CN102226740A - Bearing fault detection method based on manner of controlling stochastic resonance by external periodic signal - Google Patents
Bearing fault detection method based on manner of controlling stochastic resonance by external periodic signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bearing fault detection method based on a manner of controlling stochastic resonance by an external periodic signal. According to the method provided in the invention, after a bearing fault signal is converted by a variable metric method, the converted signal is input in a bistable system; meanwhile, an external single frequency periodic signal is taken as a control signal to act directly on the system; contact barrier height of the bistable system and an escape rate of Kramers are changed by continuously adjusting an amplitude of the control signal. Therefore, stochastic resonance can be generated or increased artificially; a spectral value of an output power spectrum at the position of an input signal frequency can be effectively improved; and thus a characteristic signal of a bearing fault can be detected accurately at last. The detection method provided in the invention enables the effective control of the stochastic resonance to be realized, thereby providing a novel method for early detection of equipment faults.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fault-signal detection method, relate in particular to a kind of fault-signal detection method of in bearing failure diagnosis, using.
Background technology
Bearing is machine parts the most frequently used easy to wear.According to incompletely statistics, the fault of rotary machine about 30% is caused by bearing fault.The reason that produces bearing fault has fatigue flake, wearing and tearing, and plastic yield lures erosion, fracture, gummed, retainer damage etc.If can not in time diagnose the bearing initial failure, will make machinery and equipment produce catastrophic failure, thereby cause enormous economic loss.Therefore, the fault features of diagnosing out bearing guarantees that to avoiding the generation of catastrophic failure the normal operation of machinery and equipment has major and immediate significance.In the bearing failure diagnosis field, utilize the modern signal processing method that bearing fault is handled, from the signal that contains noise, accurately extract the fault signature signal, be one of research focus of current fault diagnosis.The method that adopts is utilized the difference on signal and the noisiness mostly, comes attenuating noise by the mathematic(al) manipulation method, extracts useful signal, does not have the physical mechanism of noise and signal energy conversion, thereby is difficult to amplify the weak signal in the very noisy.Secondly, the bearing fault signal is made up of fault signature signal and ground unrest.The lot of background noise can cause that the in-site measurement Signal-to-Noise reduces, and when serious interference, even can't detect the early sign of bearing fault, has influenced the normal operation of rotary machine.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) utilize acquisition system to gather vibration acceleration signal;
(2) the bearing fault signal is transformed to the small frequency signal through variable metric method;
(3) the bearing fault signal that will become behind the yardstick affacts bistable system, analyzes the power spectrum of bistable system output, recovers the collection yardstick of actual measurement bearing fault signal by the frequency compression scale ratio;
(4) add the single-frequency periodic signal and act on bistable system, regulate the amplitude of control signal, thereby produce artificially or the reinforcement accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristic signal as control signal.
Further, described step (1) is specially: degree of will speed up sensor is fixed on the shaking table, and utilizing acquisition system to gather the bearing vibration acceleration signal is the bearing fault signal;
Further, described step (2) is specially: according to the frequency compression scale ratio
Definition compression sampling frequency
,
Actual samples frequency for fault-signal; Obtaining the numerical evaluation step-length by the compression sampling frequency is
, make that (the fault-signal characteristic frequency is for each frequency content of bearing fault signal
) by the frequency compression scale ratio
Linear compression, thereby the characteristic frequency boil down to of bearing fault signal
, make it to satisfy the condition of the theoretical medium and small frequency signal of the existing adiabatic approximation of accidental resonance.
Further, described step (3) is specially: the bearing fault signal that will become behind the yardstick affacts bistable system, by analyzing the power spectrum of bistable system output, catches the characteristic frequency of fault-signal, preferably by the frequency compression scale ratio
Recovering the fault-signal characteristic frequency is
Further, described step (4) is specially: add the single-frequency periodic signal
Act on bistable system as control signal, by regulating the amplitude of control signal
Bistable system potential barrier height and Kramers escape rate change, thereby can produce or strengthen accidental resonance artificially, strengthen the spectrum value of bistable system output power spectrum at the frequency input signal place effectively, realize the control of accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristic signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention is by regulating the amplitude of control signal continuously, bistable system potential barrier height and Kramers escape rate change, thereby can produce or strengthen accidental resonance artificially, strengthened the spectrum value of bistable system output power spectrum effectively, finally can detect the bearing fault characteristic signal exactly at the frequency input signal place.The bearing fault signal can effectively amplify the fault signature signal by accidental resonance, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of fault signature signal, obtain the fault signature signal frequency exactly, this method has realized effective control of accidental resonance, for the equipment failure early detection provides a kind of new method.This method is applicable to that also other field relates to the Detection of Weak Signals in the very noisy, can widen the application of accidental resonance, has a good application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the frequency detecting theory diagram that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance.
Fig. 2 is the bearing vibration signal power spectrum chart.
Fig. 3 is the bearing vibration signal power spectrum chart that contains noise.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, concrete steps are as follows:
1, utilize acquisition system to gather vibration acceleration signal;
Degree of will speed up sensor is fixed on the shaking table, and utilizing acquisition system to gather the bearing vibration acceleration signal is the bearing fault signal.
2, the bearing fault signal is transformed to the small frequency signal through variable metric method;
According to the frequency compression scale ratio
Definition compression sampling frequency
, wherein,
Be the actual samples frequency of fault-signal,
Be the frequency compression scale ratio.Obtaining the numerical evaluation step-length by the compression sampling frequency is
, make that (the fault-signal characteristic frequency is for each frequency content of bearing fault signal
) by the frequency compression scale ratio
Linear compression, thereby the characteristic frequency boil down to of bearing fault signal
, make it to satisfy the condition of the theoretical medium and small frequency signal of the existing adiabatic approximation of accidental resonance.
3, the bearing fault signal that will become behind the yardstick affacts bistable system, analyzes the power spectrum of bistable system output, recovers the collection yardstick of actual measurement bearing fault signal by the frequency compression scale ratio;
Bearing fault signal behind the change yardstick is affacted bistable system, by analyzing the power spectrum of bistable system output, catch the characteristic frequency of fault-signal, preferably by the frequency compression scale ratio
Recovering the fault-signal characteristic frequency is
4, add the single-frequency periodic signal and act on bistable system, regulate the amplitude of control signal, thereby produce artificially or the reinforcement accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristic signal as control signal;
Add the single-frequency periodic signal
Act on bistable system as control signal, by regulating the amplitude of control signal
Bistable system potential barrier height and Kramers escape rate change, thereby can produce or strengthen accidental resonance artificially, strengthen the spectrum value of bistable system output power spectrum at the frequency input signal place effectively, realize the control of accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristic signal.
By the following examples content of the present invention is done further explanation.With this method the bearing fault signal is handled.Experimental data is by Case Western Reserve University(CWRU) provide.Fig. 2 is the power spectrum chart of the bearing vibration signal that records in the ecotopia of laboratory, and sample frequency is
, rotating speed is 1797rpm.Since often exist the generation of much noise and accidental resonance also to need suitable noise in the actual field environment, therefore, with noise intensity
White Gaussian noise as background noise be increased to and obtain mixed signal in the bearing vibration signal, power spectrum chart is as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from Figure 3, there is no tangible fault characteristic information.The initialization system structural parameters
,
And do not exist and add periodic signal promptly
, the frequency compression scale ratio
, the compression sampling frequency is
The compressed scale ratio of mixed signal
Affact bistable system after the linear compression, the bistable system output power spectrum as shown in Figure 4.When adopting mode shown in Figure 1 to add parameter be
,
Single-frequency signals act on bistable system as control signal, then the bistable system output power spectrum is as shown in Figure 5.With Fig. 4 more as can be known, Fig. 5's
There is a tangible spectrum peak at the place, and is also original through dimensions in frequency
, this frequency is the frequency of fault signature signal, and its frequency theory value is
Claims (5)
1. one kind based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) utilize acquisition system to gather vibration acceleration signal;
(2) the bearing fault signal is transformed to the small frequency signal through variable metric method;
(3) the bearing fault signal that will become behind the yardstick affacts bistable system, analyzes the power spectrum of bistable system output, recovers the collection yardstick of actual measurement bearing fault signal by the frequency compression scale ratio;
(4) add the single-frequency periodic signal and act on bistable system, regulate the amplitude of control signal, thereby produce artificially or the reinforcement accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristic signal as control signal.
2. according to claim 1 based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that, described step (1) is specially: degree of will speed up sensor is fixed on the shaking table, and utilizing acquisition system to gather the bearing vibration acceleration signal is the bearing fault signal.
3. according to claim 1 based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that described step (2) is specially: according to the frequency compression scale ratio
Definition compression sampling frequency
,
Actual samples frequency for fault-signal; Obtaining the numerical evaluation step-length by the compression sampling frequency is
, make that (the fault-signal characteristic frequency is for each frequency content of bearing fault signal
) by the frequency compression scale ratio
Linear compression, thereby the characteristic frequency boil down to of bearing fault signal
, make it to satisfy the condition of the theoretical medium and small frequency signal of the existing adiabatic approximation of accidental resonance.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that, described step (3) is specially: the bearing fault signal that will become behind the yardstick affacts bistable system, by analyzing the power spectrum of bistable system output, catch the characteristic frequency of fault-signal, preferably by the frequency compression scale ratio
Recovering the fault-signal characteristic frequency is
5. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the bearing fault detection method that adds periodic signal control accidental resonance, it is characterized in that described step (4) is specially: add the single-frequency periodic signal
Act on bistable system as control signal, by regulating the amplitude of control signal
Bistable system potential barrier height and Kramers escape rate change, thereby can produce or strengthen accidental resonance artificially, strengthen the spectrum value of bistable system output power spectrum at the frequency input signal place effectively, realize the control of accidental resonance, detect the bearing fault characteristic signal.
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