CN102257279A - 具有偏置蜗形部的离心泵 - Google Patents

具有偏置蜗形部的离心泵 Download PDF

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CN102257279A
CN102257279A CN2009801509529A CN200980150952A CN102257279A CN 102257279 A CN102257279 A CN 102257279A CN 2009801509529 A CN2009801509529 A CN 2009801509529A CN 200980150952 A CN200980150952 A CN 200980150952A CN 102257279 A CN102257279 A CN 102257279A
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impeller
pump
main impeller
rotor
volute portion
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D·霍尔瓦思
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Cleveland Clinic Foundation
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/428—Discharge tongues
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/226—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly radial components
    • A61M60/232—Centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/419—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being permanent magnetic, e.g. from a rotating magnetic coupling between driving and driven magnets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/422—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804—Impellers
    • A61M60/806—Vanes or blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0673—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the motor being of the inside-out type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046—Bearings
    • F04D29/047—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
    • F04D29/0473—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic for radial pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/824—Hydrodynamic or fluid film bearings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract

一种泵包括：(a)具有第一和第二端的细长泵壳体；(b)安装于壳体中用于围绕轴线旋转的主叶轮，该叶轮包括多个叶片，这些叶片的外部尖端限定叶轮平面；(c)布置成与主叶轮流体连通的入口装置；以及(d)与主叶轮和出口连通的环形蜗形部壳体，其中蜗形部壳体相对于叶轮平面轴向偏置。

Description

具有偏置蜗形部的离心泵
背景技术
本发明总体涉及泵，尤其涉及医用离心泵。
使用离心泵作为心脏辅助装置，也已知为左或右心室辅助装置(“LVAD”或“RVAD”)已是众所周知。在这样的应用中，将泵连同电源和控制系统一并植入到患者体内。可替代地，电源和控制系统也可置于体外。
离心泵包括包含在壳体中的旋转叶轮，该壳体限定了入口装置和围绕叶轮的环形腔室，该环形腔室通常称为“蜗形部”。流体流在靠近叶轮的中心处流进叶轮并且从叶轮的外围流出。离开叶轮的流体流被收集在蜗形部中并且被引导至出口。传统的离心泵设计将蜗形部部分布置成与叶轮的外径轴向对齐。这将导致在叶轮和蜗形部中的非常短的流体停留时间，并导致循环流体在泵的更多较远部分中的更长的停留时间。
在用作心室辅助系统的血液泵时，血液在泵内的延长的停留时间将引起血栓(血液凝块)形成，以及溶血(红细胞损伤)，这两者都是不期望的。
发明内容
现有技术的这些以及其它缺陷都被本发明解决，本发明提供了一种最小化流体在其中的停留时间的离心泵。
根据本发明的一个方面，泵包括：(a)具有第一端和第二端的细长泵壳体；(b)安装于壳体中用于围绕轴线旋转的主叶轮，该叶轮包括多个叶片，这些叶片的外部尖端限定叶轮平面；(c)布置成与主叶轮流体连通的入口装置；以及(d)与主叶轮和出口连通的环形蜗形部壳体，其中蜗形部壳体相对于叶轮平面轴向偏置。
根据本发明另一方面，一种心脏辅助装置包括：(a)具有第一和第二端的细长壳体；(b)安装于壳体中用于围绕轴线旋转的主叶轮，该叶轮限定叶轮平面；(c)布置成与主叶轮流体连通的入口装置；以及(d)与主叶轮和出口连通的环形蜗形部壳体，其中蜗形部壳体与叶轮平面轴向间隔开。壳体、主叶轮、入口装置和蜗形部壳体由生物相容性材料构造而成。
附图说明
参照下面描述并结合附图可以更好地理解本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个方面构造的离心泵的侧视图；
图2是图1中离心泵的横截面视图；以及
图3是现有技术的离心泵的横截面视图。
具体实施例
参照附图，在所有附图中，其中相同的参考数字表示相同元件。图1和2表示用于泵送血液或相似制品的类型的离心泵10。泵10包括具有相对的第一和第二端14和16，以及中心轴线“A”的泵壳体12。
在示意性实例中，泵壳体12分成主体18和独立的盖板20。盖板20闭合第二端16，并且可通过例如一个或多个紧固件固定至主体18。
泵壳体12的中心部分是大体圆柱形的。泵壳体12的第一端14限定了居于中心的、轴向对齐的入口装置22，其具有带有喉部24和大致圆锥形部分26的传统剖面。
定子壳体28，其可以与盖板20一体，从盖板20延伸进入泵壳体12的中心。定子壳体28的远端终止于圆锥形表面30。包括多个线圈绕组的电定子32包含在定子壳体28的内部。穿透盖板20的电缆34向定子32提供用于电源、控制以及感测功能的电连接。
转子36布置在泵壳体12中，围绕定子壳体28。转子36是大致圆柱形的，具有第一和第二端38和40，它们对应于泵壳体12的第一和第二端14和16。转子36在其第一端38处具有主叶轮41，主叶轮包括位于入口装置22和圆锥形表面30之间的多个叶片的环形阵列。主叶轮41的叶片外部尖端大致处于叶轮平面内，其在图2中示意为“P”。一个或多个永磁体42以环形阵列的方式布置在转子36的壁内。包括多个叶片的环形阵列的二级叶轮44处于转子36的第二端40处。转子36和定子32以已知的方式通过将变化的电流经由电缆34施加给定子32而作为无电刷直流马达运转。
将与血液或组织接触的泵10的所有部分，包括泵壳体12和转子36，用已知的生物相容性材料，诸如钛、医用级聚合物等构造而成。
定子壳体28和转子36一起被构造使得在操作中作为用于转子36的液力轴承。具体地，二级叶轮44促使流经主叶轮41的一小部分血液轴向流到盖板20，径向向内通过二级叶轮44，并且在转子36和定子壳体28之间轴向朝向主叶轮41。该轴承和循环功能在Horvath等人的美国专利7189260中进行了详细说明。
泵壳体12包括环形通道，其收集离开主叶轮41的流体并且将其引导至单一出口46(参见图1)。该通道被称为“蜗形部”或蜗形部壳体48。如图2所示，蜗形部壳体48的轴向位置明显偏离主叶轮41的平面P并且朝向盖板20。叶轮平面P和蜗形部壳体48的中间平面“V”之间的实际偏离距离，示意为“D”，并不是关键尺寸，但是通常而言，蜗形部壳体48在泵壳体12和蜗形部壳体48的壁的物理限制内尽可能的向盖板20偏离。在示意性实例中，蜗形部壳体48的中间平面V近似处于叶轮平面P和泵壳体12的第二端16之间的一半处。
蜗形部壳体48的这一定位与传统离心泵设计形成实质性不同。例如，图3示意了现有技术的离心泵110，其具有泵壳体112、主叶轮141和蜗形部壳体148。可以看出，蜗形部壳体148和主叶轮141的外部叶片尖端基本排列于单一平面内，示意为“P”。
出乎意料地是，实践证明蜗形部壳体48的偏置位置在泵10的操作过程中极大地降低了流体停留时间。这里的“停留时间”表示的是特定的、可辨别的体积的流体从它进入入口装置22开始直到最终离开出口46的停留在泵10中的持续时间。停留时间与平均质量流量或体积流率不必然相关。例如，实践证明现有技术的泵110表现出相对较长的停留时间。流动显示揭示了泵10中的峰值停留时间相比现有技术的泵110大约削减了一半。
尽管是非传统安置，但整体泵性能在其操作范围内仍得以保持。泵10的机械效率实际上未因移动蜗形部壳体48而变化。
当使用泵10作为心室辅助系统时，例如LVAD或RVAD，的植入式血液泵时，停留时间的减少是特别有利的，在心室辅助系统中期望最小化血液的停留时间来避免血栓(血液凝块)的形成，以及溶血(红细胞损伤)。但是，在此所述的观念对于那些工作流体对于剪切和机械损伤敏感的其它流体泵送应用也是有用的，诸如整个血液、血浆、血清或含有复杂分子的其它治疗流体。
前面已经对离心泵进行了描述。对本发明的具体实施例也进行了描述，但对本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，对本发明进行的各种修改都是显而易见的。相应地，之前描述的本发明优选实施例以及用于实践本发明的最佳模式仅仅提供用于说明目的但非用于限制目的。

Claims (14)

1.一种泵，包括：
(a)具有第一和第二端的细长的泵壳体；
(b)安装于所述壳体中用于围绕轴线旋转的主叶轮，该叶轮包括多个叶片，这些叶片的外部尖端限定叶轮平面；
(c)布置成与主叶轮流体连通的入口装置；以及
(d)与主叶轮以及出口连通的环形蜗形部壳体，其中蜗形部壳体相对于叶轮平面轴向偏置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的泵，其中主叶轮被承载在大致圆柱形转子的一端。
3.根据权利要求2所述的泵，还包括承载在转子的第二端处的二级叶轮。
4.根据权利要求2所述的泵，其中转子围绕着设置在所述泵壳体内的定子壳体安装。
5.根据权利要求4所述的泵，其中：
(a)电定子绕组布置在定子壳体内；以及
(b)转子包括至少一个布置于其中的磁体。
6.根据权利要求4所述的泵，其中定子壳体在其一端具有圆锥形表面，并且主叶轮布置在圆锥形表面和入口装置之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的泵，其中蜗形部壳体大致位于叶轮平面和泵壳体的第二端之间的一半处。
8.一种心脏辅助装置，包括：
(a)具有第一和第二端的细长壳体；
(b)安装于壳体中用于围绕轴线旋转的主叶轮，该叶轮限定叶轮平面；
(c)布置成与主叶轮流体连通的入口装置；以及
(d)与主叶轮和出口连通的环形蜗形部壳体，其中蜗形部壳体与叶轮表面轴向间隔开，
其中壳体、主叶轮、入口装置和蜗形部壳体都由生物相容性材料构造而成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的心脏辅助装置，其中主叶轮被承载在大致圆柱形转子的一端。
10.根据权利要求9所述的心脏辅助装置，还包括在转子的第二端承载的二级叶轮。
11.根据权利要求9所述的心脏辅助装置，其中转子围绕着设置在泵壳体内的定子壳体安装。
12.根据权利要求11所述的心脏辅助装置，其中：
(a)电定子绕组布置在定子壳体中；以及
(b)转子包括至少一个布置于其中的磁体。
13.根据权利要求11所述的心脏辅助装置，其中定子壳体在其一端处具有圆锥形表面，并且主叶轮布置在圆锥形表面和入口装置之间。
14.根据权利要求8所述的心脏辅助装置，其中蜗形部壳体大致位于叶轮平面和泵壳体的第一端之间的一半处。
CN200980150952.9A 2008-12-16 2009-12-10 具有偏置蜗形部的离心泵 Expired - Fee Related CN102257279B (zh)

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US12/336283 2008-12-16
US12/336,283 US8517699B2 (en) 2008-12-16 2008-12-16 Centrifugal pump with offset volute
PCT/US2009/067427 WO2010074979A1 (en) 2008-12-16 2009-12-10 Centrifugal pump with offset volute

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN103977464A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-08-13 清华大学 一种出口处渐变流动区域的可植入微型轴流血泵
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CN103977464A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-08-13 清华大学 一种出口处渐变流动区域的可植入微型轴流血泵
CN108289985B (zh) * 2015-11-05 2020-12-22 兰英之心有限公司 具有蜗形壳体的流体泵
CN108289985A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2018-07-17 兰英之心有限公司 具有蜗形壳体的流体泵
CN108883216B (zh) * 2016-03-23 2021-11-30 阿比奥梅德欧洲股份有限公司 血泵
CN108883216A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2018-11-23 阿比奥梅德欧洲股份有限公司 血泵
CN109862925B (zh) * 2016-10-28 2021-09-24 心脏器械股份有限公司 单件式蜗壳
CN109862925A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2019-06-07 心脏器械股份有限公司 单件式蜗壳
CN107050543A (zh) * 2017-05-04 2017-08-18 浙江理工大学 一种具有自调节叶片的微小型离心血液泵
CN107050543B (zh) * 2017-05-04 2023-07-04 浙江理工大学 一种具有自调节叶片的微小型离心血液泵
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US11511103B2 (en) 2017-11-13 2022-11-29 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular fluid movement devices, systems, and methods of use
US10722631B2 (en) 2018-02-01 2020-07-28 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular blood pumps and methods of use and manufacture
US11229784B2 (en) 2018-02-01 2022-01-25 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular blood pumps and methods of use and manufacture
US11964145B2 (en) 2019-07-12 2024-04-23 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular blood pumps and methods of manufacture and use
US11654275B2 (en) 2019-07-22 2023-05-23 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular blood pumps with struts and methods of use and manufacture
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US8517699B2 (en) 2013-08-27
JP5653932B2 (ja) 2015-01-14
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US20100150749A1 (en) 2010-06-17
JP2012512363A (ja) 2012-05-31

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