CN102195363A - Charging and discharging device and method for super capacitor - Google Patents
Charging and discharging device and method for super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102195363A CN102195363A CN2010101305070A CN201010130507A CN102195363A CN 102195363 A CN102195363 A CN 102195363A CN 2010101305070 A CN2010101305070 A CN 2010101305070A CN 201010130507 A CN201010130507 A CN 201010130507A CN 102195363 A CN102195363 A CN 102195363A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a charging and discharging device for a super capacitor, which comprises a storage module and a discharging module. The storage module includes the super capacitor who charges and be used for the stored energy to super capacitor voltage-sharing, and the module of charging includes DC/DC the control unit and vary voltage unit, and DC/DC the control unit is used for carrying out the constant current control of charging to the capacitor bank, when Uc is Ug, stops constant current and charges, carries out the voltage-sharing to the capacitor bank and charges, when Uc is Umax, stops to charge, and the vary voltage unit is used for adjusting DC/DC the control unit's output voltage. The discharging module includes an output control unit for performing DC/DC conversion on the voltage and outputting the voltage. The embodiment of the invention also provides a charging and discharging method for the super capacitor. According to the embodiment of the invention, each super capacitor unit can be charged to a rated voltage, and the ideal charging speed and the highest charging efficiency can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of batteries, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of charge and discharge device and method based on super capacitor.
Background technology
Rechargeable type power supply at present commonly used mainly contains based on the lead acid accumulator fuel cell of chemical reaction etc. with based on the super capacitor power cabinet of physical reactions.Wherein, mainly there are problems such as the charge and discharge cycles number of times is few, the charging interval is long, discharging current is little, the recycling pollution is big in chemical cell, and application in a lot of fields all has some insoluble bottleneck problems.The super capacitor that came into vogue from 2008, monomer have been accomplished 5400 farads/2.7 volts capacity, become the desirable carrier that discharges and recharges.Super capacitor is meant the big electric capacity of the common capacitor of Capacity Ratio.Because its capacity is very big, externally performance is identical with battery, therefore also has to be called " capacitor batteries ".Super capacitor belongs to double electric layer capacitor, it is dropped into capacity maximum in the double electric layer capacitor of volume production in the world a kind of, the double electric layer capacitor of its basic principle and other kind is the same, all is the capacity that utilizes the double electrical layers acquisition super large of active carbon porous electrode and electrolyte composition.It is fast to have charging rate, and it is long to recycle the life-span, and large current discharging capability is superpower, the energy conversion efficiency height, characteristics such as process loss is little therefore, super capacitor has been widely adopted to discharging and recharging carrier.
Because operating voltage is on the low side, in the occasion that needs high pressure output, need a large amount of super capacitor tandem workings, therefore need to solve all pressures problem between each capacitor.The volume of super capacitor power cabinet that is nominally 22 farads/540 volts at present is near 1 cubic metre.And discharge the time generally only is put into 0.5Uc, is a kind of waste to capacitance.How solving all pressures problem between the super capacitor and improve its discharging efficiency, is the current subject matter that faces.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of charge and discharge device that is used for super capacitor, this device can guarantee that each electric capacity monomer can both be charged to rated voltage, and super capacitor can guarantee stable output voltage when Uc discharges between 0.1Uc.
For achieving the above object, the one side of embodiments of the invention has proposed a kind of charge and discharge device that is used for super capacitor, described charge and discharge device comprises memory module and discharge module, and described memory module is used for charging and stored energy, and described memory module comprises charging module and super capacitor.
Described charging module is used for super capacitor is all pressed charging, described charging module comprises DC/DC control unit and voltage transformation unit, described DC/DC control unit is used for the capacitor group that each super capacitor constitutes is carried out constant current charge control, when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equals turnover control voltage U g, stop constant current charge, described capacitor group is all pressed charging, when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equals described capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax, stop charging
Described super capacitor is used for stored energy;
Described discharge module is used for described super capacitor discharge, and described discharge module comprises output control unit, and described output control unit is used for voltage is carried out DC/DC conversion and output voltage.
The embodiment of the invention a kind of charging/discharging thereof that is used for super capacitor proposed on the other hand, described charging method comprises the steps:
Charging module carries out constant current charge to the capacitor group that each super capacitor constitutes, and when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equaled turnover control voltage U g, described charging module stopped constant current charge;
Described charging module is all pressed charging to described each super capacitor, when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equals described capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax, stops charging,
Described charging method comprises the steps:
Discharge module discharges to described super capacitor, by the Buck-Boost circuit voltage is carried out DC/DC conversion and output voltage.
According to embodiments of the invention, can guarantee that each super capacitor monomer can both be charged to rated voltage, and desirable charging rate and the highest charge efficiency are arranged.And when super capacitor discharges between 0.1Uc at Uc, can guarantee regulated output voltage.By such scheme, guarantee that the charge and discharge device of the present invention's design has maximum charge/discharge capacity.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the charge and discharge device block diagram that is used for super capacitor according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the DC/DC control unit of charging device among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram according to the middle charging module of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram according to the middle memory module of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram according to the charge and discharge device of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the FB(flow block) according to the charging/discharging thereof of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In order to realize the present invention's purpose, the invention discloses a kind of charge and discharge device that is used for super capacitor, as shown in Figure 1, this charge and discharge device 10 comprises memory module 11 and discharge module 12.Memory module 11 further comprises charging module 110 and super capacitor 111.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 2, DC/DC control unit 1101 comprises processor MPU1101a, Buck chopper 1101b, constant-current controller 1101c, rectification and filter 1101d, voltage-stabilizing controller 1101e and A/D converter 1101f.
Wherein, MPU1101a is as the storage control centre of DC/DC control unit 1101.
Buck chopper 1101b reduces the input voltage from signal source.In the present embodiment, the integrated manipulator of Buck chopper 1101b selective maturation in order to regulate feedback network, makes every group to be output as 2.8V.
Rectification and filter 1101d are used for the adjusted voltage of Buck chopper 1101b is carried out rectification and filtering.Voltage behind the rectifying and wave-filtering is carried out voltage stabilizing by voltage-stabilizing controller 1101e handle, obtain stable analog voltage signal.
A/D converter 1101f is converted to digital voltage with above-mentioned aanalogvoltage.Under the driving of above-mentioned digital voltage, constant-current controller 1101c carries out constant current charge control to super capacitor 1101.
In conjunction with Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, specifically, DC/DC control unit 1101 carries out large current charge by constant-current controller 1101c to the capacitor group that each super capacitor 111 constitutes, and comprising: at first the capacitor group is carried out constant current charge with big electric current,
When Uc=Ug, stop constant current charge, each super capacitor 111 in the capacitor group is all pressed charging, wherein, Uc is the terminal voltage of capacitor group, Ug is turnover control voltage;
When Uc=Umax, whole capacitor device group is full of, and cuts off charge power supply, stops charging, and wherein Umax is a capacitor group maximum charging voltage, U
Max>U
g
In addition, DC/DC control unit 1101 also comprises voltage transformation unit 1102, and voltage transformation unit 1102 is the coil windings transformer.This transformer is used for the output voltage of DC/DC control unit 1101 is adjusted.
Preferably, voltage transformation unit 1102 is for being operated in the magnetic saturation voltage stabilizing transformer of 50/60Hz.
Preferably, voltage transformation unit 1102 can also be the small and exquisite high-frequency switch power transformer of volume.
Wherein, when the capacitor group comprised N super capacitor monomer, transformer secondary output exported rare N group output winding to, was used for giving simultaneously the battery charging of N the monomer series-connected composition of super capacitor.Wherein, N is a positive integer.
In the present embodiment, between super capacitor 111 monomers for being connected in series.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, super capacitor 111 is chosen the withstand voltage 2.5V that is, capacity is the super capacitor of 2400F.When initial, the terminal voltage of three super capacitor C1, C2 and C3 is respectively U
C1=2.5V, U
C2=1.7V, U
C3=0.9V.Maximum terminal voltage U
Max=7.5V.Three super capacitor series connection with above-mentioned parameter.To link to each other with voltage transformation unit 1102 by diode by the capacitor group that above-mentioned super capacitor constitutes.Wherein, the forward voltage drop of diode is VD
On=0.25V.
The error range of considering super capacitor is the fail safe that guarantees to implement about 30%, Ug is set at 60% of Umax.When Uc=Ug=60%Umax=4.5V, stop constant current charge, each super capacitor is all pressed charging.
Through all pressure chargings in about 40 minutes, the terminal voltage of three super capacitors reached U
C1=U
C2=U
C3=2.55V, the charging effect ideal.Because three super capacitors are series relationship, therefore satisfying super terminal voltage Uc is approximately equal to capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax.At this moment, constant-current controller 111c has cut off charge power supply, stops charging.
In the present embodiment, the transformer in the voltage transformation unit 1102, elementary winding are 96 circles, secondary every group 4 circle.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 1, charge and discharge device 10 comprises also and is used for discharge module 12 that super capacitor 111 is discharged that discharge module 12 further comprises output control unit 121.
After constant-current controller 1101c stopped charging, 12 pairs of super capacitors 111 of discharge module discharged, and 121 pairs of voltages of output control unit carry out DC/DC conversion and output voltage.
Preferably, output control unit 121 is the Buck-Boost circuit, adopts the Buck-Boost circuit can obtain stable output voltage and the maximum energy release of realization.In the present embodiment, the Buck-Boost circuit of output control unit 121 discharges between Uc and 0.1Uc to super capacitor 111.
Preferably, when charge and discharge device 10 is applied to high-power output equipment, electric automobile for example, above-mentioned Buck-Boost circuit can omit.
Preferably, output control unit 121 adopts the circuit of other similar Buck-Boost, realizes the DC/DC conversion to voltage, also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Charge by above-mentioned charge and discharge device, phase I adopts big electric current to save the charging interval, later stage is adopted constant voltage/all pressure chargings, can realize all pressures problem between each monomer automatically, both guaranteed to be full of, can solve the control problem of discharging slowly again, solution reduces to cause capacity to reduce problem because of large current charge makes the effecting reaction surface of carbon electrode and micropore utilance, realizes the best configuration of ultracapacitor.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, charge and discharge device 10 also comprises frame mainboard 20, and this frame mainboard 20 comprises a plurality of slots.Above-mentioned charging module 110 and super capacitor 111 common formation memory modules 11 are placed in the slot of this frame mainboard.When needs improve the electric energy energy storage, can promptly memory module 11 be expanded by in the slot of frame mainboard 20, continuing to assign memory module 11, to realize different operating voltages and total capacitance electric weight.
According to the charge and discharge device that the embodiment of the invention provides, can guarantee that each electric capacity monomer can both be charged to rated voltage, and desirable charging rate and the highest charge efficiency are arranged.According to discharge circuit of the present invention, make super capacitor when Uc discharges between 0.1Uc, can guarantee stable output voltage, guaranteed that this device has maximum charge/discharge capacity.
The embodiment of the invention a kind of charging/discharging thereof that is used for super capacitor is provided on the other hand, in conjunction with shown in Figure 6, this method may further comprise the steps:
S601: charging module 110 carries out constant current charge to the capacitor group that each super capacitor constitutes, and when the terminal voltage Uc of capacitor group equals turnover control voltage U g, stops constant current charge.
110 pairs of capacitor groups that are made of super capacitor of charging module are carried out big electric current constant current charge, when Uc=Ug, stop constant current charge, and wherein, Uc is the terminal voltage of capacitor group, and Ug is turnover control voltage.
In the present embodiment, super capacitor 111 is chosen the withstand voltage 2.5V that is, capacity is the super capacitor of 2400F.When initial, the terminal voltage of three super capacitor C1, C2 and C3 is respectively U
C1=2.5V, U
C2=1.7V, U
C3=0.9V.Maximum terminal voltage U
Max=7.5V.Three super capacitor series connection with above-mentioned parameter.Therefore, the terminal voltage Uc of capacitor group is U
C1, U
C2With U
C3Sum.
The error range of considering super capacitor is the fail safe that guarantees to implement about 30%, Ug is set at 60% of Umax.When Uc=Ug=60%Umax=4.5V, charging module 110 stops constant current charge.
S602: charging module 110 is all pressed charging to each super capacitor, when the terminal voltage Uc of capacitor group equals capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax, stops charging.
After stopping constant current charge, charging module 110 is all pressed charging to each super capacitor 111, and when Uc=Umax, whole capacitor device group is full of, and cuts off charge power supply, stops charging, and wherein Umax is a capacitor group maximum charging voltage, U
Max>U
g
I in the present embodiment all presses charging through about 40 minutes, and the terminal voltage of three super capacitors reaches U
C1=U
C2=U
C3=2.55V, the charging effect ideal.Because three super capacitors are series relationship, therefore satisfying super terminal voltage Uc is approximately equal to capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax.At this moment, cut off charge power supply, stop charging.
And 1102 pairs of voltage transformation unit go up the output voltage that removes the acquisition of charging back and adjust.Employing is operated in magnetic saturation voltage stabilizing transformer or the small and exquisite high-frequency switch power transformer of volume of 50/60Hz and adjusts.Wherein, when the capacitor group comprised N super capacitor monomer, 1102 levels of voltage transformation unit exported rare N group output winding to, were used for giving simultaneously the battery charging of N the monomer series-connected composition of super capacitor.Wherein, N is a positive integer.
In the present embodiment, the elementary winding of voltage transformation unit 1102 is 96 circles, secondary every group 4 circle.
S603: discharge module 12 discharges to super capacitor by the Buck-Boost circuit.
After charging module 110 stopped charging, 12 pairs of above-mentioned super capacitors of discharge module discharged.Adopting the Buck-Boost circuit that voltage is carried out the DC/DC conversion obtains stable output voltage and realizes that maximum energy discharges.
In the present embodiment, the Buck-Boost circuit can discharge between Uc and 0.1Uc to super capacitor 111.
Preferably, when the method that the present invention relates to is applied to high-power output equipment, electric automobile for example, above-mentioned Buck-Boost circuit can omit.
Charge by above-mentioned charging/discharging thereof, phase I adopts big electric current to save the charging interval, later stage is adopted constant voltage/all pressure chargings, can realize all pressures problem between each monomer automatically, both guaranteed to be full of, can solve the control problem of discharging slowly again, solution reduces to cause capacity to reduce problem because of large current charge makes the effecting reaction surface of carbon electrode and micropore utilance, realizes the best configuration of ultracapacitor.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that and realize that all or part of step that the foregoing description method is carried is to instruct relevant hardware to finish by program, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, this program comprises one of step or its combination of method embodiment when carrying out.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in the processing module, also can be that the independent physics in each unit exists, and also can be integrated in the module two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated module both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, also can adopt the form of software function module to realize.If described integrated module realizes with the form of software function module and during as independently production marketing or use, also can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium.
The above-mentioned storage medium of mentioning can be a read-only memory, disk or CD etc.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a charge and discharge device that is used for super capacitor is characterized in that, described charge and discharge device comprises memory module and discharge module, and described memory module is used for charging and stored energy,
Described memory module comprises charging module and super capacitor,
Described charging module is used for super capacitor is all pressed charging, described charging module comprises DC/DC control unit and voltage transformation unit, described DC/DC control unit is used for the capacitor group that each super capacitor constitutes is carried out constant current charge control, when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equals turnover control voltage U g, stop constant current charge, described capacitor group is all pressed charging, when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equals described capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax, stop charging, described voltage transformation unit is used for the output voltage of described DC/DC control unit is adjusted
Described super capacitor is used for stored energy;
Described discharge module is used for described super capacitor discharge, and described discharge module comprises output control unit, and described output control unit is used for voltage is carried out DC/DC conversion and output voltage.
2. charge and discharge device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described DC/DC control unit comprises Buck chopper, constant-current controller, rectification and filter, voltage-stabilizing controller and A/D converter,
Described Buck chopper is used for the reduction input voltage;
Described constant-current controller is used for described super capacitor is carried out constant current charge;
Described rectification and filter are used for adjusted voltage is carried out rectification and filtering;
Described voltage-stabilizing controller is used for the voltage stabilizing processing is carried out in rectification and filtered voltage;
Described A/D converter is used for aanalogvoltage is converted to digital voltage.
3. charge and discharge device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described voltage transformation unit is that operating frequency is positioned at 50 to 60Hz magnetic saturation voltage stabilizing transformer or high-frequency switch power transformer.
4. charge and discharge device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described transformer secondary output output is at least N group output winding, and the batteries that is used for simultaneously N described super capacitor being formed is charged, and wherein, N is a positive integer.
5. charge and discharge device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, between the described N super capacitor for being connected in series.
6. charge and discharge device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described output control unit is the Buck-Boost circuit.
7. charge and discharge device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described charge and discharge device also comprises the frame mainboard, is used to connect described memory module and described discharge module.
8. a charging/discharging thereof that is used for super capacitor is characterized in that, described charging method comprises the steps:
Charging module carries out constant current charge to the capacitor group that each super capacitor constitutes, and when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equaled turnover control voltage U g, described charging module stopped constant current charge;
Described charging module is all pressed charging to described each super capacitor, when the terminal voltage Uc of described capacitor group equals described capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax, stops charging,
Described charging method comprises the steps:
Discharge module discharges to described super capacitor, by the Buck-Boost circuit voltage is carried out DC/DC conversion and output voltage.
9. charging method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described turnover control voltage U g is less than described capacitor group maximum charging voltage Umax.
10. charging/discharging thereof as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, by described Buck-Boost circuit described super capacitor is discharged between Uc and 0.1Uc.
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Cited By (5)
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CN102403771A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-04-04 | 北京奥特美克科技发展有限公司 | Floating charge circuit of lead acid battery |
CN102570800A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-11 | 上海微频莱机电科技有限公司 | Constant-voltage output device |
CN105006860A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-28 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Controllable charge and discharge apparatus and voltage-equalizing circuit of a supercapacitor based on apparatus |
CN105406574A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-16 | 无锡江南计算技术研究所 | High-efficiency supercapacitor charger |
CN114924117A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-19 | 江阴长仪集团有限公司 | Monitoring circuit and monitoring method for super capacitor in electric energy meter |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102403771A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-04-04 | 北京奥特美克科技发展有限公司 | Floating charge circuit of lead acid battery |
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CN105006860A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-28 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Controllable charge and discharge apparatus and voltage-equalizing circuit of a supercapacitor based on apparatus |
CN105006860B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2018-06-26 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | A kind of equalizer circuit of controllable charge and discharge device and the super capacitor based on this device |
CN105406574A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-16 | 无锡江南计算技术研究所 | High-efficiency supercapacitor charger |
CN114924117A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-19 | 江阴长仪集团有限公司 | Monitoring circuit and monitoring method for super capacitor in electric energy meter |
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Application publication date: 20110921 |