CN102225428A - Method for improving electrokinetic remediation efficiency of polluted soil and groundwater by artificial focusing - Google Patents
Method for improving electrokinetic remediation efficiency of polluted soil and groundwater by artificial focusing Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009393 electroremediation Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrokinetic remediation method of polluted soil and groundwater; according to the method, by using the trapping effect of ion-induced voltage well, artificial high-conductance soil is established between a cathode and an anode so as to prepare an artificial focusing zone; upriver pollutants are entrapped in the artificial focusing zone, and downriver pollutants still migrate into the electrode working fluid for removal. The artificial focusing zone rich in pollutants is excavated, and is treated and disposed by a transposition method. The advantages of the method are that: the migration distance and time of upriver pollutants of the artificial focusing zone are shortened, and thus the time, energy consumption and related cost of the electrokinetic remediation of the whole field are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificially the manufacturing at desired location and focus on phenomenon to improve the method for contaminated soil and the electronic remediation efficiency of underground water based on ion induction voltage trap capture effect (Ion-induced potential well trappingeffect).
Background technology
When the waste water that produces in the industrial processes and solid waste enter soil, can cause soil and phreatic pollution, when changing land used such as inhabitation, agricultural into when this place, must carry out soil and phreatic reparation, eliminate pollutant wherein.
The main method of soil and underground water reparation has: (1) physics reparation: physical separation reparation, curing/stabilizing reparation, steam lixiviate reparation, electronic reparation etc.; (2) chemistry is repaired: chemical leaching reparation, solvent lixiviate reparation, high temperature incineration reparation, redox reparation etc.; (3) biological restoration: preparation bed method, soil are piled rotten method, mud bioreactor method, soil cultivating method etc.Whether will excavate according to soil, these technology can be divided into original position (in situ) recovery technique and dystopy (ex situ) recovery technique.Based technique for in-situ remediation can be divided into in-situ treatment technology and in-situ control technology again.The in-situ treatment technology is meant by methods such as physics, chemistry, biologies and in position pollutant is removed from soil and underground water; And the in-situ control technology is meant by the whole bag of tricks pollutant to be limited in and stops it to external diffusion in certain zone of original position.The dystopy recovery technique be meant with contaminated soil dig out from original position in the venue somewhere or repair or control landfill outside the place somewhere.
Electric repairing technique is to utilize electrochemical principle (Fig. 1), positive electrode 4 and negative electrode 5 are inserted in two ends at contaminated soil 1,2,3, form DC electric field, under electric field action, pollutant (mainly being the heavy metal contaminants that exists with ionic state) in soil and the underground water is charged different and to two electrodes migrations (being electromigration) according to institute separately, enter at last in the electrode working solution, realize the purpose that pollutant is removed from soil and underground water.Electric repairing technique uses as based technique for in-situ remediation usually.
When adopting electric repairing technique that contaminated soil and underground water are carried out original position when repairing; usually can focus on phenomenon 2 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2); that is: target contaminant some zone 2 in repairing the place is gathered; cause these regional pollution substrate concentrations to increase unusually, can be up to the several times of concentration before the electronic reparation.The position that focal zone occurs and the initial distribution situation of pollutant levels there is no direct relation, that is: the zone that the heavy metal initial concentration is high might not be the position that focal zone occurs.Uncertainty that focal position occurs and ultrahigh concentration are that examination sampling and the evaluation work after repair in the place brought huge difficulty.In addition, the translational speed of focal zone is very slow, well below the translational speed of heavy metal at the non-focusing band, causes whole place to prolong the also corresponding increase several times of several times, power consumption electronic repair time.The research of electronic reparation is the history of existing nearly three more than ten years so far, and laboratory research has a large amount of successful cases, but seldom sees the engineering practical application, and the unstability of repairing effect on the spot, expense and time that the focusing phenomenon causes is its one of the main reasons.For focusing on the rarely seen particular study of mechanism that phenomenon produces, be commonly considered as since heavy metal ion in transition process with OH
-Ion or other anion react and generate the result of precipitation, as long as but this can't explain and applies sufficiently high voltage, conduction time long enough, focal zone still can the slowly directed phenomenon that moves (sediment is an electroneutral, is can be directed not mobile under electric field action).Applicant proves through long term studies, the formation of focal zone 2 is not a kind of chemical reaction phenomenon in the electronic repair process, but a kind of physical phenomenon, only lead regional 1 electromigration in heavy metal ion by low electricity and enter high electricity and lead under the situation in zone 3 and just can take place, the position is at the intersection 3 in two zones.This is because the low electricity between anode 4 and the negative electrode 5 is led zone 1 and high electricity leads zone 3 and be series relationship, causing low electricity to lead voltage gradient on the zone 1 is higher than high electricity and leads zone 3, and heavy metal ion electromigration speed in soil is directly proportional with voltage gradient (electric-field intensity) on being applied to soil, therefore, when heavy metal ion when (promptly low electricity is led zone 1) electromigration enters low-voltage gradient region (being that high electricity is led zone 3) from the high-voltage gradient zone, migration velocity is fallen suddenly, assembles forming focal zone (just as automobile enters the traffic congestion phenomenon that slow lane forms suddenly from the fast traffic lane) at the intersection 2 in two zones.High electricity is led electricity that district and low electricity lead the district, and to lead difference big more, and it is serious more to focus on phenomenon, and the high electricity electricity of leading the district leads greatly more, and moving of focal zone is slow more.If but heavy metal ion just can not focus on phenomenon (can not form the traffic congestion phenomenon just as automobile enters the fast traffic lane suddenly from slow lane) when low-voltage gradient region (be high electricity lead zone 3) electromigration enters high-voltage gradient zone (promptly low electricity is led zone 1).
The soil conductivity difference that the difference of this because soil water intermediate ion concentration causes, and then cause voltage gradient is different in the electronic reparation situation to be referred to as ion induction voltage trap capturing effect (ion-induced potential well trapping effect).
Under the identical situation of moisture content, mainly by the total concentration decision of soil water intermediate ion, these ions comprise the height of soil conductivity: K
+, Na
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Mn
2+, Cl
-, SO
4 2-, NO
3 -Deng and as the heavy metal ion of repairing target contaminant.Usually, therefore the ratio very low (a few percent to ten thousand/several) that heavy metal ion is shared therein, only relies on the concentration of target heavy metal ion generally can not judge the height of soil conductivity, needs actual measurement.
Natural place is because the inequality of soil physico-chemical property causes its soil conductivity distribution also inhomogeneous, ground on the scene has been built after the factory, because the influence of construction and blowdown, the inhomogeneities that whole place electricity is led distribution further strengthens, therefore, in contaminated soil and phreatic electronic repair process, focus on phenomenon or light or important place ubiquity.
In addition, if the control of electrode working solution is improper in electronic repair process, also can cause taking place near the soil electrode to focus on phenomenon (Fig. 2).Add electrolytical main purpose in the electrode working solution 6 and be for conduct electricity or in and electrolysate (as: H
+Ion and OH
-Ion).If but the electrolyte concentration height, the amount of electrolyte that can cause diffusing into electrode district soil by electrode working solution 6 makes near the soil conductivity of electrode raise greater than the amount that is diffused into electrode working solution 6 by electrode district soil, forms high electricity and leads district 3.Lead the rising amplitude when big when this electricity, phenomenon 2 will take place in the soil significantly to focus near electrode.
Though it is very harmful to electronic reparation to focus on phenomenon, but after understanding its genesis mechanism, also can utilize its mechanism between two electrodes, to make focal zone artificially, under the situation that does not increase number of electrodes, shorten the time of electronic reparation, improve electronic remediation efficiency and reduce rehabilitation expense.
Summary of the invention
The method that the present invention proposes is to build an artificial high electricity lead soil belt 3 between anode 4 and negative electrode 5 according to shown in Figure 3, and leads the installation dynamic sampling apparatus 7 of original position (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) soil belt 3 at this artificial high electricity.After the energising, lead soil belt 3 at artificial high electricity and form artificial focal zone 2 (Fig. 3) with native soil 1 intersection, and this focal zone 2 is led in the soil belt 3 to artificial high electricity gradually and is moved, when to the last soon leading soil belt 3 through artificial high electricity, stop energising, artificial high electricity is led soil belt 3 all take out, change another new artificial high electricity and lead soil belt 3 and proceed electronic reparation, till thinking that the electronic reparation of soil 1 has reached target setting.The heavy metal contaminants that this method makes artificial high electricity lead 3 upstreams, soil belt is trapped and is enriched to artificial high electricity and leads in the soil belt 3, needn't continue to move to electrode 5 again; Simultaneously the artificial high electricity heavy metal contaminants of leading 3 downstreams, soil belt then is still and moves to electrode 5 and be removed.If it is even substantially that the electricity of soil 1 is led with the heavy metal pollution concentration profile, artificial high electricity is set two electrode middles leads soil belt 3 and can shorten one times electronic repair time in theory.Can between anode 4 and negative electrode 5, build a plurality of artificial high electricity as required and lead soil belt 3, with further shortening electronic repair time.
Artificial high electricity is led soil belt 3 and is used the soil of same court to prepare as original soil.In the place that the artificial high electricity of plan construction is led soil belt 3 soil is dug out, add electrolyte then in the soil that digs out, its electricity is led increases by 1～10 times.The high electricity that configures is led the soil backfill compacting promptly to be built up artificial high electricity and leads soil belt 3.The preparation original soil that artificial high electricity is led soil belt 3 also can adopt the lower soil of other local infiltration coefficients in the soil that digs out when building electrode cell 6 or the place.Take out for convenient, the high electricity that the permeable linings of high strength such as available geotextiles, nylon cloth will be prepared is put into the soil compacting after leading the soil parcel again.
By Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4 leading in the soil belt 3 the dynamic sampling apparatus 7 of original position is installed, is used for dynamic monitoring focal zone 2 forward positions to lead situation about moving in the soil belt at artificial high electricity at artificial high electricity.When monitoring the focal zone forward position near artificial high electricity when having led the soil belt downstream end face, stop energising, artificial high electricity is led the soil belt take out, change another new artificial high electricity and lead the soil belt and proceed electronic reparation, till thinking that the electronic reparation of soil 1 has reached target setting.
Enrichment the processing of leading the soil belt of the artificial high electricity of heavy metal with dispose the dystopy method that adopts.Can be cured according to the actual conditions of various places stabilisation landfill, cement kiln, drip washing, cement kiln mix and burn and recycling.
Description of drawings
The electronic reparation focal zone of Fig. 1 soil and underground water forms principle schematic.
The soil focal zone forms schematic diagram near Fig. 2 electrode.
The artificial high electricity of Fig. 3 is led soil belt set-up mode schematic diagram.
The artificial high electricity of Fig. 4 is led the dynamic sampling apparatus scheme of installation of original position (top view) in the soil belt
The specific embodiment
(1) between anode 4 and negative electrode 5, digs out the artificial high electricity of installation and lead the hole in soil belt 3, and will cheat the end and repair smooth with the hole wall.
(2) prepare high electricity with the soil that digs out in this place as original soil and lead soil, be backfilling into compacting in the hole, form artificial high electricity and lead soil belt 3.According to field condition, if think and be necessary, can after leading soil belt permeable geotextiles of 3 outer wrapping high strength or nylon cloth, artificial high electricity be installed to again in the hole, take out with convenient.
(3) lead in the soil belt 3 by the arrangement of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 at artificial high electricity the dynamic sampling apparatus 7 of original position is installed.
(4) lead on 3 downstream end face of soil belt the 3rd group of dynamic sampling apparatus 7 of original position of (near the face of electrode 5) when monitoring the forward position of focal zone 2 when being positioned at artificial high electricity, stop energising, whole artificial high electricity is led soil belt 3 taking-ups to be handled, change another new artificial high electricity and lead soil belt 3 and proceed electronic reparation, till thinking that the electronic reparation of soil 1 has reached target setting.
(5) adopt the dystopy method to enrichment the artificial high electricity of heavy metal lead soil belt 3 and handle and dispose.Can be cured according to the actual conditions of various places stabilisation landfill, cement kiln, drip washing, cement kiln mix and burn or recycling.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is utilized the artificial method that improves contaminated soil and the electronic remediation efficiency of underground water that focuses on;
It is characterized in that: the present invention builds an artificial high electricity and leads the soil belt between anode and negative electrode, and leads the situation of movement that the dynamic sampling apparatus monitoring of original position focal zone forward position is installed in the soil belt at this artificial high electricity; In electronic repair process, artificial high electricity is led heavy metal contaminants in the soil of upstream, soil belt and is trapped and is enriched in artificial high electricity and leads in the soil belt, form artificial focal zone, artificial high electricity is led the soil belt and is removed after saturated and carries out that dystopy is handled and dispose (as: solidify stabilisation landfill, drip washing, cement kiln mix burning etc.); Artificial high electricity is led heavy metal contaminants in the soil of downstream, soil belt and is then moved to electrode and be removed; The heavy metal contaminants that artificial high electricity is led the upstream, soil belt in this method no longer is removed behind electrode through long-distance migration as the conventional electric reparation, makes and reduced electronic repair time and correlative charges under the situation that does not increase electrode; Can between anode and negative electrode, build a plurality of artificial high electricity as required and lead the soil belt, further shorten electronic repair time.
2. method according to claim 1;
It is characterized in that: artificial high electricity is led the soil belt and is used the soil of same court to prepare as original soil, in the place that the artificial high electricity of plan construction is led the soil belt soil is dug out, add electrolyte (as: sodium acetate and buffer solution thereof, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate etc.) then in the soil that digs out, its electricity is led increases by 1～10 times; Artificial high electricity leads that soil belt thickness is thin more, the soil permeability coefficient is low more, repair time is long more, and it is high more that the electricity that requires to increase is led multiple, otherwise desirable low value is led the soil backfill compacting with the high electricity that configures and promptly built up artificial high electricity and lead the soil belt; The thickness that artificial high electricity is led the soil belt is generally 0.2～1.0m, and width is identical with the scope that every pair of electrode cell covers with the degree of depth; The preparation original soil that artificial high electricity is led the soil belt also can adopt the lower soil of other local infiltration coefficients in the soil that digs out when building electrode cell or the place; According to field condition, can after leading permeable geotextiles of soil belt outer wrapping high strength or nylon cloth, artificial high electricity be installed to again in the soil, take out with convenient.
3. method according to claim 1;
It is characterized in that: artificial high electricity is led and the dynamic sampling apparatus of original position has been installed in the soil belt is used for dynamic monitoring focal zone forward position and leads situation about moving in the soil belt at artificial high electricity, the dynamic sampling apparatus of original position has three groups, first group is installed in artificial high electricity and leads on the upstream face of soil belt, second group is installed in artificial high electricity and leads in the middle of the soil belt, the 3rd group is installed in artificial high electricity and leads on the downstream face of soil belt, when monitoring the forward position of focal zone for the 3rd group, stop energising, whole artificial high electricity is led the soil belt take out and to handle, reinstall a new artificial high electricity and lead the soil belt and proceed electronic reparation.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110082498.7A CN102225428B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Method for improving electrokinetic remediation efficiency of polluted soil and groundwater by artificial focusing |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110082498.7A CN102225428B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Method for improving electrokinetic remediation efficiency of polluted soil and groundwater by artificial focusing |
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| CN102225428B CN102225428B (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 《广东微量元素科学》 20081231 冯婷婷 电动修复土壤中重金属污染的改良方法 全文 1-3 , * |
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| CN102225428B (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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