CN102220934A - 风力涡轮机 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102220934A
CN102220934A CN2011100950439A CN201110095043A CN102220934A CN 102220934 A CN102220934 A CN 102220934A CN 2011100950439 A CN2011100950439 A CN 2011100950439A CN 201110095043 A CN201110095043 A CN 201110095043A CN 102220934 A CN102220934 A CN 102220934A
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generator
wind turbine
main shaft
rotor
stator
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K.文茨克
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种风力涡轮机(1,16),包括:容纳主轴(3)的壳体(2);至少第一发电机,该第一发电机带有定子(8)和转子(12)并且安装在所述主轴(3)的叶片侧上;以及,第二发电机,该第二发电机带有定子(9)和转子(13)并且安装在所述主轴(3)的相对侧上,其中所述定子(8,9)由附属的转子(12,13)环绕。

Description

风力涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮机,其包括:容纳主轴的壳体;至少第一发电机,该第一发电机带有定子和转子并且安装在主轴的叶片侧;以及第二发电机,该第二发电机带有定子和转子并且安装在主轴的相对侧。
背景技术
风力涡轮机包括安装在毂上的叶片,所述毂附接到转子,当风经过叶片时转子旋转。转子的旋转被用来驱动发电机。典型地,转子承载有面向定子上的磁场发生器的导体绕组或线圈,使得在线圈和磁场发生器之间存在相对运动以产生电。
风力涡轮机的发动机功率近年来持续增加。目前,风力涡轮机已开发成用于产生10 MW的电力。装新发动机或用现代化的多兆瓦特的风力涡轮机代替第一代风力涡轮机将在未来国际风能市场上占有重大利益。对现代化的风力涡轮机的需求在于提高可利用风能的使用,从而能明显降低成本和输出功率之间的关系。有关运输、装卸和架设风力涡轮机的计划和执行的努力都取决于部件的巨大程度。为了实现对可用空间的最大利用,渴望提高风力涡轮机的功率密度。
发动机功率的增加导致了在不包括分离发电机的直接驱动式涡轮机中的发电机直径的增大。直接驱动式发电机的大直径导致了总重量的增大,并使风力涡轮机的装配和运输复杂化。
从WO 2008/078342 A1中已知多发电机风力涡轮机。该风力涡轮机包括两个安装在支撑结构上的发电机。第一发电机连接到驱动叶片装置,并且可以通过离合器选择性地机械连接到第二发电机以驱动该第二发电机。该风力发电机为多极的无传动装置的同步发电机。该风力涡轮机包括双面转子、定子和在转子外侧上的永磁体。转子安装法兰的两侧上,该法兰支撑在轴承内。与法兰连接的驱动轴向第二发电机传递扭矩。定子固定在主框架体的两侧上。一个实施例包括具有多个同心发电机的风力涡轮机。该风力涡轮机包括双面转子、在转子外侧和内测上的永磁体、以及与外部定子一样直接与主框架连接的内部定子。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供一种降低了总重量的风力涡轮机,该风力涡轮机更紧凑,因此更容易运输。
根据本发明,在上面限定的风力涡轮机中,这个目标因为定子被附属转子环绕而实现。
本发明基于这样一种想法,即为了减少风力涡轮机的重量和尺寸,常规的转子和定子的布置可以颠倒。在常规的风力涡轮机中,定子定位在转子外侧。与此相反,本发明的风力涡轮机的转子被布置为环绕定子。
在本发明的风力涡轮机中,优选的是定子被布置在壳体的外侧。永磁同步发电机的外部定子直接安装在风力涡轮机的壳体中或壳体处。
根据本发明的风力涡轮机的优选实施例,第一转子由在主轴的叶片侧提供的法兰支撑,第二转子由在主轴的相对侧提供的法兰支撑。两个外部转子都被螺栓固定在与风力涡轮机的主轴连接的法兰的两侧上。
为了增大本发明的风力涡轮机的效率,定子可以是水冷的。优选地,在壳体内提供水冷,以使两个定子可以更紧凑地构建,从而进一步提高电效率。
有利的是,本发明的风力涡轮机的主轴是空心的。关于轴承安装方面有利的是,风力涡轮机的主轴的直径比常规的风力涡轮机的驱动轴的直径大许多。
本发明的风力涡轮机可以提供有包括固定轴承和浮动轴承且连接在主轴和壳体之间的轴承布置,固定轴承是双排球面滚子轴承且浮动轴承是圆环滚子或圆柱滚子轴承。这种轴承布置与常规的轴承布置(例如在WO  2008/078342  A1中公开的)相比,导致了较低的成本。
根据本发明的风力涡轮机的特别优选实施例,其可包括布置在壳体内的第三发电机和第四发电机。在这点上,优选的是,第三发电机和第四发电机关于第一发电机和第二发电机同心布置。第三发电机和第四发电机被布置以便环绕第一发电机和第二发电机的同心布置导致了非常紧凑的设计和较低的电力/重量比。
优选地,第三发电机和第四发电机的转子被布置在主轴上,特别地,它们可以被布置在附接到主轴的法兰上。
根据本发明的风力涡轮机的优选实施例,第三发电机和第四发电机的转子可以邻近主轴的轴承来布置。
当考虑下面对优选实施例的详细描述时,本发明和其基本原理将被更好地理解。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是剖视图形式的本发明的风力涡轮机的第一实施例的示意图;和
图2以剖视图显示了本发明的风力涡轮机的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
图1以剖视图显示了包括壳体2的风力涡轮机,壳体2容纳有可以旋转的空心主轴3。壳体2安装在塔架上。毂4连接到主轴3,叶片5安装在毂4上。当风经过叶片5时,毂4和主轴3被旋转。包括固定轴承6和浮动轴承7的轴承布置被布置在壳体2内。固定轴承6被安装为双排球面滚子轴承或双排圆锥滚子轴承,浮动轴承7被形成为圆环滚子轴承或圆柱滚子轴承。
第一定子8安装在风力涡轮机1的叶片侧上,第二定子9安装在相对侧上。定子8、9均被形成为布置在壳体2外侧的环。水冷系统11被分配给每个定子8、9。
外部转子12、13被布置在与刚性的空心主轴3连接的法兰14、15上。在叶片侧上的固定轴承6通过冷缩配合与壳体2和主轴3连接。浮动轴承7也直接与壳体2和主轴3连接。叶片侧的法兰14直接与毂4连接且扭矩通过空心主轴3被传递给包括定子9、转子13和法兰15的发电机。
图2显示了风力涡轮机16的另一个实施例,其中相似的附图标记被用于相似的部件。与图1的实施例的部件相同的那些部件不再详细说明。除图1的风力涡轮机的部件外,风力涡轮机16包括安装在壳体2内的第三定子17和第四定子18。水冷却装置10、11被布置在定子8、17和9、18之间,从而使得定子17、18也被冷却。第三转子19和第四转子20安装在主轴3的外侧上,从而使得它们面向定子17、18。定子17、18关于转子19、20,也关于转子12、13同心布置。
风力涡轮机16是紧凑的,具有减少的总重量和减少的定子磁体的重量。

Claims (11)

1. 一种风力涡轮机(1,16),包括:容纳主轴(3)的壳体(2);至少第一发电机,所述第一发电机带有定子(8)和转子(12)并且安装在所述主轴(3)的叶片侧上;以及第二发电机,所述第二发电机带有定子(9)和转子(13)并且安装在所述主轴(3)的相对侧上,其特征在于,所述定子(8,9)被附属的转子(12,13)环绕。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述定子(8,9)被布置在所述壳体(2)的外侧。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述第一转子(12)由在所述主轴(3)的叶片侧提供的法兰(14)支撑,且所述第二转子(13)由在所述主轴(3)的相对侧处提供的法兰(15)支撑。
4. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述定子(8,9)是水冷的。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,水冷却(10,11)提供在所述壳体(3)内。
6. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述主轴(3)是空心的。
7. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,提供包括固定轴承(6)和浮动轴承(7)的轴承布置,所述轴承布置连接在所述主轴(3)和所述壳体(2)之间,所述固定轴承(6)是双排球面滚子轴承或双排圆锥滚子轴承,所述浮动轴承(7)是圆环滚子轴承或圆柱滚子轴承。
8. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述风力涡轮机包括第三发电机和第四发电机。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述第三发电机和所述第四发电机关于所述第一发电机和所述第二发电机同心布置。
10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述第三发电机和所述第四发电机的转子(19,20)安装在所述主轴(3)上。
11. 根据权利要求8到10中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述第三发电机和所述第四发电机的转子(19,20)邻近所述主轴(3)的轴承而布置。
CN2011100950439A 2010-04-16 2011-04-15 风力涡轮机 Pending CN102220934A (zh)

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EP10004077A EP2378117A1 (en) 2010-04-16 2010-04-16 Wind turbine
EP10004077.3 2010-04-16

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US20110254279A1 (en) 2011-10-20
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Application publication date: 20111019