CN102226740B - Bearing fault detection method based on manner of controlling stochastic resonance by external periodic signal - Google Patents
Bearing fault detection method based on manner of controlling stochastic resonance by external periodic signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bearing fault detection method based on a manner of controlling stochastic resonance by an external periodic signal. According to the method provided in the invention, after a bearing fault signal is converted by a variable metric method, the converted signal is input in a bistable system; meanwhile, an external single frequency periodic signal is taken as a control signal to act directly on the system; contact barrier height of the bistable system and an escape rate of Kramers are changed by continuously adjusting an amplitude of the control signal. Therefore, stochastic resonance can be generated or increased artificially; a spectral value of an output power spectrum at the position of an input signal frequency can be effectively improved; and thus a characteristic signal of a bearing fault can be detected accurately at last. The detection method provided in the invention enables the effective control of the stochastic resonance to be realized, thereby providing a novel method for early detection of equipment faults.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fault-signal detection method, relate in particular to a kind of fault-signal detection method of using in bearing failure diagnosis.
Background technology
Bearing is machine parts the most frequently used easy to wear.According to incompletely statistics, the fault of rotary machine about 30% is caused by bearing fault.The reason that produces bearing fault has fatigue flake, wearing and tearing, and plastic yield lures erosion, fracture, gummed, retainer damage etc.If can not in time diagnose the bearing initial failure, will make machinery and equipment produce catastrophic failure, thereby cause huge economic loss.Therefore, diagnose out the fault features of bearing to avoiding the generation of catastrophic failure, guarantee that the normal operation of machinery and equipment has major and immediate significance.In the bearing failure diagnosis field, utilize the modern signal processing method that bearing fault is processed, accurately extract fault characteristic signals from contain noisy signal, be one of study hotspot of current fault diagnosis.The method that adopts is utilized the difference on signal and noisiness mostly, comes attenuating noise by the mathematic(al) manipulation method, extracts useful signal, does not have the physical mechanism of noise and signal energy conversion, thereby is difficult to amplify the weak signal in very noisy.Secondly, the bearing fault signal is comprised of fault characteristic signals and ground unrest.A large amount of ground unrests can cause that the in-site measurement Signal-to-Noise reduces, and when serious interference, even can't detect the early sign of bearing fault, has affected the normal operation of rotary machine.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Bearing Fault Detection Method based on adding periodic signal control accidental resonance is provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Bearing Fault Detection Method based on adding periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) utilize acquisition system to gather vibration acceleration signal;
(2) the bearing fault signal is transformed to the small frequency signal through variable metric method;
(3) will become bearing fault signal function after yardstick to bistable system, analyze the power spectrum of bistable system output, recover the collection yardstick of actual measurement bearing fault signal by the frequency compression scale ratio;
(4) add the single-frequency periodic signal and act on bistable system as control signal, regulate the amplitude of control signal, thereby produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristics signal.
Further, described step (1) is specially: degree of will speed up sensor is fixed on shaking table, and the vibration acceleration signal that utilizes acquisition system to gather bearing is the bearing fault signal;
Further, described step (2) is specially: according to the frequency compression scale ratio
Definition compression sampling frequency
,
Actual samples frequency for fault-signal; Obtaining the numerical evaluation step-length by the compression sampling frequency is
, (the fault-signal characteristic frequency is to make each frequency content of bearing fault signal
) by the frequency compression scale ratio
Linear compression, thereby the characteristic frequency boil down to of bearing fault signal
, make it to satisfy the condition of the theoretical medium and small frequency signal of the existing adiabatic approximation of accidental resonance.
Further, described step (3) is specially: will become bearing fault signal function after yardstick to bistable system, and by analyzing the power spectrum of bistable system output, catch the characteristic frequency of fault-signal, preferably by the frequency compression scale ratio
Recovering the fault-signal characteristic frequency is
Further, described step (4) is specially: add the single-frequency periodic signal
Act on bistable system as control signal, by regulating the amplitude of control signal
High and the Kramers escape rate of bistable system potential barrier changes, thereby can produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, effectively strengthens the bistable system output power spectrum in the spectrum value at frequency input signal place, realize the control of accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristics signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention is by regulating continuously the amplitude of control signal, high and the Kramers escape rate of bistable system potential barrier changes, thereby can produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, effectively strengthen the spectrum value of bistable system output power spectrum at the frequency input signal place, finally can detect exactly the bearing fault characteristics signal.The bearing fault signal can effectively amplify fault characteristic signals by accidental resonance, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of fault characteristic signals, obtain exactly the fault characteristic signals frequency, the method has realized effective control of accidental resonance, for the equipment failure early detection provides a kind of new method.The method also is applicable to other field and relates to Detection of Weak Signals in very noisy, and the application that can widen accidental resonance has a good application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adds the frequency detecting theory diagram that periodic signal is controlled accidental resonance.
Fig. 2 is the bearing vibration signal power spectrum chart.
Fig. 3 is the bearing vibration signal power spectrum chart of Noise.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on and add the Bearing Fault Detection Method that periodic signal is controlled accidental resonance, concrete steps are as follows:
1, utilize acquisition system to gather vibration acceleration signal;
Degree of will speed up sensor is fixed on shaking table, and the vibration acceleration signal that utilizes acquisition system to gather bearing is the bearing fault signal.
2, the bearing fault signal is transformed to the small frequency signal through variable metric method;
According to the frequency compression scale ratio
Definition compression sampling frequency
, wherein,
Be the actual samples frequency of fault-signal,
Be the frequency compression scale ratio.Obtaining the numerical evaluation step-length by the compression sampling frequency is
, (the fault-signal characteristic frequency is to make each frequency content of bearing fault signal
) by the frequency compression scale ratio
Linear compression, thereby the characteristic frequency boil down to of bearing fault signal
, make it to satisfy the condition of the theoretical medium and small frequency signal of the existing adiabatic approximation of accidental resonance.
3, will become bearing fault signal function after yardstick to bistable system, analyze the power spectrum of bistable system output, recover the collection yardstick of actual measurement bearing fault signal by the frequency compression scale ratio;
Bearing fault signal function after the change yardstick to bistable system, by analyzing the power spectrum of bistable system output, is caught the characteristic frequency of fault-signal, preferably by the frequency compression scale ratio
Recovering the fault-signal characteristic frequency is
4, add the single-frequency periodic signal and act on bistable system as control signal, regulate the amplitude of control signal, thereby produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristics signal;
Add the single-frequency periodic signal
Act on bistable system as control signal, by regulating the amplitude of control signal
High and the Kramers escape rate of bistable system potential barrier changes, thereby can produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, effectively strengthens the bistable system output power spectrum in the spectrum value at frequency input signal place, realize the control of accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristics signal.
By the following examples content of the present invention is done further explanation.With the method, the bearing fault signal is processed.Experimental data is by Case Western Reserve University(CWRU) provide.Fig. 2 is the power spectrum chart of the bearing vibration signal that records in the ecotopia of laboratory, and sample frequency is
, rotating speed is 1797rpm.Because the generation that often has much noise and accidental resonance in the actual field environment also needs suitable noise, therefore, with noise intensity
White Gaussian noise as background noise be increased to and obtain mixed signal in bearing vibration signal, power spectrum chart is as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from Figure 3, there is no obvious fault characteristic information.The initialization system structural parameters
,
And do not exist and add periodic signal namely
, the frequency compression scale ratio
, the compression sampling frequency is
The compressed scale ratio of mixed signal
Be applied to bistable system after linear compression, the bistable system output power spectrum as shown in Figure 4.When adopting mode additional parameter shown in Figure 1 to be
,
Single-frequency signals act on bistable system as control signal, the bistable system output power spectrum is as shown in Figure 5.With Fig. 4 more as can be known, Fig. 5's
There is an obvious spectrum peak at the place, and is also original through dimensions in frequency
, this frequency is the frequency of fault characteristic signals, and its frequency theory value is
Claims (5)
1. one kind based on the Bearing Fault Detection Method that adds periodic signal and control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) utilize acquisition system to gather vibration acceleration signal;
(2) the bearing fault signal is transformed to the small frequency signal through variable metric method;
(3) will become bearing fault signal function after yardstick to bistable system, analyze the power spectrum of bistable system output, recover the collection yardstick of actual measurement bearing fault signal by the frequency compression scale ratio;
(4) add the single-frequency periodic signal and act on bistable system as control signal, regulate the amplitude of control signal, thereby produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristics signal.
2. the Bearing Fault Detection Method based on adding periodic signal and control accidental resonance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (1) is specially: degree of will speed up sensor is fixed on shaking table, and the vibration acceleration signal that utilizes acquisition system to gather bearing is the bearing fault signal.
3. the Bearing Fault Detection Method based on adding periodic signal control accidental resonance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2) is specially: according to frequency compression scale ratio R definition compression sampling frequency f
sr=f
s/ R, f
sActual samples frequency for fault-signal; Obtaining the numerical evaluation step-length by the compression sampling frequency is Δ t=1/f
sr, make each frequency content of bearing fault signal by frequency compression scale ratio R linear compression, thus the characteristic frequency boil down to f of bearing fault signal
r=f
0/ R, f
0Be the fault-signal characteristic frequency, make it to satisfy the condition of the theoretical medium and small frequency signal of the existing adiabatic approximation of accidental resonance.
4. a kind of Bearing Fault Detection Method based on adding periodic signal and control accidental resonance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (3) is specially: will become bearing fault signal function after yardstick to bistable system, by analyzing the power spectrum of bistable system output, catch the characteristic frequency of fault-signal, recovering the fault-signal characteristic frequency by frequency compression scale ratio R at last is f
0=f
rR.
5. a kind of Bearing Fault Detection Method based on adding periodic signal and control accidental resonance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (4) is specially: add single-frequency periodic signal Bcos (Ω t) and act on bistable system as control signal, by regulating the amplitude B of control signal, high and the Kramers escape rate of bistable system potential barrier changes, thereby can produce artificially or strengthen accidental resonance, effectively strengthen the bistable system output power spectrum in the spectrum value at frequency input signal place, realize the control of accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristics signal.
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