CN102232439A - Dynamic monitoring type black tea fermentation device and black tea fermentation method thereof - Google Patents
Dynamic monitoring type black tea fermentation device and black tea fermentation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102232439A CN102232439A CN 201110140118 CN201110140118A CN102232439A CN 102232439 A CN102232439 A CN 102232439A CN 201110140118 CN201110140118 CN 201110140118 CN 201110140118 A CN201110140118 A CN 201110140118A CN 102232439 A CN102232439 A CN 102232439A
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- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019225 fermented tea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic monitoring type black tea fermentation device and a black tea fermentation method thereof, relating to tea leaves fermentation equipment and the black tea fermentation method. The fermentation device is characterized by an outer box and a rotatable piling inner barrel are arranged; the piling inner barrel is provided with a feed port cover; the outer box is provided with a temperature monitor, an alcohol content monitor, a vent plug, a chromaticity monitor, a temperature controller and a control box. The method comprises the following steps of: putting deactivated and kneaded tea leaves into the piling inner barrel; starting the temperature controller; heating the box to 23 to 28 DEG C; starting a motor to drive the piling inner barrel to rotate slowly; fermenting the tea leaves in the barrel naturally for 10-13 hours, wherein when the tea leaves are fermented to the temperature of 40 to 50 DEG C, the leaf color change photosensitive resistance reaches 17 to 19 kilohm, and the alcohol concentration reaches 110 to 140 ppm: and then pouring out the fermented tea leaves and drying. According to the invention, the advantages of uniformity and moderateness in fermentation, short fermentation time, good fermentation quality, simple fermentation barrel structure and convenience in monitoring are achieved, and a great progress is made in black tea fermentation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tealeaves installation for fermenting and tealeaves fermentation process.
Background technology
Tea is deceived in Anhua, is more and more admitted by consumers in general with its unique quality and health-care efficacy, and its process is divided into black preparatory treating unfired tea and black tea finished product two stages of processing.Black preparatory treating unfired tea is finished by tea grower casual household, and wherein " wet heap " is a procedure of black preparatory treating unfired tea, is decision black wool tea quality and the important step that influences production efficiency, concerning tea grower's economic benefit.The wet heap of tealeaves is commonly called as fermentation, coming down to the microbial activities is a kind of biochemical action at center, be the comprehensive function of biochemical power (ectoenzyme), materialization power (microorganism heat) and microorganism self metabolism, promptly under damp and hot, microorganism and ectoenzyme three's interaction, mould the process of black tea special trait local flavor.Engender in the wet heap process of black wool tea that change color, smell are emerged and external feature such as temperature rising, when tealeaves changes to approximate yellowish-brown by cyan, and when can smell the smart flavor of blue or green cordiale, and think and reached wet heap requirement.The wet heap of black wool tea is not enough and excessive all to be that unfavorable black tea special trait forms, and this also is the key factor that influences black wool tea grade.At present, the tea grower be by soon, nose is heard and hand is visited and grasped turning and go out heap opportunity, what promptly adopt is a kind of sense organ standard determining method.Though this conventional method is feasible, also there are problems such as subjective judgement is slipped up, the lack of standardization and wet heap time of appropriate standard is long partially.Though wet stack device is arranged in the prior art, fermentation can not realize dynamic monitoring control, and its ferment effect also is difficult to meet the black tea production standard requirement in Anhua.In order to control black tea quality and to enhance productivity, be necessary black wet heaping method of tea and mechanical device are carried out technological innovation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose and a kind ofly can realize that dynamic monitoring is examination, that ferment effect is good, can meet black tea installation for fermenting and black tea fermentation process thereof that the black tea production standard in Anhua requires.
Technical solution of the present invention is: black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula and black tea fermentation process thereof, be provided with outer container, its special character is: be provided with bucket in the wet heap in outer container, the outer end of bucket is connected with driven pulley in the wet heap, driven pulley drives driven pulley by motor by driving wheel and drives rotation and rotation thereupon, in wet heap, be provided with the charging flap on the bucket, side at outer container is provided with temperature monitoring and wine degree monitor, be provided with porous plug and colourity monitor at the top of outer container, bottom in outer container is provided with temperature regulator, is provided with control box in the outer container left side.
Technical solution of the present invention is: black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula and black tea fermentation process thereof, its special character is: the tealeaves that will complete earlier after kneading is put into wet heap bucket, cover inner barrelhead, outer bucket closes, turn on the power switch, the start-up temperature modulator, the temperature inside the box is heated to 23-28 C, starter motor, allow bucket slowly rotates in the wet heap, tealeaves is spontaneous fermentation in bucket, reaches 40 C-50 C when tealeaves ferments to temperature, the leaf look changes photo resistance and reaches 17-19 k Ω, alcohols material concentration reaches 110-140 ppm, fermented 10-13 hour, and fermented tea was poured out entered drying process then.
The present invention has the following advantages owing to adopted above technical scheme: 1. monitoring index system and the index thereof of having explored the wet heap appropriateness of the black tea in Anhua.On the basis of the black wet heap principle of tea and tea grower's experience, think by wet heap experimental study and can adopt working in coordination with of colourity, wine degree and temperature to make up the monitoring index system of the wet heap appropriateness of Anhua black wool tea, and the monitor control index of " three degree " has been proposed, for the tea grower who helps wet heap operation judges that from sense organ evolving to the physical index monitoring provides advanced technical support; 2. optimize wet heap environment.Adopt bucket formula structure in the adjustable outer container of fermentation temperature, build regulatable, balanced wet heap subenvironment, favourable microbial growth; 3. change wet heap mode.The wet heap mode that adopts wet heap drum to slowly run makes tealeaves dynamically contact with oxygen, the aggravation biochemical action.And this mode do not need to arrange traditional turning work step, can shorten the activity duration; 4. change monitoring means.Adopt physical index to monitor and replace traditional sense organ judging means, can science, objective, provide wet heap appropriate information easily; 5. fermentation is evenly appropriate, can prevent everfermentation, and than making the system wet heap time shorten 8-12 hours, quality of tea leaves (color) all promotes bigger, makes ferment effect meet the black tea production standard requirement in Anhua; 6. apparatus structure is simple, and is easy to operate, with low cost, is easy to apply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of the black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula;
Fig. 2 is the plan structure schematic diagram of the black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula;
The control panel structural representation of the black tea installation for fermenting of Fig. 3 dynamic monitoring formula;
The black tea installation for fermenting control of Fig. 4 dynamic monitoring formula electrical schematic diagram;
The eigenvalue graph figure of the black tea fermentation of the black tea installation for fermenting of Fig. 5 dynamic monitoring formula of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Embodiment as shown in drawings, the dynamic monitoring formula is deceived the tea installation for fermenting, be provided with outer container [5], outer container [5] can be split type structure up and down, be provided with bucket [14], [16] in the wet heap in the outer container [5], an end of bucket links to each other with driven pulley [9], [13] respectively in the two wet heaps, drives driven pulley [9], [13] rotation by motor [11] by driving wheel [10], and bucket can color drum structure in the wet heap.Be provided with charging flap [15] on the bucket in wet heap, lid [15] adopts transparent organic glass, can supply colorimetric detection.Side at outer container is provided with temperature monitoring [8] and wine degree monitor [12], and the inside of bucket in sensor can stretch into is with the temperature and the wine degree of test bucket center.Be provided with porous plug [3] and colourity monitor [4] at the top of outer container, the bottom in outer container is provided with temperature regulator [6], is provided with control box [1] in the outer container left side.Be provided with control panel [18] in the control box [1], be provided with successively on the control panel [18] with heap that control circuit links to each other in temperature controller [17], alarm lamp [19], burner on light [20], look become indicator lamp [21], detect conversion [22], power switch [23], indication electric meter [24].Power supply is selected the Switching Power Supply of input 220V, output 12V, 1A for use; Temperature regulator [6] adopts the bimetal leaf adjuster, and the limit temperature is adjustable; Temperature controller [17] adopts XMT series digit display instrument in the heap; Wine degree monitor [12] is selected the TP-3C alcohol sensor for use; The self-control of tone sensor, adopt respectively one of three green LEDs, adjustable resistance, photo resistance, remove to shine tealeaves, use the reflection ray that removes to receive tealeaves with the photosensitive tube of green filter with the green LED assembly, during tealeaves from " dark green " to " yellowish-brown ", the light that reflexes on the photosensitive tube changes, thereby the resistance value difference of photosensitive tube promptly is converted into the variation of resistance value by the variation of tone; Temperature regulator [6] adopts two 220V/300W halide torch heaters; Display instrument is reequiped with the mA table.
Control circuit is made up of power circuit, fume flavor testing circuit, tealeaves resistance detecting circuit, change color testing circuit, temperature control circuit.Power circuit provides 12V direct current output by source converter, and by to making circuit 12V input by oneself, three terminal regulator 7809 provides 9 volts of DC voltage-stabilizings for this control circuit, and three terminal regulator 7805 provides 5 volts of DC voltage-stabilizings for alcohol sensor, makes heating power supply.Fume flavor testing circuit is made of elements such as semiconductor alcohol sensor MQ-3, triode BG1, BG2, resistance R 1, R2, capacitor C 1.When having alcohol steam in the sensor MQ-3 environment of living in, the electrical conductivity of sensor increases with the increase of alcohol gas concentration in the air.The 12V power supply is added to MQ-3 through R7, and R7, MQ-3, R8 form divider.When pile-fermentation begins, alcohol-free smell in the tealeaves, the MQ-3 resistance is big, and the last voltage of R8 is little, not conducting of BG1.During near the pile-fermentation appropriateness, produce in the tealeaves " sweet wine fragrance flavor ", alcohol concentration raises, and the MQ-3 resistance diminishes, and the last voltage of R8 increases, BG1 conducting amount strengthens, collector potential reduces, and BG2 follows conducting, powers to relay by D1, connect alarm lamp, start the scavenger fan cooling, prevent everfermentation; Meanwhile, luminous second tube sheet D4 is lighted, and the information of demonstration is that " fume flavor concentration " is up to standard, and R9 connects with D4, is current-limiting resistance; The tealeaves resistance detecting circuit is made of elements such as tea heap internal probe resistance R 12, triode BG3, BG4, resistance R 3, R4, capacitor C 2.R11, D5, D6 series connection provide 1.4V voltage stabilizing, and the divider of forming through tealeaves resistance R 12, adjustable resistance W1 provides bias voltage for BG3.During near the pile-fermentation appropriateness, present faintly acid in the tealeaves, basic electric conductivity can strengthen, and the R12 resistance reduces, voltage on the W1 increases, and BG3 conducting, collector potential reduce, and BG4 follows conducting, power to relay by D2, connect alarm lamp, start the scavenger fan cooling, prevent everfermentation; Find that through actual measurement resistance value has wild effect between the tealeaves internal probe, this circuit can be used as the stand-by circuit of exploitation " the wet heap of black tea pH value testing circuit ".The change color testing circuit is made of elements such as adjustable resistance W2, green LED D7, D8, D9, photo resistance R13, triode BG5, BG6, resistance R 5, R6, capacitor C 3, R11, D5, D6 series connection, the 1.4V voltage stabilizing that provides, through the bleeder circuit of adjustable resistance W3, photo resistance R13 formation, for BG5 provides bias voltage.W2, D7, D8, D9 constitute the illuminated with green circuit, shine on the photo resistance R13 after the tealeaves reflection.When just having begun wet heap, tealeaves is bottle green, and reflective strong by green glow irradiation back, the photo resistance resistance is little, and pressure drop is little, and the BG5 base bias is low, not conducting, also not conducting of BG6; When wet heap was appropriate, tealeaves became yellowish-brown, and a little less than reflective after the green glow irradiation, the photo resistance resistance is big, pressure drop is big, BG5 base bias height, and BG5 conducting, collector potential reduce, and BG4 follows conducting, power to relay by D3, connect alarm lamp, start the scavenger fan cooling, prevent everfermentation; Measuring circuit is made up of measurement change-over switch K, mA ammeter, current-limiting resistance R10.K determines that the measurement index of milliammeter is a resistance value in alcohol gas concentration or the tealeaves.When " tealeaves resistance detecting circuit " transformed " the black wet heap of tea pH value testing circuit " into, corresponding in the ammeter " resistance in the tea " changed " tealeaves pH value " into.Temperature control circuit adopts the glad spirit tablet XMTG-3002 of market product PT100 type temperature controller, control model: mechanical temperature controller, temperature range: 299(℃), operating voltage; 220(V).
Deceive the tea fermentation process with the black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula, the tealeaves that the steps include: will complete earlier after kneading is put into wet heap bucket, cover inner barrelhead, turn on the power switch, the start-up temperature modulator, stop after the temperature inside the box is heated to 23-28 C, starter motor, allow the interior bucket of wet heap slowly rotate, tealeaves is spontaneous fermentation in bucket, reach 40 C-50 C, leaf look to temperature and change that photo resistance reaches 17-19 k Ω, alcohols material concentration reaches 110-140 ppm, ferments 10-13 hour when tealeaves ferments, fermented tea is poured out entered drying process then.The optimum temperature of tealeaves fermentation is 45 C, and it is 18 k Ω that the leaf look changes photo resistance the best, and the alcohols material optium concentration is 130ppm.
Experimental data of the present invention is as follows:
Fermentation time and variations in temperature tables of data:
| Time (time) | The temperature inside the box | Temperature in the bucket | Time (time) | The temperature inside the box | Temperature in the bucket |
| Before wet | 20 | 20 | 9 | 29 | 40 |
| 1 | 25 | 24 | 10 | 29 | 42 |
| 2 | 25 | 25 | 11 | 30 | 43 |
| 3 | 26 | 28 | 12 | 30 | 44 |
| 4 | 26 | 30 | 13 | 31 | 45 |
| 5 | 27 | 32 | 14 | 32 | 46 |
| 6 | 27 | 33 | 15 | 32 | 46 |
| 7 | 28 | 36 | 16 | 33 | 47 |
| 8 | 28 | 38 | 17 | 34 | 47 |
Fermentation time and alcohols material change in concentration table
Fermentation time and leaf look change, the photo resistance change list
Claims (4)
1. black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula and black tea fermentation process thereof, be provided with outer container [5], it is characterized in that: in outer container [5], be provided with bucket [14] in the wet heap, [16], bucket [14] in the wet heap, [16] outer end respectively with driven pulley [9], [13] link to each other, driven pulley drives driven pulley [9] by motor [11] by driving wheel [10], [13] rotate and rotate thereupon, in wet heap, be provided with charging flap [15] on the bucket, side at outer container [5] is provided with temperature monitoring [8] and wine degree monitor [12], be provided with porous plug [3] and colourity monitor [4] at the top of outer container [5], bottom in outer container [5] is provided with temperature regulator [6], is provided with the control box [1] of band control circuit in outer container [5] left side.
2. the black wet stack device of tea of the described dynamic monitoring formula of root a tree name claim 1 is characterized in that: outer container [5] can be split type structure up and down.
3. black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula according to claim 1 and black tea fermentation process thereof, it is characterized in that: the tealeaves that will complete earlier after kneading is put into wet heap bucket, cover inner barrelhead, outer bucket closes, turn on the power switch, the start-up temperature modulator, the temperature inside the box is heated to 23-28 C, starter motor, allow bucket slowly rotates in the wet heap, tealeaves is spontaneous fermentation in bucket, reaches 40 C-50 C when tealeaves ferments to temperature, the leaf look changes photo resistance and reaches 17-19 k Ω, alcohols material concentration reaches 110-130 ppm, fermented 10-13 hour, and fermented tea was poured out entered drying process then.
4. black tea installation for fermenting of dynamic monitoring formula according to claim 3 and black tea fermentation process thereof is characterized in that: tealeaves fermentation temperature 45 C, it is that 18 k Ω, alcohols material concentration are 130 ppm that the leaf look changes photo resistance.
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| CN 201110140118 CN102232439B (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | Dynamic monitoring type black tea fermentation device and black tea fermentation method thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102411320A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-04-11 | 福建省武夷山市永生茶业有限公司 | Automatic control system for tea green-making machine |
| CN102626149A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-08 | 浙江珠峰机械有限公司 | Multi-barrel rotary black tea fermentation device |
| CN103777524A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for controlling black tea moderate fermentation based on visible spectrum technology |
| CN104705429A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-06-17 | 梧州市天誉茶业有限公司 | Automatic tea overturning machine |
| CN105166153A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 华中农业大学 | Method and device for dark tea pile fermentation |
| CN105192143A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-30 | 霍山抱儿钟秀茶业有限公司 | Electric heating roller fixation device |
| CN105994725A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 中国土产畜产进出口总公司 | Tea bottle for fermentation of loose dark tea |
| CN106615314A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 梧州市雅正农业科技有限公司 | Liupu tea fermenting method |
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| CN101352191A (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-28 | 谌小丰 | Technique for producing Jinhuaqianliang tea (flower coil tea) |
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| CN202085662U (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-12-28 | 龚烨 | Dynamic monitoring type dark tea fermenting device |
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| CN101352191A (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-28 | 谌小丰 | Technique for producing Jinhuaqianliang tea (flower coil tea) |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102411320A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-04-11 | 福建省武夷山市永生茶业有限公司 | Automatic control system for tea green-making machine |
| CN102411320B (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-04-24 | 福建省武夷山市永生茶业有限公司 | Automatic control system for tea green-making machine |
| CN102626149A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-08 | 浙江珠峰机械有限公司 | Multi-barrel rotary black tea fermentation device |
| CN103777524A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for controlling black tea moderate fermentation based on visible spectrum technology |
| CN104705429A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-06-17 | 梧州市天誉茶业有限公司 | Automatic tea overturning machine |
| CN105192143A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-30 | 霍山抱儿钟秀茶业有限公司 | Electric heating roller fixation device |
| CN105166153A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 华中农业大学 | Method and device for dark tea pile fermentation |
| CN105994725A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 中国土产畜产进出口总公司 | Tea bottle for fermentation of loose dark tea |
| CN106615314A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 梧州市雅正农业科技有限公司 | Liupu tea fermenting method |
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