CN102230816A - Sensor and method for detecting oil deterioration and oil level - Google Patents

Sensor and method for detecting oil deterioration and oil level Download PDF

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CN102230816A
CN102230816A CN2011100742582A CN201110074258A CN102230816A CN 102230816 A CN102230816 A CN 102230816A CN 2011100742582 A CN2011100742582 A CN 2011100742582A CN 201110074258 A CN201110074258 A CN 201110074258A CN 102230816 A CN102230816 A CN 102230816A
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oil
time
electrical properties
use amount
measuring
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CN102230816B (en
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孙一忠
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Abstract

A capacitive sensor in its simplest form has three identical plated spatial electrodes, which are positioned equally spaced apart, in order, alignment and parallel with each other. The first and third electrodes are the outer electrodes and connected in parallel by a first lead wire serving as a first electrical pole to be a group of the integrated electrodes. The second electrode is the middle electrode and connected by a second lead wire serving as a second electrical pole. The sensor is applied by an alternating current (AC) excitation by an AC device. The present invention method includes application of referencing and sensing capacitive sensors to obtain a measured temperature compensated electrical property of the oil to thereby obtain a measured remaining usage so as to a predicted one for the oil. Therefore, the respective top oil level, or the normal or the abnormal oil deterioration can be concluded according to the measured remaining usage which is respectively larger than, or similar to, or less than the predicted one for the oil.

Description

Detect the sensor and the method for oil deterioration and oil level
The present invention relates to be used for the field of the oil of machinery, for example be used in lubricating oil in the internal combustion engine and the insulating oil in the transmitting transformer.The present invention is particularly relevant for the oil level that is used to detect at the oil that uses, and oil is when moisture and the sensor and the method for the metamorphic grade when not moisture.
Background technology
The detecting device and the method that are used to detect oil level and oil deterioration now are well-known.Below 20 patents be the immediate reference relevant with patented claim with the present invention.
1, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 517, authorizes on May 14th, 1985 for No. 547 to add reason people such as (Gary) and be entitled as " detect water sensor circuit and the method in fuel oil " (after this being " patent that adds reason ");
2, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 646, authorizes the rancid people such as (Yasuhara) of refined Soviet Union on February 24th, 1987 and be entitled as " oil deterioration detector approach and device " (after this for " patent that refined Soviet Union is rancid ") for No. 070;
3, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 764, authorizes Kaufman (Kauffman) on August 16th, 1988 and be entitled as " for the method for remaining serviceable bife of assessment hydrocarbon ils " (after this being " patent of Kaufman ") for No. 258;
4, United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 540, authorizes Parker people such as (Park) on July 30th, 1996 and be entitled as " oil deterioration sensor " (after this for " first patent of Parker ") for No. 086;
5, United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 929, authorizes people such as Parker for No. 754 on July 27th, 1999 and be entitled as " capacitive sensor of highly sensitive detection oil deterioration and oil level " (after this being " second patent of Parker ");
6, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 297, authorizes people such as Parker for No. 733 in October 2 calendar year 2001 and be entitled as " capacitive sensor of stable, reliable detection oil deterioration and oil level " (after this being " the 3rd patent of Parker ");
7, United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 377, authorizes paddy door (Gomn) in January 3 nineteen ninety-five and be entitled as " the portable analyser of changing oil " (after this for " patent of paddy door ") for No. 531;
8, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 733, authorizes Mei Chile people such as (Meitzler) on March 29th, 1988 and be entitled as " method and apparatus that detects the lubricating oil situation in internal combustion engine " (after this being " patent of Mei Chile ") for No. 556;
9, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 278, authorizes Ma Zha Rec (Marszalek) in August 21 calendar year 2001 and be entitled as " method and system of determining oil quality " (after this for " patent of Ma Zha Rec ") for No. 282;
10, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 590, authorizes king people such as (Wang) on July 8th, 2003 and be entitled as " sensor of detection of engine lubricating oil situation " (after this for " first patent of king ") for No. 402;
11, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 535, authorizes the king on March 18th, 2003 and be entitled as the method and apparatus of condition " detect oily " (after this being " king's second patent ") for No. 001;
12, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 577, waits on June 10th, 2003 for No. 112 to authorize Lu Fuyue and go (Lvovich) people of etc.ing to be entitled as " monitoring the quality of high resistance fluid or the method and apparatus of situation " (after this being " patent of going is more lied prostrate in the Shandong ");
13, United States Patent (USP) the 7th, 143, and No. 867 are authorized Qiao Pula (Chopra) on Dec 5th, 2006 is " electronic type oil level detection and replacement system " (after this being " patent of Qiao Pula ");
14, No. the 2006/0232267th, U.S. Patent application " is determined the quality of lubricating oil in use " on October 19th, 2006 disclosed being entitled as (after this being " patented claim of Xi Leilei ") by Xi Leilei people such as (Halalay) application;
15, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 718, authorizes this storehouse teacher (Schoess) on April 13rd, 2004 and be entitled as " system of oil quality sensor, method and apparatus " (after this for " this storehouse teacher's patent ") for No. 819;
16, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 278, authorizes Bauer people such as (Bauer) in August 21 calendar year 2001 and be entitled as " fluid situation display monitor central monitoring system " (after this for " patent of Bauer ") for No. 281;
17, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 014, authorizes He Lun (Herron) on January 18th, 2000 and be entitled as " motor sensor system " (after this for " patent of He Lun ") for No. 894;
18, United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 917, authorizes A Ruiya people such as (Arai) on July 12nd, 2005 and be entitled as " determine engine oil rotten system and method and engine control unit " (after this being " patent of A Ruiya ") for No. 865;
19, No. the 2006/0114007th, U.S. Patent application by week (Cho) application on June 1st, 2006 disclosed being entitled as " device that is used for the scan motor oil condition, method and survey sensor " (after this being " patented claim of Cho "); With
20, No. the 03140986.5th, Chinese patent is authorized grandson (Sun) on October 3rd, 2007 and is entitled as " method that detects oil deterioration " (after this being " grandson's Chinese patent "); With
21, United States Patent (USP) the 7th, 729, authorizes grandson (Sun) on July 12nd, 2005 and be entitled as " method that detects oil deterioration and oil level " (after this being " grandson's United States Patent (USP) ") for No. 870.
The patent that adds reason has been showed a kind of sensor electronics circuit of measuring method moisture in the fuel oil and its application.This invention utilization one is connected in parallel with reference to a capacitor and a variable condenser, and to exchange oscillator with one alternately be that these two capacitors charge and discharge.This discharges and recharges is at two current potentials: carry out between first current potential and second current potential.Electric current is inversely proportional to the electric capacity of variable condenser by the absolute spoke degree value of reference capacitor, by detecting the size of electric current spoke degree value, reflects the variation of variable capacitance like this.If this variable condenser is mounted in the fuel tank of vehicle, the moisture content in the fuel oil can increase the capacitance of this capacitor.The numerical value of flowing through accordingly with reference to condenser current can reduce.By detecting current values, just can be used for judging the water content in the fuel oil like this with reference to capacitor.
The rancid patent of refined Soviet Union provides a kind of detecting device and method of measuring oil deterioration.This method is to judge the degree that is used in the deterioration of lubricant in the internal combustion engine by the specific inductive capacity that detects oil.This detecting device is in series with a capacitor that constant capacitance arranged and draws into a voltage branch circuit by feat of a sensing capacitor with parallel pole that is immersed in the oil.On this voltage branch circuit, add the ac current signal of a fixed frequency, thereby the magnitude of voltage on sensing capacitor just is proportional to the specific inductive capacity of oil, can judges the degree of oil deterioration like this by the variation of analyzing this specific inductive capacity.The a-c cycle that this invention is used is between 50 kilo hertzs to 500 kilo hertzs.
The patent of Kaufman has been announced a kind of method that detects the remaining serviceable bife of lubricating oil.This method is applicable to the organic lubricating oil that contains more than one adjuvants at least.When the preparation specimen, mix mutually with oil sample with a kind of solvent earlier.In some cases, dielectric can be used as solvent.Sample is placed in the electrode cell then, measures with voltammetry.When increasing on sample added voltage to a certain numerical value gradually in measuring process, cause the electro-oxidation reaction of sample, corresponding have oxidation current to produce, and this current values is directly proportional with content of additive.Detect and write down the peak value of this oxidation current, can be used for reflecting the remaining spendable life-span of lubricating oil.
First patent of Parker has been showed a kind of detecting device of oil deterioration, and this detecting device includes by two and the oil deterioration capacitor formed of andante and contain the Headquarters of the General Staff photograph capacitor with reference to capacitor of a fixed value.Because the measured oil of disposal between flat board arranged, oil deterioration capacitor and Headquarters of the General Staff have corresponding electric capacity according to capacitor like this.The size of this electric capacity is exactly a certain amount of indication to oil deterioration.In addition, this oil deterioration detecting device also has thermoelectric quick resistance on the detector substrate of being fixed on, and it can be used to compensate the influence that oil deterioration indication numerical value is subjected to temperature fluctuation.This detecting device contains an electronic circuit again, and the electric capacity of corresponding oil deterioration capacitor of this circuit utilization and Headquarters of the General Staff photograph capacitor produces the quantitative description to oil deterioration.
Second patent disclosure of Parker the capacitive detection oil deterioration of a combination and the sensor of oil level, this commentaries on classics sensor has comprised the shell mechanism of the garden cylindricality of a conduction.In this structure, there is a screen as the conduction of ground-electrode to close element and a center part that is used as the conduction of potential electrode is arranged again.This sensor has comprised electronic component simultaneously again.It is used to produce to being placed in the indicator signal of two interelectrode oil deterioration, also produces the signal to the oil level that changes along garden cylindricality sensor length direction.This sensor is from detecting by the electric capacity C of oily specific inductive capacity decision and the electric capacity C that is determined by oil level to the supervision of oil level LRatio reach.
The coexist structure similar of the sensor in second patent of Parker of the primary structure of the 3rd the disclosed sensor of patent of Parker.In addition, in the applied electronic circuit of sensor in Parker the 3rd patent, at least one is arranged is to be used for eliminating at two interelectrode electric currents.Because of may causing impurity, this electric current is deposited on two electrodes of forming capacitor.And the impurity of piling up may produce interference to signal of sensor.This patent also discloses the oil deterioration of this combination and the electric capacity tolerance of fuel level sensor is proportional to ε * L.Wherein ε is the specific inductive capacity of oil, and L is the effective length of central electrode.The oil level length that has influence on central electrode also just has influence on the electric capacity of sensor like this.
The patent disclosure of paddy door the analyser of changing oil of a test oil portable, that under lab use, it has comprised an oily viscosity analyser and a pollution analyzer.The oil contamination analyser is according to optical principle: the sample that promptly increases the oil contamination degree has reduced the light intensity that sees through it and has worked.This analyser of changing oil depends on its viscosity and pollutes the result of test the judgement of oil quality.
The patent disclosure of Mei Chile one system that detects oil deterioration.It is immersed in the reference capacitor that the detection capacitor and in the oil to be measured is immersed in the fresh oil by one is formed, and the structure of this two capacitor is identical.When using, on two capacitors, add identical a-c cycle.Measure relatively with reference to capacitor, at the difference on the frequency that contains the response on the detection capacitor of measured oil.Change according to the frequency that responds is to be proportional to the change of the viscosity relevant with oil deterioration to judge the rotten of oil then.
The patent disclosure of Ma Zha Rec one method that detects quality of lubrication oil.This method has comprised that one has the sensor of two electrodes.When using, the voltage of first amplitude is arranged, the phase differential that test is produced by this amplitude voltage earlier on the electrode of the sensor in being immersed in a use oil.Then voltage amplitude is increased to second amplitude, it is poor to measure respective phase again.This method just can decide the quality of oil according to the phase place extent like this.
King's first patent disclosure one detect the method whether machine oil is mixed with anti-cold doubtful agent.This method is measured the corresponding series voltage by this current sensor output after having used and add a series of different voltages on being immersed in a sensor that uses in the oil.With after a reference voltage is compared, determine the difference of each output voltage again.Final according to behind the voltage difference of comparing, can determine whether there is cold anti-coagulants in the oil.
Second patent disclosure of king one device that detects oil condition.It has comprised a lubricating oil sensor of the lubricating oil of being made up of alternate electrode and filled a machine between electrode gap.This electrode and same computing machine link to each other.Like this according to the trend by first, second and the 3rd signal of sensor output, this device can be used to determine whether lubricating oil has oil rotten of corresponding first, second and phase III.
The patent disclosure that Shandong volt goes more the apparatus and method of one monitoring high resistance fluid.This method comprises an AC signal that is applied to rare two magnitudes of voltage, wherein at least one alternating voltage is added with the current potential of a non-vanishing DC voltage, the electrical response of measuring fluid comprises the component of electrical impedance and real part and imaginary part, thereby determines the quality of this fluid.
The patent disclosure of Qiao Pula to the invention of oil level and oily replacement system.The principle that the height that floats over the buoyancy aid on the oil can reflect level height has been used in this invention.The change of buoyancy aid vertical height can cause that a piston opens and closes the motion of the passage that is connected with an oil accumulator like this.Thereby just can automatically carry out the replacement of oil.According to same principle, use of the variation of another buoyancy aid with oil level, just can open the electronic switch of a corresponding low oil level or high oil level.This method can reach the purpose of measuring oil level with the method for electronics like this.
The patents state of Xi Leilei measure one and use the resistivity of oil to change in time and the method that changes, and the variation of having narrated this resistivity is consistent with the variation of oil viscosity.This method just can be used to measure the remaining consumption that has rotten and oil accordingly of oil like this.
This storehouse teacher's patent disclosure the device that includes a sensor of one decision internal combustion engine lubrication oil condition.This sensor has the numerous electrode group by two alternate electrode groups on a non-conductive macromolecule membrane.And can export the input electrode that the electrical impedance circuit with fluctuation type voltage connects this sensor with one, and with being added in input voltage on this electrode as a public voltage.Can obtain the correspondent voltage value that is converted into via the output current that on the output electrode of sensor, exists like this.According to the size of this magnitude of voltage, this device can determine the situation of oil.And when magnitude of voltage falls into a predetermined range, demonstrate the problematic signal of an expression user is made early warning.
The patent disclosure of He Lun be used for detecting the sensing system that in the grease-box of internal combustion engine one sealing, has water not to exist.It is made of with nonconducting sheet garden ring alternately numerous conductions.This system also is installed on the transmission shaft in the fuel tank of internal combustion engine sealing.The garden ring of each conduction links with a caution electronic circuit at far-end.In addition, the conducting element that also has numerous sensors that distribute around this rotation axis garden week and that arrange along garden ring warp-wise on garden ring partly.Like this, if moisture content has entered just among operating internal combustion engine, oil water mixture will be filled in the middle of one or more gaps between two adjacent sensor conducting elements, so just be communicated with the loop of caution electronic circuit, and sent the alarm signal of a water in the oil of engine can for the operator of engine.
The patent disclosure of A Ruiya one system of judging the engine lubricating oil deterioration, include an angular velocity of crankshaft sensor that detects internal-combustion engine rotational speed.It uses the machine run number of turns that an electronic unit calculates the accumulation of going bad in order to indication machine oil.This system includes the fuel level sensor of a detection oil level again.It is made up of an electronic switch that is placed in high position and lower position.Basically this high-side switch is used for monitoring the oil level of the higher limit that reaches expectation, and this low-side switch is used for monitoring the oil level of the low limit that reaches expectation.According to above principle, the fuel level sensor of this invention can be used for showing actual oil level.
The patented claim in week relates to device, method and the detecting sensor that is used for detecting a vehicle motor machine oil.Comprised in this patent application that one is mainly used in viscosity transducer that detects oil deterioration and the fuel level sensor that monitors oil level.What this fuel level sensor had an input electrode tubulose and that applied electric current and another tubulose has the oil level electrode of concentric shafts with input electrode.The oil level electrode and with the inside surface of input electrode separately, so it can receive the electric current that comes from the input electrode transmission.Oil level can be according to being calculated by the electric capacity and the specific inductive capacity that are in oil between oil level electrode and the input electrode that measure like this.
Grandson's Chinese patent discloses the method that detects oil deterioration.It has comprised using has one to detect and with reference to first embodiment of capacitor.Like this since the fluctuation of the detection capacitor electricity character that the fluctuation of temperature causes can compensate by the fluctuation of the same electrical properties of reference capacitor.Thereby obtain to detect the temperature compensated electrical properties of capacitor, it has represented the metamorphic grade of a measured oil.What after the same method, this scheme can obtain detected oil comprises that it is not using out-of-date and is making electrical properties when using up.According to the electrical properties of the temperature compensated measured oil of measuring, can calculate the residue utilization rate of oil, thereby but can obtain its remaining use amount then.In addition, this patent also discloses the multiple method that is used for describing water in the oil.
The method that grandson's United States Patent (USP) detects oil deterioration and oil level is to be used to detect oily situation, comprises the oil level when oil mass is the minimum value, and oil is the normal rotten of anhydrous timesharing and residue use amount that has and improper go bad of oil when moisture is arranged.First embodiment of this invention has been used a reference and has been detected the electrical properties of the temperature compensated measured oil that capacitor obtains to measure, thereby derives the residue use amount of oil measurement and that estimate of measured oil.Above-mentioned like this oil level, oil normal or improper rotten can be according to the residue use amount of the oil of corresponding measurement greater than or similar or judge less than the residue use amount of estimating.Second embodiment of this invention only use to detect the electrical properties of the oil that capacitor obtains to measure.To above two scheme optimization is to use the whole process variation that at least two detection capacitors detect the non-homogeneous rotten and oil level of the oil in the oil system.
Be appreciated that, though grandson's China and U.S. Patent Publication a kind of method of uniqueness: used the detecting sensor that comprises a capacitor detects the rotten and oil level that comprises oil under the effect of alternating voltage situation at the oil that uses, but still have living space and improve the traditional capacitor that this kind has two electrodes, particularly on electrical characteristic and output amplitude as the electric signal of detection technique key relevant for it.This is because the output amplitude of this capacitor is to be subject to be included in two interelectrode spaces.As for the electrical characteristic of this capacitor, as can be known, the electricity polarity of two electrodes changes with the alternate of the ac-excited signal that has been applied in, thereby this capacitor has the electric field of an alternate.When the electric field of the alternate of this capacitor is exposed in the ambient electromagnetic field that surrounds it,, just probably be created in the electric field of capacitor and the cross interference between the ambient electromagnetic field if this capacitor does not have the electricity shielding.
From the above, exist actually a urgent requirement.This requirement wishes to have a kind of electrical properties and the sensor of output amplitude and situation of having improved that method detects oil that have.This oily situation has comprised that oil level and the oil when oil mass is reduced to minimum limiting the quantity of is having water and the metamorphic grade when anhydrous, thus improve oil significantly use and protect the machinery that uses oil.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the situation that an oil sensor and method are used to detect oil, comprise the residue use amount of rotten, the oil level and the oil of oil.The rotten of oil can be caused by following factor: such as cracking, the infiltration of moisture, the polymerization again of pyrolysis product and the carbon granules that produces in the burning course of work of internal combustion engine of additive in the oxicracking of oil, the oil.In the metamorphic process of oil, oil mass normally is consumed, so its corresponding oil level can reduce simultaneously.The use oil of internal combustion engine and transmitting transformer and so on is mechanical most important to such an extent as to these oily situations are protected for maintenance.
Sensor of the present invention has comprised detecting sensor, and it has comprised first capacitive sensor that is used to detect that the general implementation scheme is arranged.The present invention has used an alternating current analytical equipment again, output from this device, that single-frequency is arranged, include alternating current and detect the rotten and oil level of oil in use under to the effect of first capacitive sensor at the electric excitation signal of interior periodic current.First capacitive sensor of this general implementation scheme has been used the space electrode that en plaque odd number, identical is arranged, they equidistantly, according to priority, with mutual alignment be arranged in parallel.In these electrodes, electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by first lead that is used as first extraction pole and has formed first group Integrated electrode, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by second lead that is used as second extraction pole and formed second group Integrated electrode.The capacitive sensor that is used to detect of the present invention has high output amplitude, the size and the improved electrical characteristic that have reduced.
Have in the embodiment of preferential selection of simple structure at capacitive sensor of the present invention, sensor has the space electrode of first, second and the 3rd identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, with mutual alignment be arranged in parallel.First and the 3rd electrode is outer electrode, is used as the parallel connection of first lead of first extraction pole and formed first group Integrated electrode by one.Second electrode is the internal electrode in the centre position, connected by second lead that is used as second extraction pole.In its operation, an alternating current analytical equipment has connected first and second extraction poles of this capacitive sensor.
Capacitive sensor of the present invention has multinomial superiority.The first, when an alternating voltage had been applied to this capacitive sensor, the electrode of two outsides had identical electric polarity, and had shielded the target with opposite electrode.This just makes sensor of the present invention that the electric field of a symmetry be arranged with respect to the electromagnetic field of external environment condition.This is most important for the effect of sensor, because be to be among the influence of ambient electromagnetic field by the electric field that exchanges electrically driven (operated) sensor.
Second, compare with four plate electrode plates of the same capacitor of two parallel connections, if the electrode of first and second en plaques of the present invention is identical with the electrology characteristic of two plate electrode plates of a capacitor, sensor of the present invention only has three space electrodes and has the output amplitude identical with two capacitors.Yet sensor of the present invention owing to reducing of having lacked that an electrode has arranged volume, so the present invention has in the advantage that keeps having under the identical output amplitude volume that has reduced.This architectural feature is most important for the sensor of small designization.
Present invention includes first embodiment of using the dual sensor structure.It includes detection and reference sensor and all being used to accordingly thereof and detects first and second identical capacitive sensors with reference.First capacitive sensor that is used for detecting of detecting sensor is to be immersed in oil that is using and the position of disposing the oil level when oil mass bottom line value.Like this, the oil level when the rotten of the oil that uses or oil mass that should oil are reduced to the bottom line value can be determined by measuring a kind of among the numerous electrical properties of this capacitive sensor.
Under a kind of situation in the metamorphic process of oil, when having, the oil mass at the oil that uses do not reduce significantly thereby first capacitive sensor of this detection usefulness remains when all being immersed in this oil, the electrical properties of sensor is the influence of the rising of this oily specific inductive capacity of causing with the development by oil deterioration, perhaps the influence of the specific inductive capacity that sharply raise in water in this oil of reason.In another case, when the oil mass value of minimizing and cause the oil level that has reduced, because of its deficiency has made this first capacitive sensor all be immersed in the oil, this moment the sensor air that has been partly filling.According to this situation, the electrical properties of sensor mainly is the influence that has been subjected to the specific inductive capacity of air, and the specific inductive capacity of air is significantly less than this oily specific inductive capacity.
Reference sensor according to first embodiment of the inventive method has comprised second capacitive sensor that is used for reference, and this capacitive sensor is to be immersed in the reference oil.Reference oil has comprised water-free fresh oil, the perhaps water-free oil of having used up that makes, the perhaps water-free oil that has partly used, its have the oil that uses of coexisting identical thermal property, reference oil and all dispose in the environment of uniform temp at the oil that uses.In preferential first embodiment of selecting, the electrical properties that obtains from first and second capacitive sensors combines, thereby has eliminated because of the fluctuation at the electrical properties of the measurement of first capacitive sensor that fluctuation caused of the temperature of the oil that uses.Therefore, from measure for the first time with respect to the first actual use amount at the oil that uses, first embodiment of the invention just can obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the measurement first time of first capacitive sensor, and it has represented the water-free electrical properties of measuring in the first time of the oil that uses that temperature compensation is arranged.
By this way, with respect to whole range in the actual use amount of the oil that uses, can touch curve like the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the expectation of this oil, thus reflect detected the oil that uses normal rotten, during promptly at no aqueous condition in the overall process of the oil deterioration of use.In this curve, with respect to the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged that can determine that in the first actual use amount of the oil that uses estimate the detected first time at the oil that uses.It can be used to compare with the electrical properties of measuring.
The electrical properties of the temperature compensation at the oil that uses of tested of use through measure obtaining, the residue use amount that the present invention can obtain to measure at the oil that uses.The electrical properties of the temperature compensation at the oil that uses of tested of same use through estimate obtaining, the residue use amount at the oil that uses that can also obtain estimating.
After measuring for the first time, according to this first actual use amount at the oil that uses, and then the inventive method has been implemented to measure for the second time, thereby obtained temperature compensated electrical properties and the corresponding residue use amount of measuring for the second time measured for the second time at the oil that uses at the oil that uses.Residue use amount relatively that measure the second time of measured oil and that estimate for the first time, when the residue use amount of measuring with estimating is consistent, the present invention can determine the oil that uses normal rotten, promptly the oil that uses rotten under anhydrous state.At this moment, the residue use amount of measuring for the second time can be confirmed to be in the real surplus use amount of the oil of use.The user that the application of residue use amount of oil helps machinery comprises the timetable of changing at the oil that uses of formulating to the maintenance of machinery.
When if the residue use amount of measuring for the second time at the oil that uses is significantly less than the residue use amount of estimating the first time, can determine to cause going bad at the oil that uses in improper rotten, the i.e. existence owing to water of the oil that uses.The specific inductive capacity that this conclusion is based on water is significantly greater than the fact of the specific inductive capacity of oil, thus when the first capacitive sensor filling electrical properties of the temperature compensation that had behind the potpourri of oil and the water electrical properties of the temperature compensation that then had at the oil that uses that has been different from this sensor filling.This difference and then caused a kind of illusion that has reduced in the residue use amount of the oil that uses.61
If that measures for the second time during obviously greater than the residue use amount estimated for the first time, then can conclude the oil level when the tested oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to oil mass as the minimum value in the residue use amount of the oil that uses.When this situation, because the cause of low oil level, locational first capacitive sensor of the oil level when being installed in the minimum value air that has been filling partially.Because the specific inductive capacity of air is significantly less than the specific inductive capacity at the oil that uses, this just caused the filling partially of measuring the electrical properties of temperature compensation of first capacitive sensor of air be different from expectation this sensor filling the electrical properties that is had in the oil back of using.This difference and then caused the illusion in the residue use amount of the oil that uses of excessive measurement.
Obtain the information of the situation of above-mentioned abnormal oil, mechanical user can take suitable counter-measure to protect machinery to make it be unlikely to damage.
Except the residue use amount of measuring the second time of using oil, first embodiment of sensor of the present invention and method can also be used the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the second time at the oil that uses and judge whether moisture is arranged in oil.
From measure relatively for the second time with estimate for the first time when the temperature compensated electrical properties of the oil that uses, if find their difference, and this difference has shown that the metamorphic grade at the oil that uses that electrical properties determined that is lower than by estimating, first embodiment of the inventive method can judge that then this oily oil level has been reduced to the oil level of oil mass when being the minimum value.
Sensor of the present invention also discloses the multiple modification of first embodiment of sensor.Comprised and used at least two detecting sensors, it has comprised at least two first capacitive sensors accordingly.These at least two sensors can be installed in the different parts of a machinery oil system.Ji Xie user can conclude the uneven distribution whether oil deterioration is arranged in oil system like this.This information is particularly conducive to the maintenance to the internal combustion engine of big model, such as the internal combustion engine that is equipped on the locomotive engine, because moisture might accumulate in the privileged site of this I. C. engine oil system.
If by dress, the user of machinery can monitor when oil mass and consume and when causing oil level to reduce gradually the variation of the full oil level of oil system gradually by vertical direction at least two detecting sensors in addition.Corresponding to the variation of this oil level, each first capacitive sensor at least two detecting sensors can be transformed into a sensor that is full of air from a sensor that has been full of at the oil that uses in an orderly manner.Like this to the instant supervision of oil level can be by detecting each first capacitive sensor in these at least two detecting sensors the variation of orderly electrical properties reach.
The inventive method also discloses second embodiment, promptly only uses a detecting sensor to comprise its capacitive sensor that is used to detect.According to the method for numerous temperature compensations, the present invention can obtain the curve of temperature compensated electrical properties measurement and that estimate of this capacitive sensor.Second embodiment can further be derived the residue use amount of measuring for the second time at the residue use amount of the oil that uses and this oil of estimating for the first time then.Utilize the same relatively size of carrying out in the first embodiment of these two kinds of use amounts, second embodiment of the present invention can be judged the situation of the oil that is using, be included in the oil level when oil mass reduces to the minimum value in the oil deterioration process, the real surplus use amount of the normal rotten and corresponding oil of the improper rotten and oil of oil.In addition, alternative plan also can be used at least two detecting sensors and monitor whether mechanical oil system has the uneven distribution of oil deterioration, perhaps monitors the change of oil level in full oil level scope.
Being described in detail of chapters and sections afterwards discussed and to the request of claim and with reference to more clearly understanding being arranged to the structure and the purpose of the invention after the accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Following accompanying drawing only is example rather than the limitation of the present invention of enumerating in order to illustrate.
Fig. 1 is a curve synoptic diagram that changes with service time at the oil deterioration of the oil that uses.
Fig. 2 is at the electrical impedance of the oil that the uses use amount U with oil tThe curve synoptic diagram of the variation that increases and reduce.Fig. 2 is the specific descriptions to the oil deterioration of Fig. 1 demonstration.
Fig. 3 is for showing the electrical impedance Z at the oil that uses that measures MCurve and temperature compensated after electrical impedance Z TThe time dependent synoptic diagram that concerns of curve.
Fig. 4 is the electrical impedance Z behind estimate temperature compensated PCurve (dotted line) and the temperature compensated electrical impedance Z of actual measurement TThe corresponding to synoptic diagram of curve (solid line).
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram with the electrical impedance of the detection capacitor of voltage divider measurement oil sensor.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram with the electric current of the detection capacitor of constant pressure source measurement oil sensor.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram with the voltage of the detection capacitor of constant flow source measuring gauging sensor.
Fig. 8 be on the turn in the process at electrical impedance Z, the voltage V of the oil that uses and electric current I the synoptic diagram that concerns with variation service time.
Fig. 9 is a device synoptic diagram of first embodiment of the present invention.In this scheme, use the structure of dual sensor, comprised a detecting sensor and a reference sensor and their first capacitive sensor that is used to accordingly detect and second capacitive sensor that is used for reference.Use the temperature compensated electrical properties of measurement that this device can be based upon the oil of use.
Figure 10 is the curve synoptic diagram that changes with service time from the not temperature compensated electrical properties that second capacitive sensor of first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor and reference sensor obtains.
Figure 11 is the curve synoptic diagram that the electrical properties of the first temperature compensated capacitive sensor of measurement changed with service time.This curve is the result who combines curve in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the curve synoptic diagram of the not temperature compensated change in electrical properties that obtains from first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor and obtain from second capacitive sensor of another kind of reference sensor.
Figure 13 is in the normal metamorphic process of the oil that uses, the curve synoptic diagram that measurement and temperature compensated electrical properties at the oil that uses that estimate change with independent variable service time.
Figure 14 has shown the curve that changes with service time with the temperature compensated electrical properties at the oil that uses that estimate measurement same in Figure 13, yet the independent variable of Figure 14 has comprised the oily service time or the mileage number of use.
Figure 15 has shown measurement same in Figure 14 with estimate temperature compensated the oil that uses the curve that changes with service time of electrical properties.The electrical properties that yet different is measures in Figure 15 is at the first use amount U of oil iThe time unexpected variation arranged, its illustrated the oil that uses extra degree rotten.
The curve synoptic diagram of Figure 16 is to have amplified the electrical properties measured in Figure 15 first use amount U at oil iThe time part that changes suddenly, and the independent variable of Figure 16 is t service time.
Figure 17 has shown at time interval t iTo t jIn the slope that had greater than the electrical properties curve of estimating of the temperature compensated electrical properties slope of a curve measured at the oil that uses.
Figure 18 is a temperature compensated electrical properties curve of measuring at the oil that uses.Its part numerical value has surpassed the preestablished limit value of pre-index contour, and this phenomenon took place early than a predetermined service time of taking place.
The abnormal curve synoptic diagram at the temperature compensated electrical properties of the oil that uses in a cold internal combustion engine of Figure 19 for measuring.This curve description the initial electrical properties that when starting internal combustion engines, occurs unusual, it has represented excessive rotten at the oil that uses.
Figure 20 is used for measuring at the metamorphic grade of the oil that uses and the device synoptic diagram of oil level thereof for second embodiment of the present invention, and second embodiment has only been used detecting sensor and checked going bad and oil level of this oil.
Figure 21 has shown the same curve in Figure 14, however the different first use amount U that is the electrical properties curve measured among Figure 21 from oil iThe time begin to be different from the curve of expectation, and shown less than estimate the oil that uses metamorphic grade.
The curve synoptic diagram of Figure 22 is to have enlarged in Figure 21 according to first kind of lubricated oil condition of loss, from the use amount U of oil iTo U qMeasurements with estimate the oil that uses the electrical properties curve.
Figure 23 is the synoptic diagram that improves the applied sensor of first embodiment of the invention.It includes and is installed in the detection of at least two on diverse location commentaries on classics sensor in the machinery oil system.
Figure 24 is that another improves the applied sensor synoptic diagram of first embodiment of the invention.It includes and is installed in the detection of at least two on differing heights commentaries on classics sensor in the machinery oil system.
Embodiment
Though combining now draws narrates embodiment of the present invention, must be clear and definite be that these embodiments are only as the representative of example of the present invention.And only account for the minority that to represent in numerous schemes of using the principle of the invention.Numerous modification and the correction relevant with the present invention, for one in this area skilled people be conspicuous.So they are considered to be included among spirit of the present invention, purpose and the planning, comprise also by additional claims defined.
To such an extent as to the situation of lubricating oil is to safeguarding that it is vital protecting the machinery of usefulness oil.The situation of oil is included in water improper rotten when existing, normal rotten during perhaps anhydrous existence the and including of having thereof be used to determine the to change oil residue use amount of oil on date, and the oil level in a machinery oil system is reduced to the oil level of oil mass when being the minimum value.Sensor of the present invention and method aim at using an improved detecting sensor and detect these oily situations, thereby can provide corresponding indication for the damage that prevents machinery to the user of machinery.Method of the present invention awards narration in following two parts.
The method of I, detection oil deterioration
In at mechanical hook-up, as internal combustion engine, lubricating oil is the friction that is used for reducing between moving component.Yet along with the growth of service time, lubricating oil produces the damage of the machinery that goes bad thereby can not prevent from effectively to be caused by friction.Be subjected to following factor affecting the serviceable life of lubricating oil: a carbonization material that produces in polymkeric substance that pollution, oil or the adjuvant pyrolysis product of oil is produced such as the exhausting of adjuvant in the thermo-oxidative pyrolysis of oil, the oil, moisture content and the combustion process of fuel oil in machinery in operation.
In above-mentioned factor and the chemistry of all the other factor affecting oil, physics and electrical properties relatively, the effect that water pollutes is different.So rotten normal rotten and improper going bad when having water to exist that can be divided into when not having water to exist of oil.
Fig. 1 has shown with service time, t changed in the curve D of the normal metamorphic grade of the oil that uses.When a lubricating oil is new or when not being used, it does not have rotten degree, so be shown as 1 D on the curve NAlong with the use of oil and the growth of service time, pollutant produces and increases, thereby has begun the aggravation of the rotten and oil deterioration of oil.Final oil deterioration promptly is presented at another D on Fig. 1 curve to a certain degree SThe time, in its spendable life-span that promptly is considered to exhaust of lubricating oil at that time, must change.
Be used in equally in the transmitting transformer, oil also can cracking.Main cause is to cause the rotten of oil owing to the discharge of the part that produces under temperature, oxygen, moisture content, the action of high voltage and electric spark make oil-breaking produce pollutant.
As everyone knows, oil exists specific inductive capacity, this specific inductive capacity increases with the pollution of oil and the metamorphic grade of oil.Utilize this character, the metamorphic grade of oil can be judged by the electrical properties of measuring the oil relevant with specific inductive capacity.This measurement can be finished such as containing the capacitor that can detect electric capacity by being placed in the sensor in the oil.Utilize the electrical properties of the sensor that measures to express oily electrical properties then.When the oil contamination degree increases, when being the oil deterioration increase, just causes oily DIELECTRIC CONSTANT to increase and then caused the increase of sensor capacitance C.
When being added on the pole plate of capacitor with an alternating voltage V, as can be known, the increase of capacitor C has caused reducing of oily electrical impedance Z from formula Z=R+j (1/ ω C).Electrical impedance reduce to cause increase by electric current between capacitor plate.Above electroporation knowledge is well-known, as at U.S. Patent number 4,646, in 070 narration like that.
Fig. 2 has described in normal the going bad of oil, and electrical impedance reduces with the increase of the service time of oil.Electrical impedance Z for new or original oil NHeight, otherwise, electrical impedance Z concerning the oil that exhausts serviceable life SLow.Again because lubricating oil is nonconducting, so an ingredient of electrical impedance, capacitive impedance j (1/ ω C) or X CIt is the principal element of decision electrical impedance.So periodically the electrical impedance of test oil is judging the quality of oil for the user, and this measurement can be from successional to non-recurrent.Stain in Fig. 2 curve is represented the electrical impedance that obtained by this periodic measurement.
Yet the specific inductive capacity of oil is to change with variation of temperature, so just has influence on the electric capacity of capacitor and the variation of electrical impedance.So must manage in measurement, to eliminate this temperature effect, can reach by compensation usually to electrical impedance.Specifically, a kind of method is to use the correcting factor relevant with temperature then, the electrical impedance Z that measures by measuring the temperature of oil MConvert actual or temperature compensated electrical impedance Z to TAnother kind method is that this measurement to temperature compensation always can be carried out on predetermined temperature.Curve representation among Fig. 3 the electrical impedance Z that measures MCurve and through the electrical impedance Z of temperature compensation TCurve relatively with the relation of identical service time.Be an independent variable this service time, and it is a kind of specific forms of the use of oil.
Fig. 4 has shown the temperature compensated electrical impedance Z that estimates PThe temperature compensated electrical impedance Z of the curve and the actual measurement of comparing with it TCurve.The electrical impedance curve of estimating expected, it is as the function of time damping characteristic smoothly.The curve of Yu Jiing has been represented the normal following electrical impedance situation over time that goes bad at oil like this.This curve can be derived by experimental formula then earlier by actual measurement.Can see matching of actual temperature compensated curve and expectation in Fig. 4, this is the normal rotten expression of another oil.Yet as hereinafter described, the electrical impedance that some factor can cause estimating is different from actual electrical impedance.
The metamorphic grade of oil can be represented by the measurement to electrical impedance to shown in Figure 4 as Fig. 2.The measurement of this electrical impedance can use voltage divider to reach on electrical principles, and voltage divider can be made up of a sensing capacitor and a known electric impedance element connected in series that contains measured oil.When measuring an alternating voltage is added on the voltage divider, the electrical impedance that is marked with oily capacitor is proportional to the ratio at voltage on the capacitor and the voltage on known electric impedance element.This electrical impedance has been represented oily electrical impedance.
The metamorphic grade process of oil also can be expressed with the curtage relation in time of this capacitor.When measuring with current method, act on the sensing capacitor with a constant pressure source, the electric current of the capacitor of flowing through is inversely proportional to electrical impedance.When measuring with voltage method, act on the sensing capacitor with a constant current source, the voltage on capacitor is proportional to electrical impedance.During, voltage and current method anti-at the above-described measuring resistance of concrete utilization, can be with reference to the relevant technologies details on electricity.Yet which kind of method that don't work is gone measure, the physical quantity of this measurement must be temperature compensated.
Fig. 5 to 7 has disclosed the method for the oil deterioration of above-mentioned measurement.Capacitor with capacitor C can be made up of the parallel institute of plural metallic conductor, and must design between metallic conductor has enough gaps, to guarantee freely circulating of oil.Fig. 5 one is used for the synoptic diagram of the voltage divider of impedance bioelectrical measurement.With an alternating voltage V that fixed voltage value arranged AAct on a sensing capacitor and a connected known electric impedance Z RefOn the element, the electrical impedance of capacitor has been represented oily metamorphic grade.In a kind of example, resistance can be used as known electric impedance element.
Fig. 6 has shown and has utilized constant pressure source V 0The synoptic diagram measured of current method, represent the metamorphic grade of oil by the electric current of capacitor.
Fig. 7 has shown and has utilized constant current source I 0The synoptic diagram measured of voltage method, act on the metamorphic grade that voltage on the capacitor is represented oil.
Curve representation among Fig. 8 the electrical impedance Z relevant, electric current I and voltage V and oil rotten with the relation that changes service time with the sensing capacitor of detecting sensor.Therefrom can see the electrical impedance that is used for the sensing capacitor that oil detects and voltage with the oil growth of service time, be the aggravation of oil deterioration and smoothly reducing, and electric current increases thereupon.
Electrical principles shows that the electrical impedance of capacitor can be by component, the capacitive impedance X of its imaginary part C=j (1/ ω C) and component, the resistance R of its real part are formed.Use well-known electroporation and can both provide the foundation of analyzing oil deterioration to the measurement of a parameter in these two kinds of parameters, this measurement can use measurement mechanism to comprise that alternating current analytical equipment 30 (Fig. 9) reaches.Such as information (the Ai Jielun company: Agilent that can obtain electrical impedance, reactance, resistance, electric capacity and phase place with Agilent 4294 model electrical impedance instruments; California, USA Borrow Ao Erduo city: Palo Alto).Phase place also can and obtain with resistance and reactance calculating.
As according to Ai Jielun 4294 structures, then have digitized controller, signal source, transducer and vector ratio detector.Wherein signal source provides the ac-excited signal with all sweep frequencies and degree of amplitude modulation that is applied on the sensor.Transducer converts the electrical impedance that measures to two kinds of ac signal voltages.The vector ratio detector changes into numerical data with two kinds of ac signal voltages again.And digitized controller comprises the test result that the processing numerical data is exported sample.
This measurement mechanism also can be from designing according to the electronic circuit of touching like the locking principle of measuring, and seemingly measure digital quantity converter and be connected to digitizing (the Princeton applied research company: Princeton Applied Research partly of collecting data in interior syndeton through including to touch, tennessee,USA Ou Ke Ritchie city: Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA).In addition also can Applied Digitalization similar in appearance to above-mentioned touch locking principle like amount, be digitized correlation principle (Su Leqiang company: Solartron, Britain breathe out general prefecture method Du Lafushi: Fardoroagh, Hampshire, UK).
Above-mentioned technology has been used the principle of the alternating current driver signal of single sine wave.In addition also can use the principle of many sine wave exciting signals, and (Cha Na-Ai Er is the strange company of Ke Jiemubu and Cook but: Zahner-Elektrik Gmbh﹠amp more can to use the Fourier frequency switch technology; CokG, Luo Nake coughs up in Germany: Kronach, Germany).
Except above-mentioned business-like instrument, also can use and comprise that electronics integrated wafer AD5933 (simulation device company, Massachusetts, United States) makes measurement mechanism.The operation of this wafer be according to discrete type Fourier's principle be created in the real part of the electrical impedance on each frequency and the data of imaginary part.
Be appreciated that if in measurement, only need to use single-frequency, can use the pumping signal of the square wave, triangular wave and the sawtooth wave form that comprise ac-excited signal.The measurement mechanism that produces the pumping signal of single-frequency can be used well-known oscillator, include the capacitance-resistance phaseshift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator: Wien-Bridge Oscillator, Ku Er splits time oscillator: Colpitts Oscillator, Tim Hartley oscillator: Hartley Oscillator and square-wave oscillator (A Mingniya: Aminian, A.; Triumphant plucked instrument Mick fork clip: Kazimierczuk, M.; Electron device is from designing: Electronic Devices, a design approach; Bi Yaxun, Pan Tesi room printing firm: Pearson, PrenticeHall, 2004).
The above open well-known technology of having narrated, it has used a traditional capacitor that is used as sensor, detects oil and comprise the rotten of lubricating oil under periodic, as to comprise sinusoidal wave alternating current excitation.Yet, as what in " background technology " of the present disclosure, narrated, at the key of detection technique, promptly be also exist on the electrical characteristic of traditional capacitor and the output factor to its improved may.
By shown in Figure 9 be to be preferred first embodiment of the present invention of representative with detecting sensor 26, detecting sensor has first a capacitive sensor C1 who is used to detect, is that it is to traditional improved result of the capacitor that two electrodes are arranged.Sensor C1 has the space electrode 1,2 and 3 of the first, the second and the 3rd identical en plaque.They by equidistantly, sequentially, aligned with each other and be arranged in parallel and formed accordingly in the bottom, the centre and at the electrode at top.First and the 3rd electrode 1 and 3 is outer electrodes, is used as the parallel connection of first lead of first extraction pole 4 and formed first group Integrated electrode by one.Second electrode 2 is to be between the space of first and the 3rd electrode formation, connected by second lead that is used as second extraction pole 5.The first capacitive sensor C1 comprises that with measurement mechanism 30 the alternating current analytical equipment is connected with 5 by first and second extraction poles 4 that connect it, thereby obtains the ac-excited signal of its output.
Be appreciated that, from the purpose of facility narration, on three electrodes chatted are the states that are manipulated so horizontal arrangement.In fact, these electrodes can be manipulated so with the state that laterally has any angle.
If first and second electrodes 1 as for the output amplitude sensor of the electrical properties of sensor C1 are identical with two electrode plates of a capacitor with 2, are the output amplitudes that is equivalent to two parallel connected capacitors.Yet sensor C1 only has the space electrode of three en plaques to be come than four electrode plates that capacitor had of two connections, so the volume that sensor C1 has than two capacitors that connect is little volume.Come like this to compare with two traditional capacitors, the of the present invention first capacitive sensor C1 has the signal of the electrical properties of the oil that comprises the identical output amplitude that obtains from a test oil, comprised that because of having lacked electrode the character of the uniqueness of the volume that has reduced is arranged but have.This character makes sensor of the present invention require to have advance in the miniaturization of one of sensor technology.
By shown in Figure 9, first and second extraction poles 4 of sensor C1 comprise that with measurement mechanism alternating current analytical equipment 30 is connected with 5, thereby alternating voltage can be applied on the sensor again.Be appreciated that when the positive potential of alternating voltage is to be applied on first extraction pole 4 and negative potential is when being applied on second extraction pole 5, the outer electrode 1 and 3 of sensor has been a positive polarization, and inside middle electrode 2 has been negative polarizations.The electrode screening of the positive polarization of such two outsides at the electrode of the negative polarization of bosom, promptly the electric field of sensor C1 is symmetrical with respect to target.
Identical state also occur in when positive potential be to be applied on the inner target 2 and on the negative potential electrode 1 and 3 externally.This just makes sensor C1 have unique electrical properties, and the electrode in the middle of having comprised is always had symmetry by the electric field of two electrode screenings of outside and sensor for centering on its ambient electromagnetic field.These character are crucial for using the present invention who exchanges electricity.
Be appreciated that than the electrode number that Integrated electrode allowed according to spirit of the present invention and purpose, first embodiment of the above-mentioned first capacitive sensor C1 that is used to detect has only been used the electrode of minimized number en plaque.In a broad aspect, according to general embodiment, capacitive sensor C1 can have the identical en plaque electrode of odd number, they by equidistantly, sequentially, aligned with each other and be arranged in parallel.The electrode that has the odd number ordinal number in these electrodes is connected abreast by first lead that is used as first extraction pole and has formed first group Integrated electrode, in this group two outmost and one at the electrode of centre outmost and middle electrode as sensor.Electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by second lead that is used as second extraction pole and has formed second group Integrated electrode.As can be known, on electricity, first group Integrated electrode has shielded second group Integrated electrode.
By Fig. 9 demonstration is the method for first preferred embodiment according to the present invention.This method has been used the first capacitive sensor C1 and has been detected situation at the oil that uses: comprise oil level when oil level is reduced to oil mass as the minimum value, the residue use amount of undesired rotten and normal rotten and this oil oil when not moisture of oil when moisture.
Comprise also in this embodiment and used a reference sensor 28 that it has second a capacitive sensor C2 who is used for reference compensates the electrical properties of the measurement that obtains that is caused by the oil temperature fluctuation on the first capacitive sensor C1 fluctuation.The structure of this capacitive sensor C2 is identical with the first capacitive sensor C1's, have the first, the second and the 3rd en plaque electrode 1 ', 2 ' with 3 ' with first and second extraction poles 4 ' and 5 ' that are connected with alternating current analytical equipment 30.The method of this scheme comprises:
A) provide an oil 22 that is using that does not contain moisture.It is placed in the oil accumulator of a machinery oil system that includes oil groove, for example in the container of the crankcase 34 of internal combustion engine or transmitting transformer.
B) provide a reference oil 24 that does not contain moisture.This oil is sealed in the container, and this container is to be placed on the zone that the oil 22 that uses of coexisting has uniform temp.
In the first embodiment, to have the oil that uses of coexisting be the identical thermophysical property of measured oil 22 to reference oil 24, the variation of the reference oil electrical properties that promptly caused by temperature variation is identical with the variation of measured oil.Reference oil can be without the oil that uses in addition or the oil that makes the oil of having used up or partly used.As reference oil in Figure 10 24 and the tested oil 22 using is the oil without use of the same model of same manufacturer production.
C) provide a detecting sensor 26, it has comprised first a capacitive sensor C1 who is used to detect.
In the first embodiment, detecting sensor 26 can also comprise that one is used as outer cover sensor container, that have porous.This outer cover allow the oil that uses circulate and protect the first capacitive sensor C1 in detecting sensor fully, dotted so should cover among Fig. 9 outward.
D) provide a reference sensor 28, it has comprised that one is used for the second capacitive sensor C2 of reference.Be sealed in the container and be immersed in 24 li of reference oils with reference to the sensor C2 of usefulness.The second capacitive sensor C2 is identical with the first capacitive sensor C1.
By shown in Figure 9, represent the container of sealing by a square.Be appreciated that the container of relevant detection and reference sensor has identical mechanical parameter, container is preferably made by metal or metal alloy, has identical electromechanical performance so they provide for corresponding sensor.Detecting sensor 26 and reference sensor 28 also can be designed to integrated simultaneously.
E) detecting sensor 26 is placed in the oil system, it is tested in the oil 22 that uses that the capacitive sensor C1 that wins is immersed in fully.
F) measure following any a kind of electrical properties with a measurement mechanism 30 in measuring for the first time, the electrical properties that the first capacitive sensor C1 from detecting sensor obtains is EP C1, that the second capacitive sensor C2 from reference sensor obtains is EP C2, the electrical properties of measurement comprises the electrical impedance of the first capacitive sensor C1 and the electrical impedance of the second capacitive sensor C2; By the electric current of the first capacitive sensor C1 and the electric current of the second capacitive sensor C2; Voltage on the voltage on the first capacitive sensor C1 and the second capacitive sensor C2.
G) in conjunction with the electrical properties EP of first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor C1Electrical properties EP with second capacitive sensor of reference sensor C2Thereby, obtaining the temperature compensated electrical properties measured for the first time of first capacitive sensor, it has represented the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that measures in the first time of the oil that uses T, i(M).This electrical properties EP T, i(M) can represent detected going bad at the oil 22 that uses.Here letter e P has represented oil properties, and temperature compensation represented in the letter of wherein making a bet " T ", and the letter of making a bet " i " has been represented to measure for the first time, and letter ' M ' has represented that electrical properties obtains by measuring.
By shown in Figure 9, the electrical properties EP of first capacitive sensor of detecting sensor C1Electrical properties EP with second capacitive sensor of reference sensor C2Through 30 combinations of measurement mechanism, obtain the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring the first time on first capacitive sensor like this.It can make result's announcement by display 32 under user's selection.
Figure 10 and 11 explanation the present invention can compensate the electrical properties EP of the first capacitive sensor C1 that detects usefulness by the second capacitive sensor C2 of reference usefulness C1Temperature variant fluctuation.Resulting by the sensor of reference usefulness is the curve of Figure 10 middle and upper part, and resulting from the sensor that detects usefulness is the curve of bottom.In this first scheme, reference oil is untapped oil or fresh oil, and it has the same brand and type with the tested oil 22 using.
As described in Figure, at time interval Δ t 1In, with reference to the electrical properties EP of the sensor of usefulness C2Has a numerical value EP who determines C2(N).This numerical value correspondence its electrical properties under normal temperature.Yet at time interval Δ t 2In since the variation of oil temperature with reference to the electrical properties EP of the sensor of usefulness C2Raise.Equally at time interval Δ t 3In this numerical value be returned to normally.At time interval Δ t 4In this numerical value EP C2Once more owing to temperature variation raises.
In addition, reference oil is separately sealing, so it is not subjected to influence because of the environmental change that operation caused of machine, thereby between its whole operating period, it undergoes no deterioration.This specific character can be by unaltered in the drawings electrical properties EP C2(N) illustrate, wherein EP C2(N) numerical value of the normal electrical properties after the fresh oil that has been the second capacitive sensor filling.
This electrical properties EP C2Feature be to be used as the benchmark electrical properties EP behind the measured oil 22 that proofreaied and correct or compensated the first capacitive sensor C1 filling C1The fluctuation that caused by temperature variation.In addition, the electrical properties of first capacitive sensor is that the rotten of oil that is subjected to increasing with use influences.And tested the oil that uses can from a fresh oil or untapped oil become when it used fully later one make the oil of having used up.So the numerical value of the initial electrical properties of the first capacitive sensor C1 is the numerical value EP with the second capacitive sensor C2 C2(N) identical.
It is worthy of note, be acted upon by temperature changes, electrical properties EP C1With electrical properties EP C2Change be identical.Because these two capacitive sensors are in the environment of same temperature, they separately the oil of institute's filling have same or similar thermal property.These two capacitive sensors have identical structural parameters in addition.Like this, according to below the equation [1] listed, come in conjunction with electrical properties EP C1And EP C2, can obtain a kind of temperature compensated electrical properties EP of measurement of first capacitive sensor T(M), it has represented going bad at the oil 22 that uses.
The electrical properties curve that is worth being pointed out that once more, draws among Figure 11 has been represented the change with service time of electrical impedance or voltage.If express with electric current, its curve is as shown in Fig. 8.
As for how in conjunction with the electrical properties of these two capacitive sensors, a kind of preferred scheme is the electrical properties EP that uses because of the variation of the caused first capacitive sensor C1 of variation of temperature C1Deduct the electrical properties EP of the identical variation of the second capacitive sensor C2 C2Represented as following formula:
EP T(M)＝EP C1-EP C2+EP C2(N) [1]
EP wherein C2N represents the numerical value of the electrical properties that the second capacitive sensor C2 with reference to usefulness obtains under the normal temperature situation.Use this numerical value can make the curve of temperature compensated electrical properties and the use relation of oil be in electrical properties on the occasion of the territory.The Y number axis has been represented one testedly at the oil that uses among the figure, comprises that it is that fresh oil, part are used and the temperature compensated electrical properties when making used up oily.The X number axis has been represented in the metamorphic process of oil, the service time of each process.
Certainly come in conjunction with electrical properties EP with other method C1And EP C2Also be fine, such as being (EP C1-EP C2).So long as this method utilization is eliminated the influence of temperature fluctuation to the electrical properties of the sensor of detection usefulness with reference to the electrical properties of the sensor of usefulness.If use (EP in addition C2-EP C1) associated methods, can obtain the curve of oil deterioration as shown in FIG. 1.
Moreover with reference to Fig. 9 in Figure 11 and the aforesaid step f of this paper, applicable electrical properties comprise electrical impedance indivedual compositions, be resistance R and reactance X C, the process of oil deterioration is described to replace the electricity consumption impedance Z.Required instrument and the method for measurement for indivedual compositions of electrical impedance is well-known, measuring technology and the method that also can use in this article to be mentioned.
Here it must be noted that " untapped oil " is meant new, promptly refer to from factory produce, without any use, do not contain the oil of any pollutant." partly used oil " is meant and has wherein stockpiled a certain amount of pollutant by the oil that uses a period of time.
Figure 11 has shown that after the electrical properties of combined sensor C1 and sensor C2 the temperature compensated electrical properties that obtains is with the relation of service time.The temperature compensated electrical properties EP on first capacitive sensor that this figure shows TCurve be the electrical properties of on each measurement point, measuring that combines at the first capacitive sensor C1 and the second capacitive sensor C2, promptly to make the result of the pairing change in electrical properties of whole use amount of the oil of having used up from a fresh oil at the oil that uses.
In addition at the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation shown in Figure 11 T(M) in the curve, used time t to be used as independent variable.But, except the time, also can use other variable.For example the mileage number driven of automobile can be used as the relation that independent variable is described temperature compensated change in electrical properties.
Figure 12 has described the method for another kind of utilization temperature compensation.In this scheme, one makes the oil used up rather than new or original oil be used as reference oil 24, and the sensor C1 that promptly detects usefulness immerses just in the detected oil 22 that is using.But with reference to the sensor C2 of usefulness is to immerse this to make in the oil of having used up, and it has normal numerical value EP C2(N ').This makes the oil of having used up be meant that this oil has accumulated a large amount of pollutants, thereby completely loses its spendable greasy property.This oil of having used up that makes has identical thermal property with measured oil 22.Like this at time slot Δ t 2With Δ t 4In, because the variation of temperature of oil has caused the sensor C1 that detects usefulness and with reference to the electrical properties EP of the sensor C2 of usefulness C1And EP C2Identical variation.If the electrical properties that capacitive sensor C1 and C2 measure is as aforesaid method and combination, the curve institute that the curve of the temperature compensated electrical properties on the resulting first capacitive sensor C1 then coexists among Figure 11 is identical.
By following argumentation, be appreciated that the electrical properties EP that Figure 11 enumerates T(M) can be used for representing rotten or oil level oily under different situations.
In addition, to g, can obtain temperature compensated electrical properties EP according to the step a of above announcement for tested expection at the oil 22 that uses T(P) curve, its reflected moisture free detected be a fresh oil to becoming a normal rotten overall process that makes the oil of having used up at the oil that uses from it.Wherein letter " P " mean electrical properties EP be according to the use amount of corresponding oil obtain through estimating.This curve has comprised that the tested oil using is the electrical properties EP of fresh oil or original oil T, NAnd it becomes the electrical properties EP when making used up oily T, SMany corresponding electrical properties EP different, the used oil of part are arranged at this between the two, T, PSThis electrical properties EP T, PSReflected moisture free the oil that uses different rotten with respect to different use amounts in the process on the turn.
Be appreciated that, in order to set forth the present invention, used the definition of many same meanings, such as " one has comprised the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that measures T(M) curve ", " curve of a temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring ", " character an EP who measures T(M) curve " and " curve includes the character EP of measurement T(M) ".Have also similarly, that " one has comprised the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that estimates T(P) curve ", the curve of a temperature compensated electrical properties of estimating ", " character an EP who estimates T(P) curve " and " curve includes the character EP of expectation T(P) ".In addition, " the temperature compensated electrical properties EP of measurement TAnd " the temperature compensated electrical properties EP of expectation (M) " T(P) " can be reduced to " the character EP of measurement respectively TAnd " the character EP of expectation (M) " T(P) "." the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation in the same manner, T, N", " the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation T, S" and " the electrical properties EP of temperature compensation T" can distinguish simply and to be " character EP T, N", " character EP T, S" and " character EP T".
The electrical properties curve of the measured oil of estimating can be obtained by multiple foregoing method.Below be through the oil 22 rotten overall processes of experimental simulation, thereby obtain an electrical properties EP who estimates in use T(P) method of curve.
When tested be fresh oil or when not being used, it does not contain moisture certainly at the oil that uses.This oil is detected to g according to above-mentioned step a, thereby obtains electrical properties EP T, NThen this moisture free fresh oil is by on purpose rotten to certain degree after through the experiment of an experimental period that is predetermined.What must determine is, the situation of experiment must be same as or very near the situation of the actual use of this measured oil.Moisture free like this fresh oil has become a part of used oil, has the known variate degree according to the experimental period decision.It is detected to g according to above-mentioned step a more then, obtains a corresponding electrical properties EP like this T, PS
This used oil of part with known metamorphic grade further goes bad through experiment according to the identical experimental period that is predetermined once more then.Must be clear and definite be that experimental conditions must be consistent in the whole rotten experimentation of oil.This oil that has further gone bad is detected to g by testing procedure a more then, and obtains comparing with aforementioned metamorphic grade the electrical properties EP of the oil that bigger metamorphic grade is arranged T, PS '
According to above-mentioned method, finish the thoroughly rotten and detection of oil.Should just become at oil of using like this and made the oil of having used up, so also just obtained the curve of the temperature compensated electrical properties of complete expectation.It has reflected the oil 22 that uses normal rotten during at moisture-free.In addition, reference oil also can be used to the curve of the electrical properties so estimated.Because as previously mentioned, reference oil is moisture free, and has the oil that uses 22 of coexisting identical model and trade mark.
Like this, first embodiment of the present invention continues to include following claim step:
H) set up curve to the temperature compensated electrical properties of the expectation of measured oil according to step a to g, it has reflected normal rotten at the oil that uses, and the curve of this expectation includes an electrical properties EP T, N, it is the electrical properties that obtains after testing and another electrical properties EP that is not used not moisture timesharing at the oil that uses T, S, it is to be used the electrical properties of having use up and having obtained after testing during moisture-free at the oil that uses.
Now being described in detail the normal of simply narrating of oil by Figure 13 and 14 in Fig. 4 goes bad.In the identical situation that Figure 13 and 14 is narrated, the curve of the electrical properties of measurement is corresponding to the curve of estimating.But, only shown the curve that measures of oily part among this two figure in order to compare with the following improper metamorphic facies that is about to the oil of narration.
Among Figure 13, comprised that by the curve of the expectation of dotted line representative at the oil that uses be fresh oil, partly the electrical properties of the oil used up of used oil and making.By the curve through measuring of the part of solid line representative narrated tested the oil that uses when its from fresh oil after being used a period of time to moment t iThe time partly rotten, corresponding at the oil that uses at this t constantly iThe electrical properties of measurement be EP T, j(M).The character EP of this measurement T, j(M) be with respect to first use amount comprise first service time t j, first measurement through measuring for the first time character EP T(M), it is used as an example and illustrates how the present invention uses the situation of judging oil with the character of estimating of measurement.Correspondingly, in the curve of estimating this constantly, the electrical properties EP of the expectation of a correspondence is arranged T, i(P), the character EP that estimates its first time that is used as present case T(P).As seen from the figure, this that measure for the first time and electrical properties EP that estimate T, i(M) and EP T, i(P) identical.
Figure 14 narrated with Figure 13 in the curve of identical electrical properties through measuring and estimating to obtain.Use the time of using as independent variable but be different from Figure 13, Figure 14 has used the actual use amount U of oil as variable, can simply is " use amount " in the following description.The electrical properties EP separately of the oil used up of fresh oil and making like this T, NAnd EP T, SCorresponding and the use amount U separately of difference NAnd U SUse amount U SRepresented and be changed to when making used up oily the used mileage number of institute or used time between the whole operating period of the oil that uses from a fresh oil.
Must be clear that, because the consistance of the electrical properties of that measure and expection, from measure and expection obtains all can be corresponding to the electrical properties that is fresh oil when making used up oily respectively with identical EP T, NAnd EP T, SRepresent.Correspondingly, but the whole use amounts at the oil that uses can be expressed as Δ U F=(U S-U N), the electrical properties that it is corresponding be changed to Δ EP T=(EP T, N-EP T, S).Figure 14 has also narrated in addition, for the first time the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that measures T, i(M) at the first identical use amount U iThe time, with the character EP that estimates for the first time T, i(P) consistent.Its represented oil normal rotten.
Obtained above-mentioned conclusion, first embodiment of the present invention continues to include following claim step:
I) set up a spendable gamut at the oil that uses and be Δ U F=(U S-U N), it changes into Δ EP with respect to electrical properties T=(EP T, N-EP T, S), wherein You use amount U has reflected this actual use amount at the oil that uses, and is electrical properties EP TIndependent variable, U NBe the actual use amount when the oil that uses is a fresh oil, and U SBe to be an actual use amount when making used up oily at the oil that uses.
J) to having the electrical properties EP that measures for the first time at it at the oil that uses T, i(M) time definition from measure for the first time normalized first time oil residue utilization rate R M, iFor: R M, i=[EP T, i(M)-EP T, S]/[EP T, N-EP T, S], R wherein M, iBe the residue utilization rate at the oil that uses, its numerical value is to being 1 to being zero when making used up oily when the fresh oil.R M, iCan be defined as " the residue utilization rate R that measure the first time by summary M, i".
Further be defined in the residue use amount of measuring for the first time from measuring for the first time of the oil that uses again and be R M, iΔ U F=R M, iX (U S-U N).
Correspondingly, has the character EP that measures for the first time T, iThe deterioration rate of the normalized oil that measure the first time at the oil that uses (M) can be defined as D M, i=[EP T, N-EP T, i(M)]/[EP T, N-EP T, S].This deterioration rate is to being zero when the oil that uses is fresh oil, to being 1 when being to use use up oily.D M, iCan be " the deterioration rate D that measure the first time by summary M, i".
In addition, according to the electrical properties EP who estimates on the electrical properties curve of estimating T(P), can set up the residue utilization rate of a normalized oil of estimating similarly.For example in Figure 13 and 14, according to first service time t jOr the first use amount U SThe character EP that estimates the corresponding first time is arranged T, i(P).The residue utilization rate of estimating is R so for the first time P, iBe equal to [EP T, i(P)-EP T, S]/[EP T, N-EP T, S], and then the residue use amount R that estimates the corresponding first time is arranged P, iΔ U FAnd the normalized oil deterioration rate D that estimates for the first time P, i=[EP T, N-EP T, i(P)]/[EP T, N-EP T, S].D P, iCan slightly be called " the deterioration rate D that estimate the first time P, i".
According to the narration of Figure 14, the residue utilization rate R that measure the first time M, iWith the residue utilization rate R that estimates for the first time P, iCorresponding to the first identical use amount U iBe corresponding to.The residue use amount R that measures so for the first time M, iΔ U FAlso with the residue use amount R that estimates for the first time P, iΔ U FConsistent.Under this situation, can judge normal rotten at the oil that uses, and can determine that the residue use amount of measuring for the first time represented the real surplus amount of making at the oil that uses.
Like this, from above-mentioned step j, the inventive method continues that following step is arranged:
K) from the curve of the electrical properties estimated, according to this first identical use amount U iDecide the electrical properties EP that estimates for the first time T, i(P), it is than the electrical properties EP that measures from the first time that measures for the first time T, iAnd be based upon the normalized residue utilization rate of estimating for the first time of the oil that uses and be R (M), P, i=[EP T, i(P)-EP T, S]/[EP T, N-EP T, S] and the residue use amount of estimating for the first time be R P, iΔ U F
Simultaneously also can obtain conclusion:, then judge use oily water-free normal rotten and determine that the residue use amount of measuring for the first time represented the real surplus use amount at the oil of use if the residue use amount of the oil of measuring is to be analogous to the residue use amount of estimating for the first time for the first time.
When using above-mentioned conclusion, the similarity with the residue use amount oil of estimating for the first time that measure for the first time can be easily from determining a predetermined threshold values to define.
Must be clear and definite be, residue utilization rate R that above-mentioned first time is estimated P, iWith the residue utilization rate R that measures for the first time M, iBe change [EP according to electrical properties T, N-EP T, S] and the range (U of use amount S-U N) between have a hypothesis of linear relationship and derive out, so the primary residue use amount R that measures M, iΔ U FIt is a very approaching approximate value to the residue use amount of reality.
Also must be clear and definite be if when between the change of electrical properties and use amount range, not having linear relationship, also can derive the residue utilization rate R ' of a normalized oil.
Yet, no matter at temperature compensated electrical properties EP measurement and that estimate of the oil that uses T(M) and EP T(P) which kind of shape curve is, actual residue use amount always can be correct is expressed as Δ U M=(U S-U i).As shown in Figure 14, U iBe the used mileage number of oil institute that uses for " i " or used time first use amount of oil during for " i ", its simultaneously corresponding to the first time when oil normal rotten that measure with electrical properties EP expectation T, i(M) and EP T, i(P).The real surplus use amount of estimating is Δ U so for the first time P=(U S-U p), it is equal to the real surplus use amount Δ U that measures for the first time M=(U S-U M)=(U S-U i), because the use amount U that measures the first time MWith the use amount U that estimates PEqual the first use amount U of oil iThis has also just verified the normal rotten of oil and has confirmed oily real surplus use amount.
Then the curve of measuring by Figure 14 more as can be known, up to the first use amount U iThe time character EP that estimates T(P) and the character EP that measures T(M) consistent, this has represented the rotten of the oil that uses is to develop under the mode of estimating.Yet by following discussion, as can be known at the first use amount U iThe time imminent situation caused the electrical properties EP that measures T(M) numerical value is different from expectation character EP T(P) numerical value.
Figure 15 has narrated undesired the going bad that detects when the oil that uses contains moisture.And the phenomenon of water is to the first use amount U in the oil iIn time, just take place.As described in Figure and the normally rotten electrical properties EP of the representative of estimating for the first time oil moisture-free T, i(P) compare, the character of measurement has the electrical properties EP that measures from the first time that measures for the first time T, i(M) to the electrical properties EP that measures from the second time that measures for the second time T, i, w(M) a reality so changes.Be the first use amount U from use amount then iBeginning, the electrical properties curve of measurement are as one man, are separated with the curve of estimating abreast.
In order at large to narrate above-mentioned phenomenon, Figure 16 has amplified among Figure 15 electrical properties at the first use amount U of independent variable iPlay the curve of that a part of electrical properties that changes suddenly, but in Figure 16, use the time of using as independent variable.The situation that Figure 16 narrated can be used to judge to have moisture in oil.For example in the parts of an internal combustion engine, owing to the coolant seal of internal combustion engine suddenly, a spot of partly the damage cause a small amount of chilled water to enter into grease-box suddenly, this has just caused the electrical properties of the measurement of corresponding flip-flop among Figure 16.Perhaps can infer the fact that causes above-mentioned electrical properties to change by other reason, but entering of water is the most likely reason that causes this flip-flop.Because the specific inductive capacity of water be significantly, about 3 to 4 times degree, greater than the specific inductive capacity of oil.
When having moisture in the oil, can reduce the electrical impedance of first capacitive sensor that detects usefulness, the perhaps voltage on this sensor, and the electric current that passes through this sensor that has increased accordingly.Like this, the fact that has moisture in the oil has suddenly caused the unexpected variation of the electrical properties of first capacitive sensor that detects usefulness.With electrical properties EP by expectation T(P) the normal metamorphic facies ratio of the oil of representative, the electrical properties of measuring the second time that measure the second time during from this variation has suddenly shown the metamorphic grade of excessive oil.
Again by shown in Figure 16, at time interval Δ t iIn first service time t iThe time, the electrical properties EP that measures from the first time that measures for the first time T, i(M) suddenly drop to the electrical properties EP that measures from the second time that measures for the second time as electrical impedance or voltage T, i, w(M), wherein subscript " w " representative has moisture.Figure 16 also shows, in this time interval, the electrical properties curve of measurement is unceasingly along the initial slope of curve, in other words along at the t service time first time iThe form that the initial properties that before exists changes and reducing.This be because in oil, exist the mobile equilibrium of the water yield cause, be that excessive moisture is evaporated and causes the small amount of moisture that continues to exist constant in the oil that uses.
With Figure 16 narrated at short time interval Δ t iIn the phenomenon that exists of water compare, Figure 15 has narrated especially than the numerical value of estimating, how to have caused the change to the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring when Water in oil, and the change of the residue use amount of corresponding oil.
By shown in Figure 15, from the first use amount U iIn time, rise, the electrical properties EP at the oil that uses that is mixed with constant moisture of measurement T(M) the electrical properties EP of moisture free oil of estimating together T(P) equally presented the situation that the identical change with use amount changes.Like this, the curve of electrical properties on the estimation, the electrical properties EP of the moisture oil of measuring for the second time T, i, w(M) it is U that numerical value is equal in use amount jThe time the water-free electrical properties EP of expectation T, j(P).
The electrical properties EP of Yu Jiing significantly, T, j(P) numerical value is less than the electrical properties EP that estimates for the first time T, i(P) numerical value.This electrical properties as many as one that just means the oil that is mixed with water is than due use amount U iWant many use amount U jThe time water-free oil properties.Or say than electrical properties EP by the expectation first time T, i(P) metamorphic grade of the oil of being estimated, the oil properties that is mixed with water have shown more going bad.First use amount at oil is U like this iThe time, the residue utilization rate that measured the second time of the oil that is mixed with water is that the use amount that equals at oil is U jThe time oil estimated utilization rate R P, j=[EP T, j(P)-EP T, S]/[EP T, N-EP T, S].Outside, the residue use amount that this utilization rate has further determined measure the oily second time is R P, jΔ U F
Can see the residue utilization rate R of expectation P, jBe less than being U in first use amount iThe time the residue utilization rate R that the estimates first time P, iThe residue use amount R of the same oil of estimating P, jΔ U FBe the residue use amount R that estimates less than for the first time P, iΔ U FYet, oil residue use amount R P, iΔ U FIt is the normal metamorphic grade that is used for estimating water-free oil.So just can affirm, when undesired rotten that water exists arranged, the residue use amount R that measures for the second time at the oil that uses MΔ U FResidue use amount R less than the oil of estimating the first time when identical first use amount PΔ U FIt must be noted that above discussion has provided a common conclusion, it is applicable to judging, as long as when detecting first capacitive sensor of usefulness and all being immersed in the oil water mixture, under any circumstance contains the situation of moisture in the oil.
Like this, the present invention behind aforesaid step k, undesired rotten at the oil that uses that has following step to come judgement to cause owing to the existence of water:
1) in measuring for the second time according to the first actual use amount of oil, repeat above-mentioned step f and obtain the temperature compensated electrical properties that measures for the second time of first capacitive sensor to g, it has represented the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses, and can obtain the residue utilization rate and the residue use amount of the measurement second time of corresponding oil.
M) if the residue use amount of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses is to be analogous to the residue use amount R that estimates for the first time P, iΔ U F, then judge use oily water-free normal rotten and determine that the residue use amount of measuring for the second time represented the real surplus use amount at the oil of use.
When using above-mentioned conclusion, the similarity with the residue use amount oil of estimating for the first time that measure for the second time can be easily from determining a predetermined threshold values to define.
N) if the residue use amount of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses is the residue use amount R less than the oil of estimating for the first time P, iΔ U F, then conclude at the oil that uses and contain the undesired rotten of moisture.
Be appreciated that conclusion in step m be according to previous described use oily anhydrous the time normal rottenly come, if i.e. the residue use amount R that is measuring for the first time at the oil of use M, iΔ U FBe to be analogous to the residue use amount R that estimates for the first time M, iΔ U FIn.Conclusion in step m also is reasonably, because the residue use amount or the electrical properties at the oil that uses of the measurement that obtains from any one-shot measurement according to the first actual use amount of oil when not containing water in the oil that uses necessarily are similar to residue use amount or the electrical properties of estimating for the first time.
Judge except the residue use amount of above-mentioned utilization oil to exist in the oil the moisture that the present invention can also reach identical conclusion with the real surplus use amount of oil.
By known to Figure 15, because the existence of water, at the first use amount U of oil iThe electrical properties EP that measure the second time that Shi Jing measures T, i, w(M) be with respect to being U in use amount jThe time residue use amount estimated.Like this, concerning moisture oil, the real surplus use amount that measures for the second time is Δ U M=(U S-U M)=(U S-U j).Use amount U wherein MBe the electrical properties EP that measures with respect to for the second time T, i, w(M), so U M=U jYet the electrical properties EP that estimate the first time T, i(P) represented at use amount U iThe time oil normal rotten, so the real surplus use amount of water-free expectation at the oil that uses is Δ U P=(U S-U i).
The real surplus use amount Δ U of Ce Lianging significantly MBe real surplus use amount Δ U less than the expectation that is used to judge PThe same conclusion of so also just having derived:, the improper rotten of in the oil that uses water arranged then if when the real surplus use amount of measuring is less than the real surplus use amount estimated for the first time for the second time.It is anti-with it, by shown in Figure 15, can easily understand, can be from respect to primary use amount U iThe first time or measure for the second time, as at the real surplus amount Δ U that measures and estimate MWith Δ U PIn just can judge when existing consistance and exist water-free normal rotten at the oil that uses.Must be clear and definite be that more than the real surplus use amount of the oil of Li Yonging is analyzed the conclusion that obtains and is specially adapted to the situation that there are not linear relationship in electrical properties and its use amount at the oil that uses.
In addition, the present invention can also utilize the electrical properties that measures for the second time to judge to contain moisture in the oil that uses:
Observe at the oil 22 that uses and contain moisture, as meet the situation of one of the following:
The temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring has represented unexpected change for the second time, and this change has shown than the metamorphic grade of the oil of being estimated by the electrical properties curve of estimating for the first time the rotten of extra degree;
The temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring has a numerical value for the second time, and it is different from the numerical value that the electrical properties by estimating when the use amount of identical oil is scheduled to.The difference of this numerical value has shown that the metamorphic grade than the oil of being judged by the electrical properties of estimating for the first time has the rotten of extra degree.
Figure 17 has shown the electrical properties EP that another application of the present invention is estimated TImproper rotten when detecting water in the oil.Shown in figure, at time interval Δ t=(t j-t i) lining, with respect to the second same time t that uses j, the phenomenon that has taken place has caused the curve with estimating measured inconsistent, has comprised at moment t jThe time electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, j(M) be the character EP that estimates less than for the second time T, j(P), t wherein iBe first time of using, t jIt was second time of using.This phenomenon and above-mentioned conclusion: first service time t iThe time identical first time of the electrical properties measured with estimating contradict.In this case, water is that the speed of the change in electrical properties of the speed of change in electrical properties that can be by more different measurements and expectation is judged in the oil.Exactly, the electrical properties curve of the oil of measurement has presented the speed faster towards the direction of oil deterioration.Speed certainly can be by Δ EP T/ Δ t represents, the metamorphic grade of the oil of judging with the electrical properties of estimating is compared like this, just shown the excessive rotten of oil from the fact of the resulting speed faster of electrical properties measured.
Can infer, a possible reason be the water yield in oil in time increase and increase and caused above-mentioned phenomenon.It can occur in such as waterstop ring enough big breakage, and causes a large amount of water to enter into oil system, and this has just destroyed the mobile equilibrium of the water yield in oil as describing among Figure 16.
Be appreciated that if in the oil when not moisture, can decide the time t of use for the second time according to the similarity of the electrical properties of estimating the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the second time and the corresponding second time from the curve of estimating jYet in the above-mentioned time interval, if during Water in oil, must have the mode of another nominal time or device calculate since first service time t iThe used use amount that comprises service time that rises.Second use amount can be determined like this, the character EP that estimates for the second time can be determined successively T, jAnd can make (P), as disclosed conclusion among Figure 17.The mode of this second kind of demarcation or device have comprised one in order to calculate vehicle wheel revolution, perhaps the sensor of I. C. engine crankshaft revolution calculates used mileage number, perhaps the digital time calculation element in a microprocessor measures the used time, comprises the time of the generator output electric energy that measures an internal combustion engine.
Except the situation described in Figure 16 and 17, Figure 18 has narrated the situation that another kind of water may exist in oil.Shown in figure, all show identical numerical value in initial moment measurement or the curve of estimating, but the electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, j(M) at second moment t that uses jThe time surpassed one on the electrical properties curve of estimating, at moment t eThe time the extreme value EP of the electrical properties of predesignating T(P E).Curve among the figure has also shown, at moment t jBe early than at the use of predetermined oil t constantly eSituation under, for the second time the electrical properties of measuring has surpassed the ultimate value of this regulation.Certainly, for differentiating early than the phenomenon that takes place except with also expressing the time of using with the mileage number of use.This also is a kind of indication to water in the oil early than the fact that takes place.
According to the narration in Figure 17 and 18, method of the present invention comprises that also using the following any claim step after abovementioned steps g concludes that use oil contains moisture like this:
For the first time and the electrical properties of measuring for the second time shown rotten speed with respect to first and second use amounts at the oil that uses at the oil that uses, be different from the rotten speed of the desired oil of estimating by the first time and the second time of electrical properties, and should difference have shown that the metamorphic grade than the oil of being judged by the electrical properties of expectation had the rotten of extra degree;
For the second time the numerical value of the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring has surpassed the extreme value by the electrical properties curve defined of estimating, and the phenomenon of this extreme value that exceeds the estimates took place early than moment of the generation of being scheduled to by the electrical properties curve of estimating.
Curve display among Figure 19 use t constantly first jThe time, the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring exists an initial unusual EP for the first time T, i, a(M).Then at second moment t that uses jThe time got back to the numerical value EP that estimates for the second time T, j(P).This phenomenon can appear at when existing a spot of condensate water in the lubricating oil, has started in the initial a few minutes behind the cold internal combustion engine.When not starting or just during starting internal combustion engines, because the electrical impedance of the existence of water, oil or numerical value that voltage can be lower than expectation.When engine running after a few minutes, the temperature of machinery raises and condensate water evaporates from oil, so just makes the temperature compensated electrical properties EP of measurement for the second time T, j(M) be returned to the normal value EP that estimates for the second time T, j(P).
According to above-mentioned situation, the present invention has a method that detects at the Water in oil that uses again, comprises step:
One oil of placing in cold crank case of internal combustion engine 22 that is using is provided in aforesaid step a, starting internal combustion engines, if the electrical properties of the temperature compensation of the measured oil of measuring presents in step g unusually at first for the first time, on behalf of the metamorphic grade than the oil of being judged by the curve of the electrical properties of estimating, it the rotten of undue oil arranged, and can determine to contain in measured oil moisture.
At Figure 16, the narration in 17,18 and 19 discloses improper rotten curve anti-according to measuring resistance and that voltage obtains, use and judge oil.If yet judging the improper rotten curve of relevant oil with the measurement electric current, can derive according to the base curve among Fig. 8.
More than first embodiment of disclosed the inventive method used the structure of dual sensor, include one and be immersed in the temperature compensated electrical properties that the second capacitive sensor C2 that is used for reference that the tested first capacitive sensor C1 and that is used for detecting in the oil that uses is immersed in reference oil obtains measured oil.Use the structure of dual sensor, method of the present invention can obtain the residue use amount R of the measurement of measured oil quantitatively MΔ U FPerhaps real surplus use amount Δ U MUse this residue use amount, the present invention can further distinguish going bad when having moisture and not having moisture in the oil that uses.
Figure 23 has narrated the improvement to the first above-mentioned implementation method, comprises having used at least two detecting sensors and their corresponding capacitive sensor.It has comprised first and second detecting sensor at least two detecting sensors, and they can be installed in privileged sites different in the lubricating oil system.Such as resembling the crankcase 34 that has first position of conduct separately at the diesel engine of locomotive engine or steamer, as the oil groove 38 at second position, in the petroleum pipeline 36 that is connected them.Improved like this first embodiment can monitor whether the uneven distribution of oil deterioration is arranged in oil system, can detect moisture especially and whether accumulate in some privileged site in the oil system.
In this improved plan, as shown in figure 23, first at least two detecting sensors and second detecting sensor can combine with same reference sensor.Perhaps first at least two sensors or second detecting sensor can match with an independent reference sensor.The residue use amount that measure the second time of two measured oils of first that these two kinds of selections can obtain corresponding to first and second that sensor installed and second specific region.Compare with the residue use amount of estimating for the first time with the residue use amount of measuring the second time of these two measured oils like this, can conclude:
1) if two residue use amounts of measuring for the second time and the residue use amount of estimating for the first time roughly the same, conclude the even distribution of oil deterioration in oil system, with 2) different if two residue use amounts of measuring are for the second time compared with the residue use amount of estimating for the first time, conclude the non-uniform Distribution of oil deterioration in oil system.
It must be noted that, for said circumstances 2) in difference, whether be because the residue use amount estimated and different in whole two the residue use amounts for the second time measured, or because the residue use amount of measuring the residue use amount of estimating and some second time different if can further analyze.According to spirit of the present invention and purpose, inhomogeneous the going bad that is disclosed in the whole oil system is conspicuous, so this paper has omitted being described in detail this announcement like this.
In addition, it must be noted that more improved first embodiment also can have the 3rd detecting sensor at least two sensors to monitor the distribution of oil deterioration in oil system.
Figure 20 discloses the device synoptic diagram that the present invention detects second embodiment of oil deterioration method.This device only uses a detecting sensor 26, and the electrical properties of the capacitive sensor C1 by measuring this sensor is represented the tested electrical properties at the oil 22 that uses.This electrical properties is temperature compensated, can be according to aforesaid method, and the method that perhaps any phase is willing to, after the temperature of measuring oil, application of compensation factors is come the electrical properties compensation to measuring.Therefore, this second embodiment has comprised following claim step:
A) provide an oil 22 that is using that does not contain moisture.It is placed in the oil accumulator of a machinery oil system that includes oil groove, for example in the container of the crankcase 34 of internal combustion engine or piezoelectric transformer;
B) provide a detecting sensor 26, it has comprised a capacitive sensor C1 who is used to detect;
C) sensor 26 is placed in the oil system, its capacitive sensor C1 is immersed in the oil 22 that uses;
D) measure the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the first time of this capacitive sensor with a measurement mechanism in measuring for the first time, this character is following any: the electrical impedance of capacitive sensor C1; Electric current by capacitive sensor C1; Voltage on capacitive sensor C1, it has represented the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that measures in the first time of the oil that uses T, i(M).
In addition, except that following the temperature compensated electrical properties that above-mentioned step obtains the measurement in steps d, second embodiment also comprises step e:
(e) foundation is reflected in a normal rotten temperature compensated electrical properties EP who estimates of the oil of use T(P) curve, it comprise when water-free measured be electrical properties EP when not being used at the oil that uses T, NWith when water-free be the electrical properties EP that is used when having use up at the oil that uses T, S
In case set up the electrical properties EP that estimates T(P) curve, second embodiment of the present invention can be used all claims in the first embodiment, comprises that remain the size of use amount R Δ U and real surplus use amount Δ U and judge whether the rotten of oil takes place the second time that compares and measures the oil of two kinds of forms that obtain with the residue use amount of estimating when water or anhydrous the existence are arranged.Further the residue use amount of measuring the second time when oil is not moisture certainly is the real surplus use amount that equals oil, and the deterioration rate D of confirmable oil.
Other second embodiment also can be comprehensively at Figure 16, undesired rotten all forms of expression of the oil of being narrated in 17,18 and 19.Yet, in order to shorten length of the present invention, all strategies that once elaborated in the first embodiment can be in second embodiment repeated description again.
Must be pointed out that once more that according to spirit of the present invention and purpose second embodiment also comprises the electrical properties of using resistance and capacitive impedance.
Have again, second embodiment also can be applicable to described in Figure 23 is that at least two used detecting sensors of first scheme are come the full oil system monitoring to machinery, comprises the distribution whether uneven oil deterioration is arranged.
The method of II, detection oil level
As everyone knows, in the operational process of mechanical ratio such as internal combustion engine, lubricating oil can be consumed because of use.This just causes the oil mass that is placed in the oil system to reduce and the reduction of oil level.When oil mass was reduced to less than usually minimum value by machine-building merchant regulation, the moving component of machinery just can not be effectively protected.Therefore be necessary very much to provide a method, it can detect the oil level when the oil mass of the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value immediately.
Described by Fig. 9, when detecting sensor 26 is mounted on the vertical tank wall of I. C. engine crankshaft fuel tank, its first capacitive sensor C1 that is used for detecting is immersed in testedly at the oil 22 that uses, and the position 44 of oil level is consistent during with oil mass bottom line value.During the oil level when oil level is reduced to oil mass bottom line value, first capacitive sensor that detects usefulness is not to be immersed in the measured oil fully just like this.This time, capacitive sensor than the lower part by in the oily institute filling of using, and its than top by the filling of air institute.Compare when being immersed in the measured oil fully with this capacitive sensor like this, the partition capacitance sensor can be caused the change of the temperature compensated electrical properties of this capacitive sensor by the situation of oily institute filling.So this physical state is just given and be the invention provides the corresponding abnormal electrical properties that is placed in locational at least two detecting sensors of corresponding oil level from detection and judge oil level at the oil that uses, has comprised the possibility of the oil level of oil mass when the bottom line value.
Following narration, the method for the oil level when at first the single detecting sensor of discussion application detects oil mass bottom line value.This method has still been followed the strategy of above-mentioned relatively detect and the residue use amount oil of estimating.
As everyone knows, to have electric capacity be C to a capacitor that is made of two parallel plates P=ε S/d.Wherein ε is dielectric specific inductive capacity, and S is dull and stereotyped useful area, and d is the distance between two flat boards.
At first come the electric capacity of more same capacitor under two kinds of different situations: (1) has DIELECTRIC CONSTANT if this capacitor is filling 1First dielectric time capacitor C P1(2) if filling specific inductive capacity be ε 2Second dielectric time capacitor C P2Can affirm capacitor C P1And C P2Difference and DIELECTRIC CONSTANT 1And ε 2Difference be directly proportional.
According to above-mentioned same capacitor filling different dielectrics cause the conclusion of different electric capacity and the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of air aBe to comprise mineral oil and contain the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of silicone oil less than (approximately being 2-3 times) oily medium terrifically oThe fact (such information can arbitrarily obtain everywhere, such as obtaining in the website of the .com of Clpperconhol), so filling the capacitor C of same capacitor of air P2Be less than filling the capacitor C of this capacitor of oil P1Equally, the electrical impedance Z of this capacitor of air that can affirm filling 2Greater than filling the electrical impedance Z when oily 1In addition, if used constant current source to measure, voltage V 2Be greater than voltage V 1And if measure the electric current I that flows through with constant pressure source 2Be less than the electric current I that flows through 1
Come the relatively capacitor C of same capacitor under other two kinds of situations now PSize: the part of (1) this capacitor has been filling oil and remaining part air that has been filling and (2) this capacitor oil condition that has been filling fully.
When first kind of situation, the capacitor C of this capacitor P1It is the capacitor C of having summed up an air condenser P1(a)=ε aS aThe capacitor C an of/d and an oil impregnated capacitor P1(o)=ε oS o/ d.S wherein aBy the useful area of the flat board of the part of air filling, S oBy the useful area of the flat board of oily filling, S is and (S certainly o+ S a) equate.
If the capacitor C of this capacitor when situation (1) P1With the capacitor C when situation (2) P2Ratio can obtain the ratio C of electric capacity P1/ C P2=[ε aS a/ d+ ε oS o/ d]/ε oS/d.This ratio can simply turn to [ε aS a+ ε oS o]/ε oS.Transform by mathematics, this ratio equals: 1-[ε o-ε a] S a/ S.Its ratio is less than integer 1 as can be known.
Yi Shang analytical proof like this, this capacitor in its a part of filling air all the other partly fillings the capacitor C when oily P1Be less than this capacitor whole fill the capacitor C when oily P2
According to this conclusion, the electrical impedance Z of this capacitor when first kind of situation can derive 1Be the electrical impedance Z during greater than second kind of situation 2If the same constant current source that uses is measured voltage V 1Be greater than voltage V 2And if measure electric current I with constant pressure source 1Be less than electric current I 2So as can be known, than this capacitor whole fill the metamorphic grade of the oil that is showed when oily.When a part of filling of this capacitor air and all the other partly fillings can provide the illusion of a less oil deterioration when oily.
Be appreciated that, also can obtain identical conclusion with above-mentioned derivation if derive with capacitive sensor of the present invention.But be not with being analogous to the derivation of aforesaid way in the disclosure, but with exemplify disclosure end, with the corresponding to experimental result of conclusion of derivation.
According to above-mentioned idea, with reference now to above conclusion, and in conjunction with the expression of Figure 21 and 22, when oil mass reduced to the minimum value as can be seen, how the capacitive sensor of this detection usefulness changed the temperature compensated electrical properties and the oily residue use amount of the measurement of institute of the present invention foundation.Figure 21 has described the electrical properties EP of the measurement of part T(M) curve and the electrical properties EP that estimates T(P) curve.The curve of this expectation is identical with the curve that Figure 14 is narrated as can be known.
As described in Figure 21, be the first use amount U up to use amount iThe time, the electrical properties EP that measure the first time T, i(M) be and the EP that estimates for the first time T, i(P) consistent.Yet from U iBeginning, the electrical properties of measurement is different from the character of expectation.This be because this time oil mass reduced to the minimum value, be oil level when being reduced to this minimum value that it is with identical at the height of the position described in Fig. 9 44 at the oil level of the oil that uses.Under such situation, the capacitive sensor C1 of the detection usefulness of detecting sensor than the top air that has been filling.
Must be pointed out have all situations to cause the capacitive sensor C1 that detects usefulness all to be immersed in the oil.But they always can reduce two kinds of situations.First kind of situation is the minimizing gradually of oil mass, the machine oil of consumption excessively that causes as undue use machinery.Second kind of situation is in a period of time, and oil reduces in large quantities, and be such like an elephant what take place when the crankcase leakage of oil.The electrical properties EP of the measurement of narrating among Figure 21 T, q(M2) and EP T, i(M2) be corresponding first and second kinds of above-mentioned situations.
During in Figure 21, narrated first kind situation that reduces oil mass gradually, the electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, q(M2) showed little by little and be separated with the electrical properties curve of estimating, for example the electrical impedance of the capacitive sensor C1 of this detection usefulness or voltage are the increases gradually than expectation.Different therewith when second kind of situation reduces oil mass rapidly, the electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, i(M2) presented unexpected change at short notice.The electrical properties that the capacitive sensor C1 of corresponding this detection usefulness measures because of the oil that has lost a large amount of fillings makes greatly changes towards the direction of the metamorphic grade that reduces oil, and for example electrical impedance of Ce Lianging and voltage have presented unexpected surprising increase.Yet it must be noted that first kind of situation represented the situation of most possible generation, promptly You oil level is the oil level when little by little being reduced to oil mass minimum value.So Figure 22 reaches the conclusion of judging the oil level corresponding with it from setting forth this kind situation especially, comprises that also oil mass reaches the conclusion of bottom line value.This conclusion also is applicable to the second kind of situation of explaining.
Figure 22 has amplified the electrical properties EP of curve from measuring for the first time T, i(M) at the first use amount U iThe time measurement that begins electrical properties departed from the part of estimating character.I.e. You use experienced one section from the first use amount U jTo the second use amount U qThe use interval, the electrical properties EP that measures from the second time that measures for the second time T, q(M2) at the second use amount U qThe time numerical value that shown greater than the electrical properties EP that estimates for the second time T, q(P) numerical value.Must be the character EP of expectation clearly T, q(P) represented at the second use amount U qThe time the normal consumption of normal rotten and oil mass of oil.Yet by shown in Figure 22, the electrical properties EP that measure the second time T, q(M2) use amount that size equals at oil is U kThe time the electrical properties EP of expectation T, k(P) size.Obvious use amount U kAppearance early than use amount U qAppearance.
Corresponding and above-mentioned situation, the electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, q(M2) a residue utilization rate is arranged, it equals in use amount is U kThe time the electrical properties EP of expectation T, k(P) the residue utilization rate R that is determined k=[EP T, k(P)-EP T, S]/[EP T, N-EP T, S] and residue use amount R kΔ U F
The residue utilization rate R of Yu Jiing significantly, kBe the residue utilization rate R that estimates greater than for the second time q=[EP T, q(P)-EP T, S]/[EP T, N-EP T, S], this utilization rate R qCorresponding do not contain moisture and have enough first capacitive sensor C1 that makes to be immersed in the physical condition of the oil mass in the oil at the oil that uses.Be somebody's turn to do the residue use amount R that estimates simultaneously kΔ U FAlso be the residue use amount R that estimates greater than for the second time qΔ U FYi Shang analysis can provide a conclusion like this: the residue use amount R that measures for the second time kΔ U FObviously equal R greater than the residue use amount of estimating for the second time qΔ U FAnd the residue use amount of estimating for the second time represented capacitive sensor be immersed in fully in the oil of use and this time sufficient oil mass, this time oil level be oil level when being higher than oil mass at the minimum value.
Can provide a conclusion according to first kind of situation like this: if the time with respect to second use amount of identical oil, for the second time the residue use amount of the oil of measuring is the residue use amount of estimating greater than for the second time, and decision is a oil level when being reduced to oil mass as the bottom line value at the oil level of the oil that uses.Certainly use amount can be the time of oil use or the mileage number of use.Must be pointed out, more than provided the conclusion of the popularity of a suitable all scenario.This conclusion has also comprised above-mentioned second kind of situation when having inadequate oil mass.In addition, for drawing above conclusion, must there be the mode of second kind of nominal time or device to determine the second use amount U q
Yet must be pointed out that once more that the inventive method also can additionally obtain as the identical conclusion relevant for first kind of situation in above-mentioned.By Figure 21 and 22 described, the second use amount U qThe corresponding electrical properties EP that estimates for the second time T, q(P).The such second real surplus use amount of estimating is Δ U P=Δ U q=(U S-U q), but the electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, q(M2) numerical value equals corresponding at use amount U kThe time the electrical properties EP of expectation T, k(P).The real surplus use amount Δ U that measures so for the second time M=(U S-U M) be the real surplus use amount Δ U that is equal to expectation M=Δ U k=(U S-U k).The real surplus use amount Δ U that measures for the second time significantly, MBe the real surplus use amount Δ U that estimates greater than for the second time qIf can derive the real surplus use amount of the oil of aforesaid measurement like this and is, judge that then in the process that oil mass reduces oil level is reduced to the same conclusion of the oil level of oil mass when being the minimum value greater than the real surplus use amount of estimating.So no matter whether the temperature compensated electrical properties curve that measures has linear relationship with the use of oil, the solution of the present invention can both infer in the process that oil mass reduces, whether its corresponding oil level has been reduced to the oil level of oil mass when being the minimum value.
By Figure 21 and 22 also as can be known, except the residue use amount of using oil, the oil level when the temperature compensated electrical properties that can use the oil of measuring for the second time equally estimates whether oil level is reduced to the minimum value.In by first kind of example that situation caused, the electricity EP that measure the second time T, q(M2) be different from the electrical properties EP that estimates for the second time T, q(P).And their difference has shown, rotten than the oil of being judged by the electrical properties of estimating for the second time largely represented oil rotten of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the second time.The present invention can provide following conclusion to first kind of situation like this:
Conclude that oil level in the oil system has been reduced to the oil level of oil mass when being the minimum value, if the electricity of measuring is different from the electrical properties of estimating for the second time for the second time, but their difference has shown, rotten than the oil of being judged by the electrical properties of estimating for the second time largely represented oil rotten of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the second time.
In the second kind of situation that reduces in large quantities by oil shown in Figure 21, the temperature compensated electrical properties EP that measure the second time T, i(M2) equal with respect to actual use amount U xThe time the electrical properties EP of expectation T, x(P).Like this according to the electrical properties EP that measures for the second time T, i(M2) the residue use amount of measuring the resulting second time equals R P, xΔ U F, significantly greater than the electrical properties EP that estimates by the first time T, i(P) the residue use amount R that estimates the desired first time P, iΔ U FIn addition, with respect to the character EP that measures for the second time T, i(M2) the real surplus use amount Δ U that measure the second time MBe to equal (U S-U x).It also is significantly greater than the electrical properties EP that is estimated by the first time T, i(P) the real surplus use amount (U of the desired expection first time S-U i).
From above analysis, can make the necessary condition of the multiple judgement of following oil level when being reduced to the minimum value of oil relevant for the oil level at the oil that uses: (1) is if the residue use amount of the oil of measuring is a residue use amount greater than the oil of estimating for the first time for the second time; (2) if the real surplus use amount of the oil of measuring the second time is the real surplus use amount greater than the oil of estimating for the first time; (3) if the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring is different from the electrical properties of estimating for the first time for the second time.And their difference has shown, rotten than the oil of being judged by the electrical properties of estimating for the first time largely represented oil rotten of less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the second time.
Electrical properties curve in Figure 21 and 22 has been represented the curve of electrical impedance and voltage.If the electrical properties of measuring is an electric current, its curve is as shown in Figure 8.Same electrical properties also can be resistance or the capacitive impedance in the electrical impedance.
Figure 24 has shown the improvement to above-mentioned measurement oil level embodiment, promptly uses at least two detecting sensors 26.They for example vertically are positioned in to be used for showing that the oil level of the full oil level in the crankcase 34 changes on the crankcase tank wall.For example, in this embodiment, at least two detecting sensors the capacitive sensor C1 of detection usefulness of first detecting sensor be positioned to position 40 contour.This position is the oil level that has been had when having injected specified full capacity oil when crankcase.The capacitive sensor C1 of the detection usefulness of second sensor at least two detecting sensors is contour by the oil level of putting when being the minimum value with oil mass 42.
The capacitive sensor separately of at least two detecting sensors can provide information separately to the change procedure of the oil level of oil level when the oil level of full oil mass is reduced to the minimum value like this.Thereby mechanical user can take to arrange the measure of working as to protect machinery to make it avoid damaging.In addition, the 3rd at least two sensors also can be installed in a lower position of oil level during than the minimum gauging.In this above-mentioned embodiment, each sensor at least two sensors can be in conjunction with an independent reference sensor.Or as shown in figure 24, at least two sensors can be in conjunction with same reference sensor 28.Perhaps the several of at least two sensors can obtain temperature compensated electrical properties on corresponding each detecting sensor in conjunction with a reference sensor.Be appreciated that, comprise the embodiment spirit all according to the invention and the purpose of all above-mentioned all distortion.
It must be noted that, more than narration be used for judging minimum the limiting the quantity of of oil the time the present invention that also can be used on as described in Figure 20 of the embodiment of oil level only use in second embodiment of a detecting sensor.When at that time, the capacitive sensor C1 of the detection usefulness of this detecting sensor is the minimum value that is placed in oil on the contour position 44 of oil level.In addition, after second embodiment of the present invention can adopt the plural at least detecting sensor of first embodiment use that show as Figure 24, i.e. above narration, also can monitor the variation of the oil level of full oil mass.But this paper no longer repeats the detailed explanation to such application.
The situation that also has a kind of small probability in the situation of oil takes place simultaneously promptly that a large amount of moisture enters into oil system suddenly and oil cup produces significant leakage of oil.The present invention does not prepare this state is discussed in the disclosure.Yet can be clear and definite be according to spirit of the present invention and purpose, the situation of this small probability still can be differentiated.
Example
Following discloses be the example of the capacitive sensor that the present invention is used to test, that Integrated electrode is arranged relevant for the application sample that under the alternating voltage excitation of single-frequency, detects lubricating oil and the situation of experiment.It only is to elaboration of the present invention that this example and experiment are provided, rather than limitation of the present invention.
A capacitive sensor that is used to detect usefulness is that the plate of having used three aldarys is used as corresponding electrode.The thickness of each metal sheet is about 1 millimeter, and it has the shape that is similar to table tennis bat.This plate has comprised that the part that has the strip on top on one of plate top has connected a rectangular part in the plate bottom, and the part of strip is to align with the long axis of symmetry of rectangular segment.The top of strip part is used as the top of this plate.Significantly, rectangular part provides the useful area of sensor electrode, and the part of strip is used as the rectangular segment of conduction and mechanical connection bottom.Be appreciated that it is rectangular shape that the bottom part of plate not only limits, in fact any rational shape all is spirit according to the invention and purpose.
15 millimeters of long 30 mm wides of rectangular segment, there is the hole of a bottom at close its place, horizontal base on its long axis of symmetry.Partly long 20 millimeters of strips, and at the hole that a top is arranged apart from 15 millimeters places, its top.Simultaneously there is a mark rectangular segment junction near itself and bottom on the strip part.
These three plates upwards, parallel, and arrange aligned with each otherly and become the right, middle and the plate left side, the circle of filling out of two nylon materials is placed between the left side and the middle plate, and respectively with the hole aligning in top and bottom of two plates.Two same nylon are filled out circle and are placed between the right and the middle plate, and respectively with the hole aligning of top and bottom.Each nylon is filled out circle and thickly is about 1.5 millimeters, is used as the spacer between the plate.After the screw of the nylon material of top and bottom passes corresponding nylon respectively and fills out the hole of circle and top and bottom, fixed in addition by corresponding two nylon screw caps.This capacitive sensor has and is approximately 1 millimeter half clearance like this, and this gap is to be used for guaranteeing flowing of lubricating oil.The screw of nylon and screw cap be used for guaranteeing when capacitive sensor is immersed in the vibrations that are subjected to internal combustion engine operation in the oil, the gap between per two plates can not change, so this screw and screw cap are used as stationary installation.Left side connection abreast by first lead with the top of plate the right and as first utmost point of sensor, middle plate is connected by second lead and as second utmost point of sensor.
A homemade alternating current analytical equipment is to have used the element of the integrated product sheet AB-112 (simulation device company, Massachusetts, United States) that includes Wien bridge oscillator to assemble.After having adjusted electrical parameter, this integrated wafer has exported that frequency is arranged is 7.25 thousand hertz alternating voltage, and its VRMS voltage root mean square is 5.40 volts.This voltage is to measure with the digital multifunctional instrument (RadiShack, model 22-168A) of the radio chivalrous person trade mark, and has passed through again with an oscillographic checking.
In experiment, tested the sample of two kinds of oil.First kind of sample is that fresh oil is original oil, second kind of oil that sample was to use.It below is the step of making this oil samples.At first bought the commercial lubricating oil of the many bottles of same trades mark, they are mixed becomes a mixed uniformly initial samples then.Take a spot of initial samples to be used as the sample of fresh oil, promptly do not contain the oil sample of pollutant.Get and be about the initial samples that one and one-quarter rises and be injected in the lubricating oil system of a minibus, minibus has travelled after 5,000 miles by the time, collect this use oil.From the oil of collecting, take out the oil sample of a spot of oil then, contain the pollutant of with good grounds definition of the present invention like this in this oil sample as used oil.
The circuit of recomposition one test, promptly be a voltage divider, comprise with this capacitive sensor having connected a resistive element that 10 megohms are arranged that resists as reference resistance.In this test circuit, first utmost point of sensor is to be connected with the output stage of integrated wafer, and second utmost point of sensor has connected an end of resistive element.And the other end of resistive element is connected with ground.
In measurement, measure the root-mean-square value of the voltage on the root-mean-square value of the voltage on the sensor and reference resistance are anti-with the digital multifunctional instrument, the electrical impedance of sensor just can calculate according to the root-mean-square value of the voltage that measures like this.
The order of experiment measuring for measure earlier blank sensor, the sensor of air that has been filling, the sensor of original oil sample of having measured filling then, the sensor of used oil sample of having measured filling at last.When the sensor of corresponding oil sample of having measured filling, the rectangular lower part of sensor is immersed in the corresponding oil sample, and the end face of corresponding oil sample touches the mark on the strip part of sensor.Measuring filling before the sensor of used oil in addition, the oil sample with used oil has repeatedly washed the previous sensor of measuring the oil sample that did not use oil earlier.Adopting two above-mentioned steps is in order to reduce the error of experiment.
Result of experiment has shown that the blank electrical impedance that is the sensor of air has been filled in filling is 31.0 megohms, filling the electrical impedance of the electrical impedance of sensor of the fresh oil used oil that is 24.8 megohms and filling be 23.9 megohms.The specific inductive capacity that the conclusion that result of experiment and above-mentioned theory are derived is consistent, even be filled in the medium between the electrode is high more, and then the electrical impedance of corresponding sensor is low more.Be appreciated that simultaneously if the specific inductive capacity of three kinds of more tested media, air for the highest, original oil be middle, and used oil be minimum, promptly because of the cause of the pollutant of generation in use.
Like this, above-mentioned experimental fact proved that capacitive sensor of the present invention has under the effect of voltage of single-frequency alternating current one, can be used for detecting the rotten and oil level at the oil that uses.
According to above disclosed capacitive sensor, in experiment, also attempted an improved capacitive sensor.Its a plurality of holes that have on the rectangular segment of every plate are used for increasing flowing of oil.In addition, the clearance of the strip part from strip top partly to the nylon screw position has been filled with the polymeric hardener resin, and purpose is the effective surface area for the constant capacitance sensor.Because comprise that when sensor is put into a machinery internal combustion engine is used as when detecting, lubricating oil can connect separates this surface area.
Moreover except all space electrodes of above-mentioned disclosed sensor, corresponding thick membrane electrode or membrane electrode be also suitable to be used for making up sensor of the present invention.This kind electrode is to dispose at corresponding pottery to comprise on aluminium oxide or the siliceous substrate that comprises silicon crystal, and above-mentioned corresponding first and second leads that are used to be electrically connected can be to comprise the electric conductor that is printed on corresponding pottery or the silica substrate.
The present invention of course not attempts to limit the invention to a certain specific forms or arrangement or any special embodiment or any special application in the argumentation of this paper.Because they all can be modified to multiple special case and structural relation following under above-mentioned spirit of the present invention and the purpose.More than the device or the method for shown and narration, only be that attempt illustrates and disclose a kind of exercisable embodiment, rather than attempt to represent all various forms and the remodeling that the present invention may be implemented or operate.

Claims (10)

1. sensor that detects oil level and oil deterioration is characterized in that: comprising:
One detecting sensor, it is characterized in that: comprising: first capacitive sensor, it has first, second with the space electrode of the 3rd identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, with mutual alignment be arranged in parallel, each space electrode has a top and bottom, first and the 3rd electrode is outer electrode, be used as by one that first lead of first extraction pole is parallel to be connected its corresponding top and to have formed first group Integrated electrode, second electrode is the internal electrode in the centre position, be connected its top by second lead that is used as second extraction pole, this detecting sensor is positioned in the system of a machinery, this system include one do not contain moisture at the oil that uses, this first capacitor is immersed in this oil.
2. sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise:
A) described detecting sensor also comprises an outer cover that porous is arranged;
B) measurement mechanism comprises that the alternating current analytical equipment has connected this first capacitive sensor and it has been applied an electric excitation signal that periodic current single-frequency, that include alternating current arranged, obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the measurement first time of this first capacitive sensor in measuring for the first time, this electrical properties has been represented this electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of measuring in the first time of the oil that uses;
C) compare with this electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of measuring for the first time, from this curve of a temperature compensated electrical properties of estimating of the oil that uses, obtain electrical properties of estimating for the first time of this oil that temperature compensation is arranged and the residue use amount of estimating for the first time with respect to the first actual use amount of this oil;
D), in measuring for the second time, obtain electrical properties of measuring for the second time of this oil that temperature compensation is arranged and the residue use amount of measuring for the second time with respect to this first actual use amount at the oil that uses;
E), judge that then this is the water-free normal rotten of the oil that uses with determine that residue use amount of measuring for the second time represented the real surplus use amount at the oil that uses if the residue use amount that should measure in the second time of the oil that uses be to be analogous to the residue use amount of estimating for the first time of this oil;
F), judge that then this undesired of moisture that contain at the oil that uses goes bad if being somebody's turn to do the residue use amount of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses be the residue use amount of estimating less than the first time of this oil; With
G) if the residue use amount that should measure in the second time of the oil that uses is the residue use amount of estimating greater than the first time of this oil; Then judge the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value of oil mass.
3. sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise: a reference sensor, it is characterized in that: comprising: second capacitive sensor with reference to usefulness, it is same as this first capacitive sensor, this sensor with reference to usefulness is to be immersed in the reference oil, this reference oil has comprised water-free fresh oil, the perhaps water-free oil of having used up that makes, the perhaps water-free oil that has partly used, its have the oil that uses of coexisting identical thermal property, this reference oil is sealed in the container, reference oil and all dispose in the environment of uniform temp at the oil that uses, this measurement mechanism has connected this second capacitive sensor and it has been applied this pumping signal, the electrical properties that obtains from this first and second capacitive sensor combines, thereby in measuring for the first time,, obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the measurement first time of this first capacitive sensor with respect to this first actual use amount at the oil that uses.
4. sensor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: also comprise:
A) this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current, voltage, capacitive impedance and resistance;
B) this capacitive sensor has the space electrode of individual, the identical en plaque of odd number, they be equidistantly, according to priority, with mutual alignment be arranged in parallel, in these electrodes, electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by first lead that is used as first extraction pole and has formed first group Integrated electrode, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by second lead that is used as second extraction pole and formed second group Integrated electrode;
C) spacer between two plate electrodes and the stationary installation of fixing three plate electrodes;
D) this first capacitive sensor that detects usefulness is by putting on the contour position of oil level when being the minimum value with oil mass;
E) described machinery is internal combustion engine or transmitting transformer;
F) described electrode is thick membrane electrode or membrane electrode, and it is to dispose at corresponding pottery to comprise on aluminium oxide or the siliceous substrate that comprises silicon crystal; And the described corresponding lead that is used to be electrically connected can be to comprise the electric conductor that is printed on corresponding pottery or the siliceous substrate.
5. sensor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: also comprise:
If a) electrical properties of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses that temperature compensation is arranged is to be analogous to the electrical properties of estimating for the first time, then judges use oily water-free normal rotten and determine that the residue use amount of measuring for the second time represented the real surplus use amount at the oil of use;
B), then judge at the oil that uses and contain the undesired rotten of moisture if the electrical properties of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses that temperature compensation is arranged is the electrical properties of estimating less than for the first time;
C), then judge the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value of oil mass if the electrical properties of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses that temperature compensation is arranged is the electrical properties of estimating greater than for the first time.
6. sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: also comprise:
A) a real surplus use amount of measuring for the second time at the oil that uses is Δ U M=(U S-U M), described U MCorresponding to this electrical properties of measuring for the second time that temperature compensation is arranged;
B) a real surplus use amount of estimating for the first time at the oil that uses is Δ U P=(U S-U P), described U PCorresponding to this electrical properties of estimating for the first time that temperature compensation is arranged,
C), judge that then this is use oily water-free normal rotten with determine that residue use amount of measuring for the second time represented the real surplus use amount at the oil of use if for the second time the real surplus use amount of measuring is to be analogous to the real surplus use amount of estimating for the first time;
D), judge that then this contains the undesired rotten of moisture at the oil that uses if the real surplus use amount of measuring is the real surplus use amount of estimating less than for the first time for the second time;
D) if the real surplus use amount of measuring is the real surplus use amount of estimating greater than for the first time for the second time, then judge the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to oil mass as the minimum value.
7. sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: also comprise:
A) a kind of mode of demarcating use amount or device calculate since first and use measure used to comprise that the service time use amount is to determine second use amount, this mode or device have comprised one in order to calculate vehicle wheel revolution, the perhaps sensor of I. C. engine crankshaft revolution, perhaps the digital time calculation element in a microprocessor measures the used time, comprises the time of the generator output electric energy that measures an internal combustion engine;
B), in measuring for the second time, obtain electrical properties of measuring for the second time of this oil that temperature compensation is arranged and the residue use amount of measuring for the second time with respect to this second actual use amount at the oil that uses; Compare with this electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of measuring for the first time, from this curve of the temperature compensated electrical properties of the expectation of the oil that uses, obtain electrical properties of estimating for the second time of this oil that temperature compensation is arranged and the residue use amount of estimating for the second time successively with respect to the first actual use amount of this oil;
C), then judge the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value of oil mass if the residue use amount that should measure in the second time of the oil that uses be the residue use amount of estimating greater than the second time of this oil;
D), then judge the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value of oil mass if the real surplus use amount that should measure in the second time of the oil that uses be the real surplus use amount of estimating greater than the second time of this oil;
E) if the electricity of measuring is different from the electrical properties of estimating for the second time for the second time, but their difference has shown going bad than the oil of being judged by the electrical properties of estimating for the second time largely, oil rotten of having been represented less degree by the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring for the second time then judged the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value of oil mass;
F) if should first time of the oil that uses and the electrical properties of measuring for the second time with respect to first and second use amounts of this oil shown should oil rotten speed be different from by for the first time and the desired rotten speed that should oil of the electrical properties of estimating for the second time, and should difference show than this oily metamorphic grade of judging by the electrical properties of estimating that the rotten of extra degree arranged, judge that then this undesired of moisture that contain at the oil that uses goes bad;
G) surpassed an extreme value of being estimated by the electrical properties curve of estimating if be somebody's turn to do the numerical value of the temperature compensated electrical properties of measuring in the second time of the oil that uses, and the phenomenon of this extreme value that exceeds the estimates judges then that taking place early than moment of the generation of be scheduled to by the electrical properties curve of estimating this undesired of moisture that contain at the oil that uses goes bad.
8. sensor that detects oil level and oil deterioration is characterized in that: comprising:
A) identical first and second detecting sensors, it is characterized in that: comprising: be used to the first and second identical capacitive sensors that detect accordingly, this capacitive sensor has first, second with the space electrode of the 3rd identical en plaque, they equidistantly, according to priority, with mutual alignment be arranged in parallel, each space electrode has a top and bottom, first and the 3rd electrode is outer electrode, be used as by one that first lead of first extraction pole is parallel to be connected its corresponding top and to have formed first group Integrated electrode, second electrode is the internal electrode in the centre position, be connected its top by second lead that is used as second extraction pole, this first and second detecting sensor is positioned in the system of a machinery, this system includes an oil that is using that does not contain moisture, this first capacitive sensor be immersed in this mechanical system first position in the oil that uses, with this second capacitive sensor be immersed in this mechanical system second position in the oil that uses, should identical temperature be arranged at the oil using at first and second positions;
B) measurement mechanism comprises that the alternating current analytical equipment has connected this first and second capacitive sensor and it has been applied an electric excitation signal that periodic current single-frequency, that include alternating current arranged, obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the measurement first time of this first and second capacitive sensor in measuring for the first time, this electrical properties has been represented this electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of measuring in the first time at the oil that uses at first and second positions.
9. sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise:
A) reference sensor, it is characterized in that: comprising: a capacitive sensor with reference to usefulness, it is same as this first and second capacitive sensor, this sensor with reference to usefulness is to be immersed in the reference oil, this reference oil has comprised water-free fresh oil, the perhaps water-free oil of having used up that makes, the perhaps water-free oil that has partly used, its have the oil that uses of coexisting identical thermal property, this reference oil is sealed in the container, reference oil and all dispose in the environment of uniform temp at the oil that uses, this measurement mechanism has connected this and has applied this pumping signal with reference to the capacitive sensor of usefulness and to it, in measuring for the first time, obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged that this was measured with reference to the first time of the capacitive sensor of usefulness, from this first and capacitive sensor with reference to usefulness the electrical properties that obtains combine, thereby in measuring for the first time, obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the measurement first time of this first capacitive sensor with respect to this first actual use amount at the oil that uses, it has represented the electrical properties of measuring in the first time at the oil that uses at first position of this mechanical system that temperature compensation is arranged, from this second and capacitive sensor with reference to usefulness the electrical properties that obtains combine, thereby obtain the electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of the measurement first time of this second capacitive sensor in measuring for the first time with respect to this first actual use amount at the oil that uses, it has represented the electrical properties of measuring in the first time at the oil that uses at second position of this mechanical system that temperature compensation is arranged;
B) compare with corresponding this electrical properties that temperature compensation is arranged of measuring for the first time at first and second positions, from this curve of a temperature compensated electrical properties of estimating of the oil that uses, obtain electrical properties of estimating for the first time of this oil that temperature compensation is arranged and the residue use amount of estimating for the first time with respect to the first actual use amount of this oil;
D), in measuring for the second time, obtain electrical properties of measuring in the corresponding second time of this oil at first and second positions that temperature compensation is arranged and the residue use amount of measuring for the second time with respect to this first actual use amount at the oil that uses;
E) if the residue use amount of measuring corresponding this second time is the residue use amount that is analogous to the expectation first time of this oil, then judge the even distribution of oil deterioration in oil system, should and determine that the residue use amount of measuring for the second time represented the real surplus use amount at the oil that uses the water-free normal rotten of the oil that uses;
F) if the residue use amount of measuring corresponding this second time is the residue use amount of estimating less than the first time of this oil, then judge the uneven distribution of this oil deterioration in oil system;
G) if the residue use amount of measuring corresponding this second time is the residue use amount of estimating greater than the first time of this oil; Then judge the oil level when this oil level at the oil that uses has been reduced to the minimum value of oil mass.
10. sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: also comprise:
A) this electrical properties comprises electrical impedance, electric current, voltage, capacitive impedance and resistance;
B) this capacitive sensor has the space electrode of individual, the identical en plaque of odd number, they be equidistantly, according to priority, with mutual alignment be arranged in parallel, in these electrodes, electrode with odd number ordinal number is connected abreast by first lead that is used as first extraction pole and has formed first group Integrated electrode, and the electrode with even number ordinal number is connected abreast by second lead that is used as second extraction pole and formed second group Integrated electrode;
C) spacer between two plate electrodes and the stationary installation of fixing three plate electrodes;
D) this first capacitive sensor that detects usefulness is by by putting on the contour position of oil level when being the minimum value with oil mass; This second capacitive sensor that detects usefulness be positioned to a little less than when this mechanical system oil accumulator in injected the oil level that specified full capacity is had when oily;
E) described machinery is internal combustion engine or transmitting transformer;
F) described electrode is thick membrane electrode or membrane electrode, and it is to dispose at corresponding pottery to comprise on aluminium oxide or the siliceous substrate that comprises silicon crystal; And the described corresponding lead that is used to be electrically connected can be to comprise the electric conductor that is printed on corresponding pottery or the siliceous substrate;
G) a kind of mode of demarcating use amount or device calculate since first and use the used use amount of service time that comprises that measures to determine second use amount, this mode or device have comprised one in order to calculate vehicle wheel revolution, the perhaps sensor of I. C. engine crankshaft revolution, perhaps the digital time calculation element in a microprocessor measures the used time, comprises the time of the generator output electric energy that measures an internal combustion engine;
H) be same as the 3rd detecting sensor of first and second detecting sensors, it is useful on the 3rd capacitive sensor that is same as first and second capacitive sensors of detection.
CN201110074258.2A 2010-03-24 2011-03-18 Detect sensor and the method for oil deterioration and oil level Expired - Fee Related CN102230816B (en)

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CN105301224A (en) * 2014-06-04 2016-02-03 英菲诺姆国际有限公司 Lubricant test method
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CN104880235B (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-06-01 西安华舜测量设备有限责任公司 The indicator and its measuring method of oil level in a kind of electric field measurement bushing shell for transformer
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CN112305013A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-02-02 张霞玲 Big data type transformer safety monitoring and early warning management system
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