CN102212755A - Low-alloy cast steel and application thereof in heavy lorry axle housing, raw materials and machining process - Google Patents
Low-alloy cast steel and application thereof in heavy lorry axle housing, raw materials and machining process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-alloy cast steel suitable for a heavy lorry axle housing. The low-alloy cast steel comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.23 to 0.33 percent of C, 0.50 to 1.00 percent of Si, 0.90 to 1.40 percent of Mn, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Mo, 0.20 to 0.25 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of residual elements, and the balance of Fe. Waste steel, pig iron, ferromanganese alloy, silicon ferromanganese alloy, ferrochromium alloy, ferromolybdenum alloy and ferrovanadium alloy are used as raw materials of the low-alloy cast steel; and the machining process of the low-alloy cast steel comprises casting and thermal treatment. The low-alloy cast steel has the advantages of high mechanical property, good low-temperature impact toughness and good casting and machining process properties, and is particularly suitable for producing the lorry axle housing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the low-alloy cast steel material, specifically is a kind of low-alloy cast steel and raw materials used and complete processing thereof that can be applicable to the heavy motor truck axle housing.
Background technology
Axle housing is the critical function spare on the heavy motor truck, and its capability and performance directly has influence on the supporting capacity and the work-ing life of automobile.The material that the cargo vehicle axle housing is commonly used both at home and abroad has the SCW550 in spheroidal graphite cast iron QT500-7, cast steel ZG270-500 and Japanese JIS G5102 (1991) standard at present.Spheroidal graphite cast iron axle housing yield rate is low, surface irregularity, and work-ing life is short; And the ZG270-500 mechanical property is lower; Along with the increasing day by day of carload lot, QT500-7, the ZG270-500 heavy-duty car that incompatibility large-tonnage automobile, particularly working conditions are abominable, overload is more serious ruptures easily.
The SCW550 material has following composition: C≤0.22%, Si≤0.80%, Mn≤1.50%, P≤0.040%, S≤0.040%, Cr≤0.50%, Ni≤2.50%, Mo≤0.30% and V≤0.20%, its mechanical property is tensile strength sigma b 〉=550MPa, yield strength σ s 〉=355MPa, unit elongation δ 〉=18%.But, Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), the V noble elements such as (vanadium) of high level have been added, the material cost height because the interpolation of SCW550 material interalloy element is many.
And the thermal treatment process of SCW550 is modifier treatment, complex procedures, processing requirement height, production cost height.This material is prone to defectives such as crackle, and yield rate is not high, and the casting technique performance is undesirable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-alloy cast steel, this low-alloy cast steel mechanical property height, low-temperature impact toughness is good, casting, process industrial art performance are good, and production cost is low, is specially adapted to produce the heavy motor truck axle housing.
The present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of low-alloy cast steel, the quality percentage composition of each element is respectively in the described low-alloy cast steel, C:0.23-0.33%, Si:0.50-1.00%, Mn:0.90-1.40%, Cr:0.10-0.25%, Mo:0.10-0.25%, V:0.20-0.25%, P≤0.040%, S≤0.040%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
In the described low-alloy cast steel quality percentage composition of following each element can for, C:0.29%, Si:0.61%, Mn:1.01%, Cr:0.21%, Mo:0.22%, V:0.22%, P:0.028%, S:0.016%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
In the described low-alloy cast steel quality percentage composition of following each element can for, C:0.28%, Si:0.68%, Mn:0.98%, Cr:0.19%, Mo:0.20%, V:0.23%, P:0.026%, S:0.011%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
In the described low-alloy cast steel quality percentage composition of following each element can for, C:0.29%, Si:0.67%, Mn:0.96%, Cr:0.20%, Mo:0.21%, V:0.21%, P:0.022%, S:0.013%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
Its relict element is mainly derived from melting starting material, refractory materials, and steel scrap and alloy addition may be not intended to bring into elements such as copper, lead, tin, bismuth.
The application of above-mentioned low-alloy cast steel in the heavy motor truck axle housing.
A kind of above-mentioned low-alloy cast steel is raw materials used, raw material by following parts by weight is formed: steel scrap 95-98 part, pig iron 1-2 part, manganeseirom 0.05-1 part, ferro-silico-manganese 0.05-1 part, ferrochrome 0.1-0.5 part, ferro-molybdenum 0.1-0.5 part, ferro-vanadium 0.05-1 part, wherein, ferruginous quality percentage composition is not less than 98% in the steel scrap, and the pig iron is the Z18 in the GB718-2005 standard, the quality percentage composition of manganese is 60-65% in the manganeseirom, the quality percentage composition of manganese is 60-67% in the ferro-silico-manganese, and the quality percentage composition of silicon is 14-17% in the ferro-silico-manganese, and the quality percentage composition of chromium is 62-72% in the ferrochrome, the quality percentage composition of molybdenum is 55-60% in the ferro-molybdenum, and the quality percentage composition of vanadium is 40-60% in the ferro-vanadium.
A kind of complete processing that is applicable to the low-alloy cast steel of heavy motor truck axle housing, described complete processing comprise casting and heat treatment process, and described castingprocesses may further comprise the steps:
(1) 95-98 weight part steel scrap is added in the alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, after the furnace charge fusing of 80-90%, remove slag, treat furnace charge molten clear after, add pig iron 1-2 weight part, add manganeseirom 0.05-1 weight part then and ferro-silico-manganese 0.05-1 weight part carries out bulk deoxidation, then temperature is raised to the ferrochrome 0.1-0.5 weight part, ferro-molybdenum 0.1-0.5 weight part and the ferro-vanadium 0.05-1 weight part that add after 1550-1590 ℃ through toasting;
(2) temperature is raised to 1630-1660 ℃ after tapping, add aluminum strip and carry out final deoxidation, add skim agent and also remove the gred, after temperature reaches 1550-1600 ℃, alloy solution is poured in the ready-made in advance sand mold;
(3) after 2 hours, the foundry goods in the step (2) is taken out from sand mold, and carry out Shot Blasting, remove the sand on surface;
Described heat treatment process is: the foundry goods in the step (3) is put into heat treatment furnace carry out normalizing treatment, temperature is 890-910 ℃, is incubated 3.5-4.5 hour, stops heating then, and after the stove internal cooling was to 800-830 ℃, coming out of the stove was cooled to normal temperature.
The weight of described adding aluminum strip is the 0.08-0.18% of solution total amount, and the main component of described skim agent is a silicate, and it adds weight is the 0.02-0.04% of solution total amount.
Described heat treatment furnace is the Sweet natural gas heat treatment furnace, and it has the automatic temperature-control function, and described normalizing heat-up rate is 230-260 ℃/h.
The metallographic structure after normalizing treatment of described low-alloy cast steel is ferrite and pearlitic structure, and grain fineness number is the 5-8 level.
Cast steel axle housing material mechanical property requirements is as follows: tensile strength sigma b 〉=550MPa, yield strength σ s 〉=355MPa, unit elongation δ 〉=18%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
A kind of low-alloy cast steel that can be applicable to the heavy motor truck axle housing of the present invention, its raw material is steel scrap, the pig iron, manganeseirom, ferro-silico-manganese, ferrochrome and ferro-molybdenum, the complete processing of this material comprises casting and heat treatment process.Low-alloy cast steel material of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) easy control of components, and alloying element adds less, and melting loss of elements is few, and material cost is low; (2) smelting technology is simple, and weldability is good, and the casting technique performance is good, and product is not prone to casting flaws such as pore, crackle, and production cost is low, thereby more helps industrial applications; (3) hardness after the material thermal treatment is HB170-210, is easy to processing, the working (machining) efficiency height, and tool wear is little; (4) axle housing that adopts this material to produce, mechanical property is superior, high life.The axle housing that adopts this material to produce is pressed QC/T533-1999 " automobile drives the bench testing method " experimental test through national car mass supervision and inspection center (Xiangfan), its vertical curve fatigue lifetime, vertical curve rigidity, the every performance index of vertical curve static strength all are higher than the requirement of industry standard QC/T534-1999 " automobile drive axle bench testing evaluation index ", still no abnormal after reaching 101.8 ten thousand its fatigue lifetime, surpassed 800,000 times industry standard.(5) axle housing can use at low temperatures, has avoided using the problem of spheroidal graphite cast iron axle housing low temperature brittleness fracture.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is that 100 times photo is amplified in metallographic structure before the embodiment of the invention 1 normalizing treatment;
Fig. 2 is that 100 times photo is amplified in metallographic structure before the embodiment of the invention 2 normalizing treatment;
Fig. 3 is that 100 times photo is amplified in metallographic structure before the embodiment of the invention 3 normalizing treatment;
Fig. 4 is that 100 times photo is amplified in the embodiment of the invention 1 metallographic structure after normalizing treatment;
Fig. 5 is that 100 times photo is amplified in the embodiment of the invention 2 metallographic structure after normalizing treatment;
Fig. 6 is that 100 times photo is amplified in the embodiment of the invention 3 metallographic structure after normalizing treatment;
Fig. 7 is the heat treatment cycle curve of low-alloy cast steel of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of low-alloy cast steel complete processing that is applicable to the heavy motor truck axle housing comprises casting and heat treatment process, and its castingprocesses may further comprise the steps:
(1) 95-98 weight part steel scrap is added in the alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, after the furnace charge fusing of 80-90%, remove slag, treat furnace charge molten clear after, add pig iron 1-2 weight part, add reductor manganeseirom 0.05-1 weight part then and ferro-silico-manganese 0.05-1 weight part carries out bulk deoxidation, temperature is raised to ferrochrome 0.1-0.5 weight part, ferro-molybdenum 0.1-0.5 weight part and the ferro-vanadium 0.05-1 weight part that adds after 1550-1590 ℃ through toasting;
(2) temperature is raised to 1630-1660 ℃ after the tapping, add aluminum strip and carry out deoxidation, the weight of aluminum strip is the 0.15-0.18% of solution total amount, the adding skim agent also removes the gred, the weight of skim agent is the 0.02-0.04% of solution total amount, after temperature reaches 1550-1600 ℃ alloy solution is poured in the ready-made in advance sand mold;
(3) after 2 hours, the foundry goods in the step (2) is taken out from sand mold, and carry out Shot Blasting, remove the sand on surface;
Heat treatment process is: the foundry goods in the step (3) is put into the Sweet natural gas heat treatment furnace with automatic temperature-control function carry out normalizing treatment, the intensification temperature is 230-260 ℃/h, temperature is incubated 3.5-4.5 hour after reaching 890-910 ℃, stop heating then, after the stove internal cooling was to 800-830 ℃, coming out of the stove was cooled to normal temperature.The heat treatment cycle curve of low-alloy cast steel of the present invention is seen Fig. 7.
Wherein, by weight raw materials used, for: steel scrap 95-98 part, pig iron 1-2 part, manganeseirom 0.05-1 part, ferro-silico-manganese 0.05-1 part, ferrochrome 0.1-0.5 part, ferro-molybdenum 0.1-0.5 part, ferro-vanadium 0.05-1 part, wherein, iron content is not less than 98% by the quality percentage composition in the steel scrap, the pig iron is the Z18 trade mark in the GB718-2005 standard, and manganese quality percentage composition is 60-65% in the manganeseirom, and manganese quality percentage composition is 60-67% in the ferro-silico-manganese, siliceous amount percentage composition is 14-17% in the ferro-silico-manganese, chromium quality percentage composition is 62-72% in the ferrochrome, and molybdenum quality percentage composition is 55-60% in the ferro-molybdenum, and the quality percentage composition of vanadium is 40-60% in the ferro-vanadium.
The quality percentage composition of following each element is respectively in the gained low-alloy cast steel, C:0.29%, and Si:0.61%, Mn:1.01%, P:0.028%, S:0.016%, Cr:0.21%, V and Mo:0.22%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
After testing, its tensile strength of mechanical property σ
bBe 640MPa, yield strength σ
sBe 368MPa, unit elongation δ is 23%, and v-notch shock test (20 ℃) impact absorbing energy Akv is 22.86J.And cast steel axle housing material mechanical property requirements is as follows: tensile strength sigma b 〉=550MPa, yield strength σ s 〉=355MPa, unit elongation δ 〉=18%.The mechanical property of materials that this shows present embodiment is considerably beyond the requirement of cast steel axle housing.
The metallographic structure before normalizing treatment of this low-alloy cast steel is amplified 100 times photo and is seen Figure of description Fig. 1, metallographic structure is ferrite and pearlitic structure after normalizing treatment, see Figure of description Fig. 4, wherein black is perlite, and white is ferrite (down together), this shows, be organized into bulk before the thermal treatment, after Overheating Treatment, metallographic structure attenuates, evenly, 8 grades of grain fineness numbers.
Utilize the quality percentage composition of following each element in the technology gained low-alloy cast steel among the embodiment 1 to be respectively, C:0.28%, Si:0.68%, Mn:0.98%, Cr:0.19%, V:0.23%, Mo:0.20%, P:0.026%, S:0.011%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.After testing, its tensile strength of mechanical property σ
bBe 650MPa, yield strength σ
sBe 390MPa, unit elongation δ is 19.2%, and v-notch shock test (20 ℃) impact absorbing energy Akv is 29.37J.The mechanical property of materials that this shows present embodiment is considerably beyond the requirement of cast steel axle housing.
The metallographic structure before normalizing treatment of this low-alloy cast steel is amplified 100 times photo and is seen Figure of description Fig. 2, metallographic structure is ferrite and pearlitic structure after normalizing treatment, see Figure of description Fig. 5, wherein black is perlite, white is ferrite (down together), this shows that after Overheating Treatment metallographic structure attenuates, evenly.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Utilize the quality percentage composition of following each element in the technology gained low-alloy cast steel among the embodiment 1 to be respectively, C:0.29%, Si:0.67%, Mn:0.96%, Cr:0.20%, V:0.21%, Mo:0.21%, P:0.022%, S:0.013%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
Its tensile strength of mechanical property σ
bBe 660MPa, yield strength σ
sBe 400MPa, unit elongation δ is 18.5%, and v-notch shock test (20 ℃) impact absorbing energy Akv is 25.18J, and the mechanical property of materials that this shows present embodiment is considerably beyond the requirement of cast steel axle housing.
The metallographic structure before normalizing treatment of this low-alloy cast steel is amplified 100 times photo and is seen Figure of description Fig. 3, metallographic structure is ferrite and pearlitic structure after normalizing treatment, see Figure of description Fig. 6, wherein black is perlite, white is ferrite (down together), this shows that after Overheating Treatment metallographic structure attenuates, evenly.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. low-alloy cast steel, it is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of each element is respectively in the described low-alloy cast steel, C:0.23-0.33%, Si:0.50-1.00%, Mn:0.90-1.40%, Cr:0.10-0.25%, Mo:0.10-0.25%, V:0.20-0.25%, P≤0.04%, S≤0.04%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
2. low-alloy cast steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of following each element is respectively C:0.29%, Si:0.61% in the described low-alloy cast steel, Mn:1.01%, Cr:0.21%, Mo:0.22%, V:0.22%, P:0.028%, S:0.016%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
3. low-alloy cast steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of following each element is respectively C:0.28%, Si:0.68% in the described low-alloy cast steel, Mn:0.98%, Cr:0.19%, Mo:0.20%, V:0.23%, P:0.026%, S:0.011%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
4. low-alloy cast steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of following each element is respectively C:0.29%, Si:0.67% in the described low-alloy cast steel, Mn:0.96%, Cr:0.20%, Mo:0.21%, V:0.21%, P:0.022%, S:0.013%, residual element content≤0.20%, all the other are Fe.
5. the application of described low-alloy cast steel in the heavy motor truck axle housing one of in the claim 1 to 4.
6. the described low-alloy cast steel of claim 1 is raw materials used, raw material by following parts by weight is formed: steel scrap 95-98 part, pig iron 1-2 part, manganeseirom 0.05-1 part, ferro-silico-manganese 0.05-1 part, ferrochrome 0.1-0.5 part, ferro-molybdenum 0.1-0.5 part, ferro-vanadium 0.05-1 part, wherein, ferruginous quality percentage composition is not less than 98% in the steel scrap, and the pig iron is the Z18 in the GB718-2005 standard, the quality percentage composition of manganese is 60-65% in the manganeseirom, the quality percentage composition of manganese is 60-67% in the ferro-silico-manganese, and the quality percentage composition of silicon is 14-17% in the ferro-silico-manganese, and the quality percentage composition of chromium is 62-72% in the ferrochrome, the quality percentage composition of molybdenum is 55-60% in the ferro-molybdenum, and the quality percentage composition of vanadium is 40-60% in the ferro-vanadium.
7. complete processing of low-alloy cast steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described complete processing comprises casting and heat treatment process, and described castingprocesses may further comprise the steps:
(1) 95-98 weight part steel scrap is added in the alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace, after the furnace charge fusing of 80-90%, remove slag, treat furnace charge molten clear after, add pig iron 1-2 weight part, add manganeseirom 0.05-1 weight part then and ferro-silico-manganese 0.05-1 weight part carries out bulk deoxidation, then temperature is raised to the ferrochrome 0.1-0.5 weight part, ferro-molybdenum 0.1-0.5 weight part and the ferro-vanadium 0.05-1 weight part that add after 1550-1590 ℃ through toasting;
(2) temperature is raised to 1630-1660 ℃ after tapping, add aluminum strip and carry out final deoxidation, add skim agent and also remove the gred, after temperature reaches 1550-1600 ℃, alloy solution is poured in the ready-made in advance sand mold;
(3) after 2 hours, the foundry goods in the step (2) is taken out from sand mold, and carry out Shot Blasting, remove the sand on surface;
Described heat treatment process is: the foundry goods in the step (3) is put into heat treatment furnace carry out normalizing treatment, temperature is 890-910 ℃, is incubated 3.5-4.5 hour, stops heating then, and after the stove internal cooling was to 800-830 ℃, coming out of the stove was cooled to normal temperature.
8. as the complete processing of low-alloy cast steel as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that: the weight of described aluminum strip is the 0.08-0.18% of solution total amount, and the weight of described skim agent is the 0.02-0.04% of solution total amount.
9. as the complete processing of low-alloy cast steel as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that: described heat treatment furnace is the Sweet natural gas heat treatment furnace with automatic temperature-control function, and described normalizing heat-up rate is 230-260 ℃/h.
10. as the complete processing of low-alloy cast steel as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that: the metallographic structure after normalizing treatment of described material is ferrite and pearlitic structure, and grain fineness number is the 5-8 level.
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| CN105463313A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | Low-alloy cast steel used for automobile axle housing and long in service life |
| CN105463157A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | Cast steel axle housing for high-toughness and low-carbon vehicle |
| CN105483324A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-13 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | Casting state high-strength high-elongation steel casting material for car axle housing |
| CN105483525A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-13 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | Wear-resistant good-plasticity steel casting material for producing car axle housing |
| CN105506459A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | Cast steel automobile axle housing material with high mechanical performance |
| CN105506458A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | Titanium carbide reinforced cast steel capable of being used for producing axle housing of axle |
| CN105568130A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | High-comprehensive-performance steel material for automobile axle housing |
| CN105568119A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽悦众车身装备有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant excellent-performance cast steel material for automobile part |
| CN105908081A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-08-31 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Low-alloy cast steel, smelting method and heat treatment method thereof and locomotive part |
| WO2018001346A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Low alloy cast steel, and smelting method and heat treatment thereof, and railway locomotive part of same |
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| CN102212755B (en) | 2013-08-14 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160608 Address after: All 276034 offices in Shandong Province Hedong District of Linyi City, the northeast corner of Liu Jia Tuan community Patentee after: Shandong Xinda Heavy Machinery Co. Address before: 276025 Shandong Province Hedong District of Linyi City Messire Liu Tuan Street Patentee before: Shandong Mengling Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd. |