CN102230816B

CN102230816B - Detect sensor and the method for oil deterioration and oil level

Info

Publication number: CN102230816B
Application number: CN201110074258.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙一忠
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-03-24
Filing date: 2011-03-18
Publication date: 2016-01-20
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-18
Also published as: CN102230816A

Abstract

The capacitive sensor with most simple structure of the present invention has three identical plate electrodes, and they are equidistantly according to priority mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel.First and the 3rd electrode be outer electrode, connected abreast by the wire that is used as the first extraction pole and define the Integrated electrode of first group, second electrode is that internal electrode is connected by the wire that is used as the second extraction pole.One alternating current analytical equipment is connected to this capacitive sensor and is applied with a pumping signal to it.Method of the present invention includes application for detect and the capacitive sensor of reference obtains the temperature compensated electrical properties at the oil used that is detected, thus can obtain the oil used measurement with the residue use amount of the oil estimated.The oil level of oil detected like this, the normal of oil or improper rotten can be to be greater than or residue use amount that is similar or that be less than expectation judges according to the residue use amount of the corresponding oil measured.

Description

Detect sensor and the method for oil deterioration and oil level

The present invention relates to the field of the oil for machinery, such as, be used in the lubricating oil in internal combustion engine and the insulating oil in transmitting transformer.The present invention relates to the oil level for detecting at the oil used especially, the sensor of the metamorphic grade of oil when moisture and time not moisture and method.

Background technology

Now for detecting the detecting device of oil level and oil deterioration and method is well-known.20 patents are the immediate references relevant with the present invention with patented claim below.

1, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, authorizes on May 14th, 1985 people such as adding reason (Gary) for 517, No. 547 and is entitled as " detecting the sensor circuit of water in fuel oil and method " (being after this " adding the patent of reason ");

2, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, authorizes the people such as refined Soviet Union rancid (Yasuhara) on February 24th, 1987 for 646, No. 070 and is entitled as " oil deterioration detector approach and device " (being after this " patent that refined Soviet Union is rancid ");

3, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, authorizes Kaufman (Kauffman) on August 16th, 1988 for 764, No. 258 and is entitled as " method for the remaining serviceable bife of assessment hydrocarbon ils " (being after this " patent of Kaufman ");

4, United States Patent (USP) the 5th, authorizes the people such as Parker (Park) on July 30th, 1996 for 540, No. 086 and is entitled as " oil deterioration sensor " (being after this " first patent of Parker ");

5, United States Patent (USP) the 5th, authorizes the people such as Parker on July 27th, 1999 for 929, No. 754 and is entitled as " capacitive sensor of highly sensitive detection oil deterioration and oil level " (being after this " the second patent of Parker ");

6, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes the people such as Parker in October 2 calendar year 2001 for 297, No. 733 and is entitled as " stable, to detect oil deterioration and oil level reliably capacitive sensor " (being after this " the 3rd patent of Parker ");

7, United States Patent (USP) the 5th, authorizes paddy door (Gomn) in January 3 nineteen ninety-five for 377, No. 531 and is entitled as " portable analyser of changing oil " (being after this " patent of paddy door ");

8, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, authorizes the people such as Mei Chile (Meitzler) on March 29th, 1988 for 733, No. 556 and is entitled as " method and apparatus detecting the lubrication oil in internal combustion engine " (being after this " patent of Mei Chile ");

9, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes Ma Zha Rec (Marszalek) in August 21 calendar year 2001 for 278, No. 282 and is entitled as " method and system determining oil quality " (being after this " patent of Ma Zha Rec ");

10, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes the people such as king (Wang) on July 8th, 2003 for 590, No. 402 and is entitled as " sensor detecting engine oil situation " (being after this " first patent of king ");

11, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes king on March 18th, 2003 for 535, No. 001 and is entitled as " method and apparatus detecting oily condition " (being after this " second patent of king ");

12, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizing Lu Fuyue on June 10th, 2003 etc. for 577, No. 112 goes people such as (Lvovich) to be entitled as " monitoring the quality of high resistance fluid or the method and apparatus of situation " (being after this " patent of more going is lied prostrate in Shandong ");

13, United States Patent (USP) the 7th, authorizes Qiao Pula (Chopra) for " electronic type oil level detection and replacement system " (being after this " patent of Qiao Pula ") on Dec 5th, 2006 for 143, No. 867;

14, No. 2006/0232267th, U.S. Patent application by people such as Xi Leilei (Halalay) apply for being entitled as " quality determining lubricating oil in use " (being after this " patented claim of Xi Leilei ") disclosed in 19 days October in 2006;

15, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes this storehouse teacher (Schoess) on April 13rd, 2004 for 718, No. 819 and is entitled as " system of oil quality sensor, method and apparatus " (being after this " patent of this storehouse teacher ");

16, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes the people such as Bauer (Bauer) in August 21 calendar year 2001 for 278, No. 281 and is entitled as " fluid situation display monitor central monitoring system " (being after this " patent of Bauer ");

17, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes He Lun (Herron) on January 18th, 2000 for 014, No. 894 and is entitled as " motor sensor system " (being after this " patent of He Lun ");

18, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, authorizes the people such as A Ruiya (Arai) on July 12nd, 2005 for 917, No. 865 and is entitled as " determining the system and method that engine oil is rotten and engine control unit " (being after this " patent of A Ruiya ");

19, No. 2006/0114007th, U.S. Patent application by week (Cho) apply for disclosed in 1 day June in 2006, be entitled as " for the device of scan motor oil condition, method and survey sensor " (being after this " patented claim of Cho "); With

20, No. 03140986.5th, Chinese patent is authorized grandson (Sun) on October 3rd, 2007 and is entitled as the method for oil deterioration " detect " (being after this " Chinese patent of grandson "); With

21, United States Patent (USP) the 7th, authorizes grandson (Sun) on July 12nd, 2005 for 729, No. 870 and is entitled as " method detecting oil deterioration and oil level " (being after this " United States Patent (USP) of grandson ").

What add reason patent shows a kind of method and its sensor electronics applied of measuring combustion Water in oil.This invention uses one to be connected in parallel with reference to capacitor and a variable condenser, and is alternately these two capacitor charging and dischargings with an interchange oscillator.This discharge and recharge is at two current potentials: carry out between the first current potential and the second current potential.Electric current is inversely proportional to the electric capacity of variable condenser by referring to the absolute degree of convergence value of capacitor, like this by detecting the size of electric current degree of convergence value, reflects the change of variable capacitance.If this variable condenser is mounted in the fuel tank of vehicle, the moisture in fuel oil can increase the capacitance of this capacitor.The numerical value flowed through accordingly with reference to condenser current can reduce.Like this by detecting with reference to the current values of capacitor, the moisture judged in fuel oil just can be used for.

The rancid patent of refined Soviet Union provides a kind of detecting device and the method for measuring oil deterioration.The method is the degree judging the deterioration of lubricant be used in internal combustion engine by detecting oily specific inductive capacity.This detecting device by feat of one be immersed in the sensing capacitor with parallel pole in oil and one have the capacitor of constant capacitance to be in series and form a voltage branch circuit.This voltage branch circuit adds the ac current signal of a fixed frequency, thus the magnitude of voltage on sensing capacitor is just proportional to the specific inductive capacity of oil, like this by analyzing the change of this specific inductive capacity to judge the degree of oil deterioration.The a-c cycle that this invention uses is between 50 kilo hertzs to 500 kilo hertzs.

A kind of method detecting the remaining serviceable bife of lubricating oil of the patent disclosure of Kaufman.The method is applicable to the organic lubricating oil at least containing more than one adjuvants.When preparing test sample, first mix mutually with oil sample with a kind of solvent.In some cases, dielectric can be used as solvent.Then sample is placed in an electrode cell, measures by voltammetry.When increasing voltage added on sample gradually to a certain numerical value in measuring process, cause the electro-oxidation reaction of sample, corresponding have oxidation current to produce, and this current values is directly proportional to the content of adjuvant.Detect and record the peak value of this oxidation current, can be used for reflecting the spendable life-span of remaining oil.

First of Parker patent shows a kind of detecting device of oil deterioration, and this detecting device includes the oil deterioration capacitor be made up of two parallel-plates and the Headquarters of the General Staff with reference to capacitor containing a fixed value shine capacitor.Like this owing to there being the measured oil disposed between flat board, oil deterioration capacitor and Headquarters of the General Staff have corresponding electric capacity according to capacitor.The size of this electric capacity is exactly a certain amount of instruction to oil deterioration.In addition, this oil deterioration detecting device also has the quick resistance of the thermoelectricity be fixed in detector substrate, and it can be used to compensate the impact of oil deterioration instruction numerical value by temperature fluctuation.This detecting device is again containing an electronic circuit, and this circuit utilizes corresponding oil deterioration capacitor and Headquarters of the General Staff to produce the quantitative description to oil deterioration according to the electric capacity of capacitor.

Second of Parker patent discloses the capacitive detection oil deterioration of a combination and the sensor of oil level, and this sensor includes the columniform shell mechanism of a conduction.One is had to close element as the screen of the conduction of ground-electrode in the structure shown here, and the center part having again to be used as the conduction of potential electrode.This sensor includes electronic component again simultaneously.It, for generation of to the indicator signal being placed in two interelectrode oil deterioration, also produces the signal to the oil level changed along cylinder shape sensor length direction.The supervision of this sensor to oil level is from detecting the electric capacity C determined by oily specific inductive capacity, and the electric capacity C determined by oil level _lratio to reach.

The coexist structure of the sensor in Parker second patent of the primary structure of the 3rd of the Parker sensor disclosed in patent is similar.In addition, in the electronic circuit that the sensor in Parker the 3rd patent is applied, at least one is had to be used to eliminate at two interelectrode electric currents.Because this electric current may cause impurity buildups on two electrodes of composition capacitor.And the impurity piled up may produce interference to the output signal of sensor.This patent the electric capacity tolerance of the oil deterioration and fuel level sensor that disclose this combination is proportional to ε * L.Wherein ε is the specific inductive capacity of oil, and L is the effective length of central electrode.The length that such oil level has influence on central electrode also just has influence on the electric capacity of sensor.

Paddy door patent discloses portable, under lab the to use analyser of changing oil of test oil, that includes oil viscosity analyser and a pollution analyzer.Oil pollution analysis instrument is according to optical principle: the sample namely increasing oil pollution degree reduces through the intensity of its light and works.Its viscosity and the result of Contamination measurement are depended in this analyser judgement to oil quality of changing oil.

The system that patent discloses a detection oil deterioration of Mei Chile.Its reference capacitor be immersed in fresh oil by the sensing capacitor and that is immersed in oil to be measured formed, and the structure of this two capacitor is identical.When applying, two capacitors add identical a-c cycle.Measure relatively with reference to capacitor, at the difference on the frequency containing the response in the sensing capacitor of measured oil.Then be that the change being proportional to the viscosity relevant with oil deterioration judges the rotten of oil according to the change of frequency of response.

The method that patent discloses a detection quality of lubrication oil of Ma Zha Rec.The method includes the sensor that has two electrodes.When applying, on the electrode being immersed in the sensor in a use oil, first there is the voltage of the first amplitude, tested the phase differential produced by this amplitude voltage.Then voltage amplitude is increased to the second amplitude, then measures corresponding phase differential.Such the method just can decide the quality of oil according to phase place extent.

First of king patent discloses the method whether a detection machine oil is mixed with anti-cold doubtful agent.The method applies after being immersed in and using the sensor in oil adds a series of different voltage, measures the corresponding serial voltage exported by this current sensor.After again compared with a reference voltage, determine the difference of each output voltage.After the voltage difference that final basis is compared, can determine whether there is cold anti-coagulants in oil.

Second of king patent discloses the device of a detection oil condition.That includes be made up of alternate electrode and between electrode gap, be filled with a lubricating oil sensor of the lubricating oil of a machine.This electrode same computing machine are connected.The trend of first, second, and third signal that such basis is exported by sensor, this device can be used to determine whether lubricating oil has the rotten of the oil in corresponding first, second, and third stage.

The apparatus and method that patent discloses a monitoring high resistance fluid of more going are lied prostrate in Shandong.The method comprises the AC signal being applied to rare two magnitudes of voltage, wherein at least one alternating voltage is added with the current potential of a non-vanishing DC voltage, the electrical response measuring fluid comprises the component of electrical impedance and real part and imaginary part, thus determines the quality of this fluid.

The invention that patent discloses oil level and oily replacement system of Qiao Pula.The height that this invention applies the buoyancy aid floated on oil can reflect the principle of level height.The change of such buoyancy aid vertical height can cause a piston to open and close the motion of the passage be connected with an oil accumulator.Thus just automatically can carry out the replacement of oil.According to same principle, apply the change of another buoyancy aid with oil level, just can open the electronic switch of a corresponding low oil level or high oil level.Such the method can reach the object electronically measuring oil level.

The patents state of Xi Leilei is measured one and is used the resistivity of oil to change in time and the method that changes, and the change describing this resistivity is consistent with the change of oil viscosity.Such the method just can be used to measure the rotten and oil accordingly remaining of oil consumption.

The device including a sensor that patent discloses a decision internal combustion engine lubrication oil condition of this storehouse teacher.This sensor is by the numerous electrode group be made up of two alternate electrodes on a non-conductive macromolecule membrane.And can export with one the input electrode that the electrical impedance circuit with Wave type voltage connects this sensor, and with the input voltage added on this electrode as a public voltage.The corresponding magnitude of voltage be converted into via the output current existed in the output electrode of sensor can be obtained like this.According to the size of this magnitude of voltage, this device can determine the situation of oil.And when magnitude of voltage falls into a predetermined range, demonstrate an expression problematic signal and early warning is made to user.

The sensing system that patent discloses for detecting whether water existence in the grease-box of internal combustion engine one sealing of He Lun.Its forming alternately with nonconducting sheet annulus by numerous conductions.This system is also installed on the transmission shaft in the fuel tank of internal combustion engine sealing.The annulus of each conduction is connected at the electronic warning circuit of far-end with one.In addition, annulus also has numerous around this rotation axis circle distribution and the conductive member portion of sensor along the arrangement of annulus warp-wise.Like this, if moisture enters among the internal combustion engine that operating, oil water mixture will be filled in the middle of one or more gap between two adjacent sensor conductive elements, so just be communicated with the loop of electronic warning circuit, and send the alarm signal of a water in the oil of engine can to the operator of engine.

The system that patent discloses a judgement engine lubricating oil deterioration of A Ruiya, includes the crankshaft angular velocity sensor of a detection internal-combustion engine rotational speed.It applies an electronic unit to calculate the machine run number of turns of the accumulation indicating machine oil to go bad.This system includes again the fuel level sensor of a detection oil level.It is made up of the electronic switch that is placed in high position and lower position.Substantially this high-side switch is used for monitoring the oil level of the higher limit reaching expectation, and this low-side switch is used for monitoring the oil level of the lower limit reaching expectation.According to above principle, the fuel level sensor of this invention can be used for showing actual oil level.

The patented claim in week relates to for the device of detection one vehicle motor machine oil, method and detecting sensor.One is included mainly for detection of the viscosity sensor of oil deterioration and the fuel level sensor of supervision oil level in this patent application.That this fuel level sensor has a tubulose and be applied with the input electrode of electric current, and another tubulose has the oil level electrode of concentric shafts with input electrode.Oil level electrode and with the inside surface of input electrode separately, so it can receive the electric current come from input electrode transmission.Such oil level can calculate according to the electric capacity being in oil between oil level electrode and input electrode obtained by measurement and specific inductive capacity.

The Chinese patent of grandson discloses the method detecting oil deterioration.That includes application and have a detection and the first embodiment with reference to capacitor.The fluctuation of the sensing capacitor electrical properties caused due to the fluctuation of temperature like this can be compensated by the fluctuation of the same electrical properties with reference to capacitor.Thus obtain the temperature compensated electrical properties of sensing capacitor, which represent the metamorphic grade of a measured oil.After the same method, what the program can obtain detected oil comprises it not using electrical properties that is out-of-date and that make when using up.Then according to the electrical properties of temperature compensated measured oil measured, the residue utilization rate of oil can be calculated, thus can obtain its remaining can use amount.In addition, this patent also discloses the multiple method being used for describing water in oil.

The method that the United States Patent (USP) of grandson detects oil deterioration and oil level is the situation for detecting oil, comprises oil level when oil mass is minimum value, and oil is in the normal rotten of anhydrous timesharing and the residue use amount that has thereof, and improper rotten when there being moisture of oil.First embodiment of this invention applies a reference and sensing capacitor to obtain the electrical properties of the temperature compensated measured oil of measurement, thus derive the measurement of measured oil with the residue use amount of the oil estimated.Oil level above-mentioned like this, oil normal or improper rotten can be to be greater than or residue use amount that is similar or that be less than expectation judges according to the residue use amount of the corresponding oil measured.Second embodiment of this invention, only uses sensing capacitor to obtain the electrical properties of the oil of measurement.Apply at least two sensing capacitor to detect the whole process change of the non-homogeneous rotten of oil in oil system and oil level to the optimization of above two schemes.

Be appreciated that, although the China and U.S.A of grandson patent discloses a kind of method of uniqueness: apply the detecting sensor comprising a capacitor and get off in the effect of alternating voltage to detect the situation of the oil in use comprising the rotten of oil and oil level, but still have living space to improve the traditional capacitor that this kind has two electrodes, particularly having about on its electrical characteristic and output amplitude as the electric signal of detection technique key.This is because the output amplitude of this capacitor is limited to be included in two interelectrode spaces.As for the electrical characteristic of this capacitor, electricity polarity that is known, two electrodes changes with the alternately change of the ac-excited signal be applied in, and thus this capacitor has an electric field alternately changed.When the electric field of the alternately change of this capacitor is exposed in the ambient electromagnetic field surrounding it, if this capacitor does not have electric shield, just probably produce the cross jamming between the electric field and ambient electromagnetic field of capacitor.

From the above, exist actually a urgent requirement.This requirement wish to have a kind of there is electrical properties and the output amplitude improved sensor and method detect the situation of oil.The situation of this oil includes oil level when oil mass is reduced to minimum value, and oil have water and anhydrous time metamorphic grade, thus improve oil significantly use and protect the machinery using oil.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide an oil sensor and method for detecting the situation of oil, comprising rotten, the oil level of oil and the residue use amount of oil.The rotten of oil can be caused by following factor: the cracking of additive in the oxicracking of such as oil, oil, the infiltration of moisture, the polymerization again of pyrolysis product and the carbon granules produced in the burning course of work of internal combustion engine.Simultaneously in the metamorphic process of oil, oil mass is normally consumed, so the oil level of its correspondence can reduce.The situation of these oil is for safeguarding to such an extent as to protecting the machinery of the use oil like an elephant internal combustion engine and transmitting transformer and so on most important.

Sensor of the present invention includes detecting sensor, that includes the first capacitive sensor for detecting that has general embodiment.The present invention applies again an alternating current analytical equipment, export from this device, have single-frequency, include alternating current and get off to detect at the rotten of the oil used and oil level in the effect of electric excitation signal to the first capacitive sensor of interior periodic current.The space electrode of that the first capacitive sensor of this general embodiment applies odd number, identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel.In these electrodes, the electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by the first wire that is used as the first extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of first group, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of second group.Capacitive sensor for detecting of the present invention, has high output amplitude, the size reduced and the electrical characteristic of improvement.

Have in the embodiment of the prioritizing selection of most simple structure at capacitive sensor of the present invention, sensor has the electrode of first, second, and third identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel.First and the 3rd electrode be outer electrode, be used as the parallel connection of the first wire of the first extraction pole by one and define the Integrated electrode of first group.Second electrode is the internal electrode in centre position, is connected by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole.In its operation, an alternating current analytical equipment is connected to the first and second extraction poles of this capacitive sensor.

Capacitive sensor of the present invention has multinomial superiority.The first, when an alternating voltage has been applied to this capacitive sensor, two outside electrodes have identical electric polarity, and shield the target with opposite electrical polarities.This has a symmetrical electric field with regard to making sensor of the present invention relative to the electromagnetic field of external environment condition.This for sensor effect most important, because of the electric field of the sensor driven by alternating current be in ambient electromagnetic field impact among.

The second, compared with four plate electrode plates of the same capacitor of two parallel connections, if the electrode of first and second en plaques of the present invention is identical with the electrology characteristic of the two panels battery lead plate of a capacitor, sensor of the present invention only has three electrodes and has the output amplitude identical with two capacitors.But sensor of the present invention has lacked an electrode and the volume reduced that has owing to having, so the present invention has in the advantage keeping having under identical output amplitude the volume reduced.This architectural feature for small design sensor most important.

Present invention comprises the first embodiment of application dual sensor structure.It includes and detects and reference sensor and all corresponding for detecting the first and second identical capacitive sensors with reference.Detecting sensor be immersed in the oil that using and dispose in the position of oil mass for oil level during minimum value for the first capacitive sensor detected.Like this, the oil level when the oil mass that is rotten or this oil of the oil used is reduced to minimum value can be determined by the one measured among the numerous electrical properties of this capacitive sensor.

Under a kind of situation in the metamorphic process of oil, reduce significantly when not having in the oil mass of oil used, the first capacitive sensor of thus this detection is when remaining and be all immersed in this oil, the electrical properties of sensor is the impact of the rising of the specific inductive capacity of this oil caused with the development by oil deterioration, or because of due to water and the impact of the specific inductive capacity sharply increased in this oil.In another case, cause when oil mass reduces to minimum value the oil level reduced, because its deficiency has made this first capacitive sensor all be immersed in oil, now sensor is partly filled with air.According to this situation, the electrical properties of sensor mainly receives the impact of the specific inductive capacity of air, and the specific inductive capacity of air is the specific inductive capacity being less than this oil significantly.

Include the second capacitive sensor for reference according to the reference sensor of first embodiment of the inventive method, and this capacitive sensor is immersed in reference oil.Reference oil includes water-free fresh oil, or the water-free oil making to have used up, or the water-free oil partly employed, it has the identical thermal property of oil coexisting and use, reference oil and all disposing in the environment having identical temperature at the oil used.In the first embodiment of prioritizing selection, the electrical properties obtained from the first and second capacitive sensors is combined together, thus eliminates the fluctuation of the electrical properties of the measurement because of the first capacitive sensor caused in the fluctuation of temperature of the oil used.Therefore, relative to the first actual use amount at the oil used measuring from first time, the electrical properties having temperature compensation that the first time that first embodiment of the invention just can obtain the first capacitive sensor measures, the electrical properties having temperature compensation that the first time which represent the water-free oil using measures.

By this way, relative to the whole range of the actual use amount at the oil used, the curve having the electrical properties of temperature compensation of the expectation of this oil can be simulated, thus reflect the detected oil using normal rotten, namely without during aqueous condition in the overall process of the oil deterioration of use.In this curve, can determine relative to the first actual use amount at the oil used the electrical properties having temperature compensation that the first time at the oil used be detected is estimated.It can be used to compared with the electrical properties measured.

Use the electrical properties through measuring the tested temperature compensation at the oil used obtained, the present invention can obtain the residue utilization rate at the oil used and the residue use amount of measurement.Similarly using the electrical properties through estimating the tested temperature compensation at the oil used obtained, residue utilization rate and the residue use amount of the oil in use estimated can also be obtained.

In a first situation, after first time measures, according to the first actual use amount of oil that this is using, and then the inventive method implements second time and measures, thus obtain the electrical properties of the temperature compensated oil in use that second time is measured, and the residue use amount at the oil used that corresponding second time is measured.In this case, according to the temperature compensated electrical properties that the second time measurement that should obtain this first capacitor in the second actual use amount of the oil used obtains in second time is measured, which represent the temperature compensated electrical properties that this second time at the oil used is measured, and obtain residue utilization rate and the residue use amount of the second time measurement of this oil corresponding, from the curve of temperature compensated electrical properties estimated and the second actual use amount identical according to this decides the electrical properties that this second time at the oil used is estimated, and obtain residue utilization rate and the residue use amount of the second time expectation of this oil corresponding.Relatively the second time of measured oil measure the residue use amount estimated with first time or second time, when measure consistent with the residue use amount estimated time, the present invention can determine the oil used normal rotten, namely the oil used under anhydrous conditions rotten.Now, the residue use amount that second time is measured can be confirmed to be in the real surplus use amount of the oil of use.The application of the residue use amount of oil is conducive to the mechanical maintenance of user to machinery and comprises the timetable formulated and change at the oil used.

If second time measure when the residue use amount of oil used is significantly less than the residue use amount that first time or second time estimate, can determine the oil used improper rotten, namely to cause at the oil used due to the existence of water rotten.This conclusion is the fact of the specific inductive capacity being greater than oil based on the specific inductive capacity of water significantly, and the electrical properties of the temperature compensation had after the potpourri being thus filled with oil and water when the first capacitive sensor is different from the electrical properties that this sensor is filled with the temperature compensation had after the oil of use.This difference and then cause a kind of illusion of residue use amount at the oil used decreased.

If during the residue use amount that the residue use amount of the oil in use of second time measurement is obviously greater than for the first time or second time is estimated, then can conclude that the oil level of the tested oil in use has been reduced to oil mass for oil level during minimum value.When this situation, because low oil level, the first capacitive sensor on oil level position when being arranged on minimum value is partly filled with air.Because the specific inductive capacity of air is less than the specific inductive capacity at the oil used significantly, this sensor that this electrical properties being partly filled with the temperature compensation of the first capacitive sensor of air just causing measurement is different from expectation is filled with the electrical properties had after the oil used.This difference and then result in the illusion of residue use amount at the oil used of excessive measurement.

Obtain the information of the situation of above-mentioned abnormal oil, mechanical user can take suitable counter-measure to make it be unlikely to damage to protect machinery.

Except the residue use amount that the second time applying oil is measured, the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first embodiment of sensor of the present invention and method can also apply the oil in use measured for the second time judges whether have moisture in oil.

Measure from relatively second time with first time or second time estimate when the temperature compensated electrical properties of the oil used, if find their difference, and this difference shows the metamorphic grade at the oil used lower than being determined by the electrical properties estimated, first embodiment of the inventive method then can judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil level when oil mass is minimum value.

Sensor of the present invention also discloses the multiple modification of the first embodiment of sensor.Include use at least two detecting sensors, that includes corresponding at least two the first capacitive sensors.These at least two sensors can be installed in the different parts of a machinery oil system, and the user of machinery can conclude the uneven distribution whether having oil deterioration in oil system like this.This information is particularly conducive to the maintenance of the internal combustion engine to large model, is such as equipped in the internal combustion engine on locomotive engine, because moisture is likely gathered in the privileged site of this I. C. engine oil system.

If at least two detecting sensors are installed by vertical direction in addition, the user of machinery can monitor when oil mass consumes gradually and causes oil level to reduce gradually, the change of the full oil level of oil system.Corresponding to the change of this oil level, each first capacitive sensor at least two detecting sensors can be filled with from one in an orderly manner and become a sensor being filled with air at the sensor transfer of the oil used.Can reach by detecting the change of the orderly electrical properties of each the first capacitive sensor in these at least two detecting sensors the instant supervision of oil level like this.

The inventive method also discloses the second embodiment, namely only uses a detecting sensor to comprise its capacitive sensor for detecting.According to the method for numerous temperature compensations, the curve of temperature compensated electrical properties that is that the present invention can obtain the measurement of this capacitive sensor and that estimate.Then the second embodiment can derive the residue use amount of the residue use amount at the oil used of second time measurement and this oil of first time or second time expectation further.Utilize the size of same these two kinds of use amounts of the comparison carried out in the first embodiment, second embodiment of the invention can judge the situation of the oil used, be included in oil level when oil mass in oil deterioration process reduces to minimum value, the real surplus use amount of the normal rotten and corresponding oil of the improper rotten and oil of oil.In addition, alternative plan also can apply at least two detecting sensors to monitor the uneven distribution whether mechanical oil system has oil deterioration, or monitors the change of oil level within the scope of full oil level.

The describing in detail of chapters and sections afterwards, discusses and can have the structure of the invention and object after have references to accompanying drawing be more clearly familiar with the request of claim.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Following accompanying drawing is only in order to the example instead of limitation of the present invention enumerated are described.

Fig. 1 is a curve synoptic diagram changed with service time at the oil deterioration of the oil used.

Fig. 2 is with the use amount U of oil in the electrical impedance of the oil used _tincrease and the curve synoptic diagram of the change of minimizing.Fig. 2 is specific descriptions of the oil deterioration to Fig. 1 display.

Fig. 3 is the electrical impedance Z at the oil used of display measurement _mcurve and temperature compensated after electrical impedance Z _tcurve with the relation schematic diagram changed service time.

Fig. 4 be estimate temperature compensated after electrical impedance Z _pcurve (dotted line) and the temperature compensated electrical impedance Z of actual measurement _tthe consistent schematic diagram of curve (solid line).

Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the electrical impedance measuring the sensing capacitor of oil sensor with voltage divider.

Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the electric current measuring the sensing capacitor of oil sensor with constant pressure source.

Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of the voltage of the sensing capacitor using constant flow source measuring gauging sensor.

Fig. 8 is at electrical impedance Z, the voltage V of oil that use and electric current I and the relation schematic diagram that changes service time in metamorphic process.

Fig. 9 is a device schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention.Applying the structure of dual sensor in this scenario, including a detecting sensor and a reference sensor and their corresponding the first capacitive sensor for detecting and the second capacitive sensor for reference.Apply the temperature compensated electrical properties that this device can be based upon the measurement of the oil of use.

Figure 10 is the curve synoptic diagram that the not temperature compensated electrical properties obtained from the first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor and the second capacitive sensor of reference sensor changed with service time.

Figure 11 is the curve synoptic diagram that the electrical properties of the first temperature compensated capacitive sensor measured changed with service time.This curve is the result combining curve in Fig. 10.

Figure 12 is the curve synoptic diagram of not temperature compensated change in electrical properties that is that obtain from the first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor and that obtain from the second capacitive sensor of another kind of reference sensor.

Figure 13 is in the normal metamorphic process of the oil used, measurement with the electrical properties of the temperature compensated oil using the estimated curve synoptic diagram with independent variable change service time.

Figure 14 the shows measurement same in fig. 13 curve changed with service time with the electrical properties of the temperature compensated oil in use that is that estimate, but the independent variable of Figure 14 includes the service time of oil or the mileage number of use.

That Figure 15 shows measurement same in fig. 14 with the temperature compensated oil using that is that estimate the curve that changes with service time of electrical properties.But unlike the first use amount U of the electrical properties measured in fig .15 at oil _itime have unexpected change, which illustrate the oil used additional levels rotten.

The curve synoptic diagram of Figure 16 is exaggerated electrical properties that second time in fig .15 measures at the first use amount U of oil _itime the part that changes suddenly, and the independent variable of Figure 16 is t service time.

Figure 17 shows at time interval t _ito t _jin the slope that has of the electrical properties slope of a curve of the temperature compensated oil using the measured electrical properties Curves that is greater than expectation.

Figure 18 is the temperature compensated electrical properties curve at the oil used of a measurement.Its component values has exceeded the preestablished limit value of pre-index contour, and this phenomenon occurred in the use moment early than a predetermined generation.

Figure 19 is the abnormal curve schematic diagram of the temperature compensated electrical properties at the oil used in a cold internal combustion engine measured.This curve describes the exception of the initial electrical properties occurred when starting internal combustion engines, which represent undue the going bad at the oil used.

Figure 20 be second embodiment of the invention be used for measuring at the metamorphic grade of oil used and the device schematic diagram of oil level thereof, the second embodiment only applies detecting sensor to check the rotten of this oil and oil level.

Figure 21 shows same curve in fig. 14, but unlike the first use amount U of the electrical properties curve measured in Figure 21 from oil _itime start the curve being different from expectation, and show be less than expectation use oil metamorphic grade.

The curve synoptic diagram of Figure 22 expands in figure 21 according to the first loss lubrication oil condition, from the use amount U of oil _ito U _qbetween measure with estimate use oil electrical properties curve.

Figure 23 is the schematic diagram improving the sensor that first embodiment of the invention is applied.It includes at least two detections be arranged in machinery oil system on diverse location and turns sensor.

Figure 24 is the sensor schematic diagram that another improvement first embodiment of the invention is applied.It includes at least two detections be arranged in machinery oil system on differing heights and turns sensor.

Embodiment

Although now incorporate drawing to describe embodiment of the present invention, must it is clear that these embodiments be only as the representative of example of the present invention.And the minority only accounted in numerous schemes that can represent the application principle of the invention.The numerous modification relevant with the present invention and correction are apparent for one skilled people in this area.So they are considered to be included among spirit of the present invention, object and planning, to comprise and by claims defined added.

The situation of lubricating oil is concerning safeguarding to such an extent as to protecting one to be vital with the machinery of oil.It is improper rotten that the situation of oil is included in when water exists, or anhydrous normal rotten when existing and including of having thereof are for the residue use amount of the oil on date of determining to change oil, and the oil level in a machinery oil system is reduced to oil level when oil mass is minimum value.Sensor of the present invention and method aim at the detecting sensor of application one improvement to detect the situation of these oil, thus can provide corresponding instruction to the user of machinery for preventing the damage of machinery.Method of the present invention awards in following two parts and describes.

The method of I, detection oil deterioration

At mechanical hook-up, as in internal combustion engine, lubricating oil is used to reduce the friction between moving component.But along with the growth of service time, lubricating oil creates the rotten damage that thus effectively can not prevent the machinery caused by rubbing.The serviceable life of lubricating oil affects by following factor: the polymkeric substance that the thermo-oxidative pyrolysis of such as oil, the exhausting of adjuvant in oil, moisture produce the pollution of oil, oil or adjuvant pyrolysis product and the carbonization that fuel oil produces in the combustion process in the machinery run are expected.

In above-mentioned factor, and the chemistry of all the other factors impact oil, physics and electrical properties compare, and the effect of water pollutions is different.So oil rotten can be divided into when not having water normal rotten, and improper rotten when there being water to exist.

Fig. 1 shows the curve D of the normal metamorphic grade at the oil used with t change service time.When a lubricating oil be new or by use time, it does not have rotten degree, therefore is shown as 1 D on curve _n.Along with the use of oil and the growth of service time, pollutant produces and increases, and thus starts the aggravation of the rotten of oil and oil deterioration.Final oil deterioration to a certain extent, is namely presented at another D on Fig. 1 curve _stime, lubricating oil at that time is then considered to exhaust its spendable life-span, thus must be replaced.

Be used in equally in transmitting transformer, oil also can cracking.Main cause is that partial discharge owing to producing under temperature, oxygen, moisture, action of high voltage and electric spark make oil-breaking produce pollutant and cause the rotten of oil.

As everyone knows, oil also exists specific inductive capacity, and this specific inductive capacity increases with the pollution of oil and the metamorphic grade of oil and increases.Utilize this character, the metamorphic grade of oil can be judged by the electrical properties measuring the oil relevant with specific inductive capacity.This measurement can by being placed in the sensor in oil, such as containing having come the capacitor of Detection capacitance.Then the electrical properties of the sensor measured is utilized to express the electrical properties of oil.When the increase of oil pollution degree, i.e. oil deterioration increase, just cause the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of oil to increase and then cause the increase of sensor capacitance C.

When being added on the pole plate of capacitor with an alternating voltage V, from formula Z=R+j (-1/ ω C), the increase of electric capacity C result in the reduction of the electrical impedance Z of oil, and the reduction of electrical impedance can cause the increase by electric current between capacitor plate.Above electroporation knowledge is well-known, as at U.S. Patent number 4, and 646, what describe in 070 is such.

Fig. 2 describe oil normal rotten in, electrical impedance reduces with the increase of the service time of oil.For electrical impedance Z new or original oil _nheight, otherwise, concerning electrical impedance Z the oil exhausted serviceable life _slow.Again because lubricating oil is nonconducting, so electrical impedance ingredient, a capacitive impedance j (-1/ ω C) or X _cit is the principal element determining electrical impedance.Therefore user can the electrical impedance of periodically test oil to judge the quality of oil, and this measurement can from successional to non-recurrent.Stain in Fig. 2 curve represents the electrical impedance obtained by this periodic measurement.

But the specific inductive capacity of oil is variation with temperature and changes, so just have influence on the electric capacity of capacitor and the change of electrical impedance.So must manage to eliminate this temperature effect in the measurements, usually can by reaching the compensation of electrical impedance.Specifically, a kind of method by measuring the temperature of oil, then can use the correcting factor relevant with temperature, the electrical impedance Z measured _mconvert actual or temperature compensated electrical impedance Z to _t.Another kind method is, this measurement to temperature compensation always can be carried out in predetermined temperature.Curve in Fig. 3 illustrates the electrical impedance Z of measurement _mcurve and electrical impedance Z through temperature compensation _tcurve relatively with the relation of identical service time.This service time is an independent variable, and it is the specific form of one of the use of oil.

Fig. 4 shows the temperature compensated electrical impedance Z of expectation _pthe temperature compensated electrical impedance Z of curve and actual measurement in contrast _tcurve.The electrical impedance curve estimated is expected, its function as time damping characteristic smoothly.The curve of such expectation represents the normal situation of change of lower electrical impedance with service time that go bad at oil.This curve first can pass through actual measurement, is then derived by experimental formula.Can see the temperature compensated curve of reality and matching of expectation in the diagram, this is the normal rotten expression of another oil.But as hereinafter described, some factor can cause the electrical impedance estimated to be different from actual electrical impedance.

The metamorphic grade of oil, as can by representing the measurement of electrical impedance shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.The measurement of this electrical impedance can use voltage divider to reach in electrical principles, and voltage divider can be composed in series by a sensing capacitor containing measured oil and a known electric impedor.When measuring, an alternating voltage is added on voltage divider, the electrical impedance being marked with oily capacitor is proportional to the ratio of voltage on the capacitor and the voltage on known electric impedor.This electrical impedance represents the electrical impedance of oil.

The metamorphic grade process of oil also can be expressed by the relation of the curtage of this capacitor with service time.When measuring with current method, act on sensing capacitor with a constant pressure source, the electric current flowing through capacitor is inversely proportional to electrical impedance.When measuring with voltage method, act on sensing capacitor with a constant current source, voltage proportional is on the capacitor in electrical impedance.During, voltage and current method anti-at the above-described measuring resistance of concrete utilization, can with reference to the technical details in electricity.But which kind of method that don't work goes to measure, the physical quantity of this measurement must be temperature compensated.

Fig. 5 discloses the method for the oil deterioration of above-mentioned measurement to 7.The sensing capacitor C with electric capacity can form by plural metallic conductor is parallel, must be designed with enough gaps between metallic conductor, to ensure freely circulating of oil.Fig. 5 is one for the schematic diagram of the voltage divider of impedance bioelectrical measurement.The alternating voltage V of fixed voltage value is had with one _aact on sensing capacitor and a connected known electric impedance Z _refon element, the electrical impedance of capacitor represents the metamorphic grade of oil.In a kind of example, resistance can be used as known electric impedor.

Fig. 6 shows and utilizes constant pressure source V ₀current method carry out the schematic diagram measured, represented the metamorphic grade of oil by the electric current of capacitor.

Fig. 7 shows and make use of constant current source I ₀voltage method carry out the schematic diagram measured, effect voltage on the capacitor represent oily metamorphic grade.

The relation that curve in Fig. 8 illustrates the electrical impedance Z relevant with the sensing capacitor of detecting sensor, electric current I and voltage V and rotten the change with service time of oil and changes.Therefrom can see the electrical impedance of sensing capacitor that detects for oil and voltage with oil service time growth, namely smoothly reduce with the aggravation of oil deterioration, and electric current increases thereupon.

Electrical principles shows, the electrical impedance of capacitor can by the component of its imaginary part, capacitive impedance X _ccomponent, the resistance R of=j (-1/ ω C) and its real part formed.Apply the measurement of well-known electroporation to a parameter in these two kinds of parameters can provide and analyze the foundation of oil deterioration, this measurement can use measurement mechanism to comprise alternating current analytical equipment 30 (Fig. 9) to reach.Information (the Ai Jielun company: Agilent of electrical impedance, reactance, resistance, electric capacity and phase place such as can be obtained with Agilent4294 model electrical impedance instrument; California, USA Borrow Ao Erduo city: PaloAlto).Phase place also can calculate with resistance and reactance and obtain.

As according to Ai Jielun 4294 structure, then there is digitized controller, signal source, transducer and vector scale detecting device.Wherein signal source provides the applying ac-excited signal with all sweep frequencies and degree of amplitude modulation on a sensor.Transducer converts the electrical impedance measured to two kinds of ac signal voltages.Two kinds of ac signal photovoltaic conversion are become numerical data by vector scale detecting device again.And digitized controller comprises process numerical data to export the test result of sample.

This measurement mechanism also can design from the electronic circuit of the locking principle according to analog quantity, and be connected to digitizing part (the Princeton applied research company: PrincetonAppliedResearch of collecting data in interior syndeton to digital quantity converter through including analog quantity, tennessee,USA Ou Ke Ritchie city: OakRidge, Tennessee, USA).In addition also can Applied Digital the locking principle similar in appearance to above-mentioned analog quantity, i.e. digitized correlation principle (Su Leqiang company: Solartron, Britain breathe out Pu Junfadu pressgang city: Fardoroagh, Hampshire, UK).

Above-mentioned technology applies the principle of the alternating current driver signal of single sine wave.In addition the principle of many sinusoidal wave pumping signals can also be applied, and (Cha Na-Ai Er is the strange company of Ke Jiemubu and Cook but: Zahner-ElektrikGmbh & CokG more can to apply Fourier frequency switch technology, Luo Nake coughs up in Germany: Kronach, Germany).

Except above-mentioned commercial instrument, also can apply and comprise electronics integrated wafer AD5933 (Analog Devices Inc: AnalogDevices, Massachusetts, United States: Massachusetts, USA) and make measurement mechanism.The operation of this wafer produces the real part of the electrical impedance in each frequency and the data of imaginary part according to the principle of discrete type Fourier.

Be appreciated that if only need in the measurements to apply single-frequency, the electric excitation signal comprising sine wave, square wave, triangular wave and sawtooth fashion can be applied.The measurement mechanism producing the electric excitation signal of single-frequency can apply well-known oscillator, include capacitance-resistance phaseshift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator: Wien-BridgeOscillator, Ku Er splits time oscillator: ColpittsOscillator, Tim Hartley oscillator: HartleyOscillator and square-wave oscillator (A Mingniya: Aminian, A.; Triumphant plucked instrument Mick fork clip: Kazimierczuk, M.; Electron device, from design: ElectronicDevices, adesignapproach; Bi Yaxun, Pan Tesi room printing firm: Pearson, PrenticeHall, 2004 years).

Above disclosing describes well-known technique, and it applies traditional capacitor that is used as sensor, gets off to detect oil comprise the rotten of lubricating oil in excitation that is periodic, that comprise sinusoidal wave alternating current driver signal.But, as in " background technology " of the present disclosure describe, for detection technique key, be namely the electrical characteristic of traditional capacitor and output factor also also exist to its improve may.

As shown in Figure 9 be preferred first embodiment of the present invention that is representative with detecting sensor 26, detecting sensor have one for detect the first capacitive sensor C1, namely it is to traditional result having the capacitor of two electrodes to improve.Sensor C1 has the electrode 1,2 and 3 of the first, the second and the three identical en plaque.They by equidistantly, sequentially, aligned with each other and be arranged in parallel and define accordingly in bottom, centre and electrode at top.First and the 3rd electrode 1 and 3 are outer electrodes, be used as the parallel connection of the first wire of the first extraction pole 4 by one and define the Integrated electrode of first group.Second electrode 2 is between first and the space of the 3rd electrode formation, connected by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole 5.

The object being appreciated that, describing from facility, three electrodes above chatted are manipulated so the state of laterally settling.In fact, these electrodes can be manipulated so the state with laterally having any angle.

If identical with two electrode plates of a capacitor with 2 as first and second electrodes 1 of the output amplitude sensor of the electrical properties of sensor C1, it is the output amplitude being equivalent to two parallel connected capacitors.But four electrode plates that the capacitor that the electrode that sensor C1 only has three en plaques connects compared to two has, so the volume that sensor C1 has the capacitor connected than two is little volume.Like this compared with two traditional capacitors, first capacitive sensor C1 of the present invention has the signal of the electrical properties of the oil comprising the identical output amplitude obtained from a test oil, but has the character comprising and have the uniqueness of the volume reduced because having lacked an electrode.This character makes sensor of the present invention have advance on the small form factor requirements of one of sensor technology.

Again as shown in Figure 9, first and second extraction poles 4 and 5 of sensor C1 comprise alternating current analytical equipment 30 with measurement mechanism and are connected, and ac-excited signal of thus its output comprises alternating voltage and can apply on a sensor.Be appreciated that, when the positive potential of alternating voltage be applied to negative potential on the first extraction pole 4 be applied on the second extraction pole 5 time, the outer electrode 1 and 3 of sensor has been positive polarization, and inside middle electrode 2 has been negative polarizations.The electrode screening of the positive polarization of such two outsides is symmetrical at the electric field of the electrode of the negative polarization of bosom, i.e. sensor C1 relative to target.

Identical state also occurs in when positive potential is applied on inner target 2, and negative potential is on the electrode 1 and 3 of outside.This just makes sensor C1 have unique electrical properties, and include middle electrode is always had symmetry by the electric field of two electrode screenings of outside and sensor for the ambient electromagnetic field around it.These character are very important for application exchanges the present invention of electricity.

The electrode number being appreciated that, allowing compared to the Integrated electrode according to spirit of the present invention and object, above-mentioned the first embodiment for the first capacitive sensor C1 detected only has used the electrode of the en plaque of minimal number.In a broad aspect, according to general embodiment, capacitive sensor C1 can have the identical en plaque electrode of odd number, they by equidistantly, sequentially, aligned with each other and be arranged in parallel.The electrode in these electrodes with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by the first wire that is used as the first extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of first group, and in this set two outmost and electrodes in centre are as the outmost and middle electrode of sensor.The electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of second group.Known, in electricity, the Integrated electrode of first group shields the Integrated electrode of second group.

What shown by Fig. 9 is method according to the present invention first preferred embodiment.The method applies the first capacitive sensor C1 and detects the situation of oil used: comprise that oil level is reduced to oil level when oil mass is minimum value, abnormal rotten and oil when not moisture normal rotten and this oily residue use amount of oil when moisture.

Also comprise in this embodiment and apply a reference sensor 28, it has a second capacitive sensor C2 for reference and compensates and fluctuated by oil temperature and the fluctuation of the electrical properties of the measurement obtained on the first capacitive sensor C1 caused.The structure of this capacitive sensor C2 and the identical of the first capacitive sensor C1, have the first, the second and the three en plaque electrode 1 ', 2 ' and 3 ' and the first and second extraction poles 4 ' and 5 ' of being connected with alternating current analytical equipment 30.The method of the program comprises:

A) provide one containing moisture use oil 22.It is placed in the oil accumulator of the machinery oil system including oil groove, such as, in the crankcase 34 of internal combustion engine or a container of transmitting transformer.

B) one is provided containing the reference oil 24 of moisture.This oil is sealed in a container, and this container is placed on the oil 22 used that coexists to have the region of identical temperature.

In the first embodiment, reference oil 24 identical thermophysical property, the change of reference oil electrical properties that namely caused by temperature variation with oil and the measured oil 22 coexisting and use is identical with the change of measured oil.Reference oil can be without the oil used or make the oil used up or the oil partly employed in addition.As reference oil 24 in Fig. 10 and the tested oil 22 using be the same manufacturer same model of producing without the oil used.

C) one detecting sensor 26 being provided, that includes a first capacitive sensor C1 for detecting.

In the first embodiment, detecting sensor 26 can also comprise one be used as sensor container, with the outer cover of porous.This outer cover allows circulating fully at the oil used, and the first capacitive sensor C1 of protection in detecting sensor, so this outer cover is represented by dashed line in fig .9.

D) one reference sensor 28 is provided, that includes one for the second capacitive sensor C2 of reference.The sensor C2 of reference is sealed in a container, and is immersed in reference oil 24 li.Second capacitive sensor C2 is identical with the first capacitive sensor C1.

As shown in Figure 9, the container of sealing is represented by a square.Be appreciated that, the container of corresponding detection and reference sensor has identical mechanical parameter, and container is preferably made by metal or metal alloy, so they provide for corresponding sensor have identical electromechanical performance.Detecting sensor 26 and reference sensor 28 also can be designed to integration simultaneously.

E) detecting sensor 26 is placed in oil system, the first capacitive sensor C1 is immersed in the tested oil 22 using completely.

F) in first time measures, measure following any a kind of electrical properties with a measurement mechanism 30, the electrical properties obtained from the first capacitive sensor C1 detecting sensor is EP _c1, from the second capacitive sensor C2 reference sensor obtain for EP _c2, the electrical properties of measurement comprises the electrical impedance of the first capacitive sensor C1 and the electrical impedance of the second capacitive sensor C2; By the electric current of the first capacitive sensor C1 and the electric current of the second capacitive sensor C2; Voltage on voltage on the first capacitive sensor C1 and the second capacitive sensor C2.

G) in conjunction with the electrical properties EP of the first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor _c1with the electrical properties EP of the second capacitive sensor of reference sensor _c2, thus the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first time obtaining the first capacitive sensor measures, which represent the temperature compensated electrical properties EP measured in the first time of the oil used _{t, i}(M).This electrical properties EP _t,i(M) detected going bad at the oil 22 used can be represented.Here letter e P represents oil properties, and the tee of wherein betting illustrates temperature compensation, and the alphabetical i of bet illustrates first time measurement, and alphabetical M illustrates electrical properties and obtains by measuring.

As shown in Figure 9, the electrical properties EP of the first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor _c1with the electrical properties EP of the second capacitive sensor of reference sensor _c2combined through measurement mechanism 30, obtained the temperature compensated electrical properties of the first time measurement on the first capacitive sensor like this.It can make result by display 32 and notice under the selection of user.

Figure 10 and 11 illustrate the present invention can by referring to the second capacitive sensor C2 compensate the electrical properties EP of the first capacitive sensor C1 detected _c1temperature variant fluctuation.The curve for Figure 10 middle and upper part obtained by the sensor of reference, from the curve for bottom that the sensor detected obtains.In this first scheme, reference oil is untapped oil or fresh oil, and it has the same brand and type with tested at the oil 22 used.

As described in Figure, at time interval Δ t ₁in, the electrical properties EP of the sensor of reference _c2there is the numerical value EP determined _c2(N), this numerical value is corresponding its electrical properties at a normal temperature.But at time interval Δ t ₂in due to the change of oil temperature, with reference to the electrical properties EP of sensor _c2raise.Same at time interval Δ t ₃in this numerical value be returned to normally.At time interval Δ t ₄in this numerical value EP _c2again raise due to temperature variation.

In addition, reference oil is separately sealing, so the environmental change that it does not cause by the operation because of machine affected, thus between its whole operating period, it undergoes no deterioration.This characteristic can by unaltered in the drawings electrical properties EP _c2(N) illustrate, wherein EP _c2(N) be the numerical value of normal electrical properties after the second capacitive sensor is filled with fresh oil.

This electrical properties EP _c2feature be used as a benchmark to correct or compensate the first capacitive sensor C1 be filled with measured oil 22 after electrical properties EP _c1by the fluctuation that temperature variation causes.In addition, the electrical properties of the first capacitive sensor is that the rotten of the oil being subject to increasing with use affected.And the tested oil using can become after it is fully used from a fresh oil or untapped oil one makes the oil used up.So the numerical value of the initial electrical properties of the first capacitive sensor C1 is the numerical value EP with the second capacitive sensor C2 _c2(N) identical.

It is worthy of note, be acted upon by temperature changes, electrical properties EP _c1with electrical properties EP _c2change be identical.Because these two capacitive sensors are in the environment of same temperature, they have same or similar thermal property by the oil of institute's filling separately.These two capacitive sensors have identical structural parameters in addition.Like this, according to the following equation [1] listed, come in conjunction with electrical properties EP _c1and EP _c2, a kind of temperature compensated electrical properties EP of measurement of the first capacitive sensor can be obtained _t(M), which represent going bad at the oil 22 used.

Be worth it is again noted that, the electrical properties curve drawn in Figure 11 represents the change with service time of electrical impedance or voltage.If express with electric current, its curve is as shown in Fig. 8.

As for how in conjunction with the electrical properties of these two capacitive sensors, a kind of preferred scheme is the electrical properties EP of the change of the first capacitive sensor C1 caused by change with Yin Wendu _c1deduct the electrical properties EP of the identical change of the second capacitive sensor C2 _c2.Represented by following formula:

EP _T(M)=EP _C1-EP _C2+EP _C2(N)[1]

Wherein EP _c2n represents the numerical value of the electrical properties that the second capacitive sensor C2 of reference obtains in normal temperature situation.Use this numerical value can make temperature compensated electrical properties and the curve of use relation of oil be in electrical properties on the occasion of territory.In figure, Y number axis represents the tested oil used, comprise that it is fresh oil, part uses and make to have used up oily time temperature compensated electrical properties.X number axis represents in the metamorphic process of oil, the service time of each process.

Certainly by other method in conjunction with electrical properties EP _c1and EP _c2also being fine, is such as (EP _c1-EP _c2).As long as the method utilizes the electrical properties of the sensor of reference to eliminate the impact of temperature fluctuation on the electrical properties of the sensor detected.If apply (EP in addition _c2-EP _c1) associated methods, the curve of oil deterioration as shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained.

Moreover with reference in Fig. 9 to Figure 11 and the aforesaid step f of this paper, applicable electrical properties comprises indivedual compositions, i.e. resistance R and the reactance X of electrical impedance _c, to replace electricity consumption impedance Z to describe the process of oil deterioration.For indivedual compositions of electrical impedance measurement needed for instruments and methods be well-known, also can be used in mentioned measuring technology and method herein.

Here it must be noted that, " untapped oil " refers to new, namely refers to produce from factory, without any use, the oil not containing any pollutant." partly used oil " refers to the oil using a period of time, has wherein stockpiled a certain amount of pollutant.

Figure 11 shows after the electrical properties of combined sensor C1 and sensor C2, and the temperature compensated electrical properties obtained is with the relation of service time.The temperature compensated electrical properties EP on the first capacitive sensor that this figure shows _tcurve be combine the electrical properties measured on each measurement point at the first capacitive sensor C1 and the second capacitive sensor C2, namely to the oil used from a fresh oil to a whole use amount making the oil used up corresponding to the result of change in electrical properties.

The electrical properties EP of the temperature compensation in addition shown in Figure 11 _t(M), in curve, service time t has been used to be used as independent variable.But, except the time, also can with other use variable.Such as automobile, can as independently using variable to describe the relation of temperature compensated change in electrical properties by the mileage number driven.

Figure 12 describes the another kind of method using temperature compensation.In this scenario, one makes the oil used up instead of new or original oil be used as reference oil 24, the sensor C1 namely detected be immerse detected in the oil 22 used.But the sensor C2 of reference immerses this to make in the oil used up, and its electrical properties has normal numerical value EP _c2(N ').This oil used up is referred to this oil has accumulated a large amount of pollutants, thus completely lose its spendable greasy property.This oil making to have used up has identical thermal property with measured oil 22, like this at time slot Δ t ₂with Δ t ₄in, the change due to the temperature of oil causes the electrical properties EP of the sensor C2 of sensor C1 and the reference detected _c1and EP _c2identical change.If the electrical properties that capacitive sensor C1 and C2 measures combines as aforesaid method, the curve of the temperature compensated electrical properties on the first capacitive sensor C1 obtained is then identical with Curves in fig. 11.

By following discussion, be appreciated that the electrical properties EP that Figure 11 enumerates _t(M) the rotten or oil level of oil in varied situations can be used for representing.

In addition, according to above step a to the g disclosed, the temperature compensated electrical properties EP for the tested expection at the oil 22 used can be obtained _t(P) curve, that reflects moisture free detected oil in use is that a fresh oil is to the normal rotten overall process becoming the oil making to have used up from it.Wherein alphabetical P means that electrical properties EP obtains through expectation according to the use amount of corresponding oil.This curve includes the electrical properties EP that the tested oil using is fresh oil or original oil _{t, N}, and its become make to have used up oily time electrical properties EP _{t, S}.At this between the two, many corresponding electrical properties EP that is different, the used oil of part are had _{t, PS}.This electrical properties EP _{t, PS}reflect different the going bad relative to different use amount in metamorphic process of moisture free oil using.

Being appreciated that, in order to set forth the present invention, applying the definition of many same meanings, such as " temperature compensated electrical properties an EP containing measurement _t(M) curve ", " curve of a temperature compensated electrical properties measured ", " character an EP measured _t(M) curve " and " curve includes the character EP of measurement _t(M) ".Similarly, " temperature compensated electrical properties an EP containing expectation is also had _t(P) curve ", the curve of a temperature compensated electrical properties estimated ", " character an EP estimated _t(P) curve ", and " curve includes the character EP of expectation _t(P) ".In addition, " the temperature compensated electrical properties EP of measurement _t" and " the temperature compensated electrical properties EP of expectation (M) _t(P) " the character EP of measurement can " be reduced to respectively _t" and " the character EP of expectation (M) _t(P) ".In the same manner, " the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation _{t, N}", " the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation _t,S" and " the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation _t" can to distinguish be simply " character EP _{t, N}", " character EP _{t, S}" and " character EP _t".

The electrical properties curve of the measured oil estimated can be obtained by multiple foregoing method.Be below to go bad overall process through the oil 22 that experimental simulation is using, thus obtain the electrical properties EP of an expectation _t(P) method of curve.

When the tested oil using be fresh oil or by use time, it is not certainly containing moisture.This oil is detected according to above-mentioned step a to g, thus obtains electrical properties EP _{t, N}.Then this moisture free fresh oil by purpose in the experimental period predetermined through (as U service time _pS) experiment after go bad to certain degree.Must it is well established that the situation of experiment must be same as or the situation of the closely actual use of this measured oil.Moisture free like this fresh oil becomes a part of used oil, has the known metamorphic grade of experimentally Time dependent.Then it is detected according to above-mentioned step a to g again, obtains a corresponding electrical properties EP like this _{t, PS}.Going bad of the alphabetical PS expression part of wherein betting.

Then this used oil of part with known metamorphic grade goes bad through experiment further according to the identical experimental period predetermined again.Must it is clear that, the condition of testing in the whole rotten experimentation of oil must be consistent.Then this oil gone bad further is detected by testing procedure a to g again, and obtains the electrical properties EP of the oil having larger metamorphic grade compared with aforementioned metamorphic grade _{t, PS'}.

According to above-mentioned method, complete the thoroughly rotten of oil and detect.The oil making to have used up should be just become, so also just obtain the curve of the temperature compensated electrical properties of complete expectation like this at the oil used.That reflects the oil 22 used at moisture-free time normal rotten.In addition, reference oil also can be used to the curve obtaining the electrical properties so estimated.Because as previously mentioned, reference oil is moisture free, and has the identical model of oil 22 and trade mark that coexist and use.

Like this, first embodiment of the invention continues to include following claim steps:

H) set up the curve of the temperature compensated electrical properties to the expectation at the oil used according to step a to g, that reflects the normal rotten of this oil, the curve of this expectation includes an electrical properties EP _{t, N}, its be this oil do not used and moisture-free time the electrical properties obtained after testing, and another electrical properties EP _{t, S}, its be this oil made to have used up and moisture-free time the electrical properties that obtains after testing.

Now described in detail the normal rotten of the oil simply described in the diagram by Figure 13 and 14.At Figure 13 and 14 in the identical situation that describes, the curve of the electrical properties of measurement is consistent with the curve estimated.But in order to compare with the following improper metamorphic facies being about to the oil described, the curve that the measurement that illustrate only the part of oil in this two figure obtains.

In Figure 13, the oil included using by the curve of the expectation of represented by dotted arrows is fresh oil, the used oil of part and the electrical properties making the oil used up.By the part representated by solid line through measure the curve that obtains describe tested the oil used when its from fresh oil after being used a period of time to moment t _iin time, partly goes bad, corresponding to this use moment t at the oil used _ithe electrical properties of measurement be EP _{t, i}(M).The character EP of this measurement _{t, i}(M) be relative to the first use amount U at this oil _icomprise first service time t _i, through measuring the character EP that first time of obtaining measures for the first time _t(M), its be used as an example to illustrate the present invention how to apply measurement with estimate character and judge oil situation.In this moment correspondingly, in the curve estimated, there is the electrical properties EP of a corresponding expectation _{t, i}(P), it is used as the character EP of first time expectation of present case _t(P).As seen from the figure, this first time measure with estimate electrical properties EP _{t, i}and EP (M) _t,i(P) identical.

Figure 14 describes the curve through measure and estimate the electrical properties that obtain identical with Figure 13.But be different from the time of Figure 13 use as independent variable, Figure 14 has used the actual use amount U of oil as variable, can is simply " use amount " in the following description.Such fresh oil and the respective electrical properties EP making the oil used up _t,Nand EP _t,Suse amount U corresponding and respective respectively _nand U _s.Use amount U _srepresent between the whole operating period of the oil used from a fresh oil be changed to make to have used up oily time, the used mileage number of institute or used time number.

Must be clear that, because measure with the consistance of electrical properties of expection, from measure and expection obtains corresponding to be fresh oil with make to have used up oily time electrical properties all can respectively with identical EP _{t, N}and EP _t,Srepresent.Correspondingly, use amount Δ U can be expressed as the whole of oil used _f=(U _s-U _n), the electrical properties of its correspondence be changed to Δ EP _t=(EP _{t, N}-EP _t,S).Figure 14 also describes in addition, the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that first time measures _t,i(M) at the first identical use amount U _itime with the character EP that estimates of first time _t,i(P) consistent.Which represent the normal rotten of oil.

Obtain above-mentioned conclusion, first embodiment of the invention continues to include following claim steps:

I) gamut setting up the use amount of this oil is Δ U _f=(U _s-U _n), it changes into Δ EP relative to electrical properties _t=(EP _t,N-EP _t,S), wherein letter U represent this use oil actual use amount and be electrical properties EP _tindependent variable, U _nthe actual use amount when the oil used is a fresh oil, U _sbe the oil used be one make to have used up oily time actual use amount, and U _ithe first use amount of this oil, its correspondence this electrical properties EP _t,i(M).

J) at it, there is the electrical properties EP measuring for the first time and obtain to the oil that this is using _t,i(M) the residue utilization rate R that time, definition was measured from the first time of this oil _{m, i}for: R _{m, i}=[EP _t,i(M)-EP _t,S]/[EP _t,N-EP _t,S], wherein R _{m, i}normalized, its numerical value be from when being fresh oil to this oil be 1 to this oil be make to have used up oily time be zero.R _m,i" the residue utilization rate R that first time measures can be defined as by summary _{m, i}".

Define further again this use oil from measure for the first time obtain first time measurement residue use amount be R _{m, i}Δ U _f=R _{m, i}(U _s-U _n).

Correspondingly, this is defined at the oil used at the character EP with first time measurement _t,itime (M) the deterioration rate that first time measures is D _m,i=[EP _t,N-EP _t,i(M)]/[EP _{t, N}-EP _t,S].This deterioration rate is normalized, from being zero when being fresh oil to this oil, to this oil be make to have used up oily time be 1.D _{m, i}can be " the deterioration rate D that first time measures by summary _m,i".

In addition, according to the electrical properties EP that on the electrical properties curve estimated estimates _t(P) the residue utilization rate of the normalized oil of an expectation can, be set up similarly.Such as in Figure 13 and 14, according to first service time t _ior the first use amount U _ithere is the character EP that corresponding first time is estimated _{t, i}(P).The residue utilization rate that such first time is estimated is R _p,ibe equal to [EP _t,i(P)-EP _t,S]/[EP _t,N-EP _t,S], and then the residue use amount R having corresponding first time to estimate _p,iΔ U _f, and the normalized oil deterioration rate D that first time is estimated _p,i=[EP _t,N-EP _{t, i}(P)]/[EP _t,N-EP _t,S].D _p,ican be " the deterioration rate D that first time is estimated by abbreviation _p,i".

Describing according to Figure 14, the residue utilization rate R that first time measures _{m, i}the residue utilization rate R estimated with first time _p,icorresponding to the first identical use amount U _iconsistent.The residue use amount R that such first time measures _{m, i}Δ U _falso the residue use amount R estimated with first time _p,iΔ U _fconsistent.In this condition, can judge to go bad at the normal of the oil used, and can determine that the residue use amount of first time measurement represents the real surplus use amount at the oil used, or be called remaining actual use amount.

Like this, from above-mentioned step j, the inventive method continues there is following step:

K) from the curve of the electrical properties estimated, the first use amount U identical according to this _idecide the electrical properties EP of this expectation of first time at the oil used _t,i(P), it is compared to from measuring the electrical properties EP that first time of obtaining measures for the first time _t,i(M), and set up this oil first time estimate normalized residue utilization rate be R _p,i=[EP _{t, i}(P)-EP _{t, S}]/[EP _t,N-EP _t,S], and the residue use amount that first time is estimated is R _p,iΔ U _f.

Simultaneously also can obtain conclusion: if the first time of this oil the residue use amount measured be analogous to the residue use amount that first time estimates, then judge at the oil used water-free normal rotten and determine that residue use amount that first time measures represents the real surplus use amount at the oil used.

When applying above-mentioned conclusion, the similarity of the residue use amount of the oil estimated with first time that first time measures can easily from determining that a predetermined threshold values defines.

Must it is clear that, the residue utilization rate R that estimates of above-mentioned first time _p,iwith the residue utilization rate R that first time measures _m,ithe change [EP according to electrical properties _t,N-EP _t,S] and the range (U of use amount _s-U _n) between there is linear relationship hypothesis derive, so the primary residue use amount R measured _{m, i}Δ U _fto one of real surplus use amount approximate value closely.

If also must it is clear that when there is not linear relationship between the change and use amount range of electrical properties, the residue utilization rate R ' of a normalized oil also can be derived.

But, no matter the oil used measurement with the temperature compensated electrical properties EP estimated _tand EP (M) _t(P) which kind of shape curve is, first time of this oil the real surplus use amount measured always can be correct be expressed as Δ U _m=(U _s-U _m)=(U _s-U _i), U _mfor the actual use amount that the first time of this oil measures.As shown in Figure 14, U _iin the actual used mileage number of oil institute used first use amount that is oil during i for i or used time, its first time simultaneously corresponded to when oil normal rotten measure with the electrical properties EP of expectation _t,iand EP (M) _t,i(P).The real surplus use amount that such first time is estimated is Δ U _p=(U _s-U _p)=(U _s-U _i), it is equal to the real surplus use amount Δ U of first time measurement _m=(U _s-U _m)=(U _s-U _i), because the actual use amount U that first time measures _mwith the actual use amount U estimated _pequal the first use amount U of oil _i.This real surplus use amount also just demonstrating the normal rotten of oil and confirm oil.

Then the curve measured from Figure 14 again, until the first use amount U _itime estimate character EP _t(P) and measure character EP _t(M) consistent, this represent the rotten of the oil used is develop under the mode estimated.But by following discussion, known at the first use amount U _itime imminent situation cause the electrical properties EP of measurement _t(M) numerical value is different from anticipated nature EP _t(P) numerical value.

Figure 15 describes that to detect when the oil used contains moisture abnormal rotten.And the phenomenon having moisture in oil is to the first use amount U _itime just occur.As described in Figure, and for the first time the electrical properties EP that the representative oil moisture-free estimated normally goes bad _t,i(P) compare, the character of measurement has the electrical properties EP from measuring the first time measurement obtained for the first time _t,i(M) to from the electrical properties EP measuring the second time that obtains for the second time and measure _{t, i, w}(M) a reality so changes.Then from use amount be the first use amount U _istart, the electrical properties curve of measurement as one man, is abreast separated with the curve estimated.

In order at large describe above-mentioned phenomenon, Figure 16 to be exaggerated in Figure 15 electrical properties at the first use amount U of independent variable _iplay the curve of that a part of electrical properties of change suddenly, but use the time used as independent variable in figure 16.Figure 16 situation about describing can be used to judge there is moisture in oil.Such as in the parts of an internal combustion engine, due to internal combustion engine coolant seal suddenly, a small amount of partly damage and cause a small amount of chilled water to enter into suddenly grease-box, this just causes the electrical properties of the measurement of corresponding flip-flop in Figure 16.Perhaps can infer the fact causing above-mentioned electrical properties to change by other reason, but entering of water is the most likely reason causing this flip-flop.Because the specific inductive capacity of water is significantly, about the degree of 3 to 4 times, is greater than the specific inductive capacity of oil.

When there being moisture in oil, the electrical impedance of the first capacitive sensor detected can be reduced, or the voltage on this sensor, and the electric current by this sensor added accordingly.Like this, the fact having suddenly moisture in oil causes the unexpected change of the electrical properties of the first capacitive sensor detected.With by the electrical properties EP estimated _t(P) the normal metamorphic facies ratio of the oil representated by, the electrical properties that the second time that the second time measurement from this suddenly change obtains is measured shows the metamorphic grade of undue oil.

Again as shown in Figure 16, at time interval Δ t _iin first service time t _itime, from the electrical properties EP measuring the first time measurement obtained for the first time _t,i(M) as electrical impedance or voltage suddenly drop to the electrical properties EP from measuring the second time measurement obtained for the second time _{t, i, w}(M), wherein subscript w representative has moisture.Figure 16 also shows, in this time interval, the electrical properties curve of measurement unceasingly along the initial slope of curve, in other words along first service time t _ithe form that the initial properties that before exists changes and reducing.This is because in oil, there is the mobile equilibrium of the water yield, namely excessive moisture causes a small amount of moisture of sustainable existence constant in the oil used by evaporating.

With Figure 16 describe at shorter time interval Δ t _iin the phenomenon that exists of water compare, Figure 15 describes the electrical properties compared to estimating especially, how to cause the change of the temperature compensated electrical properties of measurement when Water in oil, and the change of the residue use amount of corresponding oil.

As shown in Figure 15, from the first use amount U _ishi Qi, the electrical properties EP at the oil used being mixed with constant moisture of measurement _t(M) with the electrical properties EP of the moisture free oil estimated _t(P) the identical situation changed with the change of use amount is equally presented.Like this, the curve of electrical properties on the estimation, the electrical properties EP of the moisture oil that second time is measured _{t, i, w}(M) it is U that numerical value is equal in use amount _jtime the water-free electrical properties EP of expectation _t,j(P).

Significantly, the electrical properties EP estimated _t,j(P) numerical value is less than the electrical properties EP of first time expectation _{t, i}(P) numerical value.This just means that the electrical properties of the oil being mixed with water as many as is than due use amount U _iwant many use amount U _jtime water-free oil properties.Alternatively compared to by the electrical properties EP estimated for the first time _t,i(P) metamorphic grade of the oil estimated, the oil properties being mixed with water has shown more rotten.U in the first use amount of oil like this _itime, the residue utilization rate measured the second time of the oil being mixed with water is that equaling in the use amount of oil is U _jtime the utilization rate R of oil that estimates _p,j=[EP _t,j(P)-EP _t,S]/[EP _{t, N}-EP _t,S].In addition, the residue use amount that the second time that this utilization rate determines oil is further measured is R _p,jΔ U _f.

Can see, the residue utilization rate R of expectation _p,jthat being less than in the first use amount is U _itime first time estimate residue utilization rate R _p,i.The residue use amount R of the oil of same expectation _{p, j}Δ U _fthe residue use amount R being less than first time expectation _{p, i}Δ U _f.But, oil residue use amount R _{p, i}Δ U _fbe used to the normal metamorphic grade estimating water-free oil.So just can affirm, have water to exist abnormal rotten time, the residue use amount R of oil used that second time is measured _mΔ U _fbe less than the residue use amount R of the oil that the first time when identical first use amount is estimated _pΔ U _f.It must be noted that, above discussion gives a common conclusion, and it is applicable to judge, as long as when the first capacitive sensor detected all is immersed in oil water mixture, and the situation under any circumstance containing moisture in oil.

Like this, the present invention after aforesaid step k, having following step, that judgement causes due to the existence of water at the oil used is abnormal rotten:

1) in second time is measured according to the first actual use amount of oil, repeat the temperature compensated electrical properties that second time measurement that above-mentioned step f to g obtains the first capacitive sensor obtains, which represent the temperature compensated electrical properties measured in the second time of the oil used, and residue utilization rate and the residue use amount of the second time measurement of corresponding oil can be obtained.

If the residue use amount m) measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount R being analogous to first time expectation _{p, i}Δ U _f, then judge at the oil used water-free normal rotten and determine that residue use amount that second time is measured represents the real surplus use amount at the oil used.

When applying above-mentioned conclusion, the similarity of the residue use amount of the oil estimated with first time that second time is measured can easily from determining that a predetermined threshold values defines.

If the residue use amount n) measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount R being less than the oil that first time is estimated _{p, i}Δ U _f, then conclude that containing the abnormal of moisture at the oil used goes bad.

Be appreciated that the conclusion in step m is previous described normally the going bad when the oil used is anhydrous of basis, if the residue use amount R at the oil used namely measured for the first time _{m, i}Δ U _fthe residue use amount R being analogous to first time expectation _{m, i}Δ U _fwhen.Conclusion in step m is also rational, because the residue use amount at the oil used containing the measurement obtained from any one-shot measurement according to the first actual use amount of oil during water in the oil used or electrical properties are necessarily similar to residue use amount or electrical properties that first time estimates.

Residue use amount except above-mentioned utilization oil judges whether exist except moisture in oil, and the present invention can also reach identical conclusion by the real surplus use amount of oil.

Known to Figure 15, due to the existence of water, at the first use amount U of oil _itime through measuring the electrical properties EP that the second time that obtains is measured _{t, i, w}(M) be relative to being U in use amount _jtime estimate residue use amount.Like this, concerning moisture oil, measuring the real surplus use amount obtained for the second time is Δ U _m2=(U _s-U _m2)=(U _s-U _j).Wherein U _m2the actual use amount that the second time of this oil is measured, its electrical properties EP measured relative to second time _{t, i, w}(M), so U _m2=U _j.But the electrical properties EP that first time is estimated _t,i(P) represent at use amount U _itime oil normal rotten, so the real surplus use amount that the first time of the water-free oil using is estimated is Δ U _p=(U _s-U _p)=(U _s-U _i).

The real surplus use amount Δ U of second time measurement significantly _m2the real surplus use amount Δ U of the first time expectation be less than for judging _p.So also just to derive same conclusion: if when the real surplus use amount that second time is measured is less than the real surplus use amount that first time estimates, then had the improper rotten of in the oil used water.Contrary with it, as shown in Figure 15, can easily understand, from relative to primary use amount U _ifirst time or during second time measures, as just judged to also exist normally going bad of the water-free oil using when there is consistance in the real surplus amount measured and estimate.Must it is clear that, the real surplus use amount of the oil of above utilization analyzes the situation that the conclusion obtained is specially adapted to not exist at the electrical properties of the oil used and its use amount linear relationship.

In addition, the present invention can also utilize and measure the electrical properties obtained for the second time and to judge in the oil used containing moisture:

Observe at the oil 22 used containing moisture, as met the situation of one of the following:

The temperature compensated electrical properties that second time is measured presents unexpected change, and this change shows has the rotten of additional levels compared to the metamorphic grade of the oil estimated by the electrical properties Curves estimated for the first time;

The temperature compensated electrical properties that second time is measured has a numerical value, and it is different from the numerical value predetermined by the electrical properties estimated when the use amount of identical oil.The difference of this numerical value, shows and has the rotten of additional levels than the metamorphic grade of the oil judged by the electrical properties estimated for the first time.

Figure 17 shows the electrical properties EP that another application of the present invention is estimated _timproper rotten when detecting water in oil.Shown in figure, at time interval Δ t=(t _j-t _i) inner, relative to same second service time t _j, the phenomenon that there occurs result in the inconsistent with the curve estimated of measurement, includes at moment t _jtime second time measure electrical properties EP _t,j(M) be the character EP being less than second time expectation _t,j(P), wherein t _ithe first service time, t _jit was the second service time.This phenomenon and above-mentioned conclusion: first service time t _itime contradicting with the electrical properties estimated of measuring of identical first time.In this case, in oil, water can be judged by the speed of the change in electrical properties of the speed of the change in electrical properties of more different measurements and expectation.Exactly, the electrical properties curve of the oil of measurement presents the speed faster in the direction towards oil deterioration.Speed certainly can by Δ EP _t/ Δ t represents, compared with the metamorphic grade of oil judged with the electrical properties estimated like this, the fact of the speed faster obtained from the electrical properties measured just shows the excessive rotten of oil.

Can infer, a possible reason is water yield increase in time and increase and cause above-mentioned phenomenon in oil.It can occur in such as waterstop ring enough large breakage, and causes a large amount of water to enter into oil system, and this just destroys the mobile equilibrium of the water yield in oil as described in Figure 16.

Be appreciated that if not moisture in oil time, can according to second time measure temperature compensated electrical properties and the similarity of the electrical properties estimated from the corresponding second time in the curve estimated decide second service time t _j.But in the above-mentioned time interval, if during Water in oil, must have the mode of another nominal time or device calculate since first service time t _ithe used use amount comprising service time risen.The second use amount can be determined like this, the character EP that second time is estimated can be determined successively _t,j, and conclusion disclosed in Figure 17 can be made (P).The mode that this second is demarcated or device include one in order to calculate vehicle wheel revolution, or the sensor of I. C. engine crankshaft revolution calculates used mileage number, or the digital time calculation element in a microprocessor measures the used time, the generator comprising metering one internal combustion engine exports the time of electric energy.

Except except the situation described in Figure 16 and 17, Figure 18 describes the situation that another kind of water may exist in oil.Shown in figure, all show identical numerical value at the curve of the measurement of initial moment or expectation, but the electrical properties EP that second time is measured _{t, j}(M) the moment t used second _jtime exceeded one estimate electrical properties curve on, at moment t _etime the extreme value EP of prespecified electrical properties _t(P _e).Curve in figure also show, at moment t _jearly than the use moment t at predetermined oil _ewhen, the electrical properties that second time is measured has exceeded the ultimate value of this regulation.Certainly, for differentiating early than the phenomenon occurred except also can expressing with the mileage number used with except the time used.This fact early than occurring also is a kind of instruction to water in oil.

Such basis describing in Figure 17 and 18, the claim steps that method of the present invention also comprises the following any one after abovementioned steps g of application concludes that use oil is containing moisture:

The electrical properties measured for the first time and for the second time shows the rotten speed of the oil in use relative to the first and second use amounts at the oil used, be different from the rotten speed of oil desired by electrical properties estimated by first time and second time, and this difference shows and has the rotten of additional levels than the metamorphic grade of the oil judged by the electrical properties estimated;

The numerical value of temperature compensated electrical properties that second time is measured has exceeded the extreme value specified by the electrical properties Curves estimated, and the phenomenon of this extreme value that exceeds the estimates occurred early than the moment by the predetermined generation of the electrical properties Curves estimated.

Curve in Figure 19 shows and uses moment t first _itime, the temperature compensated electrical properties that first time measures also exists an initial abnormal EP _{t, i, a}(M).Then the moment t used second _jtime got back to the numerical value EP that second time estimates _t,j(P).This phenomenon can appear at when there is a small amount of condensate water in lubricating oil, has started in the initial a few minutes after a cold internal combustion engine.When do not start or just starting internal combustion engines time, because the existence of water, the electrical impedance of oil or voltage can lower than the numerical value estimated.When internal combustion engine operation after a few minutes, the temperature of machinery raises and condensate water evaporates from oil, so just makes the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that second time is measured _{t, j}(M) the normal value EP that second time is estimated is returned to _t,j(P).

According to above-mentioned situation, the present invention has again a detection in the method for the Water in oil used, and comprises step:

The oil 22 used providing one to place in cold crank case of internal combustion engine in aforesaid step a, starting internal combustion engines, if the electrical properties of the temperature compensation of the measured oil that first time measures presents exception at first in step g, the metamorphic grade which represent the oil judged than the Curves by the electrical properties estimated has the rotten of undue oil, can determine in measured oil containing moisture.

At Figure 16, in 17,18 and 19 describe disclose according to measuring resistance resist obtain with voltage, with judge oil improper rotten curve.If but judge the improper rotten curve of the oil of being correlated with measurement electric current, can derive according to the base curve in Fig. 8.

First embodiment of disclosed the inventive method applies the structure of dual sensor above, includes one and is immersed in and is immersed in the second capacitive sensor C2 for reference in reference oil to obtain the temperature compensated electrical properties of measured oil for the first capacitive sensor C1 and detected in the tested oil using.The structure of application dual sensor, method of the present invention can obtain the residue use amount R of the measurement of measured oil quantitatively _mΔ U _for real surplus use amount Δ U _m.Apply this residue use amount, the present invention can distinguish going bad when having moisture and do not have moisture in the oil used further.

Figure 23 describes the improvement to the first above-mentioned implementation method, comprises and applies at least two detecting sensors and their corresponding capacitive sensor.That includes first at least two detecting sensors and second detecting sensor, they can be installed in privileged sites different in lubricating oil system.Than as if there is the crankcase 34 as first position separately at the diesel engine of locomotive engine or steamer, as the oil groove 38 at second position, and to be connected in their petroleum pipeline 36.First embodiment of such improvement can monitor the distribution whether having oil deterioration uneven in oil system, can detect moisture especially and whether be gathered in some privileged site in oil system.

In this improved plan, as shown in figure 23, first at least two detecting sensors and second detecting sensor can combine with same reference sensor.Or first at least two sensors or second detecting sensor can be independent with one reference sensor match.These two kinds of selections can obtain that the second time of two measured oils of first and second privileged site corresponding to first and second sensor institute device measures with residue use amount that is for the first time expectation.Compared with the residue use amount that the residue use amount measured by the second time of these two measured oils like this and first time are estimated, can conclude:

1) if the residue use amount measured of two second time at the oil used with first time the residue use amounts estimated roughly the same, judge being uniformly distributed of oil deterioration in oil system, with 2) if different compared with the residue use amount measured of two second time at the oil used and the first time residue use amount estimated, judge the non-uniform Distribution of oil deterioration in oil system.

It must be noted that, for said circumstances 2) in difference, whether be the residue use amount due to first time estimated and the difference of residue use amounts whole two second time measured, or the difference of residue use amount that the residue use amount estimated due to first time and some second time are measured if can analyze further.Like this according to spirit of the present invention and object, uneven the going bad be disclosed in whole oil system is apparent, therefore there is omitted herein describing in detail this announcement.

It must be noted that in addition, again, the first embodiment of improvement also can have the at least two sensors the 3rd detecting sensor to monitor the distribution of oil deterioration in oil system.

Figure 20 discloses the device schematic diagram that the present invention detects the second embodiment of oil deterioration method.This device only uses a detecting sensor 26, and represents the tested electrical properties at the oil 22 used by the electrical properties of the capacitive sensor C1 measuring this sensor.This electrical properties is temperature compensated, can according to aforesaid method, or the method that any phase is willing to, after such as measuring the temperature of oil, application of compensation factors is come to compensate the electrical properties measured.Therefore, this second embodiment includes following claim steps:

A) provide one containing moisture use oil 22.It is placed in the oil accumulator of the machinery oil system including oil groove, such as, in the crankcase 34 of internal combustion engine or a container of piezoelectric transformer;

B) one detecting sensor 26 being provided, that includes a capacitive sensor C1 for detecting;

C) sensor 26 is placed in oil system, its capacitive sensor C1 is immersed in the oil 22 used;

D) with the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first time that a measurement mechanism measures this capacitive sensor in first time measures measures, this character is following any one: the electrical impedance of capacitive sensor C1; By the electric current of capacitive sensor C1; Voltage on capacitive sensor C1, which represent the temperature compensated electrical properties EP measured in the first time of the oil used _t,i(M).

In addition, except the temperature compensated electrical properties of the measurement following above-mentioned step to obtain in steps d, the second embodiment also comprises step e:

E) the normal rotten temperature compensated electrical properties EP estimated being reflected in the oil of use is set up _t(P) curve, it comprise when the water-free measured oil using be do not used time electrical properties EP _{t, N}with when water-free use oil by the electrical properties EP made when having used up _t,S, the gamut setting up the use amount of this oil is Δ U _f=(U _s-U _n), it changes into Δ EP relative to electrical properties _t=(EP _t,N-EP _t,S), wherein letter U represent this use oil actual use amount and be electrical properties EP _tindependent variable, U _nthe actual use amount when the oil used is a fresh oil, U _sbe the oil used be one make to have used up oily time actual use amount, and U _ithe first use amount of this oil, its correspondence this electrical properties EP _t,i(M).

Once establish the electrical properties EP of expectation _t(P) curve, second embodiment of the invention can apply all claims in the first embodiment, comprise the second time comparing and measuring the oil of the two kinds of forms obtained with the residue use amount estimated remain use amount R Δ U and real surplus use amount Δ U size and judge oil go bad whether have water or anhydrous exist time occurred.The residue use amount that the second time of further affirmative when oil is not moisture is measured is the real surplus use amount equaling oil, and the deterioration rate D of confirmable oil.

Other second embodiment also can comprehensively at Figure 16, in 17,18 and 19 abnormal rotten all forms of expression of oil of describing.But, in order to shorten length of the present invention, all strategies once elaborated in the first embodiment can not repeated description more in this second embodiment.

Must it is again noted that according to spirit of the present invention and object, the second embodiment also comprises the electrical properties of application resistance and capacitive impedance.

Have again, the second embodiment also can be applicable to and come, to the full oil system monitoring of machinery, to comprise the distribution whether having uneven oil deterioration for first scheme at least two detecting sensors used described in Figure 23.

The method of II, detection oil level

As everyone knows, in the operational process of mechanical ratio as internal combustion engine, lubricating oil can be consumed because of use.This just causes the oil mass be placed in oil system to reduce and the reduction of oil level.When oil mass is reduced to less than the minimum value usually specified by machine-building business, the moving component of machinery just can not be effectively protected.Therefore be necessary very much to provide a method, it can detect the oil level when the oil mass of the oil used has been reduced to minimum value immediately.

Described in Fig. 9, when on the vertical tank wall that detecting sensor 26 is mounted in I. C. engine crankshaft fuel tank, it is be immersed in the tested oil 22 using for the first capacitive sensor C1 detected, and when being minimum value with oil mass, the position 44 of oil level is consistent.Like this when oil level is reduced to oil level when oil mass is minimum value, the first capacitive sensor detected is not be just immersed in measured oil completely.This time, capacitive sensor compared with lower part by use the filling of oily institute, and its comparatively upper part by the filling of air institute.Compared with when being immersed in measured oil completely with this capacitive sensor like this, the change of the electrical properties that partition capacitance sensor can be caused this capacitive sensor temperature compensated by the situation of oily institute filling.So this physical state just judges, at the oil level of the oil used, to include the possibility of oil level when oil mass is minimum value from the corresponding abnormal electrical properties detecting at least two detecting sensors be placed in corresponding oil level position to the invention provides.

Following describes, and first the method that the single detecting sensor of application detects oil level when oil mass is minimum value is discussed.The method still have followed that above-mentioned comparison detects with strategy that the is residue use amount of the oil estimated.

As everyone knows, it is C that the capacitor be made up of two parallel plates has electric capacity _p=ε S/d.Wherein ε is dielectric specific inductive capacity, and S is dull and stereotyped useful area, and d is the distance between two flat boards.

First the electric capacity of more same capacitor under two kinds of different situations is carried out: (1) is if this capacitor has been filled with DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε ₁the first dielectric time electric capacity C _p1(2) if being filled with specific inductive capacity is ε ₂the second dielectric time electric capacity C _p2.Can affirm, electric capacity C _p1and C _p2difference and DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε ₁and ε ₂difference be directly proportional.

The conclusion that different dielectric causes different electric capacity is filled with according to above-mentioned same capacitor, and the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of air _abe less than the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε that (be approximately 2-3 doubly) oily medium comprises mineral oil and silicate-containing oil terrifically.The fact (such information can arbitrarily obtain everywhere, such as obtains in the website of the .com of Clpperconhol), so be filled with the electric capacity C of the same capacitor of air _p2the electric capacity C being less than this capacitor being filled with oil _p1.Equally, the electrical impedance Z of this capacitor of air can be certainly filled with ₂be greater than electrical impedance Z when being filled with oil ₁.In addition, if employ constant current source to measure, voltage V ₂be greater than voltage V ₁if, and measure with constant pressure source, the electric current I flow through ₂be less than the electric current I flow through ₁.

Compare now the electric capacity C of same capacitor in other two kinds of situations _psize: (1) part of this capacitor when the first situation be filled with use oil and remaining part be filled with air, and (2) this capacitor when the second situation be filled with fully use oil condition.

When the first situation, the electric capacity C of this capacitor _p1the electric capacity C having summed up an air condenser _p1(a)=ε _as _athe electric capacity C of/d and an oil impregnated capacitor _p1(o)=ε _os _o/ d.Wherein S _aby the useful area of the flat board of the part of air filling, S _oby the useful area of the flat board of the part of oily filling, certain S is and (S _o+ S _a) equal.

If the electric capacity C of this capacitor when situation (1) _p1with the electric capacity C when situation (2) _p2ratio, can obtain the ratio C of electric capacity _p1/ C _p2=[ε _as _a/ d+ ε _os _o/ d]/ε _os/d _othis ratio can simply turn to [ε _as _a+ ε _os _o]/ε _os _oby mathematical transformation, this ratio equals: 1-[ε _o-ε _a] S _a/ S _oits ratio known is less than integer 1.

Analytical proof above like this, this capacitor is filled with electric capacity C when air remainder is filled with oil in its part _p1be be less than this capacitor whole fill oily time electric capacity C _p2.

According to this conclusion, can derive the electrical impedance Z of this capacitor when the first situation ₁electrical impedance Z when being greater than the second situation ₂.If the same constant current source that uses is measured, voltage V ₁be greater than voltage V ₂if, and measure with constant pressure source, electric current I ₁be less than electric current I ₂.Known like this, the metamorphic grade of the oil showed time oily compared to this capacitor whole fill.The illusion of a less oil deterioration can be provided when this capacitor part is filled with air and remainder is filled with oil.

Be appreciated that, if derived with capacitive sensor of the present invention also to obtain the identical conclusion with above-mentioned derivation.But be not the derivation with being analogous to aforesaid way in the disclosure, but be set forth in disclosure end, with the consistent experimental result of conclusion of deriving.

According to above-mentioned idea, with reference now to above conclusion, and in conjunction with the expression of Figure 21 and 22, when can see that oil pump capacity reduces to minimum value, how the capacitive sensor of this detection changes the temperature compensated electrical properties of the measurement of institute of the present invention foundation and the residue use amount of oil.Figure 21 describes the electrical properties EP of the measurement of part _t(M) curve, and the electrical properties EP estimated _t(P) curve.The curve of this expectation known and Figure 14 the curve that describes identical.

As described in Figure 21, until use amount is the first use amount U _itime, the electrical properties EP that first time measures _t,i(M) be the EP estimated with first time _t,i(P) consistent.But from U _istart, the electrical properties of measurement is different from the character of expectation.This is because oil mass has reduced to minimum value, has been oil level when being reduced to this minimum value at the oil level of oil used at this time, it is identical with the height of position 44 in fig .9.In this case, the comparatively top of the capacitive sensor C1 of the detection of detecting sensor is filled with air.

Must be pointed out have all situations to result in the capacitive sensor C1 detected and be all immersed in oil.But they always can be summarized as two kinds of situations.The first situation is the minimizing gradually of oil mass, as if use the excessively consumption lubricating oil that machinery causes excessively.Second case is within a period of time, and oil reduces in large quantities, such like an elephant what occur when crankcase leakage of oil.The electrical properties EP of the measurement described in Figure 21 _{t, q}and EP (M2) _{t, i}(M2) be corresponding first and second kinds of above-mentioned situations.

When described the first reduces the situation of oil mass gradually in figure 21, the electrical properties EP that second time is measured _{t, q}(M2) showed and be little by little separated with the electrical properties curve estimated, the electrical impedance of the capacitive sensor C1 of such as this detection or voltage are the increases gradually than estimating.Unlike this when second case reduces rapidly oil mass, second time measure electrical properties EP _{t, i}(M2) unexpected change is presented at short notice.Accordingly, the capacitive sensor C1 of this detection greatly changes towards the direction of the metamorphic grade reducing oil because of the electrical properties making to measure at the oil used that have lost a large amount of fillings, and the electrical impedance such as measured and voltage present unexpected surprising increase.But it must be noted that, it is little by little be reduced to oil level when oil mass is minimum value that the first situation represents most possible situation, the i.e. oil level of oil occurred.So Figure 22 reaches from setting forth this kind of situation the conclusion judging the oil level corresponding with it especially, also comprise the conclusion that oil mass reaches minimum value.This conclusion is also applicable to explain the second situation.

Figure 22 is exaggerated the electrical properties EP that curve was measured from first time _{t, i}(M) at the first use amount U _itime the electrical properties of measurement that starts deviate from the part of anticipated nature.Namely oil use experienced by one section from the first use amount U _ito the second use amount U _quse interval, from the electrical properties EP measuring the second time measurement obtained for the second time _{t, q}(M2) at the second use amount U _qtime the numerical value that shows be greater than the electrical properties EP that second time estimates _t,q(P) numerical value.Must clearly, the character EP of expectation _{t, q}(P) represent at the second use amount U _qtime the normal consumption of normal rotten and oil mass of oil.But by shown in Figure 22, the electrical properties EP that second time is measured _{t, q}(M2) it is U that size equals in the use amount of oil _ktime the electrical properties EP of expectation _{t, k}(P) size.Obvious use amount U _kappearance early than use amount U _qappearance.

Corresponding to above-mentioned situation, the electrical properties EP that second time is measured _t,q(M2) have a residue utilization rate, it equals in use amount is U _ktime the electrical properties EP of expectation _{t, k}(P) the residue utilization rate R determined _k=[EP _t,k(P)-EP _t,S]/[EP _t,N-EP _{t, S}] and residue use amount R _kΔ U _f.

Significantly, the residue utilization rate R estimated _kthe residue utilization rate R being greater than second time expectation _q=[EP _t,q(P)-EP _t,S]/[EP _t,N-EP _{t, S}], this utilization rate R _qcorresponding at the oil used containing moisture with there are enough first capacitive sensor C1 that makes to be immersed in the physical condition of the oil mass in oil.The residue use amount R of this expectation simultaneously _kΔ U _falso be the residue use amount R being greater than second time expectation _qΔ U _f.Can see from above analysis like this: measure the residue use amount R obtained for the second time _kΔ U _fobviously be greater than the residue use amount R that second time is estimated _qΔ U _f.And the residue use amount estimated of second time to represent capacitive sensor be immersed in the oil of use completely, and the sufficient oil mass at this time, the oil level at this time are oil levels when being minimum value higher than oil mass.

A conclusion can be provided like this: if when the second use amount relative to identical oil according to the first situation, the residue use amount of the oil that second time is measured is the residue use amount being greater than second time expectation, determines that at the oil level of the oil used be reduced to oil mass for oil level during minimum value.Certain use amount can be the time of oil use or the mileage number of use.Must be pointed out, be presented above the conclusion of the popularity of an applicable all scenario.This conclusion also includes above-mentioned the second situation when having an inadequate oil mass.In addition, for drawing above conclusion, the mode of the second nominal time or device must be had to determine the second use amount U _q.

But must it is again noted that the inventive method also can additionally obtain as the identical conclusion had about the first situation in above-mentioned.Described in Figure 21 and 22, the second use amount U _qthe electrical properties EP that corresponding second time is estimated _t,q(P).The real surplus use amount that such second time is estimated is Δ U _p2=(U _s-U _p2)=Δ U _q=(U _s-U _q), U _p2for the residue use amount that second time is estimated, but the electrical properties EP that second time is measured _t,q(M2) numerical value equals to correspond at use amount U _ktime the electrical properties EP of expectation _{t, k}(P).The real surplus use amount Δ U that such second time is measured _m2=(U _s-U _m2) be the real surplus use amount Δ U being equal to expectation _k=(U _s-U _k), U _m2for the residue use amount that second time is measured.Significantly, the real surplus use amount Δ U of second time measurement _m2the real surplus use amount Δ U being greater than second time expectation _p2=Δ U _q.If the real surplus use amount that the second time can deriving this oil as above is like this measured is the real surplus use amount being greater than second time expectation, then judge that in the process reduced in oil mass, oil level is reduced to the same conclusion of oil mass as oil level during minimum value.So no matter measure whether linear with the use of the oil relation of temperature compensated electrical properties curve obtained, the solution of the present invention can be inferred in the process reduced in oil mass, the oil level that whether oil level of its correspondence has been reduced to oil mass when being minimum value.

From Figure 21 and 22 also, except applying the residue use amount of oil, oil level when whether the temperature compensated electrical properties can applying the oil that second time is measured equally is reduced to minimum value to estimate oil level.In the example caused by the first situation, the electrical property EP that second time is measured _{t, q}(M2) the electrical properties EP that second time is estimated is different from _t,q(P).And their differential disply, compared to going bad of the oil largely judged by the electrical properties estimated for the second time, illustrate the rotten of the oil of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties measured for the second time.Such the present invention can provide following conclusion to the first situation:

The oil level concluding in oil system has been reduced to oil level when oil mass is minimum value, if the electrical property that the second time of this oil is measured is different from the electrical properties that second time is estimated, but their differential disply, compared to going bad of the oil largely judged by the electrical properties estimated for the second time, illustrate the rotten of the oil of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties measured for the second time.

In the second case reduced in large quantities by the oil shown in Figure 21, the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that second time is measured _{t, i}(M2) equal relative to actual use amount U _xtime the electrical properties EP of expectation _t,x(P).Like this according to the electrical properties EP that second time is measured _t,i(M2) the residue use amount that the second time obtained is measured equals R _p,xΔ U _f, be greater than significantly by the electrical properties EP estimated for the first time _t,i(P) the residue use amount R that the first time desired by is estimated _{p, i}Δ U _f.In addition, relative to the character EP that second time is measured _t,i(M2) the real surplus use amount Δ U that second time is measured _m2equal (U _s-U _x).It is also be greater than the electrical properties EP by estimating for the first time significantly _t,i(P) the real surplus use amount Δ U of the first time expection desired by _p=(U _s-U _i).

From above analysis, can make following has the necessary condition of the multiple judgement about the oil level when the oil level of the oil used has been reduced to the minimum value of oil: (1) is if the residue use amount of oil that second time is measured is the residue use amount being greater than the oil that first time is estimated; (2) if the real surplus use amount of the oil of second time measurement is the real surplus use amount being greater than the oil that first time is estimated; (3) if the temperature compensated electrical properties that second time is measured is different from the electrical properties of first time expectation.And their differential disply, compared to going bad of the oil largely judged by the electrical properties estimated for the first time, illustrate the rotten of the oil of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties measured for the second time.

Electrical properties curve in Figure 21 and 22 represents the curve of electrical impedance and voltage.If the electrical properties measured is electric current, its curve as shown in Figure 8.Same electrical properties also can be resistance in electrical impedance or capacitive impedance.

Figure 24 shows the improvement to above-mentioned measurement oil level embodiment, namely applies at least two detecting sensors 26.They are the oil level changes being vertically positioned in the full oil level that such as crankcase tank wall is used in display crankcase 34.Such as, in this embodiment, at least two detecting sensors the capacitive sensor C1 of detection of first detecting sensor be positioned to position 40 contour.This position is the oil level a little less than having when being filled with specified full capacity oil when crankcase.The capacitive sensor C1 of the detection of second sensor at least two detecting sensors is contour by the oil level 42 put when being minimum value with oil mass.

The change procedure of oil level when the respective capacitive sensor of at least two detecting sensors can be reduced to minimum value to oil level from the oil level of full oil mass like this provides respective information.Thus mechanical user can take to arrange the measure of working as to make it avoid damaging to protect machinery.In addition, the 3rd at least two sensors also can be arranged on a position lower than oil level during minimum value.In the embodiment that this is above-mentioned, each sensor at least two sensors can in conjunction with an independent reference sensor.Or as shown in figure 24, at least two sensors can in conjunction with same reference sensor 28.Or several temperature compensated electrical properties obtained in conjunction with a reference sensor in each detecting sensor corresponding of at least two sensors.Be appreciated that, comprise embodiment spirit all according to the invention and the object of above-mentioned all distortion.

It must be noted that, the present invention that the embodiment of oil level of oil amount determination when being minimum limitation also can be used on as described in Figure 20 that is used for more than described only uses in the second embodiment of a detecting sensor.At that time, the capacitive sensor C1 of the detection of this detecting sensor is on the position 44 that when to be placed in oil mass be minimum value, oil level is contour.In addition, second embodiment of the invention also can monitor the change of the oil level of full oil mass after can adopting that show as Figure 24, that namely above the first embodiment described uses at least plural detecting sensor.But no longer repeat the detailed explanation to application so herein.

In the situation of oil, also there is a kind of situation of small probability, namely a large amount of moisture occur simultaneously and enters into suddenly oil system and oil cup produces significant leakage of oil.The present invention does not prepare to be discussed this state in the disclosure.But can it is clear that according to spirit of the present invention and object, the situation of this small probability still can be differentiated.

Example

Following discloses be the present invention for test, have and have the capacitive sensor of Integrated electrode to encourage an example of the sample detecting lubricating oil and the situation of experiment at the alternating voltage of single-frequency about application.This example and experiment is provided to be only to elaboration of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.

One is that the plate applying three aldarys is used as corresponding electrode for the capacitive sensor detected.The thickness of each metal sheet is about 1 millimeter, and it has the shape being similar to table tennis bat.This plate includes the part on one of plate top with the strip on top and is connected to a rectangular part in plate bottom, and the part of strip is alignd with the long axis of symmetry of rectangular segment.The top of strip part is used as the top of this plate.Significantly, rectangular part provides the useful area of sensor electrode, and the part of strip is used as the rectangular segment of leading electrical and mechanical connection bottom.Be appreciated that, it is rectangular shape that the low portion of plate not only limits, and in fact any rational shape is all spirit according to the invention and object.

Long 30 mm wide 15 millimeters of rectangular segment, its long axis of symmetry has near its horizontal base place the hole bottom.Long 20 millimeters of strip part, and the hole at a top is being had apart from 15 millimeters, its top place.There is a mark rectangular segment junction simultaneously close to itself and bottom in strip part.

These three plates upwards, parallel and arrange aligned with each otherly and become the right, plate that the is middle and left side, two nylon materials fill out circle be placed in the left side and between the plate of centre, and respectively with the hole aligning in top and bottom of two plates.Two same nylon fill out circle be placed in the right and between the plate of centre, and respectively with the hole aligning of top and bottom.Each nylon is filled out circle and is thickly about 1.5 millimeters, is used as the spacer between plate.Be each passed through after corresponding nylon fills out the hole of circle and top and bottom at the screw of the nylon material of top and bottom in addition, fixed by corresponding two nylon screw caps.This capacitive sensor has the clearance being approximately 1 millimeter half like this, and this gap is used to the flowing ensureing lubricating oil.The screw of nylon and screw cap are used to ensure that the gap when capacitive sensor is immersed in oil the vibrations being subject to internal combustion engine operation, between every two panels plate can not change, so this screw and screw cap are used as stationary installation.Being connected abreast by the first wire with the top of the plate on the right of the left side and as the first pole of sensor, middle plate is connected by the second wire and as the second pole of sensor.

A homemade alternating current driver telltale has used the element of the integrated wafer AB-112 (Analog Devices Inc, Massachusetts, United States) including Wien bridge oscillator to assemble.After have adjusted electrical parameter, this integrated wafer outputs the alternating voltage that frequency is 7.25 thousand hertz, and its VRMS voltage root mean square is 5.40 volts.This voltage measures by the digital multifunctional instrument (RadiShack, model 22-168A) of the radio chivalrous person trade mark, and have passed through again with an oscillographic checking.

Test two kinds of oily samples in an experiment.The first sample is fresh oil and original oil, and the second sample is used oil.It is below the step making this oil samples.First have purchased the commercial lubricating oil of the many bottles of same trades mark, then they being mixed becomes a mixed uniformly initial samples.Take a small amount of initial samples to be used as the sample of fresh oil, the oil sample namely not containing pollutant.Get and be about four and the initial samples of 1/2nd liters is injected in the lubricating oil system of a minibus, minibus has travelled after 5,000 miles by the time, collects the oil of this use.Then from the oil collected, take out the oil sample of a small amount of oil as used oil, in this oil sample, contain the pollutant of with good grounds definition of the present invention like this.

Recomposition one test circuit, be namely a voltage divider, comprise and be connected to this capacitive sensor the resistive element having 10 megohms resisted as reference resistance.In this test circuit, the first extraction pole of sensor is connected with the output stage of integrated wafer, and the second extraction pole of sensor is connected to one end of resistive element.And the other end of resistive element is connected to ground.

In the measurements, measure the root-mean-square value of the voltage that the root-mean-square value of voltage on a sensor and reference resistance resist by digital multifunctional instrument, the electrical impedance of such sensor just can calculate according to the root-mean-square value of the voltage measured.

The order of experiment measuring is the sensor first measured blank sensor, be namely filled with air, then measures the sensor being filled with original oil sample, finally measures the sensor being filled with used oil sample.When measurement is filled with the sensor of corresponding oil sample, the rectangular lower part of sensor is immersed in corresponding oil sample, and the end face of corresponding oil sample touches the mark in the strip part of sensor.In addition before measurement is filled with the sensor of used oil, first repeatedly wash with the oil sample of used oil the sensor that first pre-test crosses the oil sample not using oil.Two above-mentioned steps are adopted to be errors in order to reduce experiment.

It is 31.0 megohms that the result of experiment shows the blank electrical impedance of namely filling the sensor being filled with air, and the electrical impedance being filled with the sensor of fresh oil is 24.8 megohms, and the electrical impedance being filled with used oil is 23.9 megohms.The result specific inductive capacity that is consistent with the conclusion that above-mentioned theory is derived, even filling medium in-between the electrodes of experiment is higher, then the electrical impedance of corresponding sensor is lower.Be appreciated that if the specific inductive capacity of three kinds of more tested media simultaneously, air be minimum, original oil be middle, and used oil for the highest, namely because the pollutant in use produced.

Like this, above-mentioned experimental fact demonstrates capacitive sensor of the present invention under the effect of voltage having single-frequency alternating current, can be used for detecting at the rotten of the oil used and oil level.

According to above disclosed capacitive sensor, have also been attempted the capacitive sensor of an improvement in an experiment.Its multiple holes had on the rectangular segment of every block plate are used for increasing oily flowing.In addition, the clearance of the strip part from the top of strip part to nylon screw position has been filled with polymeric hardener resin, and object is the effective surface area in order to constant capacitance sensor.Because comprise internal combustion engine as when detecting when sensor is put into a machinery, lubricating oil can connect separates this surface area.

Moreover except the space electrode that above-mentioned disclosed sensor is all, corresponding thick membrane electrode or membrane electrode are also suitable for for building sensor of the present invention.This kind of electrode disposes comprise aluminium oxide at corresponding pottery or siliceously to comprise on the substrate of silicon crystal, and above-mentioned can be comprise the electric conductor be printed on corresponding pottery or silica substrate for corresponding first and second wires be electrically connected.

The present invention of course not attempts to limit the invention to a certain specific form in discussion herein or arranges or any special embodiment or any special application.Because they all can be modified to multiple special case and structural relation following under above-mentioned spirit of the present invention and object.Device that is shown and that describe or method, be only that attempt illustrates and disclose a kind of exercisable embodiment above, instead of attempt to represent all various forms and remodeling that the present invention may be implemented or operate.

Claims

1. one kind is detected the sensor of oil level and oil deterioration, it is characterized in that comprising: have one first detecting sensor, it contains the first capacitive sensor, this first capacitive sensor has first, second with the electrode of the 3rd identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel, each electrode has a top and bottom, first and the 3rd electrode be outer electrode, be used as by one that first wire of the first extraction pole is parallel to be connected to its corresponding top and to define the Integrated electrode of first group, second electrode is the internal electrode in centre position, its top is connected to by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole, this first detecting sensor is positioned in the oil system of a machinery, this oil system includes the oil used that one does not contain moisture, this first capacitive sensor is immersed in this oil.

2. sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the electrode of that this first capacitive sensor has odd number individual, identical en plaque, they be equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel, in these electrodes, the electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by the first wire that is used as the first extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of first group, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of second group.

3. sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this first capacitive sensor has spacer between two electrodes, and has the stationary installation of fixing these three electrodes.

4. sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this electrode is thick membrane electrode, it is disposed on the substrate of pottery, or this electrode is membrane electrode, it is disposed on siliceous substrate, and described be printed on the electric conductor on corresponding pottery or siliceous substrate for the corresponding wire be electrically connected.

5. sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this detecting sensor also has an outer cover having porous.

6. sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this first capacitive sensor is on the contour position of oil level when to be placed in the oil mass of this oil system be minimum value.

7. sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: an alternating current analytical equipment be connected to this first capacitive sensor and to its be applied with one have single-frequency, the electric excitation signal of alternating current to obtain the electrical properties having temperature compensation of this first capacitive sensor, thus detects this metamorphic grade at the oil level of the oil used and oil.

8. sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a measurement mechanism be connected to this first capacitive sensor and to its be applied with one have single-frequency, the electric excitation signal of periodic current to obtain the electrical properties having temperature compensation of this first capacitive sensor, thus detects this metamorphic grade at the oil level of the oil used and oil.

9. sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this machinery is internal combustion engine or transmitting transformer.

10. sensor according to claim 7, is characterized in that: this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current, voltage, capacitive impedance, resistance and phase place.

11. sensors according to claim 8, is characterized in that: this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current and voltage.

12. sensors according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that:

A) the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first time obtaining this first capacitive sensor in first time measures measures, this electrical properties represents the temperature compensated electrical properties of this measurement of first time at the oil used;

B) the temperature compensated electrical properties measured with this first time compares, from this use oil one estimate temperature compensated electrical properties curve, obtain relative to the first actual use amount of this oil this oil first time estimate temperature compensated electrical properties, and first time estimate residue use amount;

C) relative to the first actual use amount of oil that this is using, the temperature compensated electrical properties that the second time obtaining this oil in second time is measured is measured, and the residue use amount that second time is measured;

If the residue use amount d) should measured in the second time of the oil used be the residue use amount estimated the first time being analogous to this oil, then judged the water-free normal rotten of this oil and determined that residue use amount that this second time is measured represented the real surplus use amount of this oil;

If the residue use amount e) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being less than this oil, then what judge this oil contains the abnormal rotten of moisture; With

If the residue use amount f) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being greater than this oil, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

13. sensors according to claim 12, is characterized in that:

G) reference sensor is had, it contains the capacitive sensor of a reference, the capacitive sensor of this reference is same as this first capacitive sensor and is immersed in a reference oil, this reference oil includes water-free fresh oil, or the water-free oil making to have used up, or the water-free oil partly employed, it has with being somebody's turn to do at the identical thermal property of the oil used, this reference oil is sealed in a container, and this reference oil and the oil be somebody's turn to do using all be disposed in the environment having identical temperature; With

H) this device is connected to the capacitive sensor of this reference and is applied with this electric excitation signal to it, in conjunction with from this first and this reference capacitive sensor in the electrical properties that obtains thus obtain the temperature compensated electrical properties of the first time measurement of this first capacitive sensor in first time measures.

14. sensors according to claim 12, is characterized in that:

If the temperature compensated electrical properties i) should measured in the second time of the oil used be the electrical properties estimated the first time being analogous to this oil, then judged the water-free normal rotten of this oil and determined that residue use amount that this second time is measured represented the real surplus use amount of this oil;

If the temperature compensated electrical properties j) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the electrical properties estimated the first time being less than this oil, then what judge this oil contains the abnormal rotten of moisture; With

If the temperature compensated electrical properties k) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the electrical properties estimated the first time being greater than this oil, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

15. sensors according to claim 12, is characterized in that:

L) a real surplus use amount should measured in the second time of the oil used is defined;

M) a real surplus use amount should estimated in the first time of the oil used is defined;

If the real surplus use amount n) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the real surplus use amount estimated the first time being analogous to this oil, then judges the water-free normal rotten of this oil and determine the real surplus use amount that this second time is measured;

If the real surplus use amount o) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the real surplus use amount estimated the first time being less than this oil, then what judge this oil contains the abnormal rotten of moisture; With

If the real surplus use amount p) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the real surplus use amount estimated the first time being greater than this oil, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

16. sensors according to claim 12, is characterized in that:

Q) a kind of mode of calibration and usage amount or device is had to calculate since this first actual use amount using measure used to comprise service time at the oil used is to determine the second actual use amount;

R) relative to the second actual use amount of oil that this is using, second time measure in obtain this oil second time measure temperature compensated electrical properties and second time measure residue use amount or real surplus use amount, from this use oil expectation temperature compensated electrical properties curve, obtain successively relative to the second actual use amount of this oil this oil second time estimate temperature compensated electrical properties and second time estimate residue use amount or real surplus use amount;

If the residue use amount s) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount that the second time being greater than this oil is estimated, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value;

If the real surplus use amount that t) second time of this oil is measured is the real surplus use amount that the second time being greater than this oil is estimated, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value;

If the electrical properties that the second time that the electrical properties u) should measured in the second time of the oil used is different from this oil is estimated, but rotten compared to this oil largely of being judged by the electrical properties estimated for the second time of their differential disply, illustrate the rotten of this oil of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties measured for the second time, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value;

If the rotten speed that v) should show this oil with the electrical properties measured for the second time relative to the first and second actual use amounts of this oil in the first time of the oil used is different from by the rotten speed of first time with this oil desired by the electrical properties estimated for the second time, and this difference shows and has the rotten of additional levels than the metamorphic grade of this oil judged by the electrical properties estimated, then judge abnormal rotten containing moisture of this oil; With

If the numerical value of temperature compensated electrical properties w) should measured in the second time of the oil used has exceeded the predetermined extreme value on the electrical properties curve of the expectation of this oil, and this phenomenon exceeding this predetermined extreme value occurred early than the moment corresponding to this extreme value, on the electrical properties curve of this expectation, then judging going bad containing the abnormal of moisture of this oil.

17. sensors according to claim 16, it is characterized in that: which or device have one in order to calculate the sensor of vehicle wheel revolution, or calculate the sensor of I. C. engine crankshaft revolution, or the digital time calculation element in a microprocessor measures the used time, the generator comprising metering one internal combustion engine exports the time of electric energy.

18. sensors according to claim 12, is characterized in that:

X) the second detecting sensor being same as this first detecting sensor is had, it contains the second capacitive sensor being same as this first capacitive sensor for detecting, this first and second detecting sensor is positioned in first and second positions in this oil system, this first capacitive sensor be immersed in first position of this oil system use oil in, this second capacitive sensor be immersed in second position of this oil system use oil in, and on the contour position of the oil level that this first and second capacitive sensor is positioned in the oil mass in this oil system when being minimum value, these first and second positions use oil have identical temperature, this alternating current analytical equipment is connected to this first and second capacitive sensor and is applied with this electric excitation signal to obtain this first and second capacitive sensor in the first time relative to the first actual use amount at this first and second position the residue use amount estimated and the residue use amount measured for the second time to it, which represent the residue use amount should measured in the residue use amount of the first time expectation of the oil used and second time accordingly,

If the residue use amount y) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being analogous to this oil corresponding, then judge being uniformly distributed of in this oil system oil deterioration, the water-free normal of this oil goes bad, and determines that the residue use amount of one of them second time measurement represents the real surplus use amount of this oil;

If the residue use amount z) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being less than this oil corresponding, then judge the uneven distribution of oil deterioration in this oil system; With

Zz) if the residue use amount should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being greater than this oil corresponding, then judge that the oil level of this oil system has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

19. sensors according to claim 18, it is characterized in that: this first and second detecting sensor be positioned in a position in this oil system in the oil used, on the position that the oil level that this first capacitive sensor is positioned in the oil mass in this oil system when being minimum value is contour, this second capacitive sensor is positioned on the position a little less than the oil level had when being filled with specified full capacity oil when this oil system, thus shows the oil level change of the full oil level in this oil system.

20. 1 kinds of sensors detecting oil level and oil deterioration, is characterized in that comprising:

A) detecting sensor is had, it contains the capacitive sensor of a detection, the capacitive sensor of this detection has first, second with the electrode of the 3rd identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel, each electrode has a top and bottom, first and the 3rd electrode be outer electrode, be used as by one that first wire of the first extraction pole is parallel to be connected to its corresponding top and to define the Integrated electrode of first group, second electrode is the internal electrode in centre position, its top is connected to by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole, this detecting sensor is positioned in the oil system of a machinery, this oil system includes the oil used that one does not contain moisture, the capacitive sensor of this detection is immersed in this oil, with

B) reference sensor is had, it contains the capacitive sensor of a reference, the capacitive sensor of this reference is same as the capacitive sensor of this detection and is immersed in a reference oil, this reference oil includes water-free fresh oil, or the water-free oil making to have used up, or the water-free oil partly employed, it has with being somebody's turn to do at the identical thermal property of the oil used, this reference oil is sealed in a container, and this reference oil and the oil be somebody's turn to do using all be disposed in the environment having identical temperature.

21. sensors according to claim 20, it is characterized in that: this detection or with reference to capacitive sensor have odd number, the electrode of identical en plaque, they be equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel, in these electrodes, the electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by the first wire that is used as the first extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of first group, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of second group.

22. sensors according to claim 20, is characterized in that: this detection or with reference to capacitive sensor have spacer between two electrodes, and have the stationary installation of fixing these three electrodes.

23. sensors according to claim 20, it is characterized in that: this electrode is thick membrane electrode, it is disposed on the substrate of pottery, or this electrode is membrane electrode, it is disposed on siliceous substrate, and described be printed on the electric conductor on corresponding pottery or siliceous substrate for the corresponding wire be electrically connected.

24. sensors according to claim 20, is characterized in that: this detecting sensor also has an outer cover having porous.

25. sensors according to claim 20, is characterized in that: the capacitive sensor of this detection is on the contour position of oil level when to be placed in the oil mass of this oil system be minimum value.

26. sensors according to claim 20, it is characterized in that: an alternating current analytical equipment be connected to this detection with the capacitive sensor of this reference and to its be applied with one have single-frequency, the electric excitation signal of alternating current to obtain this electrical properties having temperature compensation at the oil used, thus detects this metamorphic grade at the oil level of the oil used and oil.

27. sensors according to claim 20, it is characterized in that: a measurement mechanism be connected to this detection with the capacitive sensor of this reference and to its be applied with one have single-frequency, the electric excitation signal of periodic current to obtain this electrical properties having temperature compensation at the oil used, thus detects this metamorphic grade at the oil level of the oil used and oil.

28. sensors according to claim 20, is characterized in that: this machinery is internal combustion engine or transmitting transformer.

29. sensors according to claim 26, is characterized in that: this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current, voltage, capacitive impedance, resistance and phase place.

30. sensors according to claim 27, is characterized in that: this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current and voltage.

31. sensors according to claim 26 or 27, is characterized in that:

C) the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first time obtaining the capacitive sensor of this detection in first time measures measures, which represent the temperature compensated electrical properties of this measurement of first time at the oil used;

D) the temperature compensated electrical properties measured with this first time compares, from this use oil one estimate temperature compensated electrical properties curve, obtain relative to the first actual use amount of this oil this oil first time estimate temperature compensated electrical properties, and first time estimate residue use amount;

E) relative to the first actual use amount of oil that this is using, the temperature compensated electrical properties that the second time obtaining this oil in second time is measured is measured, and the residue use amount that second time is measured;

If the residue use amount f) should measured in the second time of the oil used be the residue use amount estimated the first time being analogous to this oil, then judged the water-free normal rotten of this oil and determined that residue use amount that this second time is measured represented the real surplus use amount of this oil;

If the residue use amount g) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being less than this oil, then what judge this oil contains the abnormal rotten of moisture; With

If the residue use amount h) should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being greater than this oil, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

32. sensors according to claim 31, is characterized in that:

33. sensors according to claim 31, is characterized in that: also comprise:

34. sensors according to claim 31, is characterized in that:

Q) calculate since the first actual use amount using measure used to comprise service time is to determine the second actual use amount by a kind of mode of calibration and usage amount or device;

35. sensors according to claim 34, it is characterized in that: which or device have one in order to calculate the sensor of vehicle wheel revolution, or calculate the sensor of I. C. engine crankshaft revolution, or the digital time calculation element in a microprocessor measures the used time, the generator comprising metering one internal combustion engine exports the time of electric energy.

36. sensors according to claim 31, is characterized in that:

X) this detecting sensor has the first and second identical detecting sensors, it contains corresponding the first and second identical capacitive sensors for detecting, this first and second detecting sensor is positioned in first and second positions in this oil system, this first capacitive sensor be immersed in first position of this oil system use oil in, this second capacitive sensor be immersed in second position of this oil system use oil in, and on the contour position of the oil level that this first and second capacitive sensor is positioned in the oil mass in this oil system when being minimum value, these first and second positions use oil have identical temperature, this alternating current analytical equipment is connected to this first and second capacitive sensor and is applied with this electric excitation signal to obtain this first and second capacitive sensor in the first time relative to the first actual use amount at this first and second position the residue use amount estimated and the residue use amount measured for the second time to it, which represent the residue use amount should measured in the residue use amount of the first time expectation of the oil used and second time accordingly,

Zz) if the residue use amount should measured in the second time of the oil used is the residue use amount estimated the first time being greater than this oil corresponding, then judge that the oil level of this oil has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

37. sensors according to claim 36, it is characterized in that: this first and second detecting sensor be positioned in a position in this oil system in the oil used, on the position that the oil level that this first capacitive sensor is positioned in the oil mass in this oil system when being minimum value is contour, this second capacitive sensor is positioned on the position a little less than the oil level had when being filled with specified full capacity oil when this oil system, thus shows the oil level change of the full oil level in this oil system.

38. 1 kinds of sensors detecting oil level and oil deterioration, is characterized in that comprising, there are the first and second identical detecting sensors, it has corresponding the first and second identical capacitive sensors for detecting, this capacitive sensor has first, second with the electrode of the 3rd identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel, each electrode has a top and bottom, first and the 3rd electrode be outer electrode, be used as by one that first wire of the first extraction pole is parallel to be connected to its corresponding top and to define the Integrated electrode of first group, second electrode is the internal electrode in centre position, its top is connected to by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole, this first and second detecting sensor is positioned in first and second positions in the oil system of a machinery, this oil system includes the oil used that one does not contain moisture, this first capacitive sensor be immersed in first position of this oil system use oil in, with this second capacitive sensor be immersed in second position of the oil system of this machinery use oil in, and on the contour position of the oil level that this first and second capacitive sensor is positioned in the oil mass in this oil system when being minimum value, should first and second positions use oil have identical temperature.

39. according to sensor according to claim 38, it is characterized in that: an alternating current analytical equipment be connected to this first and second capacitive sensor and to its be applied with one have single-frequency, the electric excitation signal of alternating current, the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first time obtaining this first and second capacitive sensor in first time measures measures, this electrical properties represents the temperature compensated electrical properties of this measurement of first time at the oil used at the first and second positions.

40. according to sensor according to claim 38, it is characterized in that: a measurement mechanism be connected to this first and second capacitive sensor and to its be applied with one have single-frequency, the electric excitation signal of periodic current, the temperature compensated electrical properties that the first time obtaining this first and second capacitive sensor in first time measures measures, this electrical properties represents the temperature compensated electrical properties of this measurement of first time at the oil used at the first and second positions.

41. according to sensor according to claim 39, it is characterized in that: have a reference sensor, it has the capacitive sensor of a reference, it is same as this first and second capacitive sensor, the sensor of this reference is immersed in a reference oil, this reference oil includes water-free fresh oil, or the water-free oil making to have used up, or the water-free oil partly employed, it has and is somebody's turn to do together at the identical thermal property of the thermal property of the oil used, this reference oil is sealed in a container, this reference oil and the oil be somebody's turn to do using all be disposed in the environment having identical temperature, this measurement mechanism is connected to the capacitive sensor of this reference and is applied with this pumping signal to it.

42. sensors according to claim 40, it is characterized in that: have a reference sensor, it has the capacitive sensor of a reference, it is same as this first and second capacitive sensor, the sensor of this reference is immersed in a reference oil, this reference oil includes water-free fresh oil, or the water-free oil making to have used up, or the water-free oil partly employed, it has and is somebody's turn to do together at the identical thermal property of the thermal property of the oil used, this reference oil is sealed in a container, this reference oil and the oil be somebody's turn to do using all be disposed in the environment having identical temperature, this measurement mechanism is connected to the capacitive sensor of this reference and is applied with this pumping signal to it.

43. sensors according to claim 41 or 42, it is characterized in that: first time measure in obtain this first, second and with reference to capacitive sensor first time measure electrical properties, this first and with reference to the electrical properties of capacitive sensor be combined together, thus in first time measures, the temperature compensated electrical properties of the first time measurement described in this first capacitive sensor is obtained relative to the first actual use amount of this oil, this second and with reference to the electrical properties of capacitive sensor be combined together, thus in first time measures, the temperature compensated electrical properties of the first time measurement described in this second capacitive sensor is obtained relative to the first actual use amount of this oil.

44. sensors according to claim 39 or 40, is characterized in that:

A) compare with the corresponding temperature compensated electrical properties measured in this first time at first and second positions, from this use oil one estimate temperature compensated electrical properties curve, obtain relative to the first actual use amount of this oil this oil first time estimate temperature compensated electrical properties, and first time estimate residue use amount;

B) relative to the first actual use amount of oil that this is using, the temperature compensated electrical properties that the corresponding second time obtaining this oil at first and second positions in second time is measured is measured, and the residue use amount that second time is measured;

If the residue use amount c) should measured in the second time of the oil used accordingly is the residue use amount estimated the first time being analogous to this oil, then judge being uniformly distributed of in oil system oil deterioration, this oil water-free normal rotten and determine that residue use amount that second time is measured represents the real surplus use amount of this oil;

If the residue use amount d) should measured in the second time of the oil used accordingly is the residue use amount estimated the first time being less than this oil, then judge the uneven distribution of oil deterioration in this oil system; With

If the residue use amount e) should measured in the second time of the oil used accordingly is the residue use amount estimated the first time being greater than this oil, then judge that the oil level in this oil system has been reduced to oil mass as oil level during minimum value.

45., according to sensor according to claim 39, is characterized in that: this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current, voltage, capacitive impedance, resistance and phase place.

46. sensors according to claim 40, is characterized in that: this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current and voltage.

47. according to sensor according to claim 38, it is characterized in that: the electrode of that this capacitive sensor has odd number individual, identical en plaque, they be equidistantly, according to priority, mutually to align and to be arranged in parallel, in these electrodes, the electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by the first wire that is used as the first extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of first group, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by the second wire that is used as the second extraction pole and defines the Integrated electrode of second group.

48., according to sensor according to claim 38, is characterized in that: have spacer between electrodes, and have the stationary installation of fixing these three electrodes.

49., according to sensor according to claim 38, is characterized in that: described machinery is internal combustion engine or transmitting transformer.

50. according to sensor according to claim 38, it is characterized in that: this electrode is thick membrane electrode, it is disposed on the substrate of pottery, or this electrode is membrane electrode, it is disposed on siliceous substrate, and described be printed on the electric conductor on corresponding pottery or siliceous substrate for the corresponding wire be electrically connected.

51. according to sensor according to claim 38, it is characterized in that: this first and second detecting sensor be positioned in a position in this oil system in the oil used, on the position that the oil level that this first capacitive sensor is positioned in the oil mass in this oil system when being minimum value is contour, this second capacitive sensor is positioned on the position a little less than the oil level had when being filled with specified full capacity oil when this oil system, thus shows the oil level change of the full oil level in this oil system.

52., according to sensor according to claim 38, is characterized in that: this first and second detecting sensor respectively also has an outer cover having porous.

53. sensors according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the substrate of this pottery is the substrate of aluminium oxide, and this siliceous substrate is the substrate of silicon crystal.

54. sensors according to claim 23, is characterized in that: the substrate of this pottery is the substrate of aluminium oxide, and this siliceous substrate is the substrate of silicon crystal.

55. sensors according to claim 50, is characterized in that: the substrate of this pottery is the substrate of aluminium oxide, and this siliceous substrate is the substrate of silicon crystal.