CN102200581B - High-precision moisture Raman system and scaling method using monochromator - Google Patents
High-precision moisture Raman system and scaling method using monochromator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102200581B CN102200581B CN201010158109XA CN201010158109A CN102200581B CN 102200581 B CN102200581 B CN 102200581B CN 201010158109X A CN201010158109X A CN 201010158109XA CN 201010158109 A CN201010158109 A CN 201010158109A CN 102200581 B CN102200581 B CN 102200581B
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision moisture Raman system using monochromator. According to the invention, a scaling sample unit is added in an original moisture Raman system. Known Raman signal of the scaling sample unit is utilized as standard to carry out scaling for monochromator. A support which can move three-dimensionally also is added. Through the control of a computer and the movement of the three dimensional support detection key point changes freely between a laser radar unit and the scaling sample unit. Atmosphere detection is directly started after the completion of scaling by the monochromator. There is no need of other change of the original moisture Raman system. An error caused by the movement of moisture Raman system element is avoided and the accuracy of atmosphere detection is increased.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the atmospheric exploration system, refer in particular to the steam Raman system and the calibrating method that use monochromator splitting.
[background technology]
Steam Raman lidar system can be used for obtaining tropospheric Water Vapor Distribution outline line, Aerosol Extinction, backscattering coefficient, laser radar and atmospheric parameter such as compare.As a kind of multi-functional laser radar, the echoed signal energy distribution is in a plurality of wavelength, and how separating the echoed signal of each wavelength respectively, collection is the key of steam Raman lidar technology.
In the application of steam Raman lidar, often use monochromator or polychromator as beam splitter, so that the echoed signal of different wave length is separated, the strength signal of gathering the wavelengths of interest place respectively compares analysis, obtains required atmospheric information.As A.Ansmann, M.Riebesell etc. are published on 1992 55 volumes of the Appl.Phys.B periodical 18-28 page or leaf, exercise question is " combined elastic back scattering-Raman lidar is surveyed steam; Aerosol Extinction; the vertical profile of back scattering and laser radar ratio " (Combined Raman Elastic-Backscatter LIDAR for Vertical Profiling ofMoisture, Aerosol Extinction, Backscatter, and LIDAR ratio), this system adopts two polychromators as the piece-rate system of each wavelength echoed signal, a polychromator is dichroic beam splitter and interference filter chip system, for separating of the Raman signal of elastic scattering signal and nitrogen and steam; Another grating polychromator is for separating of the Raman signal of carbon dioxide, oxygen G﹠W, the echoed signal of the different wave length after the separation enters detection channels separately respectively, after the Discr. selection, counted by photon counter, by computing machine the signal that collects is carried out Treatment Analysis then, obtain the atmosphere target parameter.
As a kind of underlying instrument that carries out spectral analysis, measurement by producing monochromatic light, the accuracy of the wavelength of monochromator or polychromator outgoing has very high importance.The monochromatic wavelength of monochromator or polychromator outgoing determines by the relative position of prism in the instrument or grating, and the relative position of prism or grating is by the scale marker on the rotation axis of instrument outside, this scale is the just corresponding monochromatic wavelength of outgoing.When instrument dispatches from the factory, generally all actual outgoing wavelength and scale wavelength are looked several calibrate, make the two unanimity.But the state of each element may with transport, debug, external condition such as use for a long time changes, thereby make actual wavelength and look several wavelength and produce deviation, influence the accuracy of monochromator or polychromator reading, not only can bring extra systematic error to experiment, echoed signal receiving intensity deficiency also might occur even not receive problems such as signal.For avoiding this kind situation, just need calibrate again instrument, according to actual wavelength and the deviation of looking several between the wavelength former data are revised, make the actual wavelength data and look several consistent wavelength.
The tradition calibrating method often uses the known line spectrum light source of various wavelength such as mercury lamp, hydrogen lamp, receive lamp, neon lamp and arc lamp etc. calibrates monochromator, this method has certain limitation, spectral line is dim fuzzy to be difficult for differentiating, the adjacent spectral line color defines the calibration result that all can influence such as indeterminate, and observer's judgement also might be introduced than mistake for the calibration of monochromator.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of high-precision steam Raman system and calibrating method that uses monochromator splitting, this system not only can atmospheric sounding information, and can calibrate the wavelength of monochromator more accurately, and reduce the systematic error of steam Raman system effectively.
[summary of the invention]
The invention provides a kind of high-precision steam Raman system and calibrating method that uses monochromator splitting, it not only can atmospheric sounding information, and can calibrate the wavelength of monochromator more accurately, and reduce the systematic error of steam Raman system effectively.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of high-precision steam Raman system of using monochromator splitting, this steam Raman system comprises: monochromator, laser instrument, the laser radar unit, conduction optical fiber, signal gathering unit, and step motor, it is characterized in that, this steam Raman system also comprises the calibration sample unit, the light beam of this laser instrument output is optionally injected this calibration sample unit or laser radar unit, this conduction optical fiber is used for the second Raman light signal of the first Raman light signal of this calibration sample unit generation and the generation of this laser radar unit is passed to this monochromator, this signal gathering unit is electrically connected with this monochromator, be used for the collection to the first Raman light signal or the second Raman light signal, analog to digital conversion, data such as temporary are handled, this step motor is electrically connected with this monochromator, is used for the control monochromator and is in different centre wavelength.The light that this laser instrument sends is through after the calibration sample unit generation Raman scattering, light signal passes to this monochromator through conduction optical fiber again, select the centre wavelength of monochromator by the control of this step motor, thereby determine accurate wavelength, improved the degree of accuracy of steam Raman system.
Preferably, this calibration sample unit comprises: nitrogen sample chamber, condenser lens, distilled water sample chamber and the control system that can regulate sample temperature and pressure, this nitrogen sample chamber and this distilled water sample chamber are the Raman scattering sample, have advantages such as cost is low, application obtains generally, easily; This condenser lens is used for assembling the light beam of this laser instrument output, produces steam and improves its content and produce high-energy, has greatly strengthened the signal intensity of steam Raman scattering, is easy to survey, and has improved whole signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), and method is simple; This control system then is used for guaranteeing the stability of Raman scattering process external environment condition.
Select different object output beams in order to make this laser instrument, below this calibration sample unit and this laser radar unit, all set up at least one support, this support is can three-dimensional traversing carriage, the movement of support can drive the movement of this calibration sample unit or laser radar unit, thus the object of the light beam that change reception laser instrument sends.
Preferably, this steam Raman system also comprises computer system, this computer system is electrically connected with this support, this computer system also is electrically connected with this step motor, laser is installed in this computer system triggers control program, photomultiplier Control of Voltage program, step motor control program, three-dimensional traversing carriage control program and signals collecting software, store and the data processing with control, data to whole monochromator calibration process.
Preferably, this signal gathering unit comprises photomultiplier and signal transient registering instrument, this photomultiplier is electrically connected with this monochromator, and this signal transient registering instrument is electrically connected with this computer system, this photomultiplier is used for changing first light signal, second light signal into electric signal, so that this computer system is handled.Utilize highly sensitive this photomultiplier as electrooptical device, accurately measure the spectral intensity at each wavelength place, guaranteed the accuracy of monochromator calibration.
Include the rotation axis of control grating or prism location in this monochromator, this rotation axis is connected with this step motor, by to the control break grating of this step motor or the position of prism, be in different centre wavelength with the control monochromator, the computer system control step motor is realized the position of monochromator grating or prism, has further improved the accuracy of calibration.
Transmit for light can be conducted optical fiber by this, this conduction optical fiber two ends be respectively equipped with light-intaking tube and a light extraction tube that contains convex lens.
The present invention also provides a kind of calibrating method that uses the high-precision steam Raman system of monochromator splitting, and it includes:
(1). the computer system control support moves, and makes the beam alignment of calibration sample unit and laser instrument, and produces first Raman signal;
(2). this first Raman signal of conduction fiber optic conduction is given monochromator;
(3). the computer system control rotation axis changes the position of grating in the monochromator or prism, the monochromatic centre wavelength of selecting monochromator to tell;
(4). this signal gathering unit records the electric signal that this light signal is transformed into, and is stored in the computer system.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Steam Raman system of the present invention is set up the calibration sample unit in former steam Raman system, utilize the known Raman signal of calibration sample unit to calibrate for monochromator as standard, add calibration sample unit and support that can be three-dimensional mobile more cleverly, control by computer, the moving three dimension support makes that surveying emphasis freely changes between laser radar unit and calibration sample unit, can after finishing calibration, monochromator directly begin to carry out atmospheric exploration, and need not original system done other change, the error of having avoided the movement of system element to cause, and increased the accuracy of atmospheric exploration.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1: the present invention uses the synoptic diagram of the high-precision steam Raman system of monochromator splitting;
Fig. 2: the internal structure figure of calibration sample unit;
Fig. 3: the steam Raman scattering signal that experiment obtains;
Fig. 4: the steam Raman scattering coefficient that theory calculates is with the distribution of wavelength;
Fig. 5: theoretical calculate signal intensity profile and test overlapping of the Raman signal that collects.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention uses the high-precision steam Raman system of monochromator splitting, and this steam Raman system comprises: laser instrument 1, calibration sample unit 2, laser radar unit 3, conduction optical fiber 5, monochromator 6, signal gathering unit 80 and step motor 7.
Wherein, the light beam of this laser instrument 1 output can be changed between this calibration sample unit 2 and laser radar unit 3, this conduction optical fiber 5 passes to this monochromator 6 for the second Raman light signal that the first Raman light signal or this laser radar unit 3 with these calibration sample unit 2 generations receive, this signal gathering unit 80 is electrically connected with this monochromator 6, be used for the collection, analog to digital conversion to the first Raman light signal or the second Raman light signal, data such as temporary are handled, this step motor 7 is electrically connected with this monochromator 6, is used for control monochromator 6 and is in different centre wavelength.The light beam of this laser instrument 1 output is injected this calibration sample unit 2 earlier, Raman by calibration sample unit 2 reflects first Raman signal that produces, pass to monochromator 6 by conduction optical fiber 5 again, control by step motor 7 makes monochromator bright dipping in 6 fens make monochromator be in different centre wavelength, and monochromator 6 is calibrated.
As shown in Figure 2, this calibration sample unit 2 comprises: nitrogen sample chamber 11, condenser lens 12, and distilled water sample chamber 13, also comprise the control system (not shown) that to regulate sample temperature and pressure, this nitrogen sample chamber 11 and this distilled water sample chamber 13 are the standard model of known Raman signal, the light beam that this condenser lens 12 can laser focusing device 1 sends produces higher energy.After the light beam of this laser instrument 1 output is injected this calibration sample unit 2, make nitrogen gas generation Raman scattering in it by this nitrogen sample chamber 11, pass through condenser lens 12 again, energy is more assembled, make light beam pass through the center of this this distilled water sample chamber 13, the evaporation of operative liquid water is converted into steam makes it to produce Raman scattering simultaneously.The Raman scattering that produces in the sample chamber 11 and 13 is the first Raman light signal.
Preferably, the below of this calibration sample unit 2 and this laser radar unit 3 has additional support 4,14 respectively, and this calibration sample unit 2 and this laser radar unit 3 are individually fixed on the support 4,14.This support 4,14 is can three-dimensional traversing carriage, and it can drive this calibration sample unit 2 and this laser radar unit 3 moves.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 1, and this steam Raman system also comprises computer system 10, and it is electrically connected with this support 4,14, is used for this support 4 of control, 14 moving direction, and this computer system 10 also is electrically connected with this step motor 7, with the rotation of control step motor 7.This monochromator 6 has the rotation axis 61 of control or prism, this rotation axis 61 is connected with this step motor 7, and computer system 10 these step motor 7 of control, to reach this this rotation axis 61 of control, and then the grating of change monochromator 6 or the position of prism, be in different centre wavelength with control monochromator 6, come monochromator 6 is calibrated.
This signal gathering unit 80 comprises photomultiplier 8 and signal transient registering instrument 9, this photomultiplier 8 is electrically connected with this monochromator 6, this, registering instrument 9 was electrically connected with this computer system 10 in signal wink, was electrically connected by optical fiber 15 between this photomultiplier 8 and this signal transient registering instrument 9.Wherein, the operating voltage of this photomultiplier 8 can be chosen between the 0-850v, and this signal transient registering instrument 9 has simulation counting and two kinds of signal recording modes of photoelectric counting, and it records stronger signal and more weak signal respectively.
In the present invention, laser preferably is installed in this computer system 10 triggers control program, photomultiplier Control of Voltage program, step motor control program, three-dimensional traversing carriage control program and signals collecting software, so that this laser instrument 1, signal gathering unit 80, step motor 7 and support 4,14 are controlled, monochromator is calibrated and the degree of accuracy of atmospheric exploration thereby improve.
Can the atmospheric sounding parameter for this laser radar unit 3, this laser radar unit 3 also comprises laser beam expanding device and echoed signal receiving trap, and this part-structure has belonged to prior art, and the present invention does not repeat them here.
Preferably, the two ends of this conduction optical fiber 5 are respectively equipped with light-intaking tube 51 and a light extraction tube 52 that contains convex lens, light-intaking tube 51 is used for collecting light signal, and light extraction tube 52 then is fixed in the light slit of going into of this monochromator 6, makes the Raman scattering light signal that collects enter monochromator 6 and carries out light splitting.The first Raman light signal that this calibration sample unit 2 and this laser radar unit 3 produce or the second Raman light signal are collected by this light-intaking tube 51, through these conduction optical fiber 5 transmission, again through these light extraction tube 52 outputs.
In the present embodiment, laser instrument 1 is preferably the Nd:YAG solid state laser, and its pulse energy is 100～300mJ, and repetition frequency is 10～50Hz.The precision of step motor 7 is 400 steps/commentaries on classics, the corresponding monochromator 6 center wavelength variation 25nm of revolution, namely step motor whenever takes a step forward, under its control, the corresponding increase of the centre wavelength of monochromator 0.0625nm can adopt the step motor of different step numbers according to required measuring accuracy in the practical application.
When carrying out atmospheric exploration, at first to calibrate monochromator 6.Computer system 10 control supports 4,14 move, and calibration sample unit 2 is aimed at laser instrument 1.Laser instrument 1 sends frequency tripling (355nm) laser beam and enters after the calibration sample unit 2, at first by standard nitrogen sample chamber 11, make the nitrogen gas generation Raman scattering in it, 11 emitting laser planoconvex lenses 12 focus on the center of distilled water sample chamber 13 from the standard nitrogen sample chamber, make the evaporation of operative liquid water be converted into steam and make it to produce Raman scattering simultaneously.All there is constant temperature and pressure control standard nitrogen sample chamber 11 and distilled water sample chamber 13, to guarantee the stable of Raman scattering process environment, the light-intaking tube 51 of Raman scattering Raman first optical signals conduction optical fiber 5 that wherein produces is collected, through 5 transmission of conduction optical fiber, again by these light extraction tube 52 outputs.Enter this monochromator 6, through these monochromator 6 light-splitting processing, by the control of 10 pairs of step motor 7 of computer system, the position of grating or prism in the change monochromator 6, thereby the monochromatic centre wavelength of freely selecting monochromator to tell.The light that monochromator 6 is told directly enters photomultiplier 8 through going out light slit, changes this light signal into electric signal.Electric signal after the conversion is by optical fiber 15 lead-in signal instantaneous state recorders 9, and this signal transient registering instrument 9 is in order to finish collection to the electric signal after the opto-electronic conversion, analog to digital conversion, data processing work such as temporary; By the programmed control in the computer system 10, the frequency of laser instrument 1 emission laser also can be changed by the plug-in of computing machine step motor 7, makes it consistent with the frequency of gathering signal, reduces error with signal transient registering instrument 9.After monochromator calibration work was finished, computer system 10 was controlled and can be moved by three-dimensional mobile support 4,14, removes calibration sample unit 2, and the light inputting end that conducts optical fiber 5 is aimed in bright dipping place of laser radar unit 3, the work of beginning atmospheric exploration.Whole process does not have the change of other elements of system, is guaranteeing under the impregnable condition of original atmospheric exploration work, has reduced system because of the inaccurate error of bringing of monochromator wavelength.
Fig. 3 is the Raman scattering signal of the steam that collects, and this signal has carried out denoising.Because monochromator 6 outgoing actual wavelengths and look the disunity of several wavelength, this signal location look several the position that standard wavelength that wavelength are not in the steam Raman signal should have.Fig. 4 has provided by the distribution with wavelength of the scattering coefficient of the steam Raman signal of 355nm laser excitation, this notional result is disclosed on 1999 196 volumes of the Journal of MolecularSpectroscopy periodical 77-92 page or leaf, thesis topic is " the rotational vibrations Raman cross section of steam in the OH stretch zones " (Ro-vibrational Raman Cross Sections of WaterVapor in the OH Stretching Region), the author is G.Avila etc., has provided the correlation theory and the molecular constant that calculate the steam raman scattering cross section in the literary composition.To utilize result and the monochromator 6 transport function convolution of this theory gained can obtain the actual signal waveform that should export shown in Fig. 5 curve 2, intensity shown in this curve has been carried out normalized, this is the distribution of the steam Raman signal that should collect in theory, the steam Raman signal that Fig. 3 experiment is collected distributes and carries out translation after the normalized, make it to be in and Fig. 5 curve 2 identical best positions, as shown in Figure 5, the curve 1 among figure this moment is exactly the steam Raman scattering signal after normalized that the experiment among Fig. 3 collects.As seen from Figure 5, this moment, the theoretical steam Raman scattering signal that calculates was overlapping well with the signal that experiment collects, know the actual output wavelength of monochromator and the difference of looking several wavelength during by this overlapping optimum condition, in experiment, only need it is deducted and to reduce systematic error.True for refinement, nitrogen also can be used as reference at the Raman signal at 387nm place, can make the many scannings of step motor 7 scope between nitrogen and steam Raman scattering signal wavelength during experiment several times, to subdue accidental error.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly all belongs within the protection domain of the present invention based on the equivalent transformation on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. high-precision steam Raman system of using monochromator splitting, this steam Raman system comprises: monochromator, laser instrument, the laser radar unit, conduction optical fiber, signal gathering unit, and step motor, it is characterized in that, this steam Raman system also comprises the calibration sample unit, the light beam of this laser instrument output is optionally injected this calibration sample unit or laser radar unit, this conduction optical fiber is used for the second Raman light signal of the first Raman light signal of this calibration sample unit generation or the generation of this laser radar unit is passed to this monochromator, this signal gathering unit is electrically connected with this monochromator, be used for the collection to the first Raman light signal or the second Raman light signal, analog to digital conversion, temporal data is handled, this step motor is electrically connected with this monochromator, is used for the control monochromator and is in different centre wavelength.
2. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this calibration sample unit comprises: nitrogen sample chamber, condenser lens, distilled water sample chamber and the control system that can regulate sample temperature and pressure, wherein, the standard model that this nitrogen sample chamber and this distilled water sample chamber are Raman scattering, this condenser lens are used for assembling the light beam of this laser instrument output.
3. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this laser radar unit comprises laser beam expanding device and echoed signal receiving trap.
4. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, at least one support is all set up in this calibration sample unit and below, this laser radar unit, and this calibration sample unit and this laser radar unit are fixed on this support.
5. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, this support is can three-dimensional traversing carriage.
6. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, this steam Raman system also comprises computer system, this computer system is electrically connected with this support, the moving direction that is used for this support of control, this computer system also is electrically connected with this step motor, is used for the movement of this step motor of control.
7. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, this signal gathering unit comprises photomultiplier and signal transient registering instrument, this photomultiplier is electrically connected with this monochromator, and this signal transient registering instrument is electrically connected with this computer system.
8. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this monochromator has the rotation axis of control grating or prism location, this rotation axis is connected with this step motor, by to the control break grating of this step motor or the position of prism, be in different centre wavelength with the control monochromator.
9. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this conduction optical fiber two ends be respectively equipped with light-intaking tube and the light extraction tube that contains convex lens.
10. the high-precision steam Raman system of use monochromator splitting as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, laser is installed in this computer system triggers control program, photomultiplier Control of Voltage program, step motor control program, three-dimensional traversing carriage control program and signals collecting software.
11. a calibrating method that uses the high-precision steam Raman system of monochromator splitting, it includes: (1). the computer system control support moves, and makes the beam alignment of calibration sample unit and laser instrument, and produces first Raman signal;
(2). this first Raman signal of conduction fiber optic conduction is given monochromator;
(3). the computer system control rotation axis changes the position of grating in the monochromator or prism, the monochromatic centre wavelength of selecting monochromator to tell;
(4). the electric signal that signal gathering unit recording light signal transition becomes, and be stored in the computer system.
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| CN103712971A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Device and method for calibrating water vapor Raman laser radar ultraviolet high-resolution grating spectrometer |
| CN104964964A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Portable laser raman spectrometer based on prismatic decomposition |
| CN109343080B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2023-08-18 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method for detecting water vapor by Raman laser radar adopting heterodyne technology and radar system |
| CN113640831B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Micropulse laser radar and method for detecting atmospheric water vapor, temperature and pressure |
| CN114324292B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-10-13 | 大连世佩达光谱智能检测科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for calibrating nondestructive quality inspection of silver or gold nanoparticle film Raman chip |
| CN114441505B (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-08-18 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Water vapor in-situ calibration device for Raman probe, calibration method and application |
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