CN102211249A - Method for connecting titanium-aluminum alloy turbine with 42CrMo steel shaft - Google Patents
Method for connecting titanium-aluminum alloy turbine with 42CrMo steel shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN102211249A CN102211249A CN2011101385864A CN201110138586A CN102211249A CN 102211249 A CN102211249 A CN 102211249A CN 2011101385864 A CN2011101385864 A CN 2011101385864A CN 201110138586 A CN201110138586 A CN 201110138586A CN 102211249 A CN102211249 A CN 102211249A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for connecting a titanium-aluminum alloy turbine with a 42CrMo steel shaft. The turbine members consist of a titanium-aluminum alloy turbine, an intermediate transitional shaft and a 42CrMo steel shaft, wherein the titanium-aluminum alloy turbine and the intermediate transitional shaft, the intermediate transitional shaft and the 42CrMo steel shaft are respectively combined in a friction welding mode. A friction welding contact part is designed into a mode that a lug boss and a concave groove are combined with each other, the axial cross sections of the lug boss and the concave groove are isosceles trapezoids, an included angle between a base and a hypotenuse of each trapezoid is 30-60 DEG, the length ratio of a top edge to the base of the trapezoid is 0.3-0.7, and the ratio of the flat area formed by the top edge of the trapezoid to the cross sectional area of the shaft is 0.01-0.1. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the bonding strength of the whole structure is effectively improved through increasing the effective contact area of the welding surface; after welded, all materials are ruptured in a titanium-aluminum parent material region; the turbocharging efficiency can be greatly increased; the engine transient responsiveness is enhanced; and the pollutant discharge is reduced; in addition, the method has a simple process and can be used for realizing mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of, the method for attachment of particularly a kind of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine and 42CrMo steel axle.
Background technology
The popular in the world turbine material that is used for automobile engine, tank engine and marine engine etc. is K418 at present, be generally friction welding with the method for attachment of steel axle, but the shortcoming of this structure is that the turbine total quality is big, causes the transient response of engine poor.
Titanium-aluminium alloy is except that the advantage with compound between common metal, also have that density is low, good in oxidation resistance, thermal conductivity is low, specific strength is high, than characteristics such as elastic modelling quantity height, be particularly suitable for the turbine end of the turbocharger of automobile engine, tank engine and marine engine etc.But how titanium-aluminium alloy is connected with the steel axle is a suitable complicated problems, and the method for attachment of having reported at present comprises soldering and friction welding (FW), and the soldering weld strength is low than friction welding (FW), and technology is complicated, and production efficiency is lower.
In loyal 2000 of Zhao Quan Northwestern Polytechnical University's Master's thesis " TiAl intermetallic compound and the research of structural steel Friction welding technique ", the author has tested the direct friction welding of titanium aluminium and 42CrMo steel axle, the result shows, two kinds of material direct friction welding can obtain the joint of certain intensity, but its intensity is extremely low, the 1m height fall falls to hit promptly and breaks, and does not satisfy requirement of strength at all.
In the Chinese patent of CN 101844271 A, the inventor discloses the friction welding method of a kind of titanium aluminium turbine and 42CrMo quenched and tempered steel shaft, technical scheme is the embedded groove in titanium-aluminum alloy turbine one side processing revolution shape, the embedded groove solder side of the welding end surface of turbine wheel shaft and titanium-aluminum alloy turbine friction in the welding process, by control friction shortening amount, the overlap that makes the turbine wheel shaft side form is filled full embedded groove.Thereby reach the metallurgical binding of solder side and the double effects of mechanical connection, connector joint room temperature hot strength is brought up to 480 ~ 537MPa by the 390MPa of background technology.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the method for attachment of a kind of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine and 42CrMo steel axle, after this friction welding and processing method, weld seam is in conjunction with firm, and welding procedure is stable, and the parts of processing according to the method can work long hours under 800 ℃ hot environment.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The method of attachment of a kind of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of the present invention and 42CrMo steel axle, be characterised in that: whole turbine part structure is made up of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine, middle transition axle and 42CrMo steel axle, titanium-aluminum alloy turbine combines in the friction welding mode respectively with 42CrMo steel axle with middle transition axle, middle transition axle, and operations such as annealed then processing, machined obtain the turbine part product; Wherein, the contact site of the friction welding form that boss and groove combine that is designed to combine, boss and groove are worked in coordination, and boss and groove are that axial cross section is an isosceles trapezoid.Under such situation, the cross section is that isosceles trapezoid boss and groove constitute a frustum cone structure, can carry out 360 degree rotation also conveniently carrying out friction weldings.
In the trapezoid cross section of described boss and groove, the angle of trapezoidal base and hypotenuse is 30 ° ~ 60 °; The length ratio on top margin and base is 0.3 ~ 0.7.Further, the area of plane of trapezoidal top margin formation with the cross-sectional area ratio of axle is: 0.01 ~ 0.1.Described axle comprises middle transition axle and 42CrMo steel axle.
Further concrete technical scheme is: titanium-aluminum alloy turbine material atomic percent is: Al:45 ~ 49%; Nb:1 ~ 5%; Cr:0.5 ~ 2.0%; Ni:0 ~ 0.6%; Si:0 ~ 0.8%; Ti: surplus; All the other are inevitable impurity.
Further concrete technical scheme can also be: the material of middle transition axle is any of nickel base superalloy, iron-base superalloy or cast superalloy.
Further concrete technical scheme can also be: titanium aluminum and high temperature alloy friction-welding technique: rotating speed 700 ~ 900r/min, friction pressure 350 ~ 450MPa, fraction time 5 ~ 10 seconds, upsetting force 500 ~ 680MPa, 4 ~ 8 seconds dwell times; The friction-welding technique of high temperature alloy and steel axle: friction pressure 410 ~ 430MPa, upsetting force 550 ~ 580MPa, fraction time is 4 ~ 6 seconds, 5 ~ 7 seconds of postwelding pressurize.
Wherein the α angle is the base of trapezoid cross section of the contact site boss of friction welding or groove and the angle of hypotenuse, the α angle is 30 ° ~ 70 °, and the diameter of axle 15 ~ 35mm is of a size of the poor of radius at the bottom of a radius and the boss, size b is the boss height, a=3 ~ 7mm, b=2 ~ 5mm is in this angular range, bonded area increases, preferred parameter is α=60 °, a=5mm, b=10mm.The diameter of supposing axle is 20mm, the 314mm when then the CONTACT WITH FRICTION area of diaxon is by the direct butt welding of original diaxon
2Be increased to and be about 373mm
2More than, amplification has promptly improved 19% with respect to planar end method of attachment weld seam bond strength more than 19%, therefore improves back weld seam firm and reliable connection, and is convenient to machined, realizes producing in batches.
Further concrete technical scheme can also be: the technology that the after annealing processing is finished in welding is: 550 ~ 800 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 1.5 ~ 3h cools to room temperature then with the furnace.
The method of attachment of described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine and 42CrMo steel axle, concrete processing step is:
(1) titanium aluminium turbine, middle transition axle, 42CrMo steel axle are pressed the drawing machined; The boss and the groove that comprise the contact site that processes friction welding;
(2) middle transition axle and the friction welding of 42CrMo steel axle;
(3) unnecessary overlap is removed in Vehicle Processing;
(4) titanium aluminium turbine and the friction welding of middle transition axle;
(5) stress relief annealing;
(6) finished product machine processing.
Carry out extension test after the part annealing of this technology welding, solder side is in conjunction with firm, and fracture position is all in titanium-aluminium alloy mother metal zone.
These technical schemes also can make up mutually or combination, thereby reach better technique effect.
This patent is by using said method, can be so that the intensity of the binding site of material greater than the intensity of material body, wait when operating stretching like this, and the fracture location of material promptly occurs in material body, has reached the purpose of technical scheme fully.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The method of attachment of a kind of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of the present invention and 42CrMo steel axle by having increased effective contact area of solder side, improved the bond strength of total conscientiously, and technology is simple, can produce in batches.After the method welding, can guarantee that coupon ruptures not occur in the weld metal zone in drawing process, all break in titanium aluminum mother plate zone.The product that this method processing obtains can improve turbocharging efficient greatly, strengthens the engine transient response, reduces pollutant emission, has good prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that turbine is a boss structure, the contact site schematic diagram of friction welding when 42CrMo steel axle is groove structure.
Fig. 2 is the turbine groove structure, the contact site schematic diagram of friction welding when 42CrMo steel axle is boss structure.
Among the figure, 1 is titanium aluminium turbine, and 2 is high temperature alloy middle transition axle, and 3 is 42CrMo steel axle, and α is the base of trapezoid cross section of contact site boss or groove and the angle of hypotenuse.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Titanium-aluminium alloy adopts the Ti-46Al-4Nb-0.6Cr-0.2Ni-0.2Si(atomic fraction), the steel axle is a 42CrMo steel axle, middle transition axial wood matter is the Inconel713 high temperature alloy.At first according to shown in the drawing 1, titanium-aluminium alloy, Inconel713 alloy, 42CrMo steel axle three's faying face processing is put in place, the α angle is 30 °, diameter of axle 20mm, groove size is (4+11) * 2mm, promptly boss upper and lower end face diameter is respectively 4mm, 11mm, high 2mm, add man-hour, the lathe spindle rotating speed is selected 200 rev/mins, and cutting depth is selected 0.2mm.
Inconel713 axle and 42CrMo steel axle friction welding (FW): Inconel713 axle and 42CrMo steel axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: friction pressure 420MPa, upsetting force 580MPa, fraction time is 5 seconds, 5 seconds of postwelding pressurize, treat work-piece cools after Vehicle Processing remove unnecessary overlap.
Titanium-aluminium alloy and the friction welding of Inconel713 axle: titanium-aluminium alloy and Inconel713 axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: 720 rev/mins of rotating speeds, friction pressure 420MPa, upsetting force 510MPa, fraction time is 6 seconds, 5 seconds of postwelding pressurize.
The parts that welding is good are put into vacuum drying oven and are carried out annealing in process, 550 ℃ of temperature, and temperature retention time 3h cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Structural member after the annealing is processed into tensile test bar carries out extension test, tensile strength 380MPa, fracture location are titanium aluminium material mother metal place.
Titanium-aluminium alloy adopts the Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.4Si(atomic fraction), the steel axle is a 42CrMo steel axle, middle transition axial wood matter is the GH1016 high temperature alloy.At first according to shown in the drawing 1, titanium-aluminium alloy, GH1016 alloy, 42CrMo steel axle three's faying face processing is put in place, the α angle is 60 °, diameter of axle 20mm, groove size is (6+10) * 3.5mm, promptly boss upper and lower end face diameter is respectively 6mm, 10mm, high 3.5mm, add man-hour, the lathe spindle rotating speed is selected 205 rev/mins, and cutting depth is selected 0.3mm.
GH1016 axle and 42CrMo steel axle friction welding (FW): GH1016 axle and 42CrMo steel axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: friction pressure 450MPa, upsetting force 600MPa, fraction time is 5 seconds, 6 seconds of postwelding pressurize, treat work-piece cools after Vehicle Processing remove unnecessary overlap.
Titanium-aluminium alloy and the friction welding of GH1016 axle: titanium-aluminium alloy and GH1016 axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: 800 rev/mins of rotating speeds, friction pressure 380MPa, upsetting force 550MPa, fraction time is 6 seconds, 5 seconds of postwelding pressurize.
The parts that welding is good are put into vacuum drying oven and are carried out annealing in process, 700 ℃ of temperature, and temperature retention time 2h cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Structural member after the annealing is processed into tensile test bar carries out extension test, tensile strength 365MPa, fracture location are titanium aluminium material mother metal place.
Titanium-aluminium alloy adopts the Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.4Si(atomic fraction), the steel axle is a 42CrMo steel axle, middle transition axial wood matter is the K403 cast superalloy.At first according to shown in the drawing 1, titanium-aluminium alloy, K403 alloy, 42CrMo steel axle three's faying face processing is put in place, the α angle is 60 °, diameter of axle 20mm, groove size is (6+10) * 3.5mm, promptly boss upper and lower end face diameter is respectively 6mm, 10mm, high 3.5mm, add man-hour, the lathe spindle rotating speed is selected 200 rev/mins, and cutting depth is selected 0.1mm.
K403 axle and 42CrMo steel axle friction welding (FW): K403 axle and 42CrMo steel axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: friction pressure 450MPa, upsetting force 600MPa, fraction time is 5 seconds, 6 seconds of postwelding pressurize, treat work-piece cools after Vehicle Processing remove unnecessary overlap.
Titanium-aluminium alloy and the friction welding of K403 axle: titanium-aluminium alloy and K403 axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: 890 rev/mins of rotating speeds, friction pressure 445MPa, upsetting force 680MPa, fraction time is 10 seconds, 8 seconds of postwelding pressurize.
The parts that welding is good are put into vacuum drying oven and are carried out annealing in process, 780 ℃ of temperature, and temperature retention time 1.5h cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Structural member after the annealing is processed into tensile test bar carries out extension test, tensile strength 403MPa, fracture location are titanium aluminium material mother metal place.
Embodiment 4
Titanium-aluminium alloy adopts the Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr(atomic fraction), the steel axle is a 42CrMo steel axle, middle transition axial wood matter is the Incoloy907 wrought superalloy.At first according to shown in the drawing 1, titanium-aluminium alloy, Incoloy907 alloy, 42CrMo steel axle three's faying face processing is put in place, the α angle is 45 °, diameter of axle 20mm, groove size is (6+14) * 4mm, adds man-hour, the lathe spindle rotating speed is selected 210 rev/mins, and cutting depth is selected 0.1mm.
Incoloy907 axle and 42CrMo steel axle friction welding (FW): Incoloy907 axle and 42CrMo steel axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: friction pressure 450MPa, upsetting force 600MPa, fraction time is 5 seconds, 6 seconds of postwelding pressurize, treat work-piece cools after Vehicle Processing remove unnecessary overlap.
Titanium-aluminium alloy and the friction welding of Incoloy907 axle: titanium-aluminium alloy and Incoloy907 axle are distinguished spindle end and the anchor clamps end of clamping at C25 type Continuous Drive Friction Welding machine, welding condition is: 700 rev/mins of rotating speeds, friction pressure 345MPa, upsetting force 580MPa, fraction time is 8 seconds, 8 seconds of postwelding pressurize.
The parts that welding is good are put into vacuum drying oven and are carried out annealing in process, 800 ℃ of temperature, and temperature retention time 1.5h cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Structural member after the annealing is processed into tensile test bar carries out extension test, tensile strength 410MPa, fracture location are titanium aluminium material mother metal place.
Claims (6)
1. the method for attachment of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine and 42CrMo steel axle, it is characterized in that in: whole turbine part structure is made up of titanium-aluminum alloy turbine, middle transition axle and 42CrMo steel axle, titanium-aluminum alloy turbine combines in the friction welding mode respectively with 42CrMo steel axle with middle transition axle, middle transition axle, and annealed then processing, machining processes obtain the turbine part product; Wherein, the contact site of the friction welding form that boss and groove combine that is designed to combine, boss and groove are worked in coordination, and boss and groove are that axial cross section is an isosceles trapezoid; The angle of trapezoidal base and hypotenuse is 30 ° ~ 60 °; The length ratio on top margin and base is 0.3 ~ 0.7, and the area of plane that trapezoidal top margin constitutes with the cross-sectional area ratio of axle is: 0.01 ~ 0.1.
2. according to the method for attachment of described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of claim 1 and 42CrMo steel axle, it is characterized in that: described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine material atomic percent is: Al:45 ~ 49%; Nb:1 ~ 5%; Cr:0.5 ~ 2.0%; Ni:0 ~ 0.6%; Si:0 ~ 0.8%; Ti: surplus; All the other are inevitable impurity.
3. according to the method for attachment of described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of claim 1 and 42CrMo steel axle, it is characterized in that: the material of described middle transition axle is any of nickel base superalloy, iron-base superalloy or cast superalloy.
4. according to the method for attachment of described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of claim 1 and 42CrMo steel axle, it is characterized in that: described titanium aluminum and high temperature alloy friction-welding technique: rotating speed 700 ~ 900r/min, friction pressure 350 ~ 450MPa, fraction time 5 ~ 10 seconds, upsetting force 500 ~ 680MPa, 4 ~ 8 seconds dwell times; The friction-welding technique of high temperature alloy and steel axle: friction pressure 410 ~ 430MPa, upsetting force 550 ~ 580MPa, fraction time is 4 ~ 6 seconds, 5 ~ 7 seconds of postwelding pressurize.
5. according to the method for attachment of described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of claim 1 and 42CrMo steel axle, it is characterized in that: the technology that the after annealing processing is finished in welding is: 550 ~ 800 ℃ of annealing temperatures, temperature retention time 1.5 ~ 3h cools to room temperature then with the furnace.
6. according to the method for attachment of each described titanium-aluminum alloy turbine of claim 1-5 and 42CrMo steel axle, it is characterized in that: the concrete processing step of method of attachment is:
(1) titanium aluminium turbine, middle transition axle, 42CrMo steel axle are pressed the drawing machined; The boss and the groove that comprise the contact site that processes friction welding;
(2) middle transition axle and the friction welding of 42CrMo steel axle;
(3) unnecessary overlap is removed in Vehicle Processing;
(4) titanium aluminium turbine and the friction welding of middle transition axle;
(5) stress relief annealing;
(6) finished product machine processing.
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