CN102226499B - Simulated deepwater oil-gas-water mixed transportation experimental device - Google Patents

Simulated deepwater oil-gas-water mixed transportation experimental device Download PDF

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CN102226499B
CN102226499B CN 201110081061 CN201110081061A CN102226499B CN 102226499 B CN102226499 B CN 102226499B CN 201110081061 CN201110081061 CN 201110081061 CN 201110081061 A CN201110081061 A CN 201110081061A CN 102226499 B CN102226499 B CN 102226499B
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gas
water
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CN102226499A (en
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刘培林
张姝妍
李清平
倪浩
叶忠志
鞠文杰
杨宇航
张佃臣
韩旭平
姚海元
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Research Institute Co Ltd
Offshore Oil Engineering Co Ltd
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
Offshore Oil Engineering Co Ltd
CNOOC Research Center
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Abstract

The invention provides a simulated deepwater oil-gas-water mixed transportation experimental device. The experimental loop comprises a slug flow catcher, an oil-gas-water three phase separator, an oil storage tank, a water storage tank, an oil-gas-water three phase mixer, a first stage compressor, a second stage compressor, a natural gas hydrate generation simulation device and a pinch-sleeve type heat-exchange device, wherein the oil storage tank and the water storage tank are respectively communicated with the oil-gas-water three phase separator through a horizontal pipeline I and a horizontal pipeline II; the oil outlet, the water outlet and the gas outlet of oil-gas-water three phase separator are respectively connected with the oil-gas-water three phase mixer through a pipeline a, a pipeline b and a pipeline c; an oil transfer pump, a water transfer pump and the first stage compressor are respectively arranged on the pipeline a, the pipeline b and the pipeline c; the first stage compressor is connected with the second stage compressor through a pipeline d; the second stage compressor is connected with the natural gas hydrate generation simulation device; the outlet of the oil-gas-water three phase mixer is connected with a tilting pipeline e, and the other end of the pipeline e is connected with the inlet of a stand pipe; a visual window is arranged on the pipeline e; and an exit end of the stand pipe is connected with the slug flow catcher.

Description

A kind of simulated deepwater oil-gas-water mixed transportation experimental device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulated deepwater oil-gas-water mixed transportation experimental device, belong to the mobile safety guarantee technical field of deep water.
Background technology
Compare with single-phase flowing, oil gas water multiphase is moving to be a kind of very complicated flowing.Can say that people still fundamentally do not solve the problem of its flow characteristics being carried out Accurate Prediction so far.Since late 1970s, the discovery in oil field, the European North Sea and the progressively expansion of exploitation scale have further strengthened the demand to the deep water multiphase mixed transportation technology, have effectively promoted the development of this technology.
The deep water seabed is high static pressure, low temperature environment, and this has proposed strict requirement to the sea-bottom oil-gas multiphase pipeline.The application practice at scene, deep water hydrocarbon field shows, in the deep water hydrocarbon multiphase pipeline, the problem of being brought by polyphasic flow composition, seabed relief, operation etc., such as slug flow, analyse wax, hydrate etc., serious threat is to the normal operation of producing and the safety of seabed gathering system, and the dangerous situation that causes thus occurs again and again.Affect deep water flow principal element that the safety guarantee technology uses be himself technology improve and how appropriate on the problem that exists.The mobile safety guarantee technology of deep water is subject very important in the national economy, so far there are that many basic rules and mechanism are not bery clear, and the solution of many engineering technology problems awaits going deep into of this subject research work.
In offshore and gas development, when the mixed transporting tube line in seabed arrives ocean platform, need to be connected with tedge.Under lower gas-liquid flow velocity, special harmful flow pattern of serious slug flow can appear being called in the system that collection is defeated and riser culverts forms.This flow pattern brings many problems for design and production, the big ups and downs of system pressure and the long liquid plug of appearance can cause separation vessel control difficulty, even interruption is produced in appearance, the severe slug flow phenomenon can produce very high back pressure in deepwater oilfield simultaneously, oil reservoir is caused adverse effect, even dried-up well occurs.Therefore, deeply systematically studying genesis mechanism and the flow performance of serious slug flow, explore the feasible method of eliminating serious slug flow, is the key scientific problems that China's offshore petroleum industry moves towards to be badly in need of in the deep water oilfield development process solution.
Crude oil that China produces is waxy crude oil more than 80%, carry waxy crude oil often to adopt heating means to improve the flowability of crude oil.In oil extraction and pipe conveying procedure, because the variation of the environmental baselines such as pressure, temperature, the wax in the crude oil, bituminous matter and colloid can be deposited on the tube wall, and the transporting resistance of crude oil is increased.Economical operation has certain impact to the wax deposition layer on pipeline, when serious in addition can cause solidifying run affairs so, carry to pipeline and to cause very large potential safety hazard.For addressing the above problem, need the oil pipeline wax deposition is carried out prediction and prevention, explore the rule of oil pipeline wax deposition, in order to take active and effective preventive measure, guarantee the normal operation of oil pipeline.
Gas hydrate are the clathrates that form under uniform temperature and pressure condition.Gas hydrate in the pipeline can block pipeline, affects the normal conveying of petroleum gas, also may cause damage to submarine pipeline and coupling arrangement, even cause a large amount of economic losses and casualties.Therefore, the generation of gas hydrate is the difficult problem that gas industry circle must solve in gas production, processing and transportation.
Urgency for the research of the mobile safety technique experiment of present deep water loop, first-class test unit is being built aspect the technical research of deep water hydrocarbon water mixed delivery in Europe, France, Britain, Norway all are provided with the polyphase fluid experimental loop that certain scale and technical merit rank lance before the world, in succession initiate several deep water hydrocarbon water mixed delivery technical research projects, carried out a large amount of research work at aspects such as slug flow simulation, wax deposit research, hydrate braking measure, multiphase pipe flow pressure drop calculating, multiphase mixing transmission pump, multi-phase flowmeters.In the hope of being applied to engineering reality, improve the stability of the mobile safe transport of deep water.But the deficiency that present existing multi-phase pipeline loop experimental provision exists mainly is:
(1) function singleness of laboratory loop can not be simulated deep water flow assurance safety problem various working;
(2) present laboratory loop mainly concentrates on middle low-pressure system research, the discontented firmly actual condition of deep water high pressure low temperature;
(3) at present China to carry out the flow research of safety guarantee technology of deep water not deep enough, relevant multi-phase mixed delivering loop design scale and method of testing all have a long way to go with the operating mode of deep water reality, its experimental result is difficult to be generalized to the application of deep water engineering.
Therefore design a cover and can simulate the multifunctional oil gas water mixed delivery loop experimental provision of deep water actual condition, the many-sided technical fields such as safety guarantee problem such as slug flow, wax deposit, hydrate formation that can flow to deep water are carried out simulated experiment, for the mobile safety guarantee technology of deep water lays the foundation in application and the popularization of case history.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multifunctional oil gas water mixed delivery experimental provision that possesses, can simulate the actual working conditions in the deep water engineering-environment, be suitable for simultaneously studying deep water slug flow simulation, low-temperature wax deposition, stopping transportation and restart, the different deep water such as the hydrate formation complete research systems such as the experimental study of safety guarantee technology and engineering popularization that flow.
A kind of simulated deepwater oil-gas-water mixed transportation experimental device provided by the invention comprises that slug catcher, three phases separator, storage tank, water tank, three-phase mixer, a stage compressor, split compressor, gas hydrate generate analogue means and jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig; Be equipped with well heater on described storage tank and the water tank; Described storage tank and water tank are connected with described three phases separator by horizontal pipeline I and horizontal pipeline II respectively, are respectively equipped with transfer pump and water transfer pump on described horizontal pipeline I and the horizontal pipeline II; The oil-out of described three phases separator, water delivering orifice and gas outlet link to each other with described three-phase mixer with pipeline c by pipeline a, pipeline b respectively, are respectively equipped with transfer pump, water transfer pump and a stage compressor on described pipeline a, pipeline b and the pipeline c; A described stage compressor links to each other with described split compressor by pipeline d; Described split compressor generates analogue means with described gas hydrate and links to each other; The outlet of described three-phase mixer links to each other with the pipeline e of inclination, and the other end of described pipeline e links to each other with the inlet end of standpipe; Described pipeline e is provided with visual windows; The endpiece of described standpipe links to each other with described slug catcher; Described jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig is parallel on the described pipeline e, and described jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig comprises the bushing type pipeline that several are in parallel, and the inner tube size of described several bushing type pipelines is all unequal; The outlet of cold-producing medium storage tank all links to each other with the outer tube of described bushing type pipeline with entrance, and circulation passes into cold-producing medium in the outer tube of described bushing type pipeline; The porch of described standpipe is provided with horizontal pipeline III, and the other end of described horizontal pipeline III links to each other with described three phases separator; The liquid outlet of described slug catcher links to each other with described three phases separator, and the gas outlet of described slug catcher links to each other with described pipeline c.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described slug catcher can be gas-liquid two-phase separator.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described storage tank is connected with described pipeline a, and described water storage is filled with and is connected with described pipeline b.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described gas hydrate generate analogue means and can be the reducing pressure by regulating flow device, and described reducing pressure by regulating flow device can be throttling valve, regulates and control the generation of gas hydrate by the mode of step-down.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described gas hydrate generate analogue means and can be rock gas/refrigerant heat exchanger; The circulation in described rock gas/refrigerant heat exchanger of described cold-producing medium storage tank passes into described cold-producing medium, regulates and control the generation of gas hydrate by the mode of cooling.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, the detection of described gas hydrate can be adopted optical detection, pressure differential detection, temperature detection.Optical detection requires that transparent form is arranged, pressure differential detection can by filter pressure reduction change to realize that temperature detection can be undertaken by sensor.After the stable formation of described gas hydrate, can eliminate by dual mode, the one, use the chemical agent system, inject described hydrate inhibitor for natural gas, record the relation that injection rate IR and hydrate form; The 2nd, the electric-heating belt heating by module-external improves temperature to eliminate described gas hydrate.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, the wax deposition of lowering the temperature gradually of the crude oil in the inner tube of described bushing type pipeline endways, can measure by gamma-rays and FBRM probo (focused beam reflectance test probe) thickness of wax deposition, detect the temperature of different depth by the different temperature transmitter of insertion depth, thereby analyze different temperature fields to the impact of wax deposition and the Regular of Wax Deposition of oil product.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, the two ends of described jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig are respectively equipped with service cylinder and ball collecting chamber, are used for removing wax deposition; Occur in the serious situation about stopping up, described bushing type pipeline can dismantle to remove wax deposition
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described pipeline e pitch angle with respect to the horizontal plane is 0 °-45 °, in order to produce severe slug in described standpipe; Can carry out flow pattern research by inclination angle and the gas liquid ratio that changes described pipeline e, and then obtain the popular established practice rule of slug and slug amount.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described bushing type pipeline can be 3.
In the above-mentioned experimental provision, described cold-producing medium can be ethylene glycol; Described cold-producing medium storage tank can link to each other with refrigeration machine, to continue to provide described cold-producing medium.
The invention reside in provides a kind of mobile safety guarantee mixed transportation of oil and gas experimental provision of multi-functional deep water that possesses, (pumped (conveying) medium pressure is high to simulate the deep water engineering-environment, the pipeline environment temperature is low) in actual working conditions, being suitable for simultaneously studying deep water slug flow simulation, low-temperature wax deposition, stopping transportation restarts, the complete research systems such as the experimental study of the mobile safety guarantee technology of the different deep water such as hydrate formation and engineering popularization have been filled up domestic blank.Meanwhile, reduce the duplicate construction of loop, further improve the Comprehensive Experiment researching value of loop.The mobile safety guarantee mixed transportation of oil and gas experiment of multi-functional deep water loop is that experimental study and performance test basis have been established in the exploitation of deep water hydrocarbon field, for the performance test of key equipment and production domesticization provide may, correlative study will improve China and develop South China Sea Deep Water hydrocarbon resources ability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of mixed transportation of oil and gas experimental provision of the present invention.
Each mark is as follows among the figure: 1 gas-liquid two-phase separator, 2 three phases separators, 3 oil storages are filled with, 4 oil storage tank heaters, 5 low pressure transfer pumps, 6 heating water storage tank devices, 7 low-pressure water delivery pumps, 8 water tanks, 9 ball collecting chambers, 10 transfer pumps, 11 water transfer pumps, 12 1 stage compressors, 13 three-phase mixers, 14 service cylinders, 15 split compressors, 16 bushing type pipelines, 17 rock gases/ethylene glycol heat interchanger, 18 refrigeration machines, 19 cold ethylene glycol storage tanks, 20 cold eg pumps, 21 throttling valve, 22 pipeline a, 23 pipeline b, 24 pipeline c, 25 pipeline d, 26 pipeline e, 27 horizontal pipeline I, 28 horizontal pipeline II, 29 horizontal pipeline III, 30 standpipes.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Mixed transportation of oil and gas experimental provision of the present invention comprises that gas-liquid two-phase separator 1, three phases separator 2, storage tank 3, water tank 8, three-phase mixer 13, a stage compressor 12, split compressor 15, gas hydrate generate analogue means and jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig; Storage tank 3 and water tank 8 are respectively equipped with oil storage tank heater 4 and heating water storage tank device 6; Storage tank 3 and water tank 8 are connected with three phases separator 2 by horizontal pipeline I 27 and horizontal pipeline II 28 respectively, are respectively equipped with low pressure transfer pump 5 and low-pressure water delivery pump 11 on horizontal pipeline I 27 and the horizontal pipeline II 28; The oil-out of three phases separator 2, water delivering orifice and gas outlet link to each other with three-phase mixer 13 with pipeline c24 by pipeline a22, pipeline b23 respectively, are respectively equipped with transfer pump 10, water transfer pump 11 and a stage compressor 12 on pipeline a22, pipeline b23 and the pipeline c24; Storage tank 3 is connected with pipeline a22, and water tank 8 is connected with pipeline b23; One stage compressor 12 links to each other with split compressor 15 by pipeline d25; It is throttling valve 21 that gas hydrate generate analogue means; Split compressor 15 links to each other with throttling valve 21, regulates and control the generation of gas hydrate by step-down; Gas hydrate detect can adopt optical detection, pressure differential detection or temperature detection; After the stable formation of gas hydrate, can eliminate by dual mode, the one, use the chemical agent system, inject hydrate inhibitor, record the relation that injection rate IR and hydrate form; The 2nd, by the electric-heating belt heating of module-external, improve temperature to eliminate hydrate; The outlet of three-phase mixer 13 links to each other with the pipeline e26 of adjustable inclination, and the pitch angle of pipeline e26 and surface level is 30 °, and the other end of pipeline e26 links to each other with the inlet end of standpipe 30; Pipeline e26 is provided with the visual windows (not shown), is used for observing the variation of flow pattern; The endpiece of standpipe 30 links to each other with gas-liquid two-phase separator 1; The jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig is parallel on the pipeline e26, this jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig comprises the bushing type pipeline 16 of 3 parallel connections, the inner tube size of 3 bushing type pipelines 16 is all unequal, be used for the wax deposition test, can measure by gamma-rays and FBRM probo (focused beam reflectance test probe) thickness of wax deposition, detect the temperature of different depth by the different temperature transmitter of insertion depth, thereby analyze different temperature fields to the impact of wax deposition and the Regular of Wax Deposition of oil product; The outlet of cold ethylene glycol storage tank 19 all links to each other with the outer tube of bushing type pipeline 16 with entrance, and pass into refrigeration ethylene glycol by the circulation in the outer tube of bushing type pipeline 16 of cold eg pump 20, cold ethylene glycol storage tank 19 links to each other with refrigeration machine 18, is used for ethylene glycol is carried out circularly cooling; The inlet end of bushing type pipeline 16 and endpiece are respectively equipped with service cylinder 14 and ball collecting chamber 9, are used for removing the wax deposit in the pipeline; The porch of standpipe 30 is provided with horizontal pipeline III29, and the other end of horizontal pipeline III29 links to each other with three phases separator 2; The liquid outlet of gas-liquid two-phase separator 1 links to each other with three phases separator 2, and the gas outlet of gas-liquid two-phase separator 1 links to each other with pipeline c24; Be equipped with the stop valve (not shown) on pipeline a22, pipeline b23, pipeline c24, pipeline d25, pipeline e26, horizontal pipeline I 27, horizontal pipeline II28, horizontal pipeline III29 and the standpipe 30; Be equipped with the flowmeter (not shown) on pipeline a22, pipeline b23 and the pipeline c24.
In the above-mentioned mixed transportation of oil and gas experimental provision, gas hydrate generate analogue means and also can be rock gas/ethylene glycol heat interchanger 17, and by refrigeration machine 18 and cold ethylene glycol storage tank 19 to wherein cycling through cold ethylene glycol, regulate and control the generation of gas hydrate in the mode of cooling; (but not being 0 °) can be regulated in pipeline e pitch angle with respect to the horizontal plane in 0 °-45 °; The number of bushing type pipeline 16 can be regulated according to actual needs.

Claims (8)

1. mixed transportation of oil and gas experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described experimental provision is the experiment loop, and described experiment loop comprises that slug catcher, three phases separator, storage tank, water tank, three-phase mixer, a stage compressor, split compressor, gas hydrate generate analogue means and jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig; Be equipped with well heater on described storage tank and the water tank; Described storage tank and water tank are connected with described three phases separator by horizontal pipeline I and horizontal pipeline II respectively, are respectively equipped with transfer pump and water transfer pump on described horizontal pipeline I and the horizontal pipeline II; The oil-out of described three phases separator, water delivering orifice and gas outlet link to each other with described three-phase mixer with pipeline c by pipeline a, pipeline b respectively, are respectively equipped with transfer pump, water transfer pump and a stage compressor on described pipeline a, pipeline b and the pipeline c; A described stage compressor links to each other with described split compressor by pipeline d; Described split compressor generates analogue means with described gas hydrate and links to each other; The outlet of described three-phase mixer links to each other with the pipeline e of inclination, and the other end of described pipeline e links to each other with the inlet end of standpipe; Described pipeline e is provided with visual windows; The endpiece of described standpipe links to each other with described slug catcher; Described jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig is parallel on the described pipeline e, and described jacketed pipe type heat-exchanger rig comprises the bushing type pipeline that several are in parallel, and the inner tube size of described several bushing type pipelines is all unequal; The outlet of cold-producing medium storage tank all links to each other with the outer tube of described bushing type pipeline with entrance, and circulation passes into cold-producing medium in the outer tube of described bushing type pipeline; The porch of described standpipe is provided with horizontal pipeline III, and the other end of described horizontal pipeline III links to each other with described three phases separator; The liquid outlet of described slug catcher links to each other with described three phases separator, and the gas outlet of described slug catcher links to each other with described pipeline c;
Described slug catcher is gas-liquid two-phase separator.
2. experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described storage tank is connected with described pipeline a, and described water storage is filled with and is connected with described pipeline b.
3. experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: it is the reducing pressure by regulating flow device that described gas hydrate generate analogue means.
4. experimental provision according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described reducing pressure by regulating flow device is throttling valve.
5. experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: it is rock gas/refrigerant heat exchanger that described gas hydrate generate analogue means.
6. experimental provision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inlet end of described bushing type pipeline and endpiece are respectively equipped with service cylinder and ball collecting chamber; Described pipeline e pitch angle with respect to the horizontal plane is 0 °-45 °
7. experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bushing type pipeline is 3.
8. experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cold-producing medium is ethylene glycol; Described cold-producing medium storage tank links to each other with refrigeration machine.
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