CN102254347B - Three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data - Google Patents
Three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic environment visualization, and discloses a three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the electromagnetic environment body data by a radio wave propagation physical model; dividing the electromagnetic environment body data into a tetrahedron structure, forming a two-dimensional texture in a vertex index manner according to the vertexes of the tetrahedron, and inputting a tetrahedron vertex function value texture and a vertex index texture into a graphics processor; generating contour surface vertexes according to predetermined contour surface threshold judgment, connecting the contour surface vertexes of same threshold into a contour surface, and forming a plurality of contour surfaces of the electromagnetic environment; and displaying the edge of an electromagnetic environment model in a manner of extruding according to a relation between vertex normal vectors and view points, and fusing and embedding the plurality of contour surfaces into the three-dimensional environment in a semitransparent manner. With the method, the three-dimensional electromagnetic environment can be represented visually and intuitively, more internal information representation of the electromagnetic environment are provided, and the correctness and the completeness of the electromagnetic environment representation and the definition of a boundary contour are all improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetic environment visualization technique field, relate in particular to a kind of three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data.
Background technology
Along with the widespread use of electromagnetic technique in social every field, electromagnetic environment presents the situation that becomes increasingly complex, invisible due to electromagnetic environment, and people are difficult to intuitive analysis, judgement electromagnetic environment.That uses at present is extensive with the frequency device type, and electromagnetic equipment quantity is many, takies spectral range wide, and the frequency needs amount is large, and electromagnetic environment is very complicated.But electromagnetic environment be cannot see, be can not touch, can only remove electromagnetic information in analysis space by various detection equipments, and only can reflect and the electromagnetism distribution characteristics of regional area be difficult to satisfy the user to the assurance of whole Electromagnetic Situation, restricted Electromagnetic Situation has been made judgement fast and accurately.
Electromagnetic environment refers to be present in the summation of the electromagnet phenomenon in given place, and it is formed in three dimensions by electromagnetic equipment radiated electromagnetic waves such as various radio station, radars.Electromagnetic wave is at spatial, due to the impact that is subjected to the many factors such as atmosphere, landform, the energy of emission inevitably can be decayed gradually along with the increase of propagation distance, just can obtain the electromagnetic wave energy value at some place, space by the energy value of radio wave propagation pad value and emission.Radio waves propagation model is generally used for predicting the radio wave propagation situation between transmitted from transmitter to receiver, estimates performance for wireless communications under various such environmental effects.Hufford G.A has provided the Longley-Rice radio waves propagation model (referring to Hufford G.A.The ITS Irregular Terrain Model, version 1.2.2, The Algorithm[R] .http: //flattop.its.bldrdoc.gov/itm/itm_alg.pdf, National Telecommunications and Information Administration Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, USA.p6-12).Radio waves propagation model can build electromagnetic environment by various radio waves propagation models as the basis of the various radio systems of design.Although radio waves propagation model can be estimated electromagnetic environment, but the just a large amount of data values of describing electromagnetic environment that obtain are the electromagnetic environment volume data, people are difficult to intuitively perceive the distribution situation of electromagnetic environment in three dimensions from the electromagnetic environment volume data of these numerous and complicated, therefore the electromagnetic environment volume data is informed the user in visual mode directly perceived, and can farthest intactly describe these electromagnetic environment volume datas by three dimensional form, and then allow the user accurately at large hold electromagnetic environment to become the visual active demand of present electromagnetic environment.
Tradition is mainly after obtaining the electromagnetic environment data to the visual of electromagnetic environment, sketches the contours electromagnetic environment distribution situation on certain height by the mode of two-dimentional isoline, and perhaps the radiation that shows electromagnetic environment of the mode by the 2-D data link is communicated with situation.The two dimension isoline by extracting the electromagnetic environment equivalence two-dimentional lines and the mode of filling the lines overlay areas show the distribution situation of electromagnetic environment on certain height, equivalent two-dimentional lines and overlay area thereof have represented the distribution range of certain energy value of electromagnetic environment.The mode of 2-D data link is to represent connection situation between electromagnetic equipment by two-dimentional lines, connects communication capacity by expressions such as line color, line weights.By these two-dimensional visualization modes, only can represent the partial information of electromagnetic environment, can not the distribution situation of complete description electromagnetic environment in three dimensions, lost electromagnetic environment distributed in three dimensions information.
The contour surface technology is widely used a kind of technology in spatial data field visualized field, by extracting the profile information of the specific size attribute of volume data, build three-dimensional grid model, the profile scope of the clear display body data particular attribute-value of energy, and because the grid model of graphic hardware support is at present drawn acceleration, drafting efficient is high, so the method is a kind of technology of efficient visual volume data.By the contour surface extractive technique, can build the three-dimensional grid model of electromagnetic environment in three-dimensional environment, and real-time rendering is in three-dimensional environment, have great significance for the expression directly perceived of electromagnetic environment three-dimensional feature profile.from at present up-to-date research report (referring to Chen Peng. Research on Representation of Radar Coverage technical research [D] virtual battlefield environment. Changsha: the National University of Defense Technology, 2007. all bridges, Chen Jingwei etc. electromagnetic environment three-dimensional visualization technique [J]. computer engineering, 2008.), to radar, the visual visualization technique that has adopted contour surface of the electromagnetic environment coverage of the Type Equipments such as radio station, by extracting the contour surface of certain eigenwert of electromagnetic environment, can the distribution situation of electromagnetic environment in three-dimensional environment of this eigenwert be showed, but because traditional contour surface technology that it adopts is only expressed electromagnetic environment information by single profile information, can only be the grid skeleton pattern with the part best property of attribute mapping of raw data like this, can not reflect whole data overall picture and details, can cause like this interior details information dropout in a large amount of spatial data fields, can not complete description electromagnetic environment information, the information visualization that is unfavorable for the spatial data field that electromagnetic environment is such.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: realize the three-dimensional visualization performance of electromagnetic environment, energy is real-time and electromagnetic environment is mutual, dynamically grasps the variation of electromagnetic environment, improves correctness, accuracy and the completeness of electromagnetic environment performance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1, determine the electromagnetic environment volume data
According to known electric magnetic machine parameter, landform altitude data and meteorological environmental data, determine the electromagnetic environment volume data by the radio wave propagation physical model.
Step 2, electromagnetic environment volume data hexahedron structure subdivision
Electromagnetic environment volume data hexahedron structure is split into tetrahedral structure, travels through each tetrahedron and obtain vertex position and the electromagnetic environment volume data value on each summit of this tetrahedron, and be organized into 2 d texture according to the mode of tetrahedron top and vertex index.
Step 3, judgement generate the contour surface summit
Input tetrahedron top functional value texture and vertex index texture are to graphic process unit, according to the contour surface threshold size judgement generation contour surface summit of setting.
Step 4, the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment
Travel through all tetrahedrons, the contour surface summit of same threshold value is connected into contour surface, the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment.Step 5, outstanding many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile
Set the color transparency of many contour surfaces according to the relation of many contour surfaces vertex scheme vector and viewpoint, give prominence to many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile with many contour surfaces color transparency.
Step 6, the translucent result of the acquisition many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment
Adopt the pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical to obtain the translucent result of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, and the translucent result fusion of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment is embedded in three-dimensional environment.
Further, the definite concrete grammar of electromagnetic environment volume data described in step 1 of the present invention is:
(1) user's initial setting latitude θ=θ
0, longitude
Height r=r
0, calculate the latitude that stops and be made as θ
1, longitude is
Be highly r
1, and set latitude, longitude and height step be Δ θ,
Δ r;
(2) input electromagnetic equipment parameter, landform altitude data and meteorological environmental data adopt the radio wave propagation physical model, obtain electromagnetic environment volume data value
(3) longitude
Increase progressively
Repeating step (2) is until longitude
(4) latitude θ increases progressively Δ θ, and repeating step (2) is until latitude θ＞θ
1
(5) latitude r increases progressively Δ r, and repeating step (2) is until height r＞r
1
The concrete grammar that is organized into 2 d texture according to the mode of tetrahedron top and index described in step 2 of the present invention is:
(1) the electromagnetic environment volume data is split into tetrahedral structure;
(2) apex coordinate that the electromagnetic environment volume data is all stores in order, only store once on each summit, adopt the 2 d texture of RGBA32F form, be called vertex function value texture, the corresponding texture texel in each summit, the three-dimensional coordinate of the R of texel, G, B, A component corresponding vertex and electromagnetic environment volume data value, and with the serial number of this texel index as the summit;
(3) store the vertex index of each tetrahedron top to another 2 d texture, be called the vertex index texture, its form is RGBA32UI, the corresponding texture texel of each tetrahedron, the texture texel has R, G, B, A component, the corresponding tetrahedral vertex index of each texture texel component.
The method that generates the contour surface summit according to the contour surface threshold size of setting described in step 3 of the present invention is:
1, for one of them tetrahedron in the electromagnetic environment volume data, whether judge on this tetrahedral limit that the contour surface with given threshold value δ has intersection point, it is the summit of contour surface that intersection point is arranged.Concrete determination methods is:
(1) according to the tetrahedron end points on a limit wherein, obtain vertex index in the vertex index texture;
(2) obtain two, this limit texel corresponding to end points according to vertex index in tetrahedron top functional value texture, the three-dimensional coordinate of the R of this texel, G, B, A component corresponding vertex and electromagnetic environment volume data value, thus can obtain the apex coordinate v of two end points
a, v
bWith electromagnetic environment volume data value P
a, P
b
(3) if the threshold value δ of many contour surfaces and the electromagnetic environment volume data value of end points are δ＞P
aAnd δ＞P
b, perhaps δ＜P
aAnd δ＜P
bThere is not the summit of the contour surface of this threshold size δ on this limit; Otherwise have the summit of contour surface, interpolation generates the contour surface summit and is:
v＝(1-t)v
a+tv
b
Wherein,
(4) repeating step (1), (2), (3) judgement generate the summit of the contour surface of all limit upper threshold value δ of this tetrahedron;
2, travel through all tetrahedron completing steps 1, generate all summits of the contour surface of this threshold value.
3, travel through all contour surface threshold values, completing steps 1,2 generates the contour surface summit of all threshold values.
The building method of many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment described in step 4 of the present invention is as follows:
(1) for each tetrahedron, according to putting in order of its six limits, the contour surface summit of the same threshold value that intersects with the limit of being linked in sequence can obtain a dough sheet of the electromagnetic environment contour surface of a certain threshold value;
(2) all threshold value completing steps (1) of the many contour surfaces of traversal, can obtain this tetrahedral many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment dough sheet;
(3) to all tetrahedron completing steps (1), (2), can obtain the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment that consisted of by a plurality of contour surface dough sheets.
The concrete grammar of the transparency of many contour surfaces color described in step 5 of the present invention setting is:
(1) travel through the summit of all many contour surfaces, each summit calculated the included angle cosine of this vertex normal and viewpoint direction:
cosα＝n
Tv
Wherein n is the normalization result of contour surface vertex normal, and v is the direction of visual lines normalization result on viewpoint and this summit;
(2) transparence value that this summit is set is:
A＝1-k|cosα|
Wherein k is that boundary profile is controlled the positive number factor, and the larger transparent region of value is larger, boundary profile zone more outstanding (3) all summit completing steps (1), (2) to multilayer contour surface model.
The pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical described in step 6 of the present invention is as follows:
(1) extract the size of threshold value according to the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, to each contour surface according to from inside to outside sequence;
(2) draw the back side dough sheet of all contour surfaces, the back side dough sheet of realizing contour surface merges according to order from back to front;
(3) draw the front dough sheet of all contour surfaces, the front dough sheet of realizing contour surface merges according to order from back to front;
(4) merge many contour surfaces front dough sheet and back side dough sheet drawing result, obtain translucent result;
(5) according to the vertex normal of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, adopt phong coloring models computing illumination situation, be all vertex colorings of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment with lighting effect are presented in three-dimensional environment the most at last.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages
(1) because adopting the step 4 method, this method consisted of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, so the interior details information of performance electromagnetic environment volume data that can be complete;
(2) adopt the color transparency method to set up of step 5, the boundary profile information that can give prominence to the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment;
(3) adopt method of the present invention, can check electromagnetic environment from a plurality of angles, can adjust the electromagnetic equipment dynamic state of parameters and check electromagnetic environment, improve correctness, accuracy and the completeness of electromagnetic environment performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data overview flow chart.
Fig. 2 is that in the electromagnetic environment volume data, a hexahedron is split into six tetrahedral schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is intersection point number schematic diagram that tetrahedron is possible in electromagnetic environment contour surface and Fig. 2,
(a) with tetrahedron without the intersection point schematic diagram;
(b) with three intersection point schematic diagram of tetrahedron;
(c) with four intersection point schematic diagram of tetrahedron.
Fig. 4 is one of them summit product process figure of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment.
Fig. 5 is 16 kinds of crossing situation schematic diagram on electromagnetic environment contour surface and a tetrahedron six limits.
Fig. 6 is that many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile strengthens schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment topological structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is that process flow diagram is drawn in the translucent fusion of many contour surfaces.
Fig. 9 is many contour surfaces of the electromagnetic environment schematic diagram after show in three-dimensional environment affected by environment,
(a) the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment are observed in expression from the side,
(b) expression is from the many contour surfaces of top view electromagnetic environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the described embodiment of accompanying drawing, this method is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is overview flow chart of the present invention, and the three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data that the present invention proposes comprises the steps:
Step 1, determine the electromagnetic environment volume data
According to electromagnetic equipment parameter, landform altitude data and meteorological environmental data, determine the electromagnetic environment volume data by the radio wave propagation physical model.
The electromagnetic environment volume data is the electromagnetic energy intensity field that radiated electromagnetic wave forms in three dimensions by electromagnetic equipment, its size is mainly determined by EATT, EATT refers to the energy that electromagnetic wave loses on travel path, travel path is that electromagnetic wave is from the air line distance between transmitted from transmitter to receiver.
The electromagnetic environment volume data determines that specifically method is:
1, by the Longley-Rice radio waves propagation model, determine that the electromagnetic equipment radiated electromagnetic wave is to latitude θ, longitude
The loss value at height r point place is
Wherein, d
lsSmooth sphere sighting distance distance, d
xThat scattering region calculates initial distance.A
edBe one and considered that atmosphere, tooth shape decay and landform the radio wave propagation loss value of factor, the m such as block
dMean that in the diffraction zone, pad value is linear with distance.A
elA
edAt d
lsThe value at place, K
1, K
2At sighting distance interpolate value control coefrficient.A
esA
edAt d
xThe value at place, m
sAt scattering region pad value linear interpolation factor.
The Longley-Rice radio waves propagation model is referring to Hufford G.A.The ITS Irregular Terrain Model, version 1.2.2, The Algorithm[R] .http: //flattop.its.bldrdoc.gov/itm/itm_alg.pdf, National Telecommunications and Information Administration Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, USA.p6-12.
2, calculate the electromagnetic equipment radiated electromagnetic wave to latitude θ, longitude
The electromagnetic environment volume data value at height r point place is
P wherein
tBe the power level value of electromagnetic equipment emission, G is antenna gain, and f is electromagnetic frequency, and R is the electromagnetic wave propagation path, L
sBe system loss, get 3-5dB.
All can try to achieve electromagnetic environment volume data value by other radio wave propagation physical models.
3, determine three-dimensional electromagnetic environment volume data
The scope that the electromagnetic environment volume data comprises is from latitude θ=θ
0, longitude
Height r=r
0, be θ to latitude
1, longitude is
Be highly r
1, and latitude, longitude and height step be Δ θ,
Δ r.Each data dot values in the electromagnetic environment volume data is definite by formula (2), and concrete grammar is:
(1) the initial latitude θ=θ of user
0, longitude
Height r=r
0, calculating the latitude that stops is θ
1, longitude is
Be highly r
1, and set latitude, longitude and height step be Δ θ,
Δ r;
(2) input electromagnetic equipment parameter, landform altitude data and meteorological environmental data calculate electromagnetic environment volume data value according to formula (2)
(3) longitude
Increase progressively
Repeating step (2) is until longitude
(4) latitude θ increases progressively Δ θ, and repeating step (2) is until latitude θ＞θ
1
(5) height r increases progressively Δ r, and repeating step (2) is until height r＞r
1
Step 2, electromagnetic environment volume data hexahedron structure subdivision
Fig. 2 (take cube as example) is split into six tetrahedral schematic diagram, 8 adjacent data point v of space in the electromagnetic environment volume data as a hexahedron
0, v
1, v
2, v
3, v
4, v
5, v
6, v
7The hexahedron that consists of, its 6 tetrahedrons that are split into are:
T0＝(v0，v1，v4，v 7)，
T1＝(v1，v4，v5，v7)，
T2＝(v0，v1，v3，v7)，
T3＝(v1，v5，v6，v7)，
T4＝(v1，v2，v6，v7)，
T5＝(v1，v2，v3，v7)；
Electromagnetic environment volume data hexahedron structure is split into 6 tetrahedral structures, travel through each tetrahedron and obtain vertex position and the electromagnetic environment volume data value on each summit of this tetrahedron, and be organized into 2 d texture according to the mode of tetrahedron top and vertex index.
With the adjacent v in space in the electromagnetic environment volume data
0, v
1, v
2, v
3, v
4, v
5, v
6, v
78 connected hexahedrons that consist of of data point are split into 6 tetrahedrons.Because adjacent hexahedral partition patterns is identical, adjacent hexahedrally cross-division can not appear on coplanar, can guarantee the subdivision consistance that adjacent hexahedron is coplanar like this, the contour surface that therefore extracts crack phenomenon can not occur, and concrete grammar is as follows:
1, the electromagnetic environment volume data is split into tetrahedral structure, its concrete grammar is:
(1) the initial latitude θ=θ of user
0, longitude
Height r=r
0, calculating the latitude that stops is θ
1, longitude is
Be highly r
1, and setting latitude, longitude and height step Δ θ,
Δ r;
(2) for 8 adjacent data points of space in the electromagnetic environment volume data be
Its 6 tetrahedrons that are split into are:
T0＝(v0，v1，v4，v7)，
T1＝(v1，v4，v5，v7)，
T2＝(v0，v1，v3，v7)，
T3＝(v1，v5，v6，v7)，
T4＝(v1，v2，v6，v7)，
T5＝(v1，v2，v3，v7)；
(3) longitude
Increase progressively
Repeating step (2) is until longitude
(4) latitude θ increases progressively Δ θ, and repeating step (2) is until latitude θ＞θ
1-Δ θ;
(5) latitude r increases progressively Δ r, and repeating step (2) is until height r＞r
1-Δ r.
2, the electromagnetic environment volume data tetrahedral structure that is split into is organized into 2 d texture, difference store electricity magnetic environment volume data tessarace and tetrahedron annexation two parts, the tetrahedron annexation is tetrahedral four vertex index.Concrete grammar is:
(1) apex coordinate that the electromagnetic environment volume data is all stores in order, only store once on each summit, adopt the 2 d texture of RGBA32F form, be called vertex function value texture, the corresponding texture texel in each summit, the three-dimensional coordinate of the R of texel, G, B, A component corresponding vertex and electromagnetic environment volume data value, and with the serial number of this texel index as the summit;
(2) store the vertex index of each tetrahedron top to another 2 d texture, be called the vertex index texture, its form is RGBA32UI, the corresponding texture texel of each tetrahedron, the texture texel has R, G, B, A component, the corresponding tetrahedral vertex index of each texture texel component.
Step 3, judgement generate the contour surface summit
Input tetrahedron top functional value texture and vertex index texture are to graphic process unit, according to the contour surface threshold size judgement generation contour surface summit of setting.
For each tetrahedral every limit, can find apex coordinate and the electromagnetic environment volume data value of these two end points in limit in tetrahedron top functional value texture by the vertex index of vertex index texture storage, then the electromagnetic environment volume data value by contour surface threshold value and end points compares, determining whether this limit exists the intersection point on contour surface and limit, is summit on contour surface if there is the intersection point on contour surface and limit.Fig. 3 is the possible intersection point number schematic diagram of contour surface and tetrahedron, be respectively without intersection point (Fig. 3 a), three intersection points (Fig. 3 b) and three kinds of situations of four intersection points (Fig. 3 c), wherein "+" represents that the electromagnetic environment volume data value at this place, summit is greater than the contour surface threshold value, "-" number represents that the electromagnetic environment volume data value at this place, summit is not more than the contour surface threshold value, tiltedly the contour surface dough sheet that is made of intersection point of line expression.The product process figure of many one of them joinings of contour surface as shown in Figure 4.
The contour surface summit generates concrete grammar:
1, for one of them tetrahedron in the electromagnetic environment volume data, whether judge on this tetrahedral limit that the contour surface with given threshold value δ has intersection point, it is the summit of contour surface that intersection point is arranged.Concrete determination methods is:
(1) according to the tetrahedron end points on a limit wherein, obtain vertex index in the vertex index texture;
(2) obtain two, this limit texel corresponding to end points according to vertex index in tetrahedron top functional value texture, the three-dimensional coordinate of the R of this texel, G, B, A component corresponding vertex and electromagnetic environment volume data value, thus can obtain the apex coordinate v of two end points
a, v
bWith electromagnetic environment volume data value P
a, P
b
(3) if the threshold value δ of many contour surfaces and the electromagnetic environment volume data value of end points are δ＞P
aAnd δ＞P
b, perhaps δ＜P
aAnd δ＜P
bThere is not the summit of the contour surface of this threshold size δ on this limit; Otherwise have the summit of contour surface, interpolation generates the contour surface summit and is:
v＝(1-t)v
a+tv
b (3)
Wherein,
(4) repeating step (1), (2), (3) judgement generate the summit of the contour surface of all limit upper threshold value δ of this tetrahedron;
2, travel through all tetrahedron completing steps 1, generate all summits of the contour surface of this threshold value.
3, travel through all contour surface threshold values, completing steps 1,2 generates the contour surface summit of all threshold values.
Step 4, the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment
Travel through all tetrahedrons, the contour surface summit of same threshold value is connected into contour surface, the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment.
Be 16 kinds of crossing situations on contour surface and a tetrahedron six limits referring to Fig. 5, comprising two kinds of situations (seeing tetrahedron 0000 and tetrahedron 1111 in Fig. 5) that there is no joining.Situation schematic diagram crossing according to this can determine fast that joining connects and composes the contour surface dough sheet.
The concrete grammar of the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment is as follows:
1, for each tetrahedron, according to putting in order of its six limits, the contour surface summit of the same threshold value that intersects with the limit of being linked in sequence can obtain a dough sheet of the electromagnetic environment contour surface of a certain threshold value;
2, all threshold value completing steps 1 of the many contour surfaces of traversal, can obtain this tetrahedral many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment dough sheet;
3, to all tetrahedron completing steps 1,2, can obtain the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment that consisted of by a plurality of contour surface dough sheets.
Step 5, outstanding many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile
Set the color transparency of many contour surfaces according to the relation of many contour surfaces vertex scheme vector and viewpoint, give prominence to many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile with many contour surfaces color transparency;
In order to strengthen many contour surfaces boundary profile information, improve the Informational Expression power that merges drawing result, adopted by the painted method of pixel, improve the electromagnetic environment edge contour and show intensity, concrete grammar is:
1, calculate all vertex scheme vectors of contour surface:
(1) for the current model vertices that will calculate normal, calculate the polygonal normal vector with this summit adjacency:
(a) appoint and get not point-blank three vertex v of contour surface dough sheet polygon
1, v
2And v
3, the multiplication cross (v that this polygonal normal vector is these two straight lines
1-v
2) * (v
2-v
3);
(b) continue other polygon of this summit adjacency is continued step (a), calculate until complete the polygonal normal vector of all of its neighbor.
(2) being averaging in abutting connection with polygonal normal vector, result of calculation is exactly the normal vector on this summit.
(3) continue other summit completing steps (1), (2), until all Completion Techniques line vector calculating of all summits of many contour surfaces.
2, respectively each summit of many contour surfaces is calculated the angle of its method vector and viewpoint direction, by corner dimension, contour surface color transparency is set.Fig. 6 is that many contour surfaces boundary profile strengthens schematic diagram, the dough sheet fragment that has represented contour surface in figure, wherein n is the normalization result of contour surface vertex normal, v is the direction of visual lines normalization result on viewpoint and this summit, by the vertex normal of many contour surfaces and the angle α of viewpoint direction, contour surface color transparency is set.
Concrete grammar is:
(1) travel through the summit of all many contour surfaces, to each summit calculating included angle cosine be:
cosα＝n
Tv (4)
Wherein n is the normalization result of contour surface vertex normal, and v is the direction of visual lines normalization result on viewpoint and this summit.
(2) transparence value that this summit is set is:
A＝1-k|cosα| (5)
Wherein k is that boundary profile is controlled the positive number factor, and the larger transparent region of value is larger, and the boundary profile zone is more outstanding.
(3) to all summit completing steps (1), (2) of many contour surfaces.
Step 6, the translucent result of the acquisition many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment
Adopt the pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical to obtain the translucent result of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, and the translucent result fusion of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment is embedded in three-dimensional environment.
Because many contour surfaces are mutually nested, if adopt opaque drafting mode, the contour surface of internal layer can be blocked by outer field contour surface, can only show outermost electromagnetic environment contour surface information, can not demonstrate many contour surfaces information fully, therefore in order clearly to show the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment in three-dimensional environment, need to adopt translucent fusion method for drafting, allow the internal layer contour surface see through outer contour surface and display, proposed the pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical.Fig. 7 is many contour surfaces topological structure, has represented respectively the contour surface of four layers of different threshold value with different colours.The schematic diagram left half is many contour surfaces 3 D rendering design sketch, and right half is the longitudinal profile two-dimensional effects figure of corresponding many contour surfaces, and four layers of contour surface outside in represent with G, Y, O, R respectively, and corresponding contour surface threshold size is δ
G, δ
Y, δ
O, δ
R, the contour surface threshold value is according to δ
G, δ
Y, δ
O, δ
ROrdered arrangement.Therefore, can determine the relativeness of many contour surfaces according to the threshold size of many contour surfaces, can conveniently sort to G, Y, O, R contour surface.Fig. 8 is the many contour surfaces translucent fusion drafting of pseudo-sequence process flow diagrams fast, and whole drafting flow process is divided into pre-service and draws two stages.At pretreatment stage, according to the relative Rankine-Hugoniot relations of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, every layer of contour surface from inside to outside sorted according to the size that it extracts threshold value; In render phase, adopt the model dough sheet clipping function of graphic process unit, draw respectively the front and back dough sheet of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, realize the approximate by rear and front sequence drafting of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment.The pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical is specially:
1, extract the size of threshold value according to the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, to each contour surface according to from inside to outside sequence;
2, draw the back side dough sheet of all contour surfaces, the back side dough sheet of realizing contour surface merges according to order from back to front, and concrete grammar is:
(1) open the front clipping function of graphic process unit;
(2) adopt the color transparency method to set up of step 5, draw the outermost layer contour surface, then draw time outer field contour surface, by that analogy, until drawn all contour surfaces.
3, draw the front dough sheet of all contour surfaces, the front dough sheet of realizing contour surface merges according to order from back to front, and concrete grammar is:
(1) open the back side clipping function of graphic process unit;
(2) adopt the color transparency method to set up of step 5, draw the contour surface of internal layer, then draw the contour surface of time internal layer, equally by that analogy, until drawn all contour surfaces.
4, merge many contour surfaces front dough sheet and back side dough sheet drawing result, obtain final translucent result.
5, according to the vertex normal of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, adopt phong coloring models computing illumination situation, be all vertex colorings of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment with lighting effect are presented in three-dimensional environment the most at last.Show in final three-dimensional environment affected by environment after many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment schematic diagram, as shown in Figure 9, wherein the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment are observed in Fig. 9 (a) expression from the side, Fig. 9 (b) represents from the many contour surfaces of top view electromagnetic environment.
Claims (5)
1. a three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data, comprise the steps:
Step 1, determine the electromagnetic environment volume data
According to known electric magnetic machine parameter, landform altitude data and meteorological environmental data, determine the electromagnetic environment volume data by the radio wave propagation physical model;
Step 2, electromagnetic environment volume data hexahedron structure subdivision
Electromagnetic environment volume data hexahedron structure is split into tetrahedral structure, travels through each tetrahedron and obtain vertex position and the electromagnetic environment volume data value on each summit of this tetrahedron, and be organized into 2 d texture according to the mode of tetrahedron top and vertex index;
Step 3, judgement generate the contour surface summit
Input tetrahedron top functional value texture and vertex index texture are to graphic process unit, according to the contour surface threshold size judgement generation contour surface summit of setting;
Step 4, the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment
Travel through all tetrahedrons, the contour surface summit of same threshold value is connected into contour surface, the many contour surfaces of structure electromagnetic environment;
Step 5, outstanding many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile
Set the color transparency of many contour surfaces according to the relation of many contour surfaces vertex scheme vector and viewpoint, give prominence to many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment boundary profile with many contour surfaces color transparency;
The concrete grammar of setting many contour surfaces color transparency is:
(1) travel through the summit of all many contour surfaces, each summit calculated the included angle cosine of this vertex normal and viewpoint direction:
cosα＝n
Tv
Wherein n is the normalization result of contour surface vertex normal, and v is the direction of visual lines normalization result on viewpoint and this summit;
(2) transparence value that this summit is set is:
A＝1-k|cosα|
Wherein k is that boundary profile is controlled the positive number factor, and the larger transparent region of value is larger, and the boundary profile zone is more outstanding
(3) to all summit completing steps (1), (2) of multilayer contour surface model;
Step 6, the translucent result of the acquisition many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment
Adopt the pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical to obtain the translucent result of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, and the translucent result fusion of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment is embedded in three-dimensional environment;
The pseudo-ranking and fusing rendering algorithm of fast hierarchical is as follows:
(1) extract the size of threshold value according to the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, to each contour surface according to from inside to outside sequence;
(2) draw the back side dough sheet of all contour surfaces, the back side dough sheet of realizing contour surface merges according to order from back to front;
(3) draw the front dough sheet of all contour surfaces, the front dough sheet of realizing contour surface merges according to order from back to front;
(4) merge many contour surfaces front dough sheet and back side dough sheet drawing result, obtain translucent result;
(5) according to the vertex normal of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, adopt phong coloring models computing illumination situation, be all vertex colorings of the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment, the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment with lighting effect are presented in three-dimensional environment the most at last.
2. three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete grammar that electromagnetic environment volume data described in described step 1 is determined is:
(1) user's initial setting latitude θ=θ
0, longitude
Height r=r
0, calculate the latitude that stops and be made as θ
1, longitude is
Be highly r
1, and set latitude, longitude and height step be Δ θ,
Δ r:
(2) input electromagnetic equipment parameter, landform altitude data and meteorological environmental data, adopt the radio wave propagation physical model, obtains electromagnetic environment volume data value
(3) longitude
Increase progressively
Repeating step (2) is until longitude
(4) latitude θ increases progressively Δ θ, and repeating step (2) is until latitude θ＞θ
1
(5) latitude r increases progressively Δ r, and repeating step (2) is until height r＞r
1
3. three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete grammar that is organized into 2 d texture according to the mode of tetrahedron top and vertex index described in described step 2 is:
(1) the electromagnetic environment volume data is split into tetrahedral structure;
(2) store by the order apex coordinate that the electromagnetic environment volume data is all of determining the electromagnetic environment volume data, only store once on each summit, adopt the 2 d texture of RGBA32F form, be called vertex function value texture, the corresponding texture texel in each summit, the three-dimensional coordinate of the R of texel, G, B, A component corresponding vertex and electromagnetic environment volume data value, and with the serial number of this texel index as the summit;
(3) store the vertex index of each tetrahedron top to another 2 d texture, be called the vertex index texture, its form is RGBA32UI, the corresponding texture texel of each tetrahedron, the texture texel has R, G, B, A component, the corresponding tetrahedral vertex index of each texture texel component.
4. three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the method that generates the contour surface summit according to the contour surface threshold size of setting described in described step 3 is:
Step 1, for one of them tetrahedron in the electromagnetic environment volume data, whether judge on this tetrahedral limit that the contour surface with given threshold value δ has intersection point, it is the summit of contour surface that intersection point is arranged, concrete determination methods is:
(1) according to the tetrahedron end points on a limit wherein, obtain vertex index in the vertex index texture;
(2) obtain two, this limit texel corresponding to end points according to vertex index in tetrahedron top functional value texture, the three-dimensional coordinate of the R of this texel, G, B, A component corresponding vertex and electromagnetic environment volume data value, thus can obtain the apex coordinate v of two end points
a, v
bWith electromagnetic environment volume data value P
a, P
b
(3) if the threshold value δ of many contour surfaces and the electromagnetic environment volume data value of end points are δ＞P
aAnd δ＞P
b, perhaps δ＜P
aAnd δ＜P
bThere is not the summit of the contour surface of this threshold size δ on this limit; Otherwise have the summit of contour surface, interpolation generates the contour surface summit and is:
v＝(1-t)v
a+tv
b
Wherein,
(4) repeating step (1), (2), (3) judgement generate the summit of the contour surface of all limit upper threshold value δ of this tetrahedron;
Step 2, travel through all tetrahedron completing steps 1, generate all summits of the contour surface of this threshold value;
Step 3, travel through all contour surface threshold values, completing steps 1,2 generates the contour surface summit of all threshold values.
5. three-dimensional visualization method for electromagnetic environment body data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the building method of many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment described in described step 4 is as follows:
(1) for each tetrahedron, according to putting in order of its six limits, the contour surface summit of the same threshold value that intersects with the limit of being linked in sequence can obtain a dough sheet of the electromagnetic environment contour surface of a certain threshold value;
(2) all threshold value completing steps (1) of the many contour surfaces of traversal, can obtain this tetrahedral many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment dough sheet;
(3) to all tetrahedron completing steps (1), (2), can obtain the many contour surfaces of electromagnetic environment that consisted of by a plurality of contour surface dough sheets.
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