, without extra process, process easy, efficiency is high, saves cost, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
As preferably, step (3) in: in elementary cotton sheet rolling forming process, also adopted artificial except miscellaneous operation.Filature is labour intensive profession, can contain the impurity of artificial formation in the pelettes obtained: as primary screw, nut, little plastic sheet etc., therefore clean for removal of impurities, in elementary cotton sheet rolling forming process, also carry out manually except miscellaneous operation, to remove these impurity, guarantee that removal of impurities is clean.
As preferably, the elementary cotton sheet thickness that step obtains in (3) is 0.3 ~ 1cm.Such thickness is applicable to being processed into a pull spring cotton-wadded quilt.
As preferably, step (6) described bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide, and defoamer is sodium metasilicate.Bleaching agent plays discoloration, can also cut grease; Defoamer is for eliminating the foam that bleaching agent adds rear generation.
As preferably, described step (7) in, before the typing cotton sheet is put into dewaterer, first adopt clear water to rinse 1 ~ 3 minute the typing cotton sheet.Clear water (temperature is normal temperature) before dehydration rinses, and is a cooling procedure after the high temperature kiering, to prevent cotton sheet, without cooling just dehydration, causes the impact on cotton sheet structure (shape, the uniformity).
As preferably, (9) described step also is added with the glacial acetic acid that mass concentration is 0.06 ~ 0.09% in soak.Glacial acetic acid can accelerate the assimilation effect of softening agent, and can prevent grease residual in silk from oozing out and cause silk flosssilk wadding jaundice, thereby guarantees that the cocoon-fibre quilt of producing is pure white and inhibited from yellowing.
As preferably, described step (6) with step (9) in, the amount of putting into of the cotton sheet of at every turn finalizing the design is 70 ~ 80.This amount of putting into is applicable to Production requirement, also can have more the actual conditions increase and decrease.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, pelettes directly is processed into cocoon-fibre quilt, easy and simple to handle, smooth, production cost is low, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production; The cocoon-fibre quilt uniform specification of 2, producing, cocoon-fibre quilt impurity is few, the grease removal effect is good, and cocoon-fibre quilt is soft, color is pure white, quality is high; 3, the intermediate products cotton sheet is not yielding, without operation bidirectional, can be processed as cocoon-fibre quilt.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
(1) reinforced: that pelettes is added to putting in the pupa basin of cotton machine;
(2) buck sprays: adopt the NaOH solution spraying of mass concentration 0.3% on pelettes, the temperature of NaOH solution is 40 ℃;
(3) rolling: start cotton machine, the pelettes after the buck spray is rolled into thickness 0.3cm under the effect of cotton machine cylinder and blade, and the elementary cotton sheet of even thickness;
(4) cutting is soaked: by elementary cotton sheet, under the cylinder cutting, an every smooth rectangular high temperature resistant typing bag formation typing cotton sheet of putting into of elementary cotton sheet, then put into clear water and soak 1 day, and the clear water temperature is room temperature;
(5) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (4) step is soaked is put into dewaterer and is dewatered to water content 20%;
(6) degreasing is come unstuck, bleached: (5) step is processed to rear 70 typing cotton sheets and put into the kier liquor kiering 2 hours, the kier liquor temperature is 100 ℃, is added with 105 type washing agent, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.3% sodium metasilicate and 0.02% Na of mass concentration 0.3% in kier liquor
2cO
3;
(7) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (6) step is processed is rinsed 1 minute the typing cotton sheet with clear water, so puts into dewaterer and dewaters to water content 20%;
(8) giant rinses: the typing cotton sheet that adopts giant (7) to obtain step is rinsed, until rinsed the clarification of water of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design;
(9) soak: the typing cotton sheet after giant is washed down is put into fermentation vat and is soaked 1 hour, is added with the softening agent 404A of mass concentration 0.3%, 0.06% glacial acetic acid in the soak of described fermentation vat;
(10) dry: the outer high temperature resistant typing bag of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design is removed, and then dries under 40 ℃ to water content and, below 4%, obtains the finished product cotton sheet;
(11) bullet is beaten expanded: finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten expanded, every finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten after expanded and is a complete finished silk cotton-wadded quilt.
Embodiment 2:
(1) reinforced: that pelettes is added to putting in the pupa basin of cotton machine;
(2) buck sprays: adopt the NaOH solution spraying of mass concentration 0.6% on pelettes, the temperature of NaOH solution is 60 ℃;
(3) rolling: start cotton machine, the pelettes after the buck spray is rolled into thickness 1cm under the effect of cotton machine cylinder and blade, and the elementary cotton sheet of even thickness;
(4) cutting is soaked: by elementary cotton sheet, under the cylinder cutting, an every smooth rectangular high temperature resistant typing bag formation typing cotton sheet of putting into of elementary cotton sheet, then put into clear water and soak 3 days, and the clear water temperature is room temperature;
(5) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (4) step is soaked is put into dewaterer and is dewatered to water content 25%;
(6) degreasing is come unstuck, bleached: (5) step is processed to rear 80 typing cotton sheets and put into the kier liquor kiering 3 hours, the kier liquor temperature is 110 ℃, is added with 105 type washing agent, 2% hydrogen peroxide, 0.4% sodium metasilicate and 0.03% Na of mass concentration 0.4% in kier liquor
2cO
3;
(7) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (6) step is processed is rinsed 3 minutes the typing cotton sheet with clear water, so puts into dewaterer and dewaters to water content 25%;
(8) giant rinses: the typing cotton sheet that adopts giant (7) to obtain step is rinsed, until rinsed the clarification of water of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design;
(9) soak: the typing cotton sheet after giant is washed down is put into fermentation vat and is soaked 2 hours, is added with the softening agent 404A of mass concentration 0.4%, 0.09% glacial acetic acid in the soak of described fermentation vat;
(10) dry: the outer high temperature resistant typing bag of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design is removed, and then dries under 50 ℃ to water content and, below 4%, obtains the finished product cotton sheet;
(11) bullet is beaten expanded: finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten expanded, every finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten after expanded and is a complete finished silk cotton-wadded quilt.
Embodiment 3:
(1) reinforced: that pelettes is added to putting in the pupa basin of cotton machine;
(2) buck sprays: adopt the NaOH solution spraying of mass concentration 0.45% on pelettes, the temperature of NaOH solution is 50 ℃;
(3) rolling: start cotton machine, the pelettes after the buck spray is rolled into thickness 0.7cm under the effect of cotton machine cylinder and blade, and the elementary cotton sheet of even thickness, and in rolling, the operative employee also carries out manual removal's operation to the impurity on elementary cotton sheet;
(4) cutting is soaked: by elementary cotton sheet, under the cylinder cutting, an every smooth rectangular high temperature resistant typing bag formation typing cotton sheet of putting into of elementary cotton sheet, then put into clear water and soak 2 days, and the clear water temperature is room temperature;
(5) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (4) step is soaked is put into dewaterer and is dewatered to water content 22%;
(6) degreasing is come unstuck, is bleached: (5) step is processed to rear 75 typing cotton sheets and put into the kier liquor kiering 2.5 hours, the kier liquor temperature is 105 ℃, is added with 105 type washing agent, 1.7% hydrogen peroxide, 0.35% sodium metasilicate and 0.025% Na of mass concentration 0.35% in kier liquor
2cO
3;
(7) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (6) step is processed is rinsed 2 minutes the typing cotton sheet with clear water, so puts into dewaterer and dewaters to water content 22%;
(8) giant rinses: the typing cotton sheet that adopts giant (7) to obtain step is rinsed, until rinsed the clarification of water of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design;
(9) soak: the typing cotton sheet after giant is washed down is put into fermentation vat and is soaked 1.5 hours, is added with the softening agent 404A of mass concentration 0.35%, 0.07% glacial acetic acid in the soak of described fermentation vat;
(10) dry: the outer high temperature resistant typing bag of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design is removed, and then dries under 45 ℃ to water content and, below 4%, obtains the finished product cotton sheet;
(11) bullet is beaten expanded: finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten expanded, every finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten after expanded and is a complete finished silk cotton-wadded quilt.
Cocoon-fibre quilt impurity by explained hereafter of the present invention is few, the grease removal effect is good, and cocoon-fibre quilt is soft, color is pure white, quality is high.
Above-described embodiment is preferably scheme of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim puts down in writing.
Claims (5)
1. a pelettes is processed into the technique of cocoon-fibre quilt, and it is characterized in that: described technique comprises the following steps:
(1) reinforced: pelettes adds in cotton machine;
(2) buck sprays: the NaOH solution spraying that the employing mass concentration is 0.3 ~ 0.6% is on pelettes, and the temperature of described NaOH solution is 40 ~ 60 ℃;
(3) rolling: the pelettes after the buck spray directly is rolled into the elementary cotton sheet of even thickness under the effect of the cylinder of cotton machine and blade;
(4) cutting is soaked: by elementary cotton sheet, under the cylinder cutting, the smooth high temperature resistant typing bag formation typing cotton sheet of putting into, then put into clear water and soak 1 ~ 3 day;
The dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (4) step is soaked put into dewaterer dewater to water content be 20 ~ 25%;
(6) degreasing is come unstuck, bleached: the typing cotton sheet after (5) step is processed is put into the kier liquor kiering 2 ~ 3 hours, the kier liquor temperature is 100 ~ 110 ℃, and being added with mass concentration in kier liquor is 0.3 ~ 0.4% washing agent, 1.5 ~ 2% bleaching agents, 0.3 ~ 0.4% defoamer and 0.02 ~ 0.03%Na
2cO
3;
(7) dehydration: the typing cotton sheet after (6) step is processed put into dewaterer dewater to water content be 20 ~ 25%, typing before cotton sheet puts into dewaterer, first adopts clear water to rinse 1 ~ 3 minute the typing cotton sheet;
(8) giant rinses: the typing cotton sheet that adopts giant (7) to obtain step is rinsed, until rinsed the water of the cotton sheet of finalizing the design, is clarification;
(9) soak: the typing cotton sheet after giant washes down is put into to fermentation vat and soak 1 ~ 2 hour, being added with mass concentration in the soak of described fermentation vat is 0.3 ~ 0.4% softening agent, also is added with the glacial acetic acid that mass concentration is 0.06 ~ 0.09% in described soak;
(10) dry: the high temperature resistant typing bag removal that the cotton sheet of finalize the design is outer, then under 40 ~ 50 ℃, dry to water content be below 4%, obtain the finished product cotton sheet;
(11) bullet is beaten expanded: finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten expanded, every finished product cotton sheet bullet is beaten after expanded and is a complete finished silk cotton-wadded quilt.
2. pelettes according to claim 1 is processed into the technique of cocoon-fibre quilt, it is characterized in that: step (3) in: in elementary cotton sheet rolling forming process, also adopted artificial except miscellaneous operation.
3. pelettes according to claim 1 and 2 is processed into the technique of cocoon-fibre quilt, it is characterized in that: the elementary cotton sheet thickness that step obtains in (3) is 0.3 ~ 1cm.
4. pelettes according to claim 1 is processed into the technique of cocoon-fibre quilt, it is characterized in that: step (6) described bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide, and defoamer is sodium metasilicate.
5. be processed into the technique of cocoon-fibre quilt according to the described pelettes of claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that: described step (6) with step (9) in, the amount of putting into of the cotton sheet of at every turn finalizing the design is 70 ~ 80.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105385483A CN102258297B (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2010-11-10 | Process for processing basin residue into silk floss quilt |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105385483A CN102258297B (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2010-11-10 | Process for processing basin residue into silk floss quilt |
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| CN102258297A CN102258297A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
| CN102258297B true CN102258297B (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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| CN2010105385483A Expired - Fee Related CN102258297B (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2010-11-10 | Process for processing basin residue into silk floss quilt |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104278336A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-14 | 南通那芙尔服饰有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bassinas silk quilt |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102590012B (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-12-04 | 苏州大学 | Method for measuring gel rate of silk flosses |
| CN106149062B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2018-06-15 | 荣县聚丰养蚕专业合作社 | The method that dupion produces silk floss |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1615244A1 (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-12-23 | Центральный научно-исследовательский институт по переработке штапельных волокон | Apparatus for liquid treatment of silk production waste |
| CN1069532A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-03-03 | 地方国营新昌丝厂 | Chrysalis lining silk floss production equipment and manufacturing technique method |
| CN1475619A (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2004-02-18 | 许景峰 | Industrial production of natural cocoon sheet and method of in situ processing natural cocoon silk quilt |
| CN1923090A (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2007-03-07 | 潘新平 | Manufacturing method of washable mulberry silk quilt |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02133604A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1990-05-22 | Zentaro Ikeda | Production of silk spun yarn and chemical to be used in its production and silk spun yarn produced using same |
-
2010
- 2010-11-10 CN CN2010105385483A patent/CN102258297B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1615244A1 (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-12-23 | Центральный научно-исследовательский институт по переработке штапельных волокон | Apparatus for liquid treatment of silk production waste |
| CN1069532A (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-03-03 | 地方国营新昌丝厂 | Chrysalis lining silk floss production equipment and manufacturing technique method |
| CN1475619A (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2004-02-18 | 许景峰 | Industrial production of natural cocoon sheet and method of in situ processing natural cocoon silk quilt |
| CN1923090A (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2007-03-07 | 潘新平 | Manufacturing method of washable mulberry silk quilt |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP平2-133604A 1990.05.22 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104278336A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-14 | 南通那芙尔服饰有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bassinas silk quilt |
| CN104278336B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2017-01-11 | 南通那芙尔服饰有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bassinas silk quilt |
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| CN102258297A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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