CN102216566A - 用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102216566A
CN102216566A CN2009801447503A CN200980144750A CN102216566A CN 102216566 A CN102216566 A CN 102216566A CN 2009801447503 A CN2009801447503 A CN 2009801447503A CN 200980144750 A CN200980144750 A CN 200980144750A CN 102216566 A CN102216566 A CN 102216566A
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埃尔温·拜尔
于尔根·施泰因万德尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于空气动力部件或结构(1)的抗侵蚀层，以及一种用于制造这样的抗侵蚀层的方法。在由良好地粘附在所述空气动力部件或结构(1)上的材料构成的粘合层(3)内嵌入有大量的微小尺寸或毫微尺寸的硬质材料颗粒(4)。所述抗侵蚀层(2)能够通过喷镀或蒸镀涂覆。

Description

用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层，以及一种用于制造这样的抗侵蚀层的方法。
背景技术
空气动力部件和结构，例如发动机的压缩机叶片、风扇叶片或螺旋桨叶片、直升机旋翼、机翼前缘等，依据它们的工作剖面、在它们那里出现的空气动力负载以及使用的特殊材料，尤其是在纤维复合材料的情况下，遭受到由于气流携带的如水、灰尘、较大的颗粒等的颗粒所导致的磨损。流动剖面的这样的侵蚀导致与增加的流动阻力和变差的空气动力性能相关的型面保持性的偏差和破坏。此外，空气动力部件或结构的材料能够由于形成裂纹而退化。在这样的构件上的用于抗侵蚀的涂层能够显著地延缓这种老化。迄今为止，使用具有软硬层交替的顺序的涂层系统来提供空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层，所述抗侵蚀层具有高的性能和耐抗性，并且所述抗侵蚀层以低成本制造。此外，还应提供一种用于制造这样的抗侵蚀层的方法。
本发明通过具有权利要求1的特征的用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层得以实现。此外，该目的通过根据权利要求17以及根据权利要求18的用于制造这样的抗侵蚀层的方法得以实现。本发明的有利的实施形式和改进形式在相应的从属权利要求中说明。
通过本发明提供一种用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层，在所述抗侵蚀层中，在由良好地粘附在空气动力部件或结构上的材料构成的粘合层内嵌入有大量的硬质材料颗粒。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有在微米范围内的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有在纳米范围内的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有小于200μm的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有在8μm和80μm之间的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有在0.8μm和8μm之间的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有在80nm和800nm之间的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有在8nm和80nm之间的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够主要具有小于8nm的直径。
根据本发明的实施形式，硬质材料颗粒主要具有相同的直径。
根据本发明的另一实施形式，硬质材料颗粒具有不同的直径。硬质材料颗粒能够具有上述范围中的一个或多个中的不同的直径，或者也具有在这些范围以外的直径。
硬质材料颗粒能够由含有陶瓷、立方氮化硼(CBM)、硅酸盐、碳化物或(其它)氮化物或者钻石状的碳颗粒的材料中的一种或多种组成。
粘合层能够是金属的、有机的或无机的。
根据本发明的实施形式，粘合层相对于抗侵蚀层的体积百分比小于60％，最好是小于40％。
此外通过本发明，提供一种用于制造用于所述种类的空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层的方法，在所述方法中，通过喷镀硬质材料颗粒和构成粘合层的材料的混合物，将抗侵蚀层涂覆在空气动力部件或结构上。
此外通过本发明，提供一种用于制造用于前述种类的空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层的方法，在所述方法中，通过构成粘合层的材料的蒸镀，将抗侵蚀层形成在空气动力部件或结构上，其中硬质材料颗粒被引入构成粘合层的材料的蒸汽云内，并且连同该材料一起涂覆或凝结在空气动力部件或结构上。
按照根据本发明的方法的有利的实施形式，在一道工序内将抗侵蚀层以希望的层厚涂覆在空气动力部件或结构上。
附图说明
下面借助于附图阐述本发明的实施例。附图示出：
图1示出空气动力部件或结构的一部分的示意的放大图，在所述空气动力部件或结构上，涂覆有根据本发明的一个实施例的抗侵蚀层；
图2示出根据本发明的一个实施例用于制造在空气动力部件或结构上的抗侵蚀层的方法的示意图；以及
图3示出根据本发明的另一实施例用于制造在在空气动力部件或结构上的抗侵蚀层的方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意地且以横截面示出例如发动机的压缩机叶片、风扇叶片或螺旋桨叶片、直升机旋翼、机翼前缘或另一产生空气动力效果的构件的空气动力部件或结构的一部分。
在空气动力部件1上涂敷有抗侵蚀层2，所述抗侵蚀层设计成用于防止由于气流携带的如水、灰尘、较大的颗粒等的颗粒所导致的磨损。该抗侵蚀层2包括由良好地粘附在空气动力部件或结构1上的材料构成的粘合层3，在所述粘合层内嵌入有大量的硬质材料颗粒4。硬质材料颗粒4通常为微小尺寸或毫微尺寸的微粒，所述微粒能够主要具有相同的或相似的直径，或者能够具有不同的直径。根据待保护的空气动力部件1的种类和性质以及负载，硬质材料颗粒通常能够具有几纳米至多个微米的直径。
硬质材料颗粒4能够为如下材料中的一种或多种，即陶瓷、立方氮化硼(CBM)、硅酸盐、碳化物、其它氮化物或者钻石状的碳颗粒。粘合层3能够是金属的、有机的或无机的，例如为适合的金属层、有机漆或无机粘合剂等。因此，硬质材料颗粒4和粘合层3形成系统，在所述系统中，所述微小尺寸或毫微尺寸的硬质材料颗粒4嵌入通过粘合层3提供的“软的”结合件中。粘合层例如低于总的抗侵蚀层2的40％的体积百分比。
由于颗粒4的高的硬质材料比例，抗侵蚀层2表现为如同固体硬层，并且保护部件或结构1的位于抗侵蚀层下面的表面。在较大的固体颗粒撞击时，由于粘合层3的“软的”或弹性的性质，仅小的硬质材料颗粒4被撞击，而不会引起在抗侵蚀层2内的裂纹。
根据在图2中示出的用于制造这样的抗侵蚀层2的方法的实施例，该抗侵蚀层通过喷镀混合物涂覆在空气动力部件或结构1上，所述混合物由硬质材料颗粒4和构成粘合层3的材料组成。粘合层3的材料能够为具有一个或多个组分的液态的可喷镀的材料；其能够含有溶剂和/或其它添加剂。硬质材料颗粒4和构成粘合层3的材料的混合物借助合适的喷镀设备5涂覆，如其在现有技术中已熟知。
在根据图3中所示出的本发明的用于制造在空气动力部件或结构1上的抗侵蚀层2的方法的实施例中，将构成粘合层3的材料蒸镀在部件1上，其中在处理期间，硬质材料颗粒4被引入构成粘合层3的材料的蒸汽云内，并且连同该材料一起凝结在部件1上。首先分开地进行粘合层3的材料和硬质材料颗粒4的供给；在它们混合后，这些材料然后共同凝结在部件1上，使得它们形成均匀的、均一的抗侵蚀层2。蒸镀借助于蒸镀设备6来进行，所述蒸镀设备在图3中仅示意地示出，并且其在现有技术中是已知的。
根据本发明的一个实施例，抗侵蚀层2在一道工序中以希望的层厚d涂覆。层厚d能够在纳米范围内，其也能够在微米范围内，并且能够为一毫米或几毫米的小部分。
需要时还能够附加地在抗侵蚀层2上涂覆覆盖层，例如能够提供特别的光滑这样的覆盖层，或者只是用于美观的目的的这样的覆盖层，例如涂料层。
附图标记列表
1  空气动力部件或结构
2  抗侵蚀层
3  粘合层
4  硬质材料颗粒
5  喷镀设备
6  蒸镀设备

Claims (19)

1.一种用于空气动力部件和结构的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，在由良好地粘附在所述空气动力部件或结构(1)上的材料构成的粘合层(3)内嵌入有大量的硬质材料颗粒(4)。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有在微米范围内的直径。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有在纳米范围内的直径。
4.如权利要求2所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有小于200μm的直径。
5.如权利要求2所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有在8μm和80μm之间的直径。
6.如权利要求2所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有在0.8μm和8μm之间的直径。
7.如权利要求3所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有在80nm和800nm之间的直径。
8.如权利要求3所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有在8nm和80nm之间的直径。
9.如权利要求3所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有小于8nm的直径。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)主要具有相同的直径。
11.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)具有不同的直径。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述硬质材料颗粒(4)由含有陶瓷、立方氮化硼、硅酸盐、碳化物或其它氮化物或者钻石状的碳颗粒的材料中的一种或多种组成。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述粘合层(3)是金属的。
14.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述粘合层(3)是有机的。
15.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述粘合层(3)是无机的。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的抗侵蚀层，其特征在于，所述粘合层(3)相对于所述抗侵蚀层(2)的体积百分比小于60％，最好是小于40％。
17.一种用于制造如权利要求1至16中任一项或多项所述的抗侵蚀层的方法，其特征在于，通过喷镀所述硬质材料颗粒(4)和构成所述粘合层(3)的材料的混合物，将所述抗侵蚀层(2)涂覆在所述空气动力部件或结构(1)上。
18.一种用于制造如权利要求1至16中任一项或多项所述的抗侵蚀层的方法，其特征在于，通过将构成所述粘合层(3)的材料的蒸镀在所述空气动力部件或结构(1)上来形成所述抗侵蚀层(2)，其中所述硬质材料颗粒(4)被引入构成所述粘合层(3)的所述材料的蒸汽云内，并且连同该材料一起涂覆在所述空气动力部件或结构(1)上。
19.如权利要求17或18所述的方法，其特征在于，在一道工序内将所述抗侵蚀层(2)以希望的层厚(d)涂覆在所述空气动力部件或结构(1)上。
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