CN102242804B - Manufacturing process of inner cone ring of heavy truck gear box synchronizer - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of inner cone ring of heavy truck gear box synchronizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102242804B CN102242804B CN 201110156611 CN201110156611A CN102242804B CN 102242804 B CN102242804 B CN 102242804B CN 201110156611 CN201110156611 CN 201110156611 CN 201110156611 A CN201110156611 A CN 201110156611A CN 102242804 B CN102242804 B CN 102242804B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inner cone ring of a heavy truck gear box synchronizer and a manufacturing process thereof. The substrate is a power metallurgy material which is prepared from the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 0.5-5% of copper powder, 0.1-1.5 % of graphite powder, 0.1-1.5 % of free cutting agent, 0.2-2% of lubricating agent, 0.01-1.5% of bonding agent, and the balance of 88.5-99.09% of iron powder. The manufacturing process of the inner cone ring has the following steps: materials mixing, forming, sintering, auxiliary machinery processing, vapor treatment, and bonding. According to the invention, powder metallurgy process is adopted, and wicking treatment is carried out in the sintering process, thus the intensity at the position born greater stress of the outer cone ring blank is improved prominently, and using performances of products in the synchronizer are increased; and the process is simple and reliable, the production efficiency is high, the material utilization ratio is high, and inner cone ring products which are manufactured in bulk have the advantages of stable quality, high intensity, high manufacturing accuracy, low manufacturing cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy type lorry transmission-gear box component manufacturing technology field, specifically relate to interior conical ring and the manufacturing process thereof used in two jack shaft gearbox odd-side synchronizers.
Background technique
Heavily card is with being equipped with the lockpin-type inertia synchronizer in two jack shaft gearbox odd-sides, and its effect is when gear shift, by the friction between cone and interior conical ring, the outer conical ring, thereby makes two solid of rotation with certain speed discrepancy reach the synchronous engage a gear of being convenient to rapidly.
The lockpin-type automobile synchronizer comprises conical ring and the outer conical ring that is positioned at the sliding gear collar both sides, one side of interior conical ring is fixed with 3 high gear lock pins, one side of outer conical ring is fixed with 3 low gear lock pins, is respectively equipped with the pin-and-hole corresponding with inner cone ring lock shotpin and outer cone ring lock shotpin on the sliding gear collar.Be stained with the nonmetallic material of high frictional behaviour on the conical surface of interior conical ring and outer conical ring respectively.
Conical ring adopts casting technique to produce interior conical ring blank in existing, again by a large amount of machinings, and conical ring product in could forming.It has the following disadvantages:
(1) because of interior conical ring shape complexity, sometimes machining difficulty even can't realize, and stock utilization is low, thereby be difficult to realize to produce in enormous quantities stay-in-grade in the conical ring product, cast iron materials also causes the product strength part low excessively because material composition is inhomogeneous, have the risk of fracture in the use.
(2) after interior conical ring blank is worked into finished product, be distributed with 3 holes on its end face, 3 lock pins are fitted in these 3 holes with regard to interference, because density difference, the strength of materials of 3 aperture peripheral part are low excessively, make body low excessively to the power of holding tightly of lock pin, in the using process situation that lock pin comes off or lock pin fractures can take place, have a strong impact on function of use and the working life of synchronizer even gearbox from body.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide conical ring and manufacturing process thereof in a kind of heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox, the present invention adopts powder metallurgical technique, powdered metallurgical material is directly formed to interior conical ring pressed compact by compacting tool set, and the aperture position place that forms interference fit with lock pin ooze the copper sintering form in the conical ring blank, thereby intensity and the density at aperture position place have been improved, and then improved interior conical ring body to the power of holding tightly of pin shotpin, and manufacturing process is simple and reliable, the manufacturing efficiency height, the stock utilization height, be suitable for producing in enormous quantities and constant product quality.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Conical ring in a kind of heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox, its matrix is powdered metallurgical material, this powdered metallurgical material is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: copper powder 0.5～5%, plumbago 0.1～1.5%, easy cutting agent 0.1～1.5%, oiling agent 0.2～2%, Bond 0.01～1.5%, surplus is iron powder 88.5～99.09%.
The manufacturing process of conical ring in a kind of heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox, its process step is as follows:
(1) batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 10～70 minutes;
(2) be shaped: conical ring compacting tool set and press machine form interior conical ring blank with the mixture cold-press moulding in the step (1) in utilizing, and pressure is 5～8T/cm
2During shaping, go out to place the mark that oozes copper billet at the aperture position place single forming with lock pin formation interference fit;
(3) sintering: what will ooze that copper billet is positioned over the powder metallurgy body oozes the copper billet marked locations, and and body go into the continous way sintering furnace together and carry out sintering heat treatment; The copper billet fusing is drawn in the body under powder metallurgy body capillary force action in sintering process; Sintering temperature is 1080～1200 ℃, sintering belt insulation 30～90 minutes, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) Aided Machine processing: adopt Aided Machine processing, make product reach the requirement of drawing regulation;
(5) steam treatment: according to different behaviours in service, product surface is done the antirust processing of water vapor.
(6) at the conical surface non-metallic friction materials that bonds.
The copper billet that oozes in the described step (3) is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: plumbago 0.05～1.2%, and iron powder 1～10%, manganese powder 1～10%, oiling agent 0.1～1%, surplus is copper powder 77.8～97.85%; Described production technology of oozing copper billet is as follows: step 1, batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 10～50 minutes; Step 2, shaping: utilize and to ooze copper billet compacting tool set and press machine with the copper seeping agent mixture cold-press moulding in the step 1, form and ooze the copper billet blank, pressure is 2～7T/cm
2
Aided Machine in the described step (4) is processed as: what copper sintering blank was oozed in interior conical ring turning oozes copper end face and endoporus forming inner conical surface, to process hole and the Hole chamfering that forms interference fit with lock pin oozing the copper position, and the cross machine hole.
Interior conical ring compacting tool set in the described step (2) comprises die mould former, upper punch I, upper punch II, bottom punch I, bottom punch II and plug; When being in state of charge, the interior type of described die mould former and form the interior die cavity of an annular in the die mould former between the plug external form at die cavity center, in this die cavity with form Spielpassung by the assembled external form of bottom punch I and a plurality of bottom punch II; During compression moulding, upper punch I and upper punch II are to lower slider, and the external form bottom of upper punch I enters the inner chamber type top of die mould former, and simultaneously the flat boss on bottom punch II top stretches in the flat hole on the upper punch I, and the two forms Spielpassung; And moved downward by upper punch II extruding plug, make the bottom external form of upper punch II enter the interior die cavity top of bottom punch I, the two forms Spielpassung; After compacting is finished, close in the external form of the interior type of the external form of the interior type of die mould former 1 and upper punch II and the interior die cavity between upper punch I, bottom punch I and the bottom punch II and interior conical ring blank.
Described die mould former, die cavity is cylindrical die cavity in it; Described plug, its external form are cylindrical structural; Described bottom punch I, die cavity is cylindrical hole in it, corresponding setting with the plug external form, the two forms Spielpassung during assembling; Its external form is to be interconnected by a plurality of radial grooves that are equally spaced along circumference and extend vertically and a plurality of radial protrusion to form, and this radial groove and radial protrusion arrange at interval; Circumference equidistantly is provided with a plurality of axial projection or axial notch in the upper edge, upper-end surface of bottom punch I; Described bottom punch II, its quantity is identical with the quantity of the radial groove that bottom punch I is provided with; The inner side surface of this bottom punch II and the corresponding setting of radial groove on the bottom punch I, the two forms Spielpassung during assembling, simultaneously, and the external form that itself and bottom punch I are assembled, with the corresponding setting of interior die cavity of die mould former, the two forms Spielpassung again; The top of this bottom punch II is provided with a flat boss, the corresponding setting of interior die cavity in the flat hole on the external form of this flat boss and the upper punch I, and the two forms Spielpassung during compression moulding; Described upper punch I, type is cylindrical hole in it, with the corresponding setting of cylindrical cylindrical on upper punch II top, the two forms Spielpassung; The corresponding setting of cylindrical die cavity of its external form and die mould former, the two forms Spielpassung; The cylindrical position of described upper punch I lower end surface is provided with annular chamfer; Described upper punch II, its external form is followed successively by cylndrical surface, the conical surface and following cylndrical surface from top to bottom.
The axial height of the annular chamfer on the described upper punch I lower end surface is X=0～2mm, and radial width is W=0～1.5mm; The inner peripheral surface of this chamfering is the conical surface, angle α=1 ° between this conical surface and the horizontal plane～80 °.
Flat hole on the described upper punch I is a plurality of and evenly distributes along same circumference that the quantity in this flat hole is identical with the quantity of flat boss; The jointing place of above-mentioned flat hole and upper punch I lower end surface is flat Hole chamfering, and shape and the annular chamfer of this flat Hole chamfering are identical.
Described upper punch II is uniform-distribution with counterbore and the through hole of a plurality of connections along same circumference, and the conical surface which is provided with and the angle between the central axis are β=0.1 °～15 °.
The bottom cylindrical of described bottom punch I is provided with base, and the lower end surface of described bottom punch I is provided with locating slot.
Axial projection on the described bottom punch I or the shape of cross section of axial notch are any in circle, prismatic, square, the round dot.
The joint of the flat boss on the described bottom punch II and bottom punch II body is rounded corner; Underpart at bottom punch II body is provided with fixed base.
Be provided with a step in the middle of the external form of described die mould former; The jointing place of the interior cavity surface end face upper and lower with it of described die mould former is rounded corner, and the radius of this rounded corner is R0.01～5mm.
Described plug is provided with counterbore and the center hole of connection; The junction point of the cylindrical cylindrical end face upper and lower with it of described plug is rounded corner, and the radius of this rounded corner is R0.01～5mm.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
(1) the present invention adopts powder metallurgical technique, powdered metallurgical material to produce, it is reasonable in design to fill a prescription, and according to product service condition and powder metallurgical technique characteristics, specialized designs the compacting tool set of interior conical ring, thereby in making conical ring by the compacting tool set straight forming; The conical surface at product center hole place is also by the casted die mould straight forming, and the machining allowance when having reduced follow-up machining has improved work efficiency, has reduced the wearing and tearing to cutting tool, has improved cutter life.In a word, the present invention has simple and reliable process, and manufacturing efficiency height, stock utilization height are suitable for producing in enormous quantities and advantage such as constant product quality, intensity height, machining accuracy height, low cost of manufacture, the energy consumption of interior conical ring be low.
(2) go out to place the sign of oozing copper billet with the compacting tool set straight forming oozing the copper position, will ooze copper billet when avoiding oozing copper and misplace the position.In sintering process, ooze the copper processing greatly and with 3 aperture position of lock pin formation interference fit to stressed, product local strength is improved significantly, thus the usability of conical ring product in synchronizer in increasing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is interior conical ring compacting tool set charging schematic representation;
Fig. 2 a is interior conical ring compacting tool set moulding schematic representation at the end; Fig. 2 b is that Fig. 2 a is along the sectional view of E-E line direction; Fig. 2 c is that Fig. 2 a is along the sectional view of F-F line direction;
Fig. 3 is the axial sectional view of die mould former;
Fig. 4 a is the worm's eye view of upper punch I; Fig. 4 b is that Fig. 4 a is along the sectional view of Y-Y line direction; Fig. 4 c is N portion enlarged view among the upper punch I;
Fig. 5 a is the axial sectional view of upper punch II; Fig. 5 b is the plan view of Fig. 5 a;
Fig. 6 a is the axial sectional view of bottom punch I; Fig. 6 b is the plan view of Fig. 6 a;
Fig. 7 a is the side view of bottom punch II; Fig. 7 b is the plan view of Fig. 7 a;
Fig. 8 is the axial sectional view of plug;
Fig. 9 a is by the structural representation of the interior conical ring blank of compacting tool set straight forming among Fig. 2 a; Fig. 9 b is the axial sectional view of interior conical ring blank; Fig. 9 c is the enlarged view at I place among Fig. 9 b; Fig. 9 d is the enlarged view at II place among Fig. 9 b; Fig. 9 e is that Fig. 9 a is along the sectional view of K-K line direction.
Description of symbols among the figure:
1, die mould former; 11, cylindrical die cavity; 12, step; 13, rounded corner; 14, rounded corner;
2, upper punch I; 21, fixed base; 22, flat hole; 221, flat Hole chamfering; 23, cylindrical hole; 24, chamfering;
3, upper punch II; 31, counterbore; 32, the conical surface; 33, through hole;
4, bottom punch I; 41, cylindrical hole; 42, base; 43, locating slot; 44, radial protrusion; 45, radial groove; 46, axial projection or axial notch;
5, bottom punch II; 51, flat boss; 52, bottom punch II body; 53, fixed base; 54, rounded corner;
6, plug; 61, counterbore; 62, center hole; 63, rounded corner; 64, rounded corner;
7, pulverous powdered metallurgical material;
8, interior conical ring blank; 81, blank body; 811, upper-end surface; 812, lower end surface; 82, concave station; 821, concave station rounded corner; 83, flat hole; 831, flat hole circle chamfering; 84, ooze the copper mark; 85, the conical surface; 86, the cylndrical surface on top; 87, the cylndrical surface of bottom.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Prescription 1: the raw material composition and the weight percentage thereof that heavily block conical ring in the Synchromous device of gearbox are respectively: the copper powder 1.6%, the plumbago 0.6% that improve strength of materials performance, improve the easy cutting agent 0.3% of machinability, improve the oiling agent 0.7% of demoulding greasy property, improve the Bond 0.1% of iron powder copper powder plumbago mixing uniformity, surplus is iron powder 96.7%.
Use the interior conical ring manufacturing technology steps of prescription 1 as follows:
(1) batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 50 minutes.
(2) be shaped: conical ring compacting tool set and press machine form the powder metallurgy body blank of interior conical ring with the mixture cold-press moulding in the step (1) in adopting, and pressure is 6T/cm
2Go out to place the mark that oozes copper billet at 3 aperture position place single formings that form interference fit with 3 lock pins during shaping, will ooze copper billet when preventing from oozing the copper sintering to misplace the position.
(3) sintering: form in step (2) 3 ooze the copper mark and settle and ooze copper billet and body and put into the continous way sintering furnace together and carry out sintering heat treatment; The copper billet fusing is drawn in the body under powder metallurgy body capillary force action in sintering process, and copper infiltrates the back and improves with 3 aperture ambient density that lock pin forms interference fit; 1120 ℃ of sintering temperatures sintering belt insulation 50 minutes, are cooled to room temperature.
The described copper billet that oozes is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: plumbago 0.3%, and iron powder 1.6%, manganese powder 2.3%, oiling agent 0.5%, surplus is copper powder 95.3%.Described production technology of oozing copper billet is as follows: step 1, batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 15 minutes; Step 2, shaping: utilize and to ooze copper billet compacting tool set and press machine with the copper seeping agent mixture cold-press moulding in the step 1, form and ooze the copper billet blank, pressure is 3.5T/cm
2
(4) Aided Machine processing: adopt Aided Machine processing, make product reach the requirement of drawing regulation.
(5) steam treatment: according to different behaviours in service, product surface is done the antirust processing of water vapor.
(6) at the conical surface non-metallic friction materials that bonds.
Prescription 2: the raw material of interior conical ring is formed and weight percentage is respectively: the copper powder 0.5%, the plumbago 0.75% that improve strength of materials performance, improve the easy cutting agent 0.4% of machinability, improve the oiling agent 0.8% of demoulding greasy property, improve the Bond 0.15% of iron powder copper powder plumbago mixing uniformity, surplus is iron powder 97.4%.
Use the interior conical ring manufacturing technology steps of prescription 2 as follows:
(1) batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 70 minutes.
(2) be shaped: conical ring compacting tool set and press machine form the powder metallurgy body blank of interior conical ring with the mixture cold-press moulding in the step (1) in adopting, and pressure is 6.5T/cm
2Go out to place the mark that oozes copper billet at 3 aperture position place single formings that form interference fit with 3 lock pins during shaping, will ooze copper billet when preventing from oozing the copper sintering to misplace the position.
(3) sintering: form in step (2) 3 ooze the copper mark and settle and ooze copper billet and body and put into the continous way sintering furnace together and carry out sintering heat treatment; The copper billet fusing is drawn in the body under powder metallurgy body capillary force action in sintering process, and copper infiltrates the back and improves with 3 aperture ambient density that lock pin forms interference fit; 1130 ℃ of sintering temperatures sintering belt insulation 50 minutes, are cooled to room temperature.
The described copper billet that oozes is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: plumbago 0.05%, and iron powder 1%, manganese powder 1%, oiling agent 0.1%, surplus is copper powder 97.85%.Described production technology of oozing copper billet is as follows: step 1, batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 12 minutes; Step 2, shaping: utilize and to ooze copper billet compacting tool set and press machine with the copper seeping agent mixture cold-press moulding in the step 1, form and ooze the copper billet blank, pressure is 4T/cm
2
(4) Aided Machine processing: adopt Aided Machine processing, make product reach the requirement of drawing regulation.
(5) steam treatment: according to different behaviours in service, product surface is done the antirust processing of water vapor.
(6) at the conical surface non-metallic friction materials that bonds.
Prescription 3: the raw material of interior conical ring is formed and weight percentage is respectively: the copper powder 2.5%, the plumbago 0.9% that improve strength of materials performance, improve the easy cutting agent 0.45% of machinability, improve the oiling agent 0.85% of demoulding greasy property, improve the Bond 0.2% of iron powder copper powder plumbago mixing uniformity, surplus is iron powder 95.1%.
Use the interior conical ring manufacturing technology steps of prescription 3 as follows:
(1) batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 45 minutes.
(2) be shaped: conical ring compacting tool set and press machine form the powder metallurgy body blank of interior conical ring with the mixture cold-press moulding in the step (1) in adopting, and pressure is 5.8T/cm
2Go out to place the mark that oozes copper billet at 3 aperture position place single formings that form interference fit with 3 lock pins during shaping, will ooze copper billet when preventing from oozing the copper sintering to misplace the position.
(3) sintering: form in step (2) 3 ooze the copper mark and settle and ooze copper billet and body and put into the continous way sintering furnace together and carry out sintering heat treatment; The copper billet fusing is drawn in the body under powder metallurgy body capillary force action in sintering process, and copper infiltrates the back and improves with 3 aperture ambient density that lock pin forms interference fit; 1160 ℃ of sintering temperatures sintering belt insulation 50 minutes, are cooled to room temperature.
The described copper billet that oozes is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: plumbago 0.95%, and iron powder 7.5%, manganese powder 8.5%, oiling agent 0.7%, surplus is copper powder 82.35%.Described production technology of oozing copper billet is as follows: step 1, batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 23 minutes; Step 2, shaping: utilize and to ooze copper billet compacting tool set and press machine with the copper seeping agent mixture cold-press moulding in the step 1, form and ooze the copper billet blank, pressure is 5.1T/cm
2
(4) Aided Machine processing: adopt Aided Machine processing, make product reach the requirement of drawing regulation.
(5) steam treatment: according to different behaviours in service, product surface is done the antirust processing of water vapor.
(6) at the conical surface non-metallic friction materials that bonds.
Prescription 4: the raw material of interior conical ring is formed and weight percentage is respectively: the copper powder 5%, the plumbago 1% that improve strength of materials performance, improve the easy cutting agent 0.5% of machinability, improve the oiling agent 0.9% of demoulding greasy property, improve the Bond 0.25% of iron powder copper powder plumbago mixing uniformity, surplus is iron powder 92.35%.
Use the interior conical ring manufacturing technology steps of prescription 4 as follows:
(1) batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 60 minutes.
(2) be shaped: conical ring compacting tool set and press machine form the powder metallurgy body blank of interior conical ring with the mixture cold-press moulding in the step (1) in adopting, and pressure is 5.5T/cm
2Go out to place the mark that oozes copper billet at 3 aperture position place single formings that form interference fit with 3 lock pins during shaping, will ooze copper billet when preventing from oozing the copper sintering to misplace the position.
(3) sintering: form in step (2) 3 ooze the copper mark and settle and ooze copper billet and body and put into the continous way sintering furnace together and carry out sintering heat treatment; The copper billet fusing is drawn in the body under powder metallurgy body capillary force action in sintering process, and copper infiltrates the back and improves with 3 aperture ambient density that lock pin forms interference fit; 1100 ℃ of sintering temperatures sintering belt insulation 50 minutes, are cooled to room temperature.
The described copper billet that oozes is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: plumbago 1.2%, and iron powder 10%, manganese powder 10%, oiling agent 1%, surplus is copper powder 77.8%.Described production technology of oozing copper billet is as follows: step 1, batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 43 minutes; Step 2, shaping: utilize and to ooze copper billet compacting tool set and press machine with the copper seeping agent mixture cold-press moulding in the step 1, form and ooze the copper billet blank, pressure is 6.5T/cm
2
(4) Aided Machine processing: adopt Aided Machine processing, make product reach the requirement of drawing regulation.
(5) steam treatment: according to different behaviours in service, product surface is done the antirust processing of water vapor.
(6) at the conical surface non-metallic friction materials that bonds.
Below table 1 be according to embodiment's material prescription, ooze the copper zone before oozing copper with the powdered metallurgical material composition and the physical and mechanical properties contrast table that ooze behind the copper.
Table 1
| Time | Before oozing copper | After oozing copper |
| C Chemical combination(％) | 0.1～1.5 | 0.6～1.0 |
| Cu(％) | 0.5～5.0 | 9～13 |
| Fe(％) | Surplus | Surplus |
| Other element summation (%) | 2 | 2 |
| Density (g/cm 3) | 6.5～6.9 | 7.2～7.6 |
| Hardness (HRB) | 50～75 | 80～95 |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 350～450 | ≥600 |
| Compression yield strength (MPa) | 380～450 | ≥490 |
| Cross-breaking strength (MPa) | 700～900 | ≥1140 |
| Specific elongation (%) | ≤1 | ≥3 |
Partial data explanation in the table 1:
(1), C
Chemical combination, referring to the combined carbon in the material, combined carbon can improve the strength of materials.In sintering process, the plumbago that adds in the batching (Main Ingredients and Appearance is C) major part is converted into combined carbon, and small part loses in sintering circuit.
(2), other element summation, refer to impurity element and easy cutting agent summation in the material.Impurity element refers to Mn, Si, S, P etc.
(3), in the interior conical ring manufacturing process, the oiling agent and the Bond that add in the compounding process have been fallen by burn off in sintering circuit.The oiling agent that oozes in the copper billet also can be fallen by burn off when sintering.
(4), as can be seen from Table 1, oozing density behind the copper, hardness, tensile strength, compression yield strength, cross-breaking strength and specific elongation all is greatly improved before oozing copper, thereby the intensity of the stressed big position of the powder metallurgy blank that oozes behind the copper is obviously improved, it is big that lock pin is held tightly power, increased the usability of product in synchronizer.
(5), the description of material property contrast table:
Iron-base powder metallurgy material is because existing the space, and its density all is lower than fine and close steel material, makes the strength of materials generally lower.Improving density of material is the key that improves the powdered metallurgical material mechanical property, is to improve one of topmost method of powdered metallurgical material density and ooze the copper processing.The basic principle of oozing the copper processing is: carry out sintering under the temperature that is higher than the copper fusing point, this moment, copper was in melted state, the capillary force that utilizes the hole in the powder metallurgy base substrate to produce sucks base substrate to copper liquid, the copper that sucks is inserted in the space in the base substrate, blank density is improved greatly, thereby improve the mechanical property of sintering blank.When oozing copper in addition and handling, copper liquid can penetrate in the base substrate at short notice, and is diffused in the iron-based body around the hole and produces solution strengthening, and the effect of solution strengthening also can improve the mechanical strength of material.
Be structure and the working procedure thereof of the interior conical ring compacting tool set that adopts in the interior conical ring manufacturing process below.
One, the concrete structure of interior conical ring compacting tool set: with reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 8.
The compacting tool set of conical ring comprises die mould former 1, upper punch I2, upper punch II3, bottom punch I4, bottom punch II5 and plug 6 in a kind of powder metallurgy, wherein:
(1), the die mould former, as shown in Figure 3, die cavity is cylindrical die cavity 11 in it, the interior cavity surface of die mould former 1 and the jointing place of upper and lower end face are rounded corner 13,14, this rounded corner 13,14 radius are R0.01～5mm.In the middle of the external form of die mould former 1, be provided with step 12, be used for the die mould former is fixed on the press mould bases.
The cylindrical die cavity 11 of described die mould former forms Spielpassung with the external form of upper punch I and by bottom punch I and three external forms that bottom punch II is common assembled when assembling.
(2) upper punch is assembled by upper punch I2 and upper punch II3, wherein:
Described upper punch I, shown in Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, die cavity is cylindrical hole 23 in it, with the corresponding setting of cylindrical cylindrical on upper punch II top, the two forms Spielpassung during assembling; The cylindrical die cavity 11 corresponding settings on its external form and die mould former 1 top, the two forms Spielpassung during compression moulding.The top of described upper punch I cylindrical is provided with base 21, is used for being fixed on the press mould bases.
Shown in Fig. 4 a, the same circumference in described upper punch I upper edge is evenly distributed with 3 flat holes 22 vertically, above-mentioned flat hole 22 is flat Hole chamfering 221 with the jointing place of upper punch I lower end surface, and shape and the annular chamfer on the compacting tool set 24 of this flat Hole chamfering 221 are identical.During assembling, the corresponding setting of external form of the flat boss in the flat hole on die cavity and the bottom punch II, the two forms Spielpassung.The quantity of the flat boss 51 on the quantity in described flat hole 22 and the bottom punch II is identical.
Shown in Fig. 4 c, be provided with annular chamfer 24 at the cylindrical position of upper punch I lower end surface, the axial height of this annular chamfer is X=0～2mm, radial width is W=0～1.5mm; The inner peripheral surface of this chamfering 24 is the conical surface, and the angle between this conical surface and the horizontal plane is α=1 °～80 °.The effect of this chamfering 24 is: be used for the annular chamfer structure that the platform at cylindrical position, conical ring blank upper-end surface in the moulding is connected with frustum.
Described upper punch II, shown in Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, its external form is provided with cylndrical surface, the conical surface 32 and following cylndrical surface from top to bottom successively; Angle between this conical surface 32 and its central axis is β=0.1 °～15 °, and it is used for the endoporus conical surface of conical ring blank in the moulding, the machining allowance when reducing machining.Upper punch II3 is uniform-distribution with counterbore 31 and the through hole 33 of a plurality of connections along same circumference, can be 2～6, is 4 in the present embodiment, and its effect is that upper punch II is installed on the mould bases.
(3) bottom punch is assembled by bottom punch I4 and three bottom punch II5, and the external form after its assembly unit matches with the corresponding setting of interior type, the shape of die mould former 1, and the two forms Spielpassung during assembling.Wherein:
Described bottom punch I, shown in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b, die cavity is cylindrical hole 41 in it, and its external form is to be interconnected by a plurality of radial grooves 45 that are equally spaced along circumference and extend vertically and a plurality of radial protrusion 44 to form, and described radial groove 45 arranges at interval with radial protrusion 44.The bottom cylindrical of this bottom punch I4 is provided with base 42, on the press mould bases.
Known to Fig. 6 a, upper edge, the upper-end surface circumference of described bottom punch I4 equidistantly is provided with a plurality of axial projection or axial notch 46, its effect is: 3 orifice region on interior conical ring finished product will be oozed copper, for conveniently oozing the operation of process for copper, ooze in the upper-end surface of interior conical ring copper zone with the upper punch straight forming 3 placements ooze the mark of copper billet, prevent from misplacing the position with oozing copper billet.Specifically, the axial projection on the compacting tool set or axial notch structure, the copper billet that oozes that can corresponding compression moulding is labeled as axial notch or axial projection, and its shape of cross section can be Any shape such as circle, prismatic, square, round dot.
The interior die cavity of described bottom punch I4 is cylindrical hole 41, its corresponding setting with the plug external form, and the two forms Spielpassung during assembling; With the corresponding setting of the bottom external form of upper punch II, the two formed Spielpassung when compacting was finished again.The top external form of described bottom punch I4 respectively with the bottom of die mould former in the corresponding setting of interior type on type and bottom punch II top, form Spielpassung respectively.Be provided with radial detents 43 in the lower end surface of bottom punch I.
Described bottom punch II is shown in Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b.Its top is flat boss 51, and its middle part and bottom are bottom punch II body 52; The joint of this flat boss and bottom punch II body 52 is rounded corner 54.The corresponding setting of interior type of die cavity in the flat hole on the external form of this flat boss and the bottom punch I.Underpart at bottom punch II body 52 is provided with fixed base 53, on the press mould bases.
(4) plug, as shown in Figure 8, its external form is cylindrical structural, and the cylindrical cylindrical of this plug and the junction point of upper and lower end face are rounded corner 63,64, and the radius of this rounded corner is R0.01～5mm.This plug 6 is provided with counterbore 61 and the center hole 62 of connection.
Two, the working procedure of interior conical ring compacting tool set: with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b, Fig. 2 c.
Die mould former 1, upper punch I2, upper punch II3, bottom punch I4, bottom punch II5 and plug 6 are installed on the mould bases, and this mould bases is fixed on the press machine.In the interior type of die mould former 1 and form the interior die cavity of an annular in the die mould former between the plug external form at die cavity center, from stretching into down in the above-mentioned annular the die cavity, and form die cavity in the charging by the common assembled bottom punch of bottom punch I and three bottom punch II4.And be Spielpassung between all mould parts of die cavity in the formation charging, can be free to slide each other.During compression moulding, Spielpassung is formed at the top of die cavity in the external form bottom of upper punch I2 and the above-mentioned charging, can be free to slide each other, and upper punch II3 is descending with upper punch I2, and extruding plug 6 is descending, and forms Spielpassung with bottom punch I.After compacting is finished, between the interior type and upper punch I2, bottom punch I4 and bottom punch II5 of the interior type of die mould former 1 and upper punch II3, a type and the akin interior die cavity of the external form of interior conical ring blank 8, i.e. interior conical ring blank cavity in it have been formed.Specifically, the interior type of above-mentioned upper punch II3 is to be made of cylndrical surface and the conical surface between the two under the last cylndrical surface of part and the part.
Before the charging, upper punch I, upper punch II be positioned at die mould former 1 directly over, and its underpart is uncovered corresponding with the upper end of interior die cavity.After filling up pulverous powdered metallurgical material 7 in the die cavity in above-mentioned charging, upper punch I, upper punch II are descending with the press machine top slide block, upper punch II at first contacts with plug 6, and extruding plug 6 is descending, behind the descending segment distance, the bottom of upper punch I enters the top of the cylindrical die cavity 11 of die mould former, and upper punch II bottom enters the top of bottom punch I.The regulation pressure lower compression powdered metallurgical material to assigned position; At this moment, three of bottom punch II top flat boss have stretched in three flat holes on the upper punch I.Die mould former 1 is descending then, and upper punch I, upper punch II are up, and bottom punch II is descending, and the interior conical ring blank 8 after the moulding is deviate from from die mould former 1, finishes a production process.Move in circles successively.
Fig. 9 a, Fig. 9 b are represented is structural representation by the interior conical ring blank of this compacting tool set straight forming.Conical ring blank 8 comprises blank body 81, evenly distributes and be connected the concave station 82 on the blank body and be arranged on flat hole 83 on the concave station along circumference in described.Interior conical ring lower end surface 812 has in 3 center hole zones and prevents from oozing that copper billet misplaces the position oozes copper mark 84.Wherein: the joint of concave station bottom surface and concave station axial sides is the concave station rounded corner 821 by the mould straight forming, shown in Fig. 9 e.Described flat hole 83 is flat hole circle chamfering 831 with the jointing place of concave station bottom surface, shown in Fig. 9 c.
Shown in Fig. 9 b, the interior die cavity of described interior conical ring blank is to be made of the cylndrical surface 86 on top, the conical surface 85 at middle part and the cylndrical surface 87 of bottom; The conical surface 85 at its middle part and the angle between its center axially bored line are γ=0.1 °～15 °.
Shown in Fig. 9 d, the cylindrical position of the upper-end surface 811 of interior conical ring blank is provided with the annular chamfer structure that platform is connected with frustum, the width of its platform is L=0～1.5mm, and its frustum height vertically is H=0～2mm, and the angle between this frustum and the horizontal plane is β=1 °～80 °.
Interior conical ring blank 8 needs through turning the end face that oozes the copper mark is arranged, the turning endoporus conical surface, and process with 3 holes of lock pin interference fit and Hole chamferings thereof, in 3 transverse holes of 3 flat holes place's processing oozing the copper zone, just can obtain at last satisfactory in the conical ring finished product.
What accompanying drawing of the present invention was represented is to have 3 concave stations, 3 interior conical ring compacting tool sets that ooze the copper mark for moulding.Compacting tool set has 4 concave stations and 4 and oozes copper mark or 6 concave stations and 6 interior conical rings that ooze the copper mark if will be used for moulding, that is to say, interior conical ring fovea superior platform and quantity selection in addition between 2-10 of oozing the copper mark will be done the correspondence adjustment to the compacting tool set structure according to the quantity of interior conical ring fovea superior platform.Specifically, only need the following mould structure of change to get final product, that is: quantity and the axial projection on the bottom punch I or the number of axial notch etc. in the flat hole on the number of the number of the radial groove on the bottom punch I and radial protrusion, bottom punch II, the upper punch I corresponding with the flat boss on the bottom punch II.
Claims (13)
1. manufacturing process of heavily blocking conical ring in the Synchromous device of gearbox, the matrix of conical ring is powdered metallurgical material in being somebody's turn to do, this powdered metallurgical material is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: copper powder 0.5～5%, plumbago 0.1～1.5%, easy cutting agent 0.1～1.5%, oiling agent 0.2～2%, Bond 0.01～1.5%, surplus is iron powder 88.5～99.09%; It is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 10～70 minutes;
(2) be shaped: conical ring compacting tool set and press machine form interior conical ring blank with the mixture cold-press moulding in the step (1) in utilizing, and pressure is 5～8T/cm
2During shaping, go out to place the mark that oozes copper billet at the aperture position place single forming with lock pin formation interference fit;
(3) sintering: what will ooze that copper billet is positioned over the powder metallurgy body oozes the copper billet marked locations, and and body go into the continous way sintering furnace together and carry out sintering heat treatment; The copper billet fusing is drawn in the body under powder metallurgy body capillary force action in sintering process; Sintering temperature is 1080～1200 ℃, sintering belt insulation 30～90 minutes, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) Aided Machine processing: adopt Aided Machine processing, make product reach the requirement of drawing regulation;
(5) steam treatment: according to different behaviours in service, product surface is done the antirust processing of water vapor;
(6) at the conical surface non-metallic friction materials that bonds.
2. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The copper billet that oozes in the described step (3) is made by following raw materials by weight percent composition: plumbago 0.05～1.2%, and iron powder 1～10%, manganese powder 1～10%, oiling agent 0.1～1%, surplus is copper powder 77.8～97.85%;
Described production technology of oozing copper billet is as follows:
Step 1, batch mixing: various raw materials are put in the batch mixer by formula rate, mixed 10～50 minutes;
Step 2, shaping: utilize and to ooze copper billet compacting tool set and press machine with the copper seeping agent mixture cold-press moulding in the step 1, form and ooze the copper billet blank, pressure is 2～7T/cm
2
3. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Aided Machine in the described step (4) is processed as: what copper sintering blank was oozed in interior conical ring turning oozes copper end face and endoporus forming inner conical surface, to process hole and the Hole chamfering that forms interference fit with lock pin oozing the copper position, and the cross machine hole.
4. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Interior conical ring compacting tool set in the described step (2) comprises die mould former (1), upper punch I (2), upper punch II (3), bottom punch I (4), bottom punch II (5) and plug (6);
When being in state of charge, the interior type of described die mould former and form the interior die cavity of an annular in the die mould former between the plug external form at die cavity center, in this die cavity with form Spielpassung by the assembled external form of bottom punch I (4) and a plurality of bottom punch II (5);
During compression moulding, upper punch I (2) and upper punch II (3) are to lower slider, the external form bottom of upper punch I (2) enters the inner chamber type top of die mould former (1), and simultaneously the flat boss (51) on bottom punch II (5) top stretches in the flat hole (22) on the upper punch I, and the two forms Spielpassung; And moved downward by upper punch II (3) extruding plug (6), make the bottom external form of upper punch II (3) enter the interior die cavity top of bottom punch I (4), the two forms Spielpassung;
After compacting was finished, the type of the type that is positioned at die mould former (1) and the external form of upper punch II (3) and the die cavity between upper punch I (2), bottom punch I (4) and the bottom punch II (5) was close with the external form of conical ring blank (8).
5. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described die mould former (1), die cavity is cylindrical die cavity (11) in it;
Described plug (6), its external form are cylindrical structural;
Described bottom punch I (4), die cavity is cylindrical hole (41) in it, with the corresponding setting of plug (6) external form, the two forms Spielpassung during assembling; Its external form is to be interconnected by a plurality of radial grooves (45) that are equally spaced along circumference and extend vertically and a plurality of radial protrusion (44) to form, and this radial groove and radial protrusion arrange at interval; Equidistantly be provided with a plurality of axial projection or axial notch (46) at the upper edge, upper-end surface of bottom punch I (4) circumference;
Described bottom punch II (5), its quantity is identical with the quantity of the radial groove (45) that bottom punch I is provided with; The corresponding setting of radial groove (45) on the inner side surface of this bottom punch II and the bottom punch I (4), the two forms Spielpassung during assembling, simultaneously, and the external form that itself and bottom punch I are assembled, with the corresponding setting of interior die cavity of die mould former (1), the two forms Spielpassung again; The top of this bottom punch II (5) is provided with a flat boss (51), the corresponding setting of interior die cavity in the flat hole (22) on the external form of this flat boss (51) and the upper punch I (2), and the two forms Spielpassung during compression moulding;
Described upper punch I (2), type is cylindrical hole (23) in it, with the corresponding setting of cylindrical cylindrical on upper punch II (3) top, the two forms Spielpassung; The corresponding setting of cylindrical die cavity (11) of its external form and die mould former (1), the two forms Spielpassung; The cylindrical position of described upper punch I (2) lower end surface is provided with annular chamfer (24);
Described upper punch II (3), its external form is followed successively by cylndrical surface, the conical surface (32) and following cylndrical surface from top to bottom.
6. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the axial height of the annular chamfer (24) on described upper punch I (2) lower end surface is X=0～2mm, and radial width is W=0～1.5mm; The inner peripheral surface of this chamfering (24) is the conical surface, and the angle between this conical surface and the horizontal plane is α=1 °～80 °.
7. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the flat hole (22) on the described upper punch I (2) is for a plurality of and evenly distribute along same circumference, and the quantity in this flat hole is identical with the quantity of flat boss (51); Above-mentioned flat hole (22) is flat Hole chamfering (221) with the jointing place of upper punch I lower end surface, and the shape of this flat Hole chamfering and annular chamfer (24) are identical.
8. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described upper punch II (3) is uniform-distribution with counterbore (31) and the through hole (33) of a plurality of connections along same circumference, and the angle between the conical surface which is provided with (32) and the central axis is β=0.1 °～15 °.
9. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the bottom cylindrical of described bottom punch I (4) is provided with base (42); The lower end surface of described bottom punch I (4) is provided with locating slot (43).
10. the manufacturing process of conical ring in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the shape of cross section of the axial projection on the described bottom punch I (4) or axial notch (46) is any in circle, prismatic, square, the round dot.
11. the manufacturing process of conical ring is characterized in that in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 5, the flat boss (51) on the described bottom punch II (5) is rounded corner (54) with the joint of bottom punch II body (52); Be provided with fixed base (53) in the underpart of bottom punch II body (52).
12. the manufacturing process of conical ring is characterized in that in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 5, is provided with a step (12) in the middle of the external form of described die mould former (1); The jointing place of the interior cavity surface end face upper and lower with it of described die mould former (1) is rounded corner (13,14), and the radius of this rounded corner (13,14) is R0.01～5mm.
13. the manufacturing process of conical ring is characterized in that described plug (6) is provided with counterbore (61) and the center hole (62) of connection in the heavy card Synchromous device of gearbox as claimed in claim 5; The junction point of the cylindrical cylindrical end face upper and lower with it of described plug (6) is rounded corner (63,64), and the radius of this rounded corner (63,64) is R0.01～5mm.
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| CN105234406B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-10-19 | 碧梦技(上海）复合材料有限公司 | A kind of novel powder metallurgy mold and the powder metallurgical technique using the mold |
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