CN102199683B - Rapid desulfurizing method for smelting ultrapure steel with vacuum induction furnace - Google Patents
Rapid desulfurizing method for smelting ultrapure steel with vacuum induction furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid desulfurizing method for smelting ultrapure steel with a vacuum induction furnace, which comprises the following steps of: calculating the weights of a needed steel scrap raw material, various alloys, carbon granules used as an deoxidizing agent and rare earth wires used as a desulfurizing agent according to the component requirement of steel, and weighing the raw materials; then closing a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing for 3-8 minutes until the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber reaches 0.05-0.1 Pa; carrying out power transmission on the vacuum induction furnace for melting steel, and adding the carbon granules in a chute to molten steel by batches during the steel melting process; maintaining the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber at 0.05-0.1 Pa after steel melting, and continuing vacuumizing for 15-20 minutes; stopping vacuumizing, and introducing argon gas to the vacuum chamber until the pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches 500-700 Pa; adding the various alloys to the molten steel for alloying treatment; adding the desulfurizing agent to the molten steel, stirring, oscillating and standing; and pouring to an ingot mold in a vacuum environment while retaining 2-10% of molten steel. Practice proves that the desulfurizing method provided by the invention employs a precipitation method to desulfurize without slag addition or slag generation, generated desulfurized products are removed through precipitation, rapid desulfurization can be realized, the operation is simple and feasible and the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the vacuum induction furnace smelting technical field, refer to a kind of fast desulfurization method of vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel particularly.
Background technology
The existence of element sulphur can reduce the mechanical property of steel in the steel, increases anisotropy, reduces deep drawability, thereby increases the hot tearing scrap rate.Therefore desulfurization is a difficult problem that must solve for ultra-clean steel.Traditional desulfurization method is to adopt CaO, CaF
2As sweetening agent, its shortcoming is to produce a large amount of slags, and the intensity of skimming during production is big and be difficult to take off to the greatest extent, handles big steel slag and is prone to cause environmental pollution.And the against vacuum induction furnace is smelted, if adopt such scheme to add the slag making in vacuum induction furnace of conventional sweetening agent; Generation slag come-up removes difficulty, influences purity; The broken blank operation time is long, and the molten steel oxygen uptake is serious, is difficult for smelting the ultra-clean steel of total oxygen content below 25ppm.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the fast desulfurization method that high, easy and simple to handle, the with low cost vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel of a kind of desulfuration efficiency will be provided.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the fast desulfurization method of vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) requires to calculate required raw scrap material and various weight alloy and weigh and get material according to composition of steel; Take by weighing the carbon granules that equals raw scrap material weight 0.01～0.05% then and make reductor; Take by weighing the rare-earth wires that equals molten steel weight 0.01～0.035% and make sweetening agent, said reductor and sweetening agent are carried out pre-dried;
The carbon granules that 2) will account for said reductor gross weight 20～40% joins together with raw scrap material in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, and the Vakuumkammer to vacuum induction furnace vacuumizes 3～8min then, makes its vacuum tightness reach 0.05～0.1Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change in the steel process and will remain 60～80% carbon granules through chute and join in the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer is 0.05～0.1Pa, and continues to vacuumize 15～20min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charge into argon gas to pressure 500～700Pa to Vakuumkammer;
6) in molten steel, add said various alloy through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, add said sweetening agent again, agitation cycle 3～10min, vibration crucible 2～10min leaves standstill 3～10min again;
8) in vacuum environment, pour into a mould at last, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould.
Further, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer in the said step 5) is 667Pa.
Further; In the said step 5), after Vakuumkammer charges into argon gas, in molten steel, add again and replenish reductor; Said additional reductor is a kind of in aluminum shot, ferrosilicon or the ferromanganese, and the weight of said additional reductor equals in 0.01～0.02% of said raw scrap material weight.
Again further, in the said step 1) said reductor and sweetening agent being carried out pre-dried is under 250～350 ℃ of temperature, to toast 2～4h.
The know-why of the fast desulfurization method of vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel of the present invention is following:
Because the activity of oxygen is greater than sulphur, the preferential and reactive desulfurizing agent of oxygen meeting during smelting in the molten steel makes the sweetening effectiveness variation, wants the necessary first deoxidation of desulfurization when therefore making steel.The present invention at first carries out deep deoxidation to molten steel and handles; The deoxidation operation is to take by weighing a certain amount of carbon granules earlier to make reductor; The carbon deoxidation generates CO and is easy under vacuum environment, get rid of, and the weight of carbon granules is specifically calculated according to the oxygen level of raw material steel scrap, generally is advisable in 0.01～0.05% of steel scrap gross weight; Must polish for the serious raw scrap material of corrosion simultaneously, reduce the oxygen of bringing into.Raw scrap material and the carbon granules that accounts for said reductor total amount 20～40% are added in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace together, and when changing steel like this, steel scrap can be sloughed the oxygen in the molten steel with carbon granules generation reaction between carbon and oxygen in thaw process, has prolonged the deaeration time of smelting; Then vacuumize 3～8min, make that pressure reaches 0.05～0.1Pa scope in the Vakuumkammer of vacuum induction furnace, can send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace; In the steel thaw process, add remaining 60～80% reductor carbon granules more in batches through chute, so control in batches the killing carbon granules and be because, if it is too big once to add deoxidation dosage; A large amount of carbon and the oxygen vigorous reaction in the molten steel produce a large amount of gases and cause boiling; Cause the loss of molten steel and carbon granule, simultaneously, too violent reaction causes industrial accident easily; And add carbon granules in batches and help homogeneous reaction, deoxidation is more abundant.After steel to be changed finishes, keep the vacuum tightness 0.05～0.1Pa of Vakuumkammer and continue to vacuumize 15～20min, deoxidation is fully carried out.Stop then vacuumizing, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 500～700Pa, is preferably 667Pa.The present invention reaches certain pressure through charging into argon gas after vacuum tightness reaches 0.05～0.1Pa in the Vakuumkammer of control vacuum induction furnace, can reduce the mass concentration of the gas that various need are sloughed in the Vakuumkammer effectively, also promptly reduces CO and A in the stove
2(A
2Be H
2, O
2, N
2Deng gas) dividing potential drop of gas.No matter so then impel is [C]+[O]=CO ↑ or 2 [A]=A2 ↑ degassing reaction all continue to carry out to the right, thereby realize the degassing, the also cycle of faster production and test fast.Treat that the complete back of deoxidation adds alloy according to the requirement of steel design mix through chute and carries out Alloying Treatment in molten steel, and fully circulation makes molten steel interalloy composition arrive design requirements.
Fully after deoxidation and the Alloying Treatment; In molten steel, add the sweetening agent rare-earth wires, adding the rare-earth wires amount is 0.01～0.035% of said raw scrap material weight, agitation cycle 3～10min; After stop to stir; Vibration crucible 2～10min fully reacts rare earth and molten steel, generates stable rare-earth sulfide.Because the rare-earth sulfide density that generated is more a lot of greatly than molten steel density, failure of oscillation does not swing that sulfide can be deposited to crucible bottom under the condition in front and back.Leave standstill 3～10min again and make molten steel sedimentation layering; About 2～10% parts of furnace bottom contain the big rare-earth sulfide of density; Take during cast to keep on file to pour into a mould, promptly in vacuum environment, pour into a mould, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould; Thereby sulphur content is extremely low in the molten steel that has guaranteed to topple over, and then can carry out the demoulding and rolling by common process.
The molten steel that contains a large amount of rare-earth sulfides of being kept on file can be collected concentrated, can obtain rare earth metal after handling through reduction, thereby can realize the recycling of rare earth metal, can reduce production costs greatly like this.
Sulfur method of the present invention is through carrying out deep deoxidation to molten steel earlier; Adopt resourceful rare earth as sweetening agent again; Generate stable and density than the big a lot of rare-earth sulfides of molten steel, after stirring, vibrate, leaving standstill, take the method for similar " washing the sand ", let sulfide precipitation at furnace bottom; Keep on file again to pour into a mould products obtained therefrom sulphur content≤15ppm.Sulfur method of the present invention does not add slag, not slag making through adopting precipitator method desulfurization, and the desulfurization product deposition of generation removes, and can realize desulfurization rapidly, and easy to operation, with low cost, controllability is strong.Simultaneously before desulfurization, take an amount of carbon granules deoxidation, can make simultaneously that the product total oxygen content reaches below the 25ppm, sulphur content is smelted less than the ultra-clean steel of 15ppm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment method of the present invention is done further explain:
Embodiment 1
Smelt certain steel, its each composition weight percentage composition requires to be C≤150ppm, Si≤0.03%, Mn:0.6～1.0%, P≤0.01%, S≤15ppm.
1) requirement calculates and needs clean technically pure iron 47kg, carbon granules 5g according to composition of steel, replenishes reductor Al ball (purity >=99%) 5g, and metal M n is 400g, and rare-earth wires 15g toasts 4h to pre-deoxidant and alloy under 250 ℃ of temperature;
2) carbon granules with technically pure iron and 1g adds in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace; Be placed on remaining 4g carbon granules in the chute that adds alloy; Manganese metal and rare-earth wires are put into feed bin, then Vakuumkammer are vacuumized 3min, make the vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer reach 0.05～0.1Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change steel and occur evenly adding the 4g carbon granules in the chute behind the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer is 0.05～0.1Pa, and continues to vacuumize 20min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 700Pa; In molten steel, add the 5gAl ball and replenish deoxidation treatment;
6) in molten steel, add manganese metal agitation cycle 3～5min through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, stop to stir behind adding rare-earth wires agitation cycle 3～10min again, front and back vibration crucible 2～10min leaves standstill 3～10min;
8) last, in vacuum environment, to pour into a mould, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould.
Mould material is contained oxygen sulphur content detected result is:
S、15ppm；O、20ppm
Embodiment 2
Smelt certain steel, its each composition weight percentage composition requires to be C≤150ppm, Si≤0.03%, Mn:0.6～1.0%, P≤0.01%, S≤15ppm.
1) requirement calculates and needs clean technically pure iron 47kg, reductor carbon granules 8g according to composition of steel, and metal M n is 400g, and rare-earth wires 20g toasts 4h to pre-deoxidant and alloy under 250 ℃ of temperature;
2) carbon granules with technically pure iron and 1.5g adds in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace; Be placed on remaining 6.5g carbon granules in the chute that adds alloy; Manganese metal and rare-earth wires are put into feed bin, then Vakuumkammer are vacuumized 8min, make the vacuum tightness in the Vakuumkammer reach 0.08～0.1Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change steel and occur evenly adding the 6.5g carbon granules in the chute behind the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the interior vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer is 0.08～0.1Pa, and continues to vacuumize 15min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 667Pa;
6) in molten steel, add manganese metal agitation cycle 3～5min through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, stop to stir behind adding rare-earth wires agitation cycle 3～10min again, front and back vibration crucible 2～10min leaves standstill 3～10min;
8) last, in vacuum environment, to pour into a mould, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould.
Mould material is contained oxygen sulphur content detected result is:
S、12ppm；O、22ppm
Embodiment 3
Smelt certain steel, its each component weight percent content requires to be C≤150ppm, Si≤0.03%, Mn:0.6～1.0%, P≤0.01%, S≤15ppm.
1) requirement calculates and needs clean technically pure iron 47kg, carbon granules 10g according to composition of steel, replenishes reductor ferrosilicon ball 8g, and metal M n is 400g, and rare-earth wires 25g toasts 2h to pre-deoxidant and alloy under 350 ℃ of temperature;
2) carbon granules with technically pure iron and 4g adds in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace; Be placed on remaining 6g carbon granules in the chute that adds alloy; Manganese metal and rare-earth wires are put into feed bin, then Vakuumkammer are vacuumized 5min, make the vacuum tightness in the Vakuumkammer reach 0.05～0.08Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change steel and occur evenly adding the 6g carbon granules in the chute behind the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the interior vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer is 0.05～0.08Pa, and continues to vacuumize 18min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 500Pa, in molten steel, adds ferrosilicon ball 8g and replenishes deoxidation treatment;
6) in molten steel, add manganese metal agitation cycle 3～5min through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, stop to stir behind adding rare-earth wires agitation cycle 3～10min again, front and back vibration crucible 2～10min leaves standstill 3～10min;
8) last, in vacuum environment, to pour into a mould, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould.
Mould material is contained oxygen sulphur content detected result is:
S、8ppm；O、18ppm
Embodiment 4
Smelt certain steel, its each component weight percent content requires to be C≤150ppm, Si≤0.03%, Mn:0.6～1.0%, P≤0.01%, S≤15ppm.
1) requirement calculates and needs clean technically pure iron 47kg, carbon granules 15g according to composition of steel, and metal M n is 400g, and rare-earth wires 25g toasts 3h to pre-deoxidant and alloy under 300 ℃ of temperature;
2) carbon granules with technically pure iron and 3g adds in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace; Be placed on remaining 12g carbon granules in the chute that adds alloy; Manganese metal and rare-earth wires are put into feed bin and then Vakuumkammer are vacuumized 3min, make the vacuum tightness in the Vakuumkammer reach 0.05～0.08Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change steel and occur evenly adding the 12g carbon granules in the chute behind the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the interior vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer is 0.05～0.08Pa, and continues to vacuumize 20min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 667Pa;
6) in molten steel, add manganese metal agitation cycle 3～5min through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, stop to stir behind adding rare-earth wires agitation cycle 3～10min again, front and back vibration crucible 2～10min leaves standstill 3～10min;
8) last, in vacuum environment, to pour into a mould, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould.
Mould material is contained oxygen sulphur content detected result is:
S、8ppm；O、20ppm
Embodiment 5
Smelt certain steel, its each component weight percent content requires to be C≤150ppm, Si≤0.03%, Mn:0.6～1.0%, P≤0.01%, S≤15ppm.
1) requirement calculates and needs clean technically pure iron 47kg, carbon granules 12g according to composition of steel, and metal M n is 400g, and rare-earth wires 30g toasts 4h to pre-deoxidant and alloy under 250 ℃ of temperature;
2) carbon granules with technically pure iron and 2.5g adds in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace; Be placed on remaining 9.5g carbon granules in the chute that adds alloy; Manganese metal and rare-earth wires are put into feed bin and then Vakuumkammer are vacuumized 3min, make the vacuum tightness in the Vakuumkammer reach 0.08～0.1Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change steel and occur evenly adding the 9.5g carbon granules in the chute behind the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the interior vacuum tightness of vacuum induction furnace is 0.08～0.1Pa, and continues to vacuumize 18min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 700Pa;
6) in molten steel, add manganese metal agitation cycle 3～5min through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, stop to stir behind adding rare-earth wires agitation cycle 3～10min again, front and back vibration crucible 2～10min leaves standstill 3～10min;
8) last, in vacuum environment, to pour into a mould, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2～10% not pour into ingot mould.
Mould material is contained oxygen sulphur content detected result is:
S、7ppm；O、25ppm
Can find out through above embodiment detected result, can satisfy the utmost point low levels of element sulphur≤15ppm, oxygen element≤25ppm in the molten steel after adopting the fast desulfurization method of vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel of the present invention to handle.
Claims (5)
1. the fast desulfurization method of a vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel, each composition weight percentage composition of said ultra-clean steel requires to be C≤150ppm, Si≤0.03%, Mn:0.6 ~ 1.0%, P≤0.01%, S≤15ppm, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) requires to calculate required technically pure iron and various weight alloy and weigh and get material according to composition of steel; Take by weighing the carbon granules that equals technically pure iron weight 0.01 ~ 0.05% then and make reductor; Take by weighing the rare-earth wires that equals molten steel weight 0.01 ~ 0.035% and make sweetening agent, said reductor and sweetening agent are carried out pre-dried;
The carbon granules that 2) will account for said reductor gross weight 20 ~ 40% joins together with technically pure iron in the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, and the Vakuumkammer to vacuum induction furnace vacuumizes 3 ~ 8min then, makes its vacuum tightness reach 0.05 ~ 0.1Pa;
3) send electrochemical steel to vacuum induction furnace, change in the steel process and will remain 60 ~ 80% carbon granules through chute and join in the molten steel in batches;
4) change steel and finish, keeping the vacuum tightness of Vakuumkammer is 0.05 ~ 0.1Pa, and continues to vacuumize 15 ~ 20min;
5) stop to vacuumize, charge into argon gas to pressure 500 ~ 700Pa to Vakuumkammer;
6) in molten steel, add said various alloy through chute then, carry out Alloying Treatment;
7) in molten steel, add said sweetening agent again, agitation cycle 3 ~ 10min, vibration crucible 2 ~ 10min leaves standstill 3 ~ 10min again;
8) in vacuum environment, pour into a mould at last, furnace bottom stays the molten steel that accounts for gross weight 2 ~ 10% not pour into ingot mould.
2. according to the fast desulfurization method of the said vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the said step 5), charging into argon gas to pressure to Vakuumkammer is 667Pa.
3. according to the fast desulfurization method of claim 1 or 2 said vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steels; It is characterized in that: in the said step 5); After Vakuumkammer charges into argon gas; In molten steel, add to replenish reductor again, said additional reductor is a kind of in aluminum shot, ferrosilicon or the ferromanganese, and the weight of said additional reductor equals 0.01 ~ 0.02% of said technically pure iron weight.
4. according to the fast desulfurization method of claim 1 or 2 said vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steels, it is characterized in that: in the said step 1), it is under 250 ~ 350 ℃ of temperature, to toast 2 ~ 4h that said reductor and sweetening agent are carried out pre-dried.
5. according to the fast desulfurization method of the said vacuum induction furnace smelting ultra-clean steel of claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the said step 1), it is under 250 ~ 350 ℃ of temperature, to toast 2 ~ 4h that said reductor and sweetening agent are carried out pre-dried.
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| CN104946851B (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-04-12 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Smelting method capable of lowering O in ultra-low carbon steel water in vacuum induction furnace to be no greater than 0.001 percent |
| CN108456819B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-12-03 | 东北大学 | A kind of control method of hyperfine cutting wire steel inclusion plastification |
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| CN108950359A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-07 | 东北大学 | A method of improving photovoltaic industry cutting wire steel tensile strength and cleanliness |
| CN109628696B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-04-27 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Vacuum melting process of aluminum-free low-oxygen steel |
| CN113774277B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-03-25 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Ultra-low carbon and ultra-low manganese industrial pure iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN113930690A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-14 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | High-purity low-carbon steel and preparation method thereof |
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