CN102201754B - Topology and constant-frequency voltage hysteresis control of multi-level inverter - Google Patents
Topology and constant-frequency voltage hysteresis control of multi-level inverter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102201754B CN102201754B CN201110105586.4A CN201110105586A CN102201754B CN 102201754 B CN102201754 B CN 102201754B CN 201110105586 A CN201110105586 A CN 201110105586A CN 102201754 B CN102201754 B CN 102201754B
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Abstract
The invention discloses topology and constant-frequency voltage hysteresis control of a multi-level inverter which has constant switching frequency and is based on a serial resonant soft switch. The multi-level inverter comprises a unidirectional multi-level inverter and a bidirectional multi-level inverter; a switch device is arranged on one side of the unidirectional multilevel inverter; a complementary conducting way is adopted in different resonant current directions in the same state; switch devices are arranged on both sides of the bidirectional multilevel inverter and are easy to control; the voltage hysteresis control comprises direct voltage hysteresis control and indirect voltages hysteresis control; in the direct voltage hysteresis control, output voltage is taken as a comparison object; and in the indirect hysteresis control, the output of a regulator is taken as a comparison object. Due to the adoption of the voltage hysteresis control based on the multi-level inverter, rapid and stable control over the output voltage can be realized; and the voltage hysteresis control can applied to a high-frequency DC/DC (Direct Current-Direct Current) converter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to topology and the control method of the multi-electrical level inverter in a kind of DC/DC converter, specifically a kind of switching frequency keeps constant, the multi-electrical level inverter topology based on series resonance soft switch and the stagnant ring of voltage to control.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the extensive use of power device of new generation (as IGBT, MOSFET etc.), the speed of microprocessor further improves, and high-frequency inversion technology is also more and more ripe, for developing a kind of novel, high performance DC/DC converter, has created condition.
High frequencyization can be so that power electronic equipment miniaturization, lightweight, but Simultaneous Switching loss also can increase thereupon, electric energy efficiency degradation, and electromagnetic interference increases, so simply improve switching frequency, is not all right.For common DC/DC converter, adopt pulse width modulating technology (PWM), switching device works in hard switching state, electromagnetic interference is larger, switching device loss and damage probability are larger, are unfavorable for further improving switching frequency, have also affected stability and efficiency simultaneously.For these problems, utilize resonance for main assist exchanging circuit means, soft switch technique has been proposed, solved switching loss and the switching noise problem in circuit, switching frequency can be increased substantially.
It is that output voltage is maintained in the hysteresis band centered by reference voltage that the stagnant ring of voltage is controlled, compare with other control methods, due to without complicated and follow slow feedback loop, in switch periods, when transient changing occurs, responsive load changes at once, do not have the obvious hysteresis of control signal to sampled signal, transient response time is only relevant with the delay of hysteresis comparator and drive circuit.
The precision that the stagnant ring of voltage is controlled is relevant with the ring width of stagnant ring, is also subject to the restriction of the switching frequency that switching device allows simultaneously.When ring width is larger, can reduce switching frequency, but output voltage fluctuation is larger, harmonic component is high; Ring width too hour, although output voltage waveforms is better, increases switching frequency, and this is the factor of conflict.While determining ring width, should make full use of under the prerequisite of switching device frequency, select that circlet is wide as far as possible.
Through existing technical literature retrieval is found, the stagnant ring of voltage of week person of outstanding talent, Wei Yanjun, the synchronous Buck transducer of marquis scholar river < < crisscross parallel is controlled research > > (power electronic technology, the 42nd the 6th phase of volume in 2008, p78-80), based on interleaving technique, a kind of novel voltage hysteresis control method thereof has been proposed.The stagnant ring of this voltage is controlled and is combined with interleaving technique, have circuit simply, without feedback control loop compensation, load transient response and the advantage such as limit switch ON time not.But the switching frequency of this control mode is fixing, while following the tracks of output voltage, if load variations, switching frequency can change thereupon, and the duty ratio of switching device conducting is difficult to expect, during high frequency, the driving of switching device is difficult to realize.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, the stagnant ring of voltage that proposes a kind of multi-electrical level inverter based on series resonance soft switch is controlled, at resonance current zero crossing diverter switch device, thereby switching frequency is constant, owing to being soft switch control, it is very high that switching frequency can reach, and switching loss is less.Multi-electrical level inverter based on series resonance soft switch and the stagnant ring of voltage are controlled and are combined, can maintained switch frequency constant, easily realize output voltage fast, stable control.
The present invention be directed to the series resonance DC/DC converter that adopts high frequency multi-electrical level inverter, this converter topology comprises: inverter is multiple impulse level output by the stable DC voltage transitions of input, is used for the amplitude of series resonance to adjust; Series resonant circuit is by extra capacitor C and transformer T
1leakage inductance form, if transformer T
1leakage inductance not enough, can outer coilloading, the impulse level of inverter output is converted to sinusoidal waveform, so that transformer T
1boost or step-down; The uncontrollable rectifier of high frequency, to the rectification of high frequency sinusoidal voltage, obtains the direct voltage U of output
out.
The multi-electrical level inverter topological structure proposing has 2 kinds, is a kind ofly called unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter, and another kind is called bidirectional multi-level inverter.Common inverter is 2 brachium pontis that 4 switching devices form, input a kind of level, exportable 3 kinds of level, unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter increases switching tube in a side of common inverter front end or rear end, increases a switching device, and incoming level increases a kind of, output level increases by two kinds, input n kind level, needs a side to increase n-1 switching device, altogether needs n+3 switching device; Bidirectional multi-level inverter is on the basis of common inverter, front-end and back-end bilateral symmetry increases switching device, increase pair of switches device, incoming level increases a kind of, output level increases by two kinds, input n kind level, both sides increase by 2 (n-1) individual switching device, altogether need 2 (n+1) individual switching device.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes following steps:
1, the acquisition and processing of resonance current
By current transformer or in series resonant circuit, seal in a small resistor, with the form of voltage, measure initial resonance current I
res_p, what initial resonance current was actual resonance current is reverse, and voltage follower oppositely amplifies it to obtain I
res_in.By the resonance current I after amplifying
res_inphase advance t
s, the time of reach is the time of delays such as controller device, drive circuit and switching device switching, to guarantee switching device switching state when the resonance current zero crossing.By the resonance current I after reach
trs_sfrom sinusoidal waveform, be converted to the discernible impulse waveform I of controller
respass into controller, to detect zero crossing, impulse waveform I
resamplitude identical with the processing level of controller, the level of processor is generally 3.3V or 5V.
2, the collection of output voltage
Mode by voltage transformer or electric resistance partial pressure is measured output voltage U
out, adopt the mode of electric resistance partial pressure also to need by linear optical coupling, power circuit and control circuit to be isolated.
3, voltage comparison value is given
The stagnant ring of voltage is controlled and is divided into the stagnant ring control of direct voltage and the stagnant ring control of voltage indirectly, and it is collection output voltage U that the stagnant ring of direct voltage is controlled
out, directly compare with given voltage comparison value, by result input control device; The stagnant ring control of voltage is output voltage U indirectly
outwith given reference voltage U
refby adjuster, its result and given voltage comparison value are compared.The given voltage comparison value that the stagnant ring of direct voltage is controlled is according to given reference voltage U
refdirectly determine with quantity, the width of stagnant ring, with output voltage U
outvariation and change; The given voltage comparison value that the stagnant ring of voltage is controlled is indirectly according to the stagnant number of rings amount of the parameter of adjuster and setting, width decision, and the variation because of output voltage does not change.
The quantity of given voltage comparison value depends on the output level number of inverter, and inverter incoming level is counted n, is respectively U from low to high
i1, U
i2, U
i3..., U
in, inverter output level number (2n+1), is respectively+U from high to low
in,+U
in-1,+U
in-2... ,+U
i1, 0 ,-U
i1,-U
i2,-U
i3... ,-U
inevery kind of a kind of level of State-output, therefore there is (2n+1) kind state, by be called from high to low+n of output level state ,+(n-1) state ,+(n-2) state ..., 0 state ,-1 state ,-2 states ,-3 states ... ,-n state, the quantity of given voltage comparison value is 2n, and the quantity of stagnant ring is n.
For the stagnant ring of direct voltage, control, ring width is respectively given reference voltage U from low to high
ref2h
1%, 2h
2% ..., 2h
n%, given voltage comparison value is respectively from low to high: U
1, U
2..., U
2n, U
1=(1-h
n%) U
ref, U
2=(1-h
n-1%) U
ref, U
3=(1-h
n-2%) U
ref..., U
n=(1-h
1%) U
ref, U
n+1=(1+h
1%) U
ref, U
n+2=(1+h
2%) U
ref, U
n+3=(1+h
3%) U
ref..., U
2n=(1+h
n%) U
ref.
For the stagnant ring of indirect voltage, control, set the stable output of adjuster at U
r, ring width is respectively U from low to high
r2h
1%, 2h
2% ..., 2h
n%, given voltage comparison value is respectively from low to high: U
1, U
2..., U
2n, U
1=(1-h
n%) U
r, U
2=(1-h
n-1%) U
r, U
3=(1-h
n-2%) U
r..., U
n=(1-h
1%) U
r, U
n+1=(1+h
1%) U
r, U
n+2=(1+h
2%) U
r, U
n+3=(1+h
3%) U
r..., U
2n=(1+h
n%) U
r.
4, determine next state of a control
For the stagnant ring of direct voltage, control output voltage U
outcompare U with given voltage comparison value
outbe greater than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 1 ", U
outbe less than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 0 ", 2n comparative result is input in controller, the controller record wherein quantity of " 1 " signal is m, m and next output state with value for n, be m=0, next state is+n, m=1, next state is+(n-1), m=2, next state is+(n-2) ..., m=n, next state is 0, m=n+1, next state is-1, m=n+2, next state is-2, m=n+3, next state is-3 ..., m=2n, next state is-n.
For the stagnant ring of indirect voltage, control the output voltage U of adjuster
outrcompare U with given voltage comparison value
outrbe greater than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 1 ", U
outrbe less than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 0 ", 2n comparative result is input in controller, the controller record wherein quantity of " 1 " signal is m, the difference of m and next output state is n, be m=2n, next state is+n, m=2n-1, next state is+(n-1), m=2n-2, next state is+(n-2) ..., m=n, next state is 0, m=n-1, next state is-l, m=n-2, next state is-2, m=n-3, next state is-3 ..., m=0, next state is-n.
In addition; also need the voltage of resonance current and capacitor C to limit; set ceiling value; if both have one to surpass the limit value of setting; next output state is forced to nought state or negative state, if both surpass the limit value of setting, next output state is forced to negative state; with protection switch device, prevent overcurrent and overvoltage.
In addition, the amplitude of the pulse signal of comparator output is identical with the processing level of controller, and the processing level of controller is generally 3.3V or 5V.
5, output switch control signal
Be input to signal in controller and have the resonance current signal I that becomes impulse waveform after reach
res, a stagnant chain rate 2n result, determines next state according to stagnant chain rate result, by I
reshalf period integral multiple as the triggering signal of determining state, according to the driving signal of next State-output switching device, I
reshalf period be the triggering signal of switching device switching state.
The conduction mode different according to switching device, the output of multi-electrical level inverter has 3 kinds of basic status, is respectively positive status, nought state, negative state.Positive status is that the pulse voltage direction of multi-electrical level inverter output is identical with direction of resonant current, and resonance current is played to humidification; Nought state is that multi-electrical level inverter voltage pulse output is zero, and resonant circuit forms loop, and resonance current is only subject to load effect; Negative state is that the pulse voltage direction of multi-electrical level inverter output is contrary with direction of resonant current, and resonance current is weakened.Same state, the output level direction of the different corresponding multi-electrical level inverters of direction of resonance current also will change thereupon, the conduction mode that switching device is corresponding different.At the state of the zero crossing diverter switch device of resonance current, so that switching loss is zero, and switching frequency remains identical with series resonance frequency.
During nought state, basic 4 switching devices of multi-electrical level inverter are two upper brachium pontis of conducting or two lower brachium pontis in turn, consider the useful life of switching device, are difficult for two upper brachium pontis of conducting always or two lower brachium pontis.If switching device inverse parallel fast diode, also can, according in basic 4 switching devices of the direction conducting of resonance current, utilize a corresponding fast diode to substitute switching device conducting in parallel with it and form loop.
For negative state, if the switching device in multi-electrical level inverter all inverse parallel fast diode, can closeall switching device, the resonant circuit of leaving selects the fast diode of conducting to form path according to self-energy, this kind of control method is simple, but the negative state of n kind cannot be determined control.If control negative state, must be by the mode of actuating switch device, for different direction of resonant current, the switching device of certain negative state conducting is different.
For unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter, only have a side to increase switching device, to increase the level quantity of input, for the resonance current of both direction, during control switch break-over of device, can only pass through the mode of " complementation ".4 basic switching devices are S
1H, S
2H, S
1L, S
2L, S
1Hand S
2Hform a brachium pontis, S
1Land S
2Lform a brachium pontis, S
1Hand S
1Lbe two upper brachium pontis, in front side, increase switching device S
3, S
4, S
5..., S
(n+1), the level number of input is n, the H point of take flows to L point as resonance current positive direction, for-t (1≤t≤n-1) state, the incoming level of increase is-U
i (n+2-t), when resonance current is negative, switching device S
tand S
2Lconducting, or switching device S
tand S
2Lantiparallel fast diode D
2Lconducting, to resonant circuit output-U
i (n+2-t)level, and resonance current is timing, cannot pass through switching device S
texport-U of conducting
i (n+2-t)level, switching device S
tand S
1Lconducting, or switching device S
tand S
1Lantiparallel fast diode D
1Lconducting, to resonant circuit output U
i (n+2-t)-U
inlevel, therefore, is positive-t state for resonance current, must conducting and switching device S
tcomplementary that switching device S
n+4-t, and while actuating switch device S
1Lor and S
1Lantiparallel fast diode D
1L, to resonant circuit output U
i (t-2)-U
inlevel, if want effect identical, level U
i (t-2)with U
i (n+2-t)must be complementary, both sums are U
in, for every kind of negative state, can adopt the conduction mode of " complementation ", require the level of each state input to there is the linear relationship of equal difference, i.e. U
i2=2U
i1, U
i3=3U
i1, U
i4=4U
i1..., U
in=nU
i1.For the unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter of rear side, control negative state, also by the conduction mode of " complementation ".
For bidirectional multi-level inverter, in bilateral symmetry, increase switching device, front side increases S
3H, S
4H, S
5H..., S
(n+1) H, rear side increases S
3L, S
4L, S
5L..., S
(n+1) L, for-t (1≤t≤n-1) state, the incoming level of increase is U
i (n+2-t), S
tHand S
tLthe level of input is all U
i (n+2-t), when resonance current is negative, switching device S
tHand S
2Lconducting, or switching device S
tHand S
2Lantiparallel fast diode D
2Lconducting, to resonant circuit output-U
i (n+2-t)level, resonance current is timing, switching device S
tLand S
2Hconducting, or switching device S
tLand S
2Hantiparallel fast diode D
2Hconducting, to resonant circuit output-U
i (n+2-t)level.For two-way multi-electrical level inverter, the level of each state input does not require the linear relationship with equal difference.
For positive status, unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter still needs to adopt the conduction mode of " complementation ", and the level of each state input requires to have the linear relationship of equal difference, and for t (1≤t≤n-1) state, the incoming level of increase is U
i (n+2-t), resonance current is timing, switching device S
tand S
2Lconducting, to resonant circuit output U
i (n+2-t)level, when resonance current is negative, conducting and switching device S
tcomplementary switching device S
n+4-t, and while actuating switch device S
1L, to resonant circuit output U
i (n+2-t)level; Bidirectional multi-level inverter is for t (1≤t≤n-1) state, and resonance current is timing, switching device S
tHand S
2Lconducting, to resonant circuit output U
i (n+2-t)level, when resonance current is negative, actuating switch device S
tLand S
2H, to resonant circuit output U
i (n+2-t)level.
For+n state, resonance current is being for just, switching device S
1Hand S
2Lconducting, resonance current is negative, switching device S
1Land S
2Hconducting; During-n state, resonance current is being for just, switching device S
1Land S
2Hconducting, if switching device inverse parallel fast diode, also could be by fast diode D
1Land D
2Hconducting voluntarily, resonance current is negative, switching device S
1Hand S
2Lconducting, or by fast diode D
1Hand D
2Lconducting voluntarily.
The break-make of the DC/DC converter of the employing multi-electrical level inverter based on resonant type soft-switch technology diverter switch device when resonance current zero crossing, eliminated switching loss, in addition, a plurality of switching devices are connected in parallel as a switch valve, can reach all and to press and the effect of current-sharing, make up the capacity of MOSFET or IGBT.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the first, eliminated switching loss; The second, control fast, simply; Three, switching device frequency is constant; Four, the state of diverter switch device when resonance current zero crossing, has reached and has well all pressed and current-sharing effect, is convenient to switching device increase-volume in parallel; Five, seldom, a controller can be controlled a plurality of these DC/DC converters to needed controller I/O pin.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for adopting the DC/DC converter topology of the unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter in front side, (a) in switching device inverse parallel fast diode, by control switch device and fast diode with switching controls state, (b) in only control switch device state of a control is switched;
Fig. 2 is for adopting the DC/DC converter topology of bidirectional multi-level inverter, wherein switching device inverse parallel fast diode, by control switch device and fast diode with switching controls state;
Fig. 3 is front side multi-electrical level inverter+t state, the conduction mode that is (a) timing for resonance current, " complementation " conduction mode while being (b) negative for resonance current;
Fig. 4 is the nought state of front side multi-electrical level inverter, the conduction mode that is (a) timing for resonance current, the conduction mode while being (b) negative for resonance current;
Fig. 5 is front side multi-electrical level inverter-t state, the conduction mode while being (a) negative for resonance current, " complementation " conduction mode that is (b) timing for resonance current;
Fig. 6 is bidirectional multi-level inverter+t state, the conduction mode that is (a) timing for resonance current, the conduction mode while being (b) negative for resonance current;
Fig. 7 is the nought state of bidirectional multi-level inverter, the conduction mode while being (a) negative for resonance current, the conduction mode that is (b) timing for resonance current;
Fig. 8 is bidirectional multi-level inverter-t state, the conduction mode while being (a) negative for resonance current, the conduction mode that is (b) timing for resonance current;
Fig. 9 is the topological structure that five-electrical level inverter increases capacity, and each switch valve is comprised of 3 switching devices;
Figure 10 is 5 kinds of operating states of five-electrical level inverter, the output level of 1-inverter, and 2-resonance current, wherein, I is+2 states, and II is-2 states, and III is nought state, and IV is+1 state, V is-1 state;
The structure chart of Figure 11 for adopting the stagnant ring of direct voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control;
The structure chart of Figure 12 for adopting the stagnant ring of indirect voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control;
The control sequential of Figure 13 for adopting the stagnant ring of direct voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control.
The control sequential of Figure 14 for adopting the stagnant ring of indirect voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, provided detailed execution mode and process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.Therefore, it should be understood that appended claim is intended to contain all such modifications and the change that falls into true spirit of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 11,12, adopt the stagnant ring of voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control, Figure 11 is that the stagnant ring of direct voltage is controlled, and Figure 12 is that the stagnant ring of indirect voltage is controlled.The three-level inverter adopting is comprised of 4 switching device inverse parallel fast diodes, and switching device is S
1H, S
2H, S
1L, S
2L, antiparallel fast diode is D respectively
1H, D
2H, D
1L, D
2L, switching device S
1Hand S
2Hform a brachium pontis, switching device S
1Land S
2Lform a brachium pontis, switching device S
1Hand S
1Lbe two upper brachium pontis, switching device S
2Hand S
2Lbe two lower brachium pontis.
Be respectively+1 state of 3 kinds of state of a controls of three-level inverter, 0 state ,-1 state, the H point of take flows to L point as positive resonance current, and the switch conduction mode of three state is: (1) resonance current is timing, and+1 state is actuating switch device S
1Hand S
2L; When resonance current is negative ,+1 state is actuating switch device S
1Land S
2H.(2) by the combination conduction mode of switching device and fast diode, resonance current is timing, and 0 state is actuating switch device S
1Hwith fast diode D
1Lor switching device S
2Lwith fast diode D
2H; When resonance current is negative, 0 state is actuating switch device S
1Lwith fast diode D
1Hor switching device S
2Hwith fast diode D
2L.Two upper arm switching device S of conducting simultaneously
1Hand S
1L, or two underarm switching device S
2Hand S
2L, when resonance current is plus or minus, resonant circuit can form loop, for 0 state occurring successively, in turn two upper arm switching devices of conducting and two underarm switching devices.(3) switching device all turn-offs ,-1 state by according to the direction of resonance current voluntarily conducting fast diode form loop, resonance current is timing, fast diode D
1Land D
2Hconducting voluntarily, when resonance current is negative, fast diode D
1Hand D
2Lconducting voluntarily.Or by the mode conducting of switching device and fast diode combination, resonance current is timing, switching device S
2Hwith fast diode D
1Lconducting, or switching device S
1Lwith fast diode D
2Hconducting; When resonance current is negative, switching device S
1Hwith fast diode D
2Lconducting, or switching device S
2Lwith fast diode D
1Hconducting; Or direct 2 switching devices of conducting, resonance current is timing, switching device S
1Land S
2Hconducting, when resonance current is negative, switching device S
2Land S
1Hconducting.
The step that the stagnant ring of direct voltage is controlled is:
1, the sampling of resonance current and processing
In series resonant circuit, seal in a small resistor R, transformer T
2by the isolation of power circuit and control circuit, with the form of voltage, measure initial resonance current I
res_p, what initial resonance current was actual resonance current is reverse, and voltage follower oppositely amplifies it to obtain I
res_in.By the resonance current I after amplifying
res_inphase advance t
s, the time of reach is the time of delay of controller, drive circuit and switching device switching etc., take and guarantees that switching device is at resonance current switching state as zero time.Detect the resonance current I after reach
res_szero crossing, resonance current is converted to the discernible impulse waveform I of controller from sinusoidal waveform
respass into processor, impulse waveform I
resamplitude identical with the processing level of controller, processor adopting CPLD/FPGA, processing level is 3.3V.
2, the collection of output voltage
Mode by electric resistance partial pressure is measured output voltage U
out, linear optical coupling is by power circuit and control circuit isolation.
3, voltage comparison value is given
According to given reference voltage U
refdetermine two voltage comparison value U
1and U
2, and U
2> U
1, the ratio of stagnant ring is reference voltage U
ref0.5%, i.e. U
2=1.005U
ref, U
1=0.995U
ref.
4, determine next state of a control
Output voltage U
outwith U
1comparative result be c
1, U
outbe greater than U
1, c
1for " 1 ", U
outbe less than U
1, c
1for " 0 "; Output voltage U
outwith U
2comparative result be c
2, U
outbe greater than U
2, c
2for " 1 ", U
outbe less than U
2, c
2for " 0 ".C
1for " 1 ", c
2for " 1 ", next output state is-1 state; c
2for " 0 ", c
1for " 1 ", next output state is 0 state; c
1for " 0 ", c
2for " 0 ", next output state is+1 state; c
2for " 0 ", c
1for " 1 ", in theory U
2> U
1, can not there is this result, if there is this situation, think that control circuit is abnormal, next output state is forced to 0 or-1 state.In addition, need restriction resonance current I
res_pabsolute value | I
res_p| and the voltage U of capacitor C
cabsolute value | U
c|, set | I
res_p| peak be U
ires, | U
c| peak be U
c_limitif both surpass set point simultaneously, next output state is forced to-1 state, if both one of surpass set point, next output state is forced to 0 or-1 state, specifically looks c
1and c
2result and determine, if c
1and c
2result judge that next output state, as+1 state, is forced to 0 state, if c
1and c
2result judge that next output state, as 0 state, is forced to-1 state.
5, output switch control signal
Be the integral multiple of resonance current half period the decision-making period of next state of a control, the switching cycle of switching device is the half period of resonance current, as the sequential of Figure 13 for adopting the stagnant ring of direct voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control, the switching cycle of decision-making period and switching device is all the half period of resonance current, according to next output state obtained above, at resonance current I
reszero crossing switching controls state, and output switch control signal.
The step that the stagnant ring of voltage is controlled is indirectly:
1, the sampling of resonance current and processing
In series resonant circuit, seal in a small resistor R, transformer T
2by the isolation of power circuit and control circuit, with the form of voltage, measure initial resonance current I
res_p, what initial resonance current was actual resonance current is reverse, and voltage follower oppositely amplifies it to obtain I
res_in.By the resonance current I after amplifying
res_inphase advance t
s, the time of reach is the time of delay of controller, drive circuit and switching device switching etc., take and guarantees that switching device is at resonance current switching state as zero time.Detect the resonance current I after reach
res_szero crossing, resonance current is converted to the discernible impulse waveform I of processor from sinusoidal waveform
respass into controller, impulse waveform I
resamplitude identical with the processing level of controller, processor adopting CPLD/FPGA, processing level is 3.3V.
2, the collection of output voltage
Mode by electric resistance partial pressure is measured output voltage U
out, linear optical coupling is by power circuit and control circuit isolation.
3, voltage comparison value is given
Adjuster device adopts pi regulator, sets output voltage U
outwhile stablizing, the output of pi regulator is referenced as U
r, according to reference voltage U
rdetermine two voltage comparison value U
pi1and U
pi2, and U
pi2> U
pi1, the ring width of stagnant ring is reference voltage U
r0.5%, i.e. U
pi2=1.005U
r, U
pi1=0.995U
r.
4, determine next state of a control
Pi regulator Output rusults U
piwith U
pi1comparative result be c
1, U
pibe greater than U
pi1, c
1for " 1 ", U
pibe less than U
pi1, c
1for " 0 "; U
piwith U
pi2comparative result be c
2, U
pibe greater than U
pi2, c
2for " 1 ", U
pibe less than U
pi2, c
2for " 0 ".C
1for " 1 ", c
2for " 1 ", next output state is+1 state; c
2for " 0 ", c
1for " 1 ", next output state is 0 state; c
1for " 0 ", c
2for " 0 ", next output state is-1 state; c
2for " 0 ", c
1for " 1 ", in theory U
pi2> U
pi1, can not there is this result, if there is this situation, think that control circuit is abnormal, next output state is forced to 0 or-1 state.In addition, need restriction resonance current I
res_pabsolute value | I
res_p| and the voltage U of capacitor C
cabsolute value | U
c|, set | I
res_p| peak be U
ires, | U
c| peak be U
c_limitif both surpass set point simultaneously, next output state is forced to-1 state, if both one of surpass set point, next output state is forced to 0 or-1 state, specifically looks c
1and c
2result and determine, if c
1and c
2result judge that next output state, as+1 state, is forced to 0 state, if c
1and c
2result judge that next output state, as 0 state, is forced to-1 state.
5, output switch control signal
Be the integral multiple of resonance current half period the decision-making period of next state of a control, the switching cycle of switching device is the half period of resonance current, as the sequential of Figure 14 for adopting the stagnant ring of indirect voltage of the DC/DC converter of three-level inverter to control, the switching cycle of decision-making period and switching device is all the half period of resonance current, according to next output state obtained above, at resonance current I
reszero crossing switching controls state, and output switch control signal.
Claims (9)
1. constant, the topology of the multi-electrical level inverter based on series resonance soft switch of a switching frequency, comprising: unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter and bidirectional multi-level inverter;
Described unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter increases switching device in a side of common inverter front end or rear end, increases a switching device, and incoming level increases by a kind, output level increases by 2 kinds, input n kind level, needs a side to increase n-1 switching device, altogether needs n+3 switching device;
Described bidirectional multi-level inverter is to increase switching device in the front-end and back-end of common inverter bilateral symmetry, increase pair of switches device, incoming level increases by a kind, output level increases by 2 kinds, input n kind level, both sides increase by 2 (n-1) individual switching device, altogether need 2 (n+1) individual switching device;
Further, the output of multi-electrical level inverter has 3 kinds of basic status, is respectively positive status, nought state, negative state, and positive status is that the pulse voltage direction of multi-electrical level inverter output is identical with direction of resonant current, and resonance current is played to humidification; Nought state is that multi-electrical level inverter voltage pulse output is zero, and resonant circuit forms loop, and resonance current is only subject to load effect; Negative state is that the pulse voltage direction of multi-electrical level inverter output is contrary with direction of resonant current, and resonance current is weakened;
Further, at the zero crossing of resonance current, switch the state of the switching device of multi-electrical level inverter, and switching frequency remains identical with series resonance frequency.
2. multi-electrical level inverter according to claim 1 is topological, it is characterized in that, during nought state, 4 switching devices of multi-electrical level inverter are two upper brachium pontis of conducting or two lower brachium pontis in turn, consider the useful life of switching device, not two upper brachium pontis of conducting always or two lower brachium pontis; If switching device inverse parallel fast diode, according to one in 4 switching devices of direction conducting of resonance current, utilizes a corresponding fast diode to substitute switching device conducting in parallel with it and forms loop.
3. multi-electrical level inverter according to claim 1 is topological, it is characterized in that, for negative state, if the switching device in multi-electrical level inverter all inverse parallel fast diode, closeall switching device, leave resonant circuit according to the fast diode formation path of self-energy selection conducting, this kind of control method is simple, but the negative state of n kind cannot be determined control, if control negative state, must be by the mode of actuating switch device, for different direction of resonant current, the switching device of certain negative state conducting is different: for unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter, only have a side to increase switching device, to increase the level quantity of input, resonance current for both direction, during control switch break-over of device, can only pass through the mode of " complementation ", for certain negative state, when resonance current is negative, corresponding switching device conducting, resonance current is timing, complementary switching device conducting with it, for every kind of negative state, adopt the conduction mode of " complementation ", the level that requires each state to input has the linear relationship of equal difference, for bidirectional multi-level inverter, in bilateral symmetry, increase switching device, for certain negative state, when resonance current is negative, corresponding front side switching device conducting, resonance current is timing, corresponding rear side switching device conducting, the level of each state input does not require the linear relationship with equal difference.
4. multi-electrical level inverter according to claim 1 is topological, it is characterized in that, for positive status, unidirectional multi-electrical level inverter still needs to adopt the conduction mode of " complementation ", and the level of each state input requires to have the linear relationship of equal difference, for certain positive status, resonance current is timing, corresponding switching device conducting, when resonance current is negative, complementary switching device conducting with it; Bidirectional multi-level inverter is for positive status, and resonance current is timing, the corresponding switching device conducting in front side, and when resonance current is negative, the corresponding switching device conducting of rear side.
5. multi-electrical level inverter according to claim 1 topology, is characterized in that, a plurality of switching devices are connected in parallel as a switch valve, has and all presses and the effect of current-sharing, makes up the capacity of high frequency switching device MOSFET or IGBT.
6. the stagnant ring of the voltage for the multi-electrical level inverter topology described in claim 1 to 5 any one is controlled, and the stagnant ring control of voltage is divided into the stagnant ring control of direct voltage and the stagnant ring of indirect voltage is controlled, and the concrete steps of the stagnant ring control of voltage are:
(1) acquisition and processing of resonance current
By current transformer, with the form of voltage, measure initial resonance current I
res_p, what initial resonance current was actual resonance current is reverse, and voltage follower oppositely amplifies it to obtain I
res_in, by the resonance current I after amplifying
res_inphase advance t
s, the time of reach is the time of delay that controller, drive circuit and switching device switch, to guarantee switching device switching state when the resonance current zero crossing, by the resonance current I after reach
res_sfrom sinusoidal waveform, be converted to the impulse waveform I that controller can be identified
respass into controller, to detect zero crossing;
(2) collection of output voltage
Mode by voltage transformer or electric resistance partial pressure is measured output voltage U
out;
(3) voltage comparison value is given
The stagnant ring of voltage is controlled and is divided into the stagnant ring control of direct voltage and the stagnant ring control of voltage indirectly, and it is collection output voltage U that the stagnant ring of direct voltage is controlled
out, directly compare with given voltage comparison value, by result input control device; The stagnant ring control of voltage is output voltage U indirectly
outwith given reference voltage U
refby adjuster, its result and given voltage comparison value are compared;
(4) determine next state of a control
For the stagnant ring of direct voltage, control output voltage U
outcompare U with given voltage comparison value
outbe greater than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 1 ", U
outbe less than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 0 ", 2n comparative result is input in controller, the controller record wherein quantity of " 1 " signal is m, its scope 0 and 2n between, m and next output state be n with being worth; For the stagnant ring of indirect voltage, control the output voltage U of adjuster
outrcompare U with given voltage comparison value
outrbe greater than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 1 ", U
outrbe less than given voltage comparison value, comparator output " 0 ", 2n comparative result is input in controller, and the controller record wherein quantity of " 1 " signal is m, and the difference of m and next output state is n; In addition, also need the voltage of resonance current and capacitor C to limit, set ceiling value, if both have one to surpass the limit value of setting, next output state is forced to nought state or negative state, if both surpass the limit value of setting, next output state is forced to negative state, with protection switch device, prevent overcurrent and overvoltage;
(5) output switch control signal
Be input to signal in controller and have the resonance current signal I that becomes impulse waveform after reach
res, a stagnant chain rate 2n result, controls according to stagnant ring the result being compared and determines next state, by I
reshalf period integral multiple as the triggering signal of determining state, according to the driving signal of next State-output switching device, I
reshalf period be the triggering signal of switching device switching state.
7. the stagnant ring of voltage according to claim 6 is controlled, and it is characterized in that impulse waveform I
resamplitude identical with the processing level of controller, the amplitude of the pulse signal of comparator output is identical with the processing level of controller, the processing level of controller is 3.3V or 5V.
8. the stagnant ring of voltage according to claim 6 is controlled, it is characterized in that, the quantity of given voltage comparison value depends on the output level number of inverter, inverter incoming level is counted n, output level number (2n+1), every kind of a kind of level of State-output, therefore has (2n+1) kind state, the quantity of given voltage comparison value is 2n, and the quantity of stagnant ring is n.
9. the stagnant ring of voltage according to claim 6 is controlled, and it is characterized in that, the given voltage comparison value that the stagnant ring of direct voltage is controlled is according to given reference voltage U
refdirectly determine with quantity, the width of stagnant ring, with output voltage U
outvariation and change; The given voltage comparison value that the stagnant ring of voltage is controlled is indirectly according to the stagnant number of rings amount of the parameter of adjuster and setting, width decision, and the variation because of output voltage does not change.
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