CN102208216B - Hydrogen-explosion-preventing serious nuclear accident relieving device and method - Google Patents
Hydrogen-explosion-preventing serious nuclear accident relieving device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102208216B CN102208216B CN2011101290667A CN201110129066A CN102208216B CN 102208216 B CN102208216 B CN 102208216B CN 2011101290667 A CN2011101290667 A CN 2011101290667A CN 201110129066 A CN201110129066 A CN 201110129066A CN 102208216 B CN102208216 B CN 102208216B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen-explosion-preventing serious nuclear accident relieving device and a hydrogen-explosion-preventing serious nuclear accident relieving method, and belongs to the fields of safety equipment and technology of a nuclear power station. A hydrogen adsorption device is installed on the inner wall and in an upper space of a safety shell; by using the physical adsorption property of a carbon nanofiber material, the hydrogen adsorption device is used for adsorbing and storing hydrogen without the help of external power; when a large amount of hydrogen is generated in the safety shell, the hydrogen adsorption device reduces the concentration of the hydrogen in the safety shell by adsorbing the hydrogen continuously and igniting the hydrogen, so that the explosion of the hydrogen is avoided; and the pressure in the safety shell is reduced, so that the aim of relieving a serious accident of a reactor is fulfilled. In the running process of the hydrogen-explosion-preventing serious nuclear accident relieving device, the external power is not required; the device can work stably for a long time, is reliable in performance, good in spare safety, convenient to implement and easy to control and meets the design requirements of a current novel nuclear power reactor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear plant safety equipment and technical field, particularly a kind of alleviation nuclear power major accident device and remission method that prevents that hydrogen is quick-fried.
Background technology
Containment is last one barrier of nuclear reactor, has the security of reserve, so the control of the inner inflammable gas of containment is the important content of Severe accident management.China's mountain range Australia the second stage of the project and Qinshan second phase extension project is increasing the containment important measures that hydrogen system controls as inflammable gas in containment that disappear, U.S.'s Three Mile Island accident has verified that containment and safety practice thereof are to protecting the extreme importance of nuclear power station, the a barrage of hydrogen that Fukushima, Japan nuclear power station in 2011 occurs is quick-fried, has more illustrated to prevent the quick-fried importance of hydrogen combustion hydrogen.In order to guarantee that containment can exercise security function under nuclear plant severe accident, avoid it to lose efficacy, the design of generally taking to guard, even thicken containment thickness and realize.Also taked double containment to realize this goal in the third generation Novel pressure water-water reactor of France.The AP1000 of US Westinghouse company has increased non-active safe cooling infrastructure outside it.In the research and design of advanced reactor, people more and more pay close attention to prevention and the mitigation strategy of major accident, and adopting the high safety practice of reliability is an important sign.So, solve the accident mitigation problem under the major accident operating mode, a kind of can the generation under the operating mode of major accident must be arranged, can fast direct ground connection realize the control to the key elements such as energy transmission, radioactivity release in nuclear power, with the facility of the safety that guarantees nuclear power station and even surrounding environment.
The Defensive Target that the HAF102 that promulgated in 2004 has stipulated five levels to Security Target and the defence-in-depth concept of following nuclear power plant, wherein the purpose of the 4th multilevel defense is for the major accident that may surpass design basis, and guarantees alap radioactivity release.The most important purpose of this level is that function is contained in protection.Therefore the necessary measure of considering to keep under major accident containment integrity, the particularly necessary incendiary effect of considering the various inflammable gass that expectation occurs.
To control and the design of concentration of hydrogen in containment vessel, mainly carry out around the following aspects on our times:
1) the reactor cavity flood system is set, foreign study shows, if the heap that responds is piled the chamber flood system, the hydrogen concentration before the accident generation is rear in the 40h inner containment is all the time less than 4%.
2) the containment hydrogen system that disappears is set, namely be chosen at serious, the harshest several Analyses of Typical Accidents (selecting accident sequence in conjunction with PSA, accident envelope and engineering judgement) of hydrogen generation in core melt down accident by analysis, hydrogen output and hydrogen concentration distribution in the computationally secure shell, non-active hydrogen recombiner or the lighter of some are set again, are arranged in the interior free space of containment and hydrogen local concentration and may surpass the hydrogen that disappears in the plant compartment of limit value.
3) select jumbo containment volume.
4) at the pressure vessel top, the voltage stabilizer upper cover draws the mixed gas bleeder line, in time is discharged into free space in containment through the release case.
5) the interior vapour concentration of containment being set increases system, to suppress detonation or the blast of hydrogen.
Prevent that the quick-fried method of hydrogen from mainly having adopted hydrogen recombiner (PAR) and lighter dual mode or dual mode to combine in nuclear power station at present.Adopted 44 PAR as gulf, field nuclear power station, 47 PAR are adopted in the EPR design, and the Qinshan second phase is adopted 44 lighters, and 2 PAR, 64 lighters are adopted in the AP-1000 design.PAR adopts non-active operational mode, the theory that meets following advanced nuclear power generating sets predigested running, but under the major accident of supposition 100% fuel claddings and water reaction, due to zirconium-water reaction energy quick start hydrogen production, make system's some regional area (as the steam generator compartment) in containment that adopts PAR, can not prevent that local density of hydrogen from surpassing the detonation lower bound, and the PAR price is very expensive.Need power supply for the hydrogen lighter, and have the shortcoming that electrical wiring is complicated and might increase containment penetration quantity, simultaneously not in full conformity with the non-active characteristics of generation Ⅲ nuclear power.
Although now also there has been new progress in this scheme of PAR+ hydrogen lighter, no matter be any scheme, the cost of introduction is all very expensive, and its system realizes complexity.Therefore, in nuclear power growing today, design and develop out " preventing alleviation nuclear power major accident device and remission method that hydrogen is quick-fried " advanced, that have Chinese independent intellectual property right, just have great realistic price.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of alleviation nuclear power major accident device and remission method that prevents that hydrogen is quick-fried.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Described alleviation nuclear power major accident device is comprised of hydrogen adsorption device 1, hydrogen storage case 2, differential non-return valve 3, final hydrogen storage case 4, hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5 and conduit 9; Hydrogen adsorption device 1 is arranged on internal face and the upper space of containment, its top is interim hydrogen storage case 11, the bottom is carbon nano-fiber material 10, hydrogen storage case 2 is arranged on containment top wall, hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5 is connecting interim hydrogen storage case and hydrogen storage case 2, and differential non-return valve 3 is connecting hydrogen storage case 2 and final hydrogen storage case 4 by conduit 9.
Be provided with lighter 7, safety valve 6 and density of hydrogen measuring instrument 8 in described final hydrogen storage case 4.
The volume of described final hydrogen storage case 4 is 100m
3
Described density of hydrogen measuring instrument 8 is used for measuring the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case 4.
Described safety valve 6 is lever safety valve.
When containment inside has hydrogen to produce, the containment internal pressure improves, carbon nano-fiber material 10 in hydrogen adsorption device 1 will adsorb hydrogen and release hydrogen at this moment, the hydrogen that discharges enters interim hydrogen storage case 11, and the hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5 by top enters hydrogen storage case 2 afterwards; When the pressure differential between hydrogen storage case 2 and final hydrogen storage case 4 surpasses the opening pressure of differential non-return valve 3, the valve open of differential non-return valve 3, hydrogen exports in final hydrogen storage case 4 by conduit 9 and differential non-return valve 3; When the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case 4 was between 4.1%-6%, lighter 7 was lighted hydrogen, thereby has reduced the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case 4.
When the pressure of final hydrogen storage case 4 surpasses the release pressure of safety valve 6, the valve open of safety valve 6.
The release pressure of described safety valve 6 is 1-1.25 times of containment maximum working pressure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises: 1) this device operational process does not need powered attendant-controlled wheelchairs supply, can steady in a long-termly move, and dependable performance can adapt to certain pressure, meets the designing requirement of current nucleus pile type; 2) the carbon nano-fiber material that adopts of this device has unique lattice and mesh arrangement architecture, its hydrogen storage capability is large, absorption and release hydrogen speed fast, insensitive, reusable for a small amount of gaseous impurities; 3) this device is designed to built-inly, but combines with the utility appliance of outside simultaneously, thereby has effectively saved the containment inner space, also is convenient to the control to total system.4) the reserve security of this device is good, and it is convenient to implement, and controls simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the alleviation nuclear power major accident device schematic diagram that prevents that hydrogen is quick-fried.
Fig. 1 b is the partial enlarged drawing of hydrogen adsorption device delivery line.
Reference numeral: the interim hydrogen storage case of the final hydrogen storage case of the 1-hydrogen adsorption device 2-hydrogen storage differential non-return valve 4-of case 3-5-hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 6-safety valve 7-lighter 8-density of hydrogen measuring instrument 9-conduit 10-carbon nano-fiber material 11-
Fig. 2 is hydrogen adsorption apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the interior detail microstructure figure of carbon nano-fiber material.
Embodiment
For to prevent the alleviation nuclear power major accident device schematic diagram that hydrogen is quick-fried, be depicted as the partial enlarged drawing of hydrogen adsorption device delivery line as Fig. 1 b as shown in Figure 1a.Described alleviation nuclear power major accident device is comprised of hydrogen adsorption device 1, hydrogen storage case 2, differential non-return valve 3, final hydrogen storage case 4, hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5 and conduit 9; Hydrogen adsorption device 1 is arranged on internal face and the upper space of containment, hydrogen storage case 2 is arranged on containment top wall, hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5 is connecting hydrogen adsorption device 1 and hydrogen storage case 2, and differential non-return valve 3 is connecting hydrogen storage case 2 and final hydrogen storage case 4 by conduit 9; Be provided with lighter 7, safety valve 6 and density of hydrogen measuring instrument 8 in final hydrogen storage case 4.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as hydrogen adsorption apparatus structure schematic diagram.Hydrogen adsorption device 1 is surrounded by the sealing outer wall and forms, and its top is interim hydrogen storage case 11, and the bottom is carbon nano-fiber material 10, and interim hydrogen storage case is connecting hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as the interior detail microstructure figure of carbon nano-fiber material.The carbon nano-fiber material is a kind of as carbon based material, has unique lattice and many mesh arrangement architecture, because the combination of the hydrogen between these laminates is unstable, can come releasing hydrogen gas by expansion during step-down.At present developed the fibrous charcoal that can adsorb hydrogen, fibre diameter is 100 nanometers approximately, and at normal temperatures, it is very fast that the carbon nano-fiber material is inhaled hydrogen speed, can complete within 3-4 hour; The hydrogen discharging speed of carbon nano-fiber material is also very fast, can complete within 0.5-1 hour.Carbon nano-fiber material hydrogen storage capability is very large, and research finds that its adsorption rate is 8wt%.Based on the mechanism adsorption hydrogen-storing of physisorption, can accomplish to inhale and put the hydrogen condition gentleness.The variation that the carbon nano-fiber material only depends on pressure to absorption and the desorption of hydrogen, during pressure decreased, the releasability of carbon nano-fiber material is strengthened, and then its adsorptive power is strengthened.The carbon nano-fiber material is insensitive for a small amount of gaseous impurities, and reusable, and the theoretical life-span is unlimited.Minimum requirement for carbon back storage hydrogen absorbent is that specific surface area is high, and the interaction between absorption molecule and solid surface atom can be expressed as the Lenard-Jones potential function
The energy of adsorption that uses the carbon nano-fiber material to carry out hydrogen effectively reduces the density of hydrogen of containment inside under accident condition.
When containment inside has hydrogen to produce, the containment internal pressure improves, carbon nano-fiber material 10 in hydrogen adsorption device 1 will adsorb hydrogen and release hydrogen at this moment, the hydrogen that discharges enters interim hydrogen storage case 11, and the hydrogen adsorption device delivery line 5 by top enters hydrogen storage case 2 afterwards; When the pressure differential between hydrogen storage case 2 and final hydrogen storage case 4 surpasses the opening pressure of differential pressure type valve 3, the valve open of differential non-return valve 3, hydrogen exports in final hydrogen storage case 4 by conduit 9 and differential non-return valve 3.
The volume of hydrogen storage case 4 is 100m
3, effectively avoided the generation of blast.
Density of hydrogen measuring instrument 8 is used for measuring the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case 4.
For the hydrogen that is in containment inside, under the condition of bone dry, higher than 4.1% the time, hydrogen is just understood continuous burning when the hydrogen volume concentration in dry containment; Higher than 6% the time, hydrogen just can continuous detonation when the hydrogen volume concentration in dry containment; Hydrogen volume concentration in dry containment reaches 13%, and hydrogen gas explosion just can occur.So when the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case 4 was between 4.1%-6%, lighter 7 was lighted hydrogen, thereby has reduced the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case 4.
When the pressure of final hydrogen storage case 4 surpasses the release pressure of safety valve 6, the valve open of safety valve 6, thereby the pressure of reduction hydrogen storage case 4.
The release pressure of safety valve 6 is 1-1.25 times of containment maximum working pressure.
Claims (8)
1. one kind prevents the quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of hydrogen in containment, it is characterized in that, described alleviation nuclear power major accident device is comprised of hydrogen adsorption device (1), hydrogen storage case (2), differential non-return valve (3), final hydrogen storage case (4), hydrogen adsorption device delivery line (5) and conduit (9); Hydrogen adsorption device (1) is arranged on internal face and the upper space of containment, its top is interim hydrogen storage case (11), the bottom is carbon nano-fiber material (10), hydrogen storage case (2) is arranged on containment top wall, hydrogen adsorption device delivery line (5) is connecting interim hydrogen storage case and hydrogen storage case (2), and differential non-return valve (3) is connecting hydrogen storage case (2) and final hydrogen storage case (4) by conduit (9).
2. a kind of quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of hydrogen in containment that prevents according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with lighter (7), safety valve (6) and density of hydrogen measuring instrument (8) in described final hydrogen storage case (4).
3. a kind of quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of hydrogen in containment that prevents according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume of described final hydrogen storage case (4) is 100m
3
4. a kind of quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of hydrogen in containment that prevents according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described density of hydrogen measuring instrument (8) is used for measuring the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case (4).
5. a kind of quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of hydrogen in containment that prevents according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described safety valve (6) is lever safety valve.
6. one kind is utilized a kind of remission method that prevents the alleviation nuclear power major accident device that the interior hydrogen of containment is quick-fried as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this remission method comprises the following steps:
When containment inside has hydrogen to produce, the containment internal pressure improves, carbon nano-fiber material (10) in hydrogen adsorption device this moment (1) will adsorb hydrogen and release hydrogen, the hydrogen that discharges enters interim hydrogen storage case (11), and the hydrogen adsorption device delivery line (5) by top enters hydrogen storage case (2) afterwards; When the pressure differential between hydrogen storage case (2) and final hydrogen storage case (4) surpasses the opening pressure of differential non-return valve (3), the valve open of differential non-return valve (3), hydrogen exports in final hydrogen storage case (4) by conduit (9) and differential non-return valve (3), when the density of hydrogen of final hydrogen storage case (4) was between 4.1%-6%, lighter (7) was lighted hydrogen.
According to claim 6 a kind of utilize as claimed in claim 1 a kind of anti-
Stop the remission method of the quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of the interior hydrogen of containment, it is characterized in that, when the pressure of final hydrogen storage case (4) surpasses the release pressure of safety valve (6), the valve open of safety valve (6).
According to claim 7 a kind of utilize as claimed in claim 1 a kind of anti-
Stop the remission method of the quick-fried alleviation nuclear power major accident device of the interior hydrogen of containment, it is characterized in that, the release pressure of described safety valve (6) is 1-1.25 times of containment maximum working pressure.
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Cited By (1)
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| US9764646B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2017-09-19 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Leak hydrogen absorbing device, hydrogen energy utilization system and leak hydrogen absorbing method |
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| CN102646454B (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2014-10-29 | 华北电力大学 | Device and method for alleviating serious accidents in external nuclear power station capable of preventing hydrogen blistering |
| CN102878578B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-12-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Hydrogen igniter for nuclear power station |
| CN103994448B (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2017-06-09 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | The system and method for quick treatment big flow combustible gas |
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| DE4221692A1 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for determining a mixture proportion of a gas mixture |
| DE59300692D1 (en) * | 1993-12-13 | 1995-11-16 | Anlagen Und Reaktorsicherheit | Device for removing free hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen. |
| DE19722165C1 (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-09-24 | Siemens Ag | Spark ignition system for hydrogen recombination |
| FR2767598B1 (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-10-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | NUCLEAR WATER REACTOR INCORPORATING SPECIFIC HYDROGEN STORAGE AND TREATMENT COMPARTMENTS |
| CN1169161C (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2004-09-29 | 东芝株式会社 | Combustible degasing device |
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| DE102007060372B4 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2010-11-18 | Areva Np Gmbh | Rekombinatorelement |
| KR100974932B1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-08-10 | 한국원자력기술 주식회사 | Method for passiv Auto-catalytic Recombiner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9764646B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2017-09-19 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Leak hydrogen absorbing device, hydrogen energy utilization system and leak hydrogen absorbing method |
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