CN102235060A - Design method and design system for roof rainwater drainage systems and drainage system - Google Patents
Design method and design system for roof rainwater drainage systems and drainage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102235060A CN102235060A CN2010101578241A CN201010157824A CN102235060A CN 102235060 A CN102235060 A CN 102235060A CN 2010101578241 A CN2010101578241 A CN 2010101578241A CN 201010157824 A CN201010157824 A CN 201010157824A CN 102235060 A CN102235060 A CN 102235060A
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method for roof rainwater drainage systems, which comprises the following steps of: calculating the volumetric flow rate of water flowing through a rainwater hopper; calculating the mass flow rate of an aerified water flow; calculating the pressure loss of each pipeline section based on the mass flow rate of the aerified water flow; calculating the values of negative pressures on a hanged pipe and a stand pipe at the junction point of the tail end of the hanged pipe and the top end of the stand pipe; judging whether the values of negative pressures on the hanged pipe and the stand pipe at the junction point satisfy the design requirements of a pipe system or not, if so, completing the design process; and otherwise, designing the value of each pipe diameter again, and then calculating again. Therefore, in the drainage system designed according to the design method for roof rainwater drainage systems provided by the invention, the pipes of the drainage system are thin and short in length, so that the application quantity and construction quantity of the pipes can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the whole drainage system. Meanwhile, the drainage system is additionally provided with an exhaust device, therefore, the hidden troubles such as roof rainwater ponding and leakage as well as manhole sweating can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building water supply and drainage field, be specifically related to a kind of method for designing and design system of rain water on roof drainage system, and according to the drainage system of this method for designing or design system design.
Background technology
Along with the rising of the global energy crisis and the prices of raw and semifnished materials, the cost of building is also more and more higher, therefore, just needs building design units to reduce the consumption of constructional materials, to reduce building costs as far as possible.
The rain water on roof drainage system is an indispensable part in the whole building design, and it is used for the rainwater on the building roofing is in time cleared, to avoid causing because of roof ponding accident such as roof leakage.In actual applications, the length of each pipeline in the rain water on roof drainage system and the size of diameter are one of key factors that influences this drainage system building costs, and the fluidised form of rainwater exists inseparable relation in the design of above-mentioned each pipe diameter and the pipeline.
As everyone knows, there are three kinds of different fluidised forms in the rain water on roof drainage system because of the difference of amount of rainfall: promptly, and gravity current, two phase flow and pressure current.See also Fig. 1, wherein show the variation that the fluidised form of rain water on roof drainage system is taken place with the rainwater changes in flow rate, abscissa is represented the rainwater flow, is embodied in the vent flow q in the roof drain unit interval
w, unit is l/s; Ordinate is represented the preceding water level H of roof drain
1, unit is cm.Expression gravity current interval, O-A ' interval in the curve shown in Figure 1, the rainwater flow in this interval is less, and current not aeration formed water one phase gravity current; The interval expression of curve B-C pressure current (also claiming siphon jet) interval, the rainwater flow in this interval is bigger, and current not aeration formed water one phase pressure stream; The interval expression of A '-B two phase flow interval, the rainwater flow in this interval is between gravity current interval and pressure current interval, and the current aeration has formed the gravitational pressure two phase flow.
Although people have found three kinds of different fluidised forms that the rain water on roof draining exists because of the difference of amount of rainfall, but also the someone works out theoretical model at aforementioned two phase flow up to now, therefore, the design scheme of existing rain water on roof drainage system is mainly at aforementioned gravity current or pressure current and propose.
Particularly, the gravity current design scheme is a design basis with the represented fluidised form in O-A ' interval in the curve shown in Figure 1, and its design principle is based on the current energy that flows as water body with self gravitation of aeration, water body not; The pressure current design scheme is a design basis with the interval represented fluidised form of the B-C in the curve shown in Figure 1, its design principle is based on the current energy that flows as water body with the negative pressure that produces in the piping of aeration, water body not, and the negative pressure in the piping is shown in the pressure distribution curve in Fig. 2 rain water on roof drainage system.Above-mentioned two kinds of design schemes have been considered wherein a kind of energy of existing in the drainage procedure separately, do not consider two kinds of simultaneous situations of energy, therefore, the pipeline of the drainage system that goes out according to above-mentioned two kinds of schematic designs is long, caliber is thicker, material consumption is more, causes the drainage system cost to increase.And longer pipe road and thicker caliber also cause construction volume to increase, and construction period prolongs, and has increased construction investment.
And in the pressure current design scheme, the generation of negative pressure differential energy requires in the current not aeration and piping all condition such as to be filled by water in the piping, therefore, just this fluidised form can take place when only reaching certain rainfall intensity.In practical engineering application, according to the Drainage Design standard, the rainfall intensity that satisfies the pressure current condition just may take place once in per 5 years even 10 years, in other words, in 5 years in addition the most rainfalls that occurred in 10 years can not cause pressure current.Therefore, in the most of the time, design the drainage system that obtains and do not bring into play its due effect at all according to the pressure current design scheme.
In addition, above-mentioned two kinds of design schemes all are the draining situations of only having considered the water one phase flow, the draining situation when not considering two phase flow to occur.Yet a large amount of statistical results show: in actual rainfall, the probability that gravity current, two phase flow and pressure current occur is respectively 6%, 88% and 6%, that is to say, the probability that occurs two phase flow in actual rainfall is higher than gravity current or pressure current far away.And, even if the rain water on roof drainage system also may experience two or three in above-mentioned three kinds of fluidised forms in a rainfall.Therefore, designing in the roof drainage system, when two phase flow takes place based on the water one phase flow, because the current aeration, therefore, gas will occupy hanging pipe, standpipe and bury the part cross-section of river of ground rainwater pipe, cause impeded drainage, cause roof ponding and/or underground pipe manhole to emit the water accident easily.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of method for designing of rain water on roof drainage system, the mass flow of this method for designing after with the current aeration is excretion, in design, both considered the gravity energy of water body, considered the negative pressure differential energy that occurs in the piping again, thin and pipeline is shorter with the caliber of this drainage system of designing, thus the tubing consumption saved, reduced the cost of drainage system.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention also provides a kind of design system of rain water on roof drainage system, the mass flow of this design system after with the current aeration is excretion, considered the negative pressure differential energy that occurs in the gravity energy of water body and the piping simultaneously, utilize the caliber of drainage system of this design system design thin and pipeline is shorter, thereby saved the consumption of tubing, reduced the cost of drainage system.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention also provides a kind of rain water on roof drainage system, this drainage system is excretion in when design with the mass flow behind the current aeration, considered the negative pressure differential energy that occurs in the gravity energy of water body and the piping simultaneously, therefore, this drainage system caliber is thin and pipeline is shorter, has saved the consumption of material, thereby has reduced the construction investment of drainage system.
For this reason, the invention provides a kind of method for designing of rain water on roof drainage system, may further comprise the steps:
10) the volume flow q of the water that flows through in the calculating roof drain
w
20) based on the volume flow q of water
wAnd the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m
30) based on the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mAnd calculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline;
40) calculate hanging pipe and standpipe in point of interface place separately the negative pressure value of hanging pipe end with riser top ends;
50) determining step 40) in terminal each the negative pressure value of point of interface place with riser top ends of the hanging pipe that obtains and standpipe at hanging pipe whether greater than the negative pressure threshold value at this place, if, then reset the caliber value of each pipeline section and make it, then forward step 30 to) greater than the preceding corresponding caliber value of once setting; If not, show that then each section caliber meets design requirement, and finish design cycle.
Wherein, in described step 20) in, the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mCalculation procedure specifically comprise:
100) according to formula
And the volume flow q of the resulting water of step 10)
w, calculate the preceding water level H of roof drain
1
200) according to formula
And step 100) the preceding water level H of resulting roof drain
1, calculate roof drain air entrainment q
a
300) according to the volume flow q of described water
w, roof drain air entrainment q
aAnd formula Q
m=S
wq
w+ S
aq
a, the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m
In the above-mentioned formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
S
a-air quality density kg/m
3
Wherein, in described step 30) in, utilize formula
And step 20) the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains in
mCalculate the pressure loss of standpipe or tube connector, utilize formula h
W2=9 * 10
-3Q
m 1.0545U
m -0.0545D
-2.5545Ln and step 20) in mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains
mCalculate the pressure loss of hanging pipe or discharge pipe,
In the formula:
h
W1The pressure loss mH of-vertical tube (standpipe or tube connector)
2O
h
W2The pressure loss mH of-horizontal tube (hanging pipe or discharge pipe)
2O
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
U
mDynamic viscosity kg-s/m behind the-current aeration
2
D-caliber m
The relative roughness of n-tubing
L-duct length m.
Wherein, in described step 40) in, the negative pressure value of standpipe at the point of interface place equals in the standpipe pressure loss from pressure zero point to its top; The negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place equals the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place
2And the pressure loss of tube connector and hanging pipe and, the negative pressure value H at described roof drain outlet opening place
2Calculation procedure specifically comprise:
410) according to formula
And the volume flow q of the resulting water of step 10)
w, calculate the preceding water level H of roof drain
1
420) according to formula
And step 100) the preceding water level H of resulting roof drain
1, calculate roof drain air entrainment q
a
430) according to the volume flow q of described water
w, roof drain air entrainment q
a, water level H before the roof drain
1And formula
Calculate the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place
2
In the above-mentioned formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
H
2The negative pressure value mH at-roof drain outlet opening place
2O
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
S
mFluid mass density kg/m behind the-current aeration
3
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
Wherein, in described step 50) in, described negative pressure threshold value is-8mH
2O.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of design system of rain water on roof drainage system, and this design system comprises:
The volume flow acquisition module of water, it is used to calculate the volume flow q of the water that flows through in the roof drain
w
Mass flow acquisition module behind the current aeration, it is used for the volume flow q according to water
wCalculate the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
m
Pressure loss acquisition module, it is used for according to the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mCalculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline;
Point of interface negative pressure value acquisition module, it is used to calculate hanging pipe and standpipe is terminal at hanging pipe and the point of interface place negative pressure value separately of riser top ends;
Judge module, it is used to judge that negative pressure value that point of interface negative pressure value acquisition module obtains is whether greater than the negative pressure threshold value at this place, if, then reset each caliber value and make it, then recomputate the pressure loss of each section pipeline again by pressure loss acquisition module greater than the preceding corresponding caliber value of once setting; If not, show that then each section caliber meets design requirement, and finish design cycle.
Wherein, the mass flow acquisition module behind the described current aeration specifically comprises:
Water level obtains submodule before the roof drain, and it is based on formula
And the volume flow q of water
wAnd water level H before the calculating roof drain
1, wherein
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s;
The roof drain air entrainment is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula
And water level obtains water level H before the described roof drain that obtains in the submodule before roof drain
1And calculating roof drain air entrainment q
a, wherein
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s;
Mass flow behind the current aeration is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula Q
m=S
wq
w+ S
aq
aAnd the volume flow q of water
w, described roof drain air entrainment q
aAnd the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m, wherein
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
S
a-air quality density kg/m
3
Wherein, described pressure loss acquisition module comprises:
The vertical tube pressure loss is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula
L and by the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains in the mass flow acquisition module behind the current aeration
m, calculate the pressure loss of standpipe or each tube connector;
The horizontal tube pressure loss is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula h
W2=9 * 10
-3Q
m 1.0545U
m -0.0545D
-2.5545Ln and by the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains in the mass flow acquisition module behind the current aeration
mCalculate the pressure loss h of horizontal tube
W2,
In the formula
h
W1The pressure loss mH of-vertical tube (standpipe or tube connector)
2O
h
W2The pressure loss mH of-horizontal tube (hanging pipe or discharge pipe)
2O
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
U
mDynamic viscosity kg-s/m behind the-current aeration
2
D-caliber m
The relative roughness of n-tubing
L-duct length m.
Wherein, described point of interface negative pressure value acquisition module comprises:
Standpipe negative pressure value is obtained submodule, and it obtains standpipe in the negative pressure value of hanging pipe end with the point of interface of riser top ends based on the pressure loss from the pressure dead-center position to its top in the standpipe;
Hanging pipe negative pressure value is obtained submodule, the negative pressure value H at the pressure loss of its pressure loss based on hanging pipe, tube connector and roof drain outlet opening place
2And and calculate the negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place, the negative pressure value H at described roof drain outlet opening place
2Based on formula
And the volume flow q of water
w, roof drain air entrainment q
aWith water level H before the roof drain
1And calculate,
In the above-mentioned formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
H
2The negative pressure value mH at-roof drain outlet opening place
2O
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
S
mFluid mass density kg/m behind the-current aeration
3
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
Wherein, in the described judge module, described negative pressure threshold value is-8mH
2O.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of rain water on roof drainage system, comprise roof drain, tube connector, hanging pipe, standpipe and discharge pipe, described roof drain is connected with described hanging pipe by described tube connector, described standpipe one end is connected with described hanging pipe, the other end is connected with described discharge pipe, and described discharge pipe is communicated with underground pipe, and the caliber size of described roof drain, tube connector, hanging pipe, standpipe and discharge pipe calculates by the method for designing of above-mentioned described rain water on roof drainage system and obtains.
Wherein, be provided with exhaust plant on described discharge pipe, described exhaust plant is the pipe of hollow, and the one end is communicated with described discharge pipe, the other end leads in the manhole and near the pithead position of manhole, by the air vent on the manhole well lid gas in the current is discharged.Owing to designed exhaust plant on discharge pipe, therefore, the gas in the rainwater is discharged by exhaust plant before flowing into underground pipe, makes rainwater successfully discharge underground pipe, thereby has avoided roof draining rain and manhole to emit the accident of water.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
In the method for designing of rain water on roof drainage system provided by the invention, considered the two phase flow situation behind the rain water on roof aeration in the drainage procedure, and be the pressure loss that excretion calculates each section pipeline with the mass flow behind the current aeration, and, in computational process, both considered the gravity energy of water body in the piping, considered the negative pressure differential energy in the piping again, available all energy have been excavated, thereby make the drainage system that obtains according to such method for designing can not only satisfy the roof drainage requirement, but also has the thin caliber of caliber of the drainage system that obtains than adopting gravity current or pressure current design scheme, simultaneously, this method has considered that also the negative pressure at roof drain place can produce siphonage to rainwater when design, improved the drainability of roof drain greatly, thereby can reduce the quantity and the gutter (promptly shortened the length of pipeline) supporting of roof drain with it.Thereby, adopt the method for designing of rain water on roof drainage system provided by the invention can reduce the tubing consumption, and then reduce the cost of whole drainage system; Simultaneously, along with caliber and duct length reduce can also reduce construction volume and shorten construction period, this has further reduced construction investment.
In addition, in the design system of rain water on roof drainage system provided by the invention, considered the two phase flow situation behind the rain water on roof aeration in the drainage procedure, and be excretion with the mass flow behind the current aeration, considered the gravity energy of water body simultaneously, the siphonage of the negative pressure differential energy that occurs in the piping and the negative pressure at roof drain place, thereby make and to satisfy the roof drainage requirement, but also it is thin and duct length short to have a caliber of the drainage system that obtains than adopting gravity current or pressure current design scheme by the designed drainage system that goes out of this design system.Therefore, utilize the drainage system of design system design provided by the invention, can save the consumption of tubing, and then reduce the cost of whole drainage system; Simultaneously, along with caliber and duct length reduce can also reduce construction volume and shorten the engineering time, further reduced construction investment.
Correspondingly, rain water on roof drainage system provided by the invention has been considered the two phase flow situation behind the rain water on roof aeration in the drainage procedure, and be the pressure loss that excretion calculates each section pipeline with the mass flow behind the current aeration, and, in design process, both consider the gravity energy of water body self, considered the negative pressure differential energy in the piping again.Therefore, this drainage system can satisfy the rain water on roof drainage requirement, but also the caliber that the caliber with the drainage system that obtains than adopting gravity current or pressure current design scheme is thin, pipeline is short, thereby saved the consumption of tubing, reduce the cost of whole drainage system, responded the policy of country's " energy-conservation, material-saving ".
In addition, in the rain water on roof drainage system that a preferred embodiment of the invention provides, on discharge pipe, be provided with exhaust plant, the characteristic of utilizing water, gas two-phase proportion separately to differ greatly, gas in the rainwater is separated in discharge pipe and discharge, thereby rainwater is successfully drained from underground pipe, avoided manhole to emit the accident of water.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vent flow of roof drain unit interval in the rain water on roof drainage system;
The pressure distribution curve of Fig. 2 for producing in the rain water on roof drainage system;
Fig. 3 is the method for designing flow chart of rain water on roof drainage system of the present invention; And
Fig. 4 is a rain water on roof drainage system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-roof drain 2-tube connector 3-hanging pipe 4-standpipe 5-discharge pipe 6-exhaust plant 7-underground pipe 8-manhole 9-rainwater gutter
The specific embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, rain water on roof Water drainage system design method provided by the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Considered the two phase flow situation that rain water on roof takes place behind the roof drain aeration in the method for designing of rain water on roof drainage system of the present invention in discharge process, mass flow when at first calculating two phase flow behind the current aeration, calculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline again according to the mass flow behind the current aeration, determine the caliber value according to the negative pressure value and the pressure loss then, design whole house drainage system against rain thus.
Specifically, see also the method for designing flow chart of Fig. 3 rain water on roof drainage system of the present invention, the method for designing of rain water on roof drainage system of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
10) calculate the volume flow q of the water of each catchment area
w
Consult local meteorological data, obtain relevant meteorological datas such as rainfall intensity and recurrence interval, calculate the horizontal projection and the catchment area of draining roofing then and arrange roof drain, calculate the volume flow q that each catchment area is calculated the water of the catchment area that each roof drain bears according to meteorological data again
w, this computational process is identical with currently used conventional computational methods.
20) the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m
Calculate the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
m, water level H before the roof drain in the time of at first will obtaining two phase flow takes place
1, again according to water level H before the roof drain
1Calculate roof drain air entrainment q
a, calculate the mass flow Q behind the current aeration then
mConcrete computational process is as follows:
100) calculate the preceding water level H of roof drain
1
The volume flow q of the drainage rainwater that each roof drain that calculates in the step 10) is born
wSubstitution formula (1) obtains the preceding water level H of roof drain
1,
In the formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain;
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m;
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s.
200) calculate roof drain air entrainment q
a
With step 100) in water level H before the described roof drain that calculates
1Substitution formula (2),
Obtain roof drain air entrainment q
a,
In the formula:
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s;
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s;
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain;
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m.
Formula (2) is roof drain air entrainment q
aDesign formulas, it can determine the amount of the rain water on roof drainage system gas that current mix in the unit interval quantitatively, thereby has overcome the defective that can not quantitatively determine the roof drain air entrainment in the prior art.
300) the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m
Volume flow q with water
wWith roof drain air entrainment q
aSubstitution formula (3) calculates the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
m,
Q
m＝S
wq
w+S
aq
a…………………(3)
In the formula:
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration;
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
S
a-air quality density kg/m
3
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s;
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s.
In fact, the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mBe only the actual row output of rain water on roof drainage system, when gas-liquid two-phase flow takes place when, this mass flow Q
mCorrespondingly comprise actual liquid discharge rate and gas discharge rate.Than prior art, the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that calculates according to formula (1), (2), (3)
mThe actual row outlet capacity that more can reflect the rain water on roof drainage system exactly.Therefore, with the mass flow Q behind the above-mentioned current aeration
mAs the actual row output of rainwater and design the rain water on roof drainage system that obtains and more tally with the actual situation, also more reasonable.
30) with step 20) in mass flow Q behind the current aeration that calculate to obtain
mCalculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline for the vent flow of drainage system.When calculating the pressure loss of each section pipeline, at first to pre-estimate the caliber value of each section pipeline according to the vent flow of in the past design experiences and drainage system, calculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline then.Computational process is particularly:
At first rule of thumb estimate each section caliber value D,, calculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline again as standpipe, hanging pipe, tube connector etc.For the pressure loss, can utilize the Calculation of pressure loss formula (4) of vertical tube to calculate acquisition such as vertical tubes such as tube connector, standpipes; For the pressure loss such as horizontal tubes such as hanging pipe, discharge pipes, can utilize the Calculation of pressure loss formula (5) of horizontal tube to calculate acquisition,
h
w2＝9×10
-3Q
m 1.0545U
m -0.0545D
-2.5545Ln………(5)
In formula (4) and the formula (5):
h
W1The pressure loss mH of-vertical tube
2O;
h
W2The pressure loss mH of-horizontal tube
2O;
The relative roughness of n-tubing;
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration;
U
mDynamic viscosity kg-s/m behind the-current aeration
2
D-caliber m;
L-duct length m.
The gravity energy and the negative pressure differential energy of water body in the piping taken all factors into consideration in above-mentioned Calculation of pressure loss formula (4) and (5), thereby, the caliber that the caliber of the drainage system of designing in view of the above goes out with respect to foundation gravity current or pressure current schematic design wants thin, this has reduced the consumption of drainage system tubing, thereby has reduced the cost of whole drainage system.
40) calculate hanging pipe and standpipe point of interface place negative pressure value separately respectively in hanging pipe end and riser top ends
The pressure loss in the standpipe that the negative pressure value at the terminal point of interface place with riser top ends at hanging pipe of standpipe equals to calculate according to formula (4) on from the pressure dead-center position to its top this section pipeline section.Here, the pressure dead-center position be meant in the standpipe force value from the pairing negative pressure value of riser top ends gradually to the process of the pairing positive pressure value transition in standpipe bottom, the relevant position when force value is zero on the pairing standpipe sees also Fig. 4.
Hanging pipe equals the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place in the hanging pipe end and the negative pressure value at the point of interface place of riser top ends
2, the pressure loss of tube connector and hanging pipe the pressure loss and, concrete computational process is as follows:
At first, calculate the pressure loss of each section tube connector respectively according to formula (4), (hanging pipe is the pipeline that is used for a plurality of tube connectors and standpipe connection to calculate every section hanging pipe according to formula (5), therefore, can think, a plurality of tube connectors are divided into plurality of sections with hanging pipe) the pressure loss, calculate the negative pressure value H at each roof drain outlet opening place simultaneously
2, the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place
2Computational process be:
Volume flow q with water
wAnd water level H before the roof drain that obtains according to formula (2), (3)
1With roof drain air entrainment q
aSubstitution (9) can calculate the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place
2,
In the formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain;
H
2The negative pressure value mH at-roof drain outlet opening place
2O;
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m;
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s;
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s;
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
S
mFluid mass density kg/m behind the-current aeration
3
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
Then, will be apart from the pressure loss addition of the negative pressure value at standpipe roof drain outlet opening place farthest and the tube connector corresponding with this roof drain, acquisition is apart from the standpipe tube connector farthest and the negative pressure value of hanging pipe intersection, i.e. the negative pressure value (seeing also Fig. 4) at node a place.With the pressure loss of a-b section hanging pipe and the negative pressure value addition at node a place, obtain the first negative pressure value at node b place; Simultaneously, the pressure loss of tube connector that will be corresponding with node b place and with the negative pressure value addition at the corresponding roof drain outlet opening place of this tube connector, obtain the second negative pressure value; Afterwards, the first negative pressure value and the second negative pressure value are compared, with the negative pressure value of higher value as node b place.Continue the negative pressure value at computing node c, d place afterwards, computational process is identical with the computational process at node b place.
With the negative pressure value at node d place and the pressure loss addition of d-e section hanging pipe, obtain the negative pressure value at node e place at last, promptly hanging pipe is in the negative pressure value of hanging pipe end with the point of interface place of riser top ends.
The aforementioned calculation process is the situation that is connected with a plurality of roof drains on the hanging pipe.If only be connected with a roof drain on the hanging pipe, then only need negative pressure value H with roof drain outlet opening place
2, the pressure loss of tube connector and hanging pipe pressure loss addition can obtain the negative pressure value at the terminal point of interface place with riser top ends of hanging pipe at hanging pipe.
In the computational process of above-mentioned drainage system, owing to consider that the negative pressure at roof drain outlet opening place can produce siphonage to rainwater, improve the drainability of roof drain greatly, therefore, when the designing and arranging water system, can reduce the quantity of rain water on roof bucket and supporting with it discharge pipe line (as with corresponding tube connector of roof drain and hanging pipe), thereby shorten the duct length of drainage system, reduce the consumption and the construction volume of tubing, and then reduce the cost of whole drainage system.
50) according to step 40) in the hanging pipe and the standpipe that calculate to obtain judge in the terminal point of interface place negative pressure value separately of hanging pipe whether the discreet value of each section caliber value meets following waterpower designing requirement with riser top ends: at first, hanging pipe and standpipe all can not be greater than the negative pressure threshold values at this place in their point of interface place negative pressure value separately, as-8mH
2O, otherwise the point of interface place of hanging pipe and standpipe can be out of shape (as managing flat going back) because of the pressure of air, causes system's drainability to reduce.Secondly, the energy that standpipe can provide (negative pressure value) is greater than the pressure loss on the hanging pipe, be that the negative pressure value of standpipe at the point of interface place is greater than the negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place, otherwise, the energy that standpipe can provide can not satisfy the required energy of hanging pipe draining, cause system's drainability to reduce, cause roof ponding, even cause leakage accident.
In computational process, if hanging pipe and standpipe intersection negative pressure value separately are greater than the negative pressure threshold value, then show in step 30) in each section caliber value of estimating less, need reset the caliber value of each section pipeline, and, the corresponding caliber value of once estimating before the caliber value that resets is greater than, more set by step 30) recomputate; If hanging pipe and standpipe intersection negative pressure value separately are less than or equal to the negative pressure threshold value, and standpipe in the negative pressure value at point of interface place less than the negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place, then need improve the negative pressure value of standpipe, as increasing the caliber of discharge pipe at the point of interface place; If hanging pipe and standpipe point of interface place negative pressure value separately be less than the negative pressure threshold value, and standpipe in the negative pressure value at point of interface place greater than the negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place, show that then the caliber value of each section pipeline of estimating meets the waterpower designing requirement.
Need to prove, utilize drainage system that above-mentioned design scheme designs to prove, can satisfy the rain water on roof drainage requirement fully, can not cause roof ponding through computation model analog computation reliably.And the demonstration test of aforementioned calculation model through imitating 1: 1 full scale model of on-the-spot rain water on roof drainage system proves, therefore the ratio of simulation value and measured value, show that the aforementioned calculation model is reliable, safe, economical between 0.9～1.1.
It is design basis that the method for designing of the rain water on roof drainage system in the present embodiment two phase flow occurs with drainage system, provide the design formulas of current air entrainment when two phase flow takes place, and the design formulas of calculating the mass flow of current aeration according to air entrainment, and be the pressure loss in the basic calculation piping with the mass flow of current aeration, and then whether the design of checking drainage system caliber is reasonable.If the terminal point of interface place negative pressure value separately with riser top ends at hanging pipe of hanging pipe and standpipe is greater than the negative pressure threshold value, or the terminal point of interface place negative pressure value separately with riser top ends of hanging pipe and standpipe at hanging pipe less than the negative pressure threshold value hanging pipe in the negative pressure value at point of interface place greater than the negative pressure value of standpipe at the point of interface place, show that then the caliber design is unreasonable, need each caliber of redesign; If the terminal point of interface place negative pressure value separately with riser top ends at hanging pipe of hanging pipe and standpipe is less than the negative pressure threshold value, and hanging pipe in the negative pressure value of intersection less than the negative pressure value of standpipe at the point of interface place, show that then caliber is reasonable in design.This is that vent flow comes the method for designing and arranging water system both to consider the gravity energy of water body in the piping with the mass flow, considered the negative pressure differential energy in the piping again, make that the drainage system that obtains according to this method for designing is thin with respect to the caliber of the drainage system that designs with gravity current or pressure current design scheme, and, this method has been utilized the siphonage of the negative pressure of roof drain place generation to rainwater, improved the drainability of roof drain greatly, thereby the quantity and the gutter supporting of roof drain have been reduced with it, shortened the length of pipeline, reduce the consumption of tubing, reduced the cost of drainage system.Simultaneously, along with caliber and duct length reduce can also reduce construction volume and shorten construction period, further reduced construction investment.In addition, owing in the drainage procedure of drainage system when two phase flow takes place, have gravity energy and pressure energy simultaneously, therefore, even caliber with respect to thinner according to the caliber of gravity current or the design of pressure current design scheme, also can not influence the speed of draining.
Describe the rain water on roof drainage system that utilizes above-mentioned method for designing design below in detail, see also rain water on roof drainage system schematic diagram of the present invention shown in Figure 4, this drainage system comprises roof drain 1, tube connector 2, hanging pipe 3, standpipe 4 and discharge pipe 5, roof drain 1 is arranged on the bottom of rainwater gutter 9, and is connected with hanging pipe 3 by tube connector 2; Standpipe 4 one ends are connected with hanging pipe 3, the other end be laid on underground discharge pipe 5 and be connected; Discharge pipe 5 is communicated with manhole 8, and rainwater flows away by the underground pipe 7 that is communicated with manhole 8 after flowing into manhole from discharge pipe 5.
In rainfall, when drainage system during with the draining of two phase flow fluidised form, the parts that gas can occupy in hanging pipe 3, standpipe 4 and the underground pipe 7 are crossed the water cross section, cause impeded drainage, and, after rainwater flowed into manhole 8, owing to water, be difficult in the time of breathing hard separate, portion gas can enter underground pipe 7, and the proportion of gas is smaller, can occupy the part cross-section of river of underground pipe 7, cause impeded drainage, cause manhole 8 to emit the generation of water accident.For this reason, in the present embodiment, exhaust plant 6 is set on discharge pipe 5.One end of this exhaust plant 6 is communicated with discharge pipe 5, and between standpipe and manhole; Its other end leads to the inside of manhole and the position of close well lid.After rainwater flowed into discharge pipe 5, owing to water, gas two-phase proportion difference, the gas in the rainwater can rise to the top of discharge pipe, and discharged by exhaust plant 6.If rainwater is bigger, also have rainwater and flow out, and the outlet opening of exhaust plant 6 is arranged in the manhole 8 from exhaust plant 6, rainwater can be back in the manhole 8, and gas is discharged from the air vent on the well lid, therefore, can avoid manhole to emit the water accident.Exhaust plant 6 can be pipe of cement, steel pipe or the plastic pipe of hollow, also can be with brick passage.
Rain water on roof drainage system in the present embodiment is attached most importance to the two phase flow that drainage system occurs, and be that vent flow comes the designing and arranging water system with the mass flow behind the current aeration, both considered the gravity energy that water body has during design, considered the negative pressure differential energy that produces in the piping again, therefore, the caliber of this drainage system is thin, duct length will be lacked, and has saved material, has reduced the cost of drainage system.
Be understandable that above embodiment only is the illustrative embodiments that adopts for principle of the present invention is described, yet the present invention is not limited thereto.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention, can make various modification and improvement, these modification and improvement also are considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. the method for designing of a rain water on roof drainage system is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
10) the volume flow q of the water that flows through in the calculating roof drain
w
20) based on the volume flow q of water
wAnd the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m
30) based on the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mAnd calculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline;
40) calculate hanging pipe and standpipe in point of interface place separately the negative pressure value of hanging pipe end with riser top ends;
50) determining step 40) in each negative pressure value of obtaining whether greater than the negative pressure threshold value at this place, if then reset the caliber value of each pipeline section and make it, then forward step 30 to greater than the preceding corresponding caliber value of once setting); If not, show that then each section caliber meets design requirement, and finish design cycle.
2. rain water on roof Water drainage system design method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described step 20) in, the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mCalculation procedure specifically comprise:
100) according to formula
And the volume flow q of the resulting water of step 10)
w, calculate the preceding water level H of roof drain
1
200) according to formula
And step 100) the preceding water level H of resulting roof drain
1, calculate roof drain air entrainment q
a
300) according to the volume flow q of described water
w, roof drain air entrainment q
aAnd formula Q
m=S
wq
w+ S
aq
a, the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m
In the above-mentioned formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
S
a-air quality density kg/m
3
3. rain water on roof Water drainage system design method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in described step 30) in, formula utilized
And step 20) the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains in
mCalculate the pressure loss of standpipe or tube connector, utilize formula h
W2=9 * 10
-3Q
m 1.0545U
m -0.0545D
-2.5545Ln and step 20) in mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains
mCalculate the pressure loss of hanging pipe or discharge pipe,
In the formula:
h
W1The pressure loss mH of-vertical tube (standpipe or tube connector)
2O
h
W2The pressure loss mH of-horizontal tube (hanging pipe or discharge pipe)
2O
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
U
mDynamic viscosity kg-s/m behind the-current aeration
2
D-caliber m
The relative roughness of n-tubing
L-duct length m.
4. rain water on roof Water drainage system design method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in described step 40) in, the negative pressure value of standpipe at the point of interface place equals the pressure loss from the pressure dead-center position to its top in the standpipe; The negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place equals the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place
2And the pressure loss of tube connector and hanging pipe and, the negative pressure value H at described roof drain outlet opening place
2Calculation procedure specifically comprise:
410) according to formula
And the volume flow q of the resulting water of step 10)
w, calculate the preceding water level H of roof drain
1
420) according to formula
And step 100) the preceding water level H of resulting roof drain
1, calculate roof drain air entrainment q
a
430) according to the volume flow q of described water
w, roof drain air entrainment q
a, water level H before the roof drain
1And formula
Calculate the negative pressure value H at roof drain outlet opening place
2
In the above-mentioned formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
H
2The negative pressure value mH at-roof drain outlet opening place
2O
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
S
mFluid mass density kg/m behind the-current aeration
3
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
5. rain water on roof Water drainage system design method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described step 50) in, described negative pressure threshold value is-8mH
2O.
6. the design system of a rain water on roof drainage system is characterized in that comprising:
The volume flow acquisition module of water, it is used to calculate the volume flow q of the water that flows through in the roof drain
w
Mass flow acquisition module behind the current aeration, it is used for the volume flow q according to water
wCalculate the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
m
Pressure loss acquisition module, it is used for according to the mass flow Q behind the current aeration
mCalculate the pressure loss of each section pipeline;
Point of interface negative pressure value acquisition module, it is used to calculate hanging pipe and standpipe is terminal at hanging pipe and the point of interface place negative pressure value separately of riser top ends;
Judge module, it is used to judge that negative pressure value that point of interface negative pressure value acquisition module obtains is whether greater than the negative pressure threshold value at this place, if, then reset each caliber value and make it, then recomputate the pressure loss of each section pipeline again by pressure loss acquisition module greater than the preceding corresponding caliber value of once setting; If not, show that then each section caliber meets design requirement, and finish design cycle.
7. the design system of rain water on roof drainage system according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the mass flow acquisition module behind the described current aeration specifically comprises:
Water level obtains submodule before the roof drain, and it is based on formula
And the volume flow q of water
wAnd water level H before the calculating roof drain
1, wherein
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s;
The roof drain air entrainment is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula
And water level obtains water level H before the described roof drain that obtains in the submodule before roof drain
1And calculating roof drain air entrainment q
a, wherein
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s;
Mass flow behind the current aeration is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula Q
m=S
wq
w+ S
aq
aAnd the volume flow q of water
w, described roof drain air entrainment q
aAnd the mass flow Q behind the calculating current aeration
m, wherein
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
S
a-air quality density kg/m
3
8. the design system of rain water on roof drainage system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described pressure loss acquisition module comprises:
The vertical tube pressure loss is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula
And by the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains in the mass flow acquisition module behind the current aeration
m, calculate the pressure loss of standpipe or each tube connector;
The horizontal tube pressure loss is obtained submodule, and it is based on formula h
W2=9 * 10
-3Q
m 1.0545U
m -0.0545D
-2.5545Ln and by the mass flow Q behind the current aeration that obtains in the mass flow acquisition module behind the current aeration
mCalculate the pressure loss h of horizontal tube
W2,
In the formula
h
W1The pressure loss mH of-vertical tube (standpipe or tube connector)
2O
h
W2The pressure loss mH of-horizontal tube (hanging pipe or discharge pipe)
2O
Q
mMass flow kg/s behind the-current aeration
U
mDynamic viscosity kg-s/m behind the-current aeration
2
D-caliber m
The relative roughness of n-tubing
L-duct length m.
9. the design system of rain water on roof drainage system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described point of interface negative pressure value acquisition module comprises:
Standpipe negative pressure value is obtained submodule, and it obtains standpipe in the negative pressure value of hanging pipe end with the point of interface of riser top ends based on the pressure loss from the pressure dead-center position to its top in the standpipe;
Hanging pipe negative pressure value is obtained submodule, the negative pressure value H at the pressure loss of its pressure loss based on hanging pipe, tube connector and roof drain outlet opening place
2And and calculate the negative pressure value of hanging pipe at the point of interface place, the negative pressure value H at described roof drain outlet opening place
2Based on formula
And the volume flow q of water
w, roof drain air entrainment q
aWith water level H before the roof drain
1And calculate,
In the above-mentioned formula:
H
1Water level m before the-roof drain
H
2The negative pressure value mH at-roof drain outlet opening place
2O
D
r-roof drain outlet opening caliber m
G-acceleration of gravity m/s
2
q
wThe volume flow m of-water
3/ s
q
aThe volume flow m of-air
3/ s
S
mFluid mass density kg/m behind the-current aeration
3
S
w-water body mass density kg/m
3
10. the design system of rain water on roof drainage system according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in the described judge module, described negative pressure threshold value is-8mH
2O.
11. rain water on roof drainage system, comprise roof drain (1), tube connector (2), hanging pipe (3), standpipe (4) and discharge pipe (5), described roof drain (1) is connected with described hanging pipe (3) by described tube connector (2), described standpipe (4) one ends are connected with described hanging pipe (3), the other end is connected with described discharge pipe (5), described discharge pipe (5) is communicated with manhole (8), it is characterized in that described roof drain (1), tube connector (2), hanging pipe (3), the caliber size of standpipe (4) and discharge pipe (5) calculates according to the method for designing of the described rain water on roof drainage system of claim 1 and obtains.
12. rain water on roof drainage system according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, on described discharge pipe (5), be provided with exhaust plant (6), described exhaust plant (6) is the pipe of hollow, the one end is communicated with described discharge pipe (5), and the other end leads in the manhole and near the position of manhole well head.
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| CN102776989A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-11-14 | 韩昆 | Dredging-type roof drainage device |
| CN102877604A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成张佳宁 | Construction method for siphon rainwater drainage system |
| CN105019538A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-04 | 厦门市宜景环境工程有限公司 | Intermittent pressure flow drainage system |
| CN105404760A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 杜曲 | Rainwater design discharge calculation method in constant and non-uniform flow condition |
| CN106760251A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of roof drainage system engineering method of testing |
| CN107476507A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 西南交通大学 | The suspention length of tube check method of siphonic drainage system |
| CN108052773A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 河海大学 | Single flow shaft structure rolls up inspiratory capacity and the computational methods of intraductal atmospheric pressure |
| CN110147574A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-20 | 吉林大学珠海学院 | Auxiliary design method, system and the storage medium of roofing siphon storm-water system |
| CN114592563A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | Unpowered rainwater drainage system and method for roof in low-lying area |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102776989B (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-08-13 | 韩昆 | Dredging-type roof drainage device |
| CN102776989A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-11-14 | 韩昆 | Dredging-type roof drainage device |
| CN102877604A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-16 | 成张佳宁 | Construction method for siphon rainwater drainage system |
| CN105019538A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-04 | 厦门市宜景环境工程有限公司 | Intermittent pressure flow drainage system |
| CN106760251A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of roof drainage system engineering method of testing |
| CN105404760B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-12-11 | 杜曲 | The calculation method of design flow of storm drain under the conditions of steady nonuniform flow |
| CN105404760A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 杜曲 | Rainwater design discharge calculation method in constant and non-uniform flow condition |
| CN107476507A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 西南交通大学 | The suspention length of tube check method of siphonic drainage system |
| CN108052773A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 河海大学 | Single flow shaft structure rolls up inspiratory capacity and the computational methods of intraductal atmospheric pressure |
| CN108052773B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-02-12 | 河海大学 | Single flow shaft structure rolls up the calculation method of inspiratory capacity and intraductal atmospheric pressure |
| CN110147574A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-20 | 吉林大学珠海学院 | Auxiliary design method, system and the storage medium of roofing siphon storm-water system |
| CN110147574B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2022-12-13 | 吉林大学珠海学院 | Auxiliary design method and system for roof siphon rainwater system and storage medium |
| CN114592563A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | Unpowered rainwater drainage system and method for roof in low-lying area |
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