CN102193018B - System and method for sensing an amplifier load current - Google Patents
System and method for sensing an amplifier load current Download PDFInfo
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- CN102193018B CN102193018B CN201110035084.9A CN201110035084A CN102193018B CN 102193018 B CN102193018 B CN 102193018B CN 201110035084 A CN201110035084 A CN 201110035084A CN 102193018 B CN102193018 B CN 102193018B
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- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
- G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/181—Low-frequency amplifiers, e.g. audio preamplifiers
- H03F3/183—Low-frequency amplifiers, e.g. audio preamplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/187—Low-frequency amplifiers, e.g. audio preamplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/321—Use of a microprocessor in an amplifier circuit or its control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/426—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier comprising circuitry for protection against overload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/462—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the current being sensed
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method for sensing a load current that flows from an amplifier into a load of the amplifier involves obtaining a voltage drop across internal impedance of the amplifier and computing the load current using the internal impedance and the voltage drop across the internal impedance.
Description
Technical field
Embodiments of the invention generally relate to electronic system, more specifically relate to the system and method for sensing amplifier load current.
Background technology
The load current that flows into the load of amplifier from amplifier provides power to load.Often need sensing load current with guard amplifier and load.In addition, the sensing value of load current can be used for the behavior of sign, prediction and control load.
Traditional load current detection technology comprises the additional by-passed resistor (shunt resistor) that setting is connected with load, and measures the voltage drop on by-passed resistor.Voltage drop on by-passed resistor is directly proportional to load current, is inversely proportional to the resistance value of by-passed resistor.But, add additional by-passed resistor and increased the assembly cost for sensing load current.Except assembly cost increases, by-passed resistor generally also has low resistance to amplifier and load are not impacted, and the signal therefore sending by amplifier and load is not affected by by-passed resistor.In addition,, in order to use the resistance value computational load electric current of by-passed resistor, by-passed resistor must maintain constant resistance value conventionally, is also like this even if environment temperature may change.Temperature-insensitive (temperature insensitive) by-passed resistor that processing has low-resistance value needs SC effort, thereby is difficult to sensing load current.Therefore, need a kind of system and method that does not use by-passed resistor for sensing amplifier load current.
Summary of the invention
The system and method for load current that sensing flows into the load of amplifier from amplifier comprises: obtain the voltage drop the internal driving of amplifier, and use the voltage drop computational load electric current on internal driving and internal driving.Compared with comprising the conventional load current sense technology that the additional by-passed resistor of connecting with load is set and measures the voltage drop on by-passed resistor, carrying out computational load electric current with the voltage drop on internal driving and the internal driving of amplifier does not need additional by-passed resistor.Remove additional by-passed resistor and realized the load current of simple economy ground sensing from the load of amplifier inflow amplifier.
In an embodiment, a kind of method of load current that flows into the load of amplifier from amplifier for sensing comprises: obtain the voltage drop the internal driving of amplifier; And use the voltage drop computational load electric current on internal driving and internal driving.
In an embodiment, a kind of system that flows into the load current of the load of amplifier from amplifier for sensing comprises voltage acquiring unit and computing unit.Voltage acquiring unit is configured to obtain the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier.Computing unit is configured to use the voltage drop computational load electric current on internal driving and internal driving.
In an embodiment, the system that flows into the load current of the load of amplifier for sensing from amplifier comprises derived digital signal, digital to analog converter, analog to digital converter and digital signal processing module.Derived digital signal is configured to generating digital input voltage.Digital to analog converter is configured to digital input voltage to transfer to for analog input voltage, and wherein analog input voltage is applied to amplifier to generate analog output voltage.Analog to digital converter is configured to analog output voltage to be converted to digital output voltage.Digital signal processing module is configured to: digital input voltage is multiplied by the gain factor of amplifier to produce voltage product, calculate voltage difference between digital output voltage and voltage product as the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier, and use voltage drop and internal driving computational load electric current on internal driving.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In conjunction with the accompanying drawing of the formal description principle of the invention with example, other aspects and the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention will be known by following detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram that flows into the system of the load current of the load of amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention for sensing from amplifier.
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the system of Fig. 1 of (DSP) assembly that has digital signal processing.
Fig. 3 A and 3B show the impedance curve of two different example loudspeaker.
Fig. 4 is the processing flow chart that flows into the method for the load current of the load of amplifier for sensing from amplifier.
In whole instructions, similar Reference numeral can be for identifying similar part.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram that flows into the system 100 of the load current of the load 104 of amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention for sensing from amplifier 102.Amplifier can directly be electrically coupled to the load of amplifier.The load of amplifier is the electrical part of being powered by load current.For example, the load of amplifier is loudspeaker.As shown in Figure 1, system comprises voltage acquiring unit 106 and computing unit 108.Although in the embodiment in figure 1, voltage acquiring unit and computing unit are separated, and in other embodiments, voltage acquiring unit can integrate with computing unit.
In the embodiment in figure 1, voltage acquiring unit 106 is coupled to input terminal 110 and the lead-out terminal 112 of amplifier 102.Amplifier has internal driving 114, also referred to as the output impedance of amplifier.In the embodiment in figure 1, internal driving is the internal electrical impedance of amplifier.The internal driving of amplifier can depend on frequency.In other words, the internal driving of amplifier can depend on the frequency of operation of internal driving.Or the internal driving of amplifier can be independent of the frequency of operation of internal driving.For example, internal driving can be resistance.In the case, the internal driving of amplifier is represented by the resistance that is independent of frequency.Voltage acquiring unit is configured to obtain the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier.
V＝I*Z，(1)
Wherein V represents the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier, and I represents load current, and * represents convolution algorithm symbol, and Z represents the internal driving of amplifier.V, I and Z can be expression formulas or discrete time expression formula continuous time.For example, internal driving Z can be by frequency domain transfer function Z (ω) or time-domain pulse response Z (t) or discrete time equivalent Z[k] characterize.
V＝V
in×G-V
out＝I*Z，(2)
Wherein V represents the voltage drop on internal driving, V
inrepresent input voltage, × representing multiplication operator, G represents gain factor ,-expression subtraction operator, V
outrepresent output voltage, I represents load current, and * represents convolution algorithm symbol, and Z represents internal driving.V, V
in, V
out, Z and I can be expression formula or discrete time expression formula continuous time.
In an embodiment, computing unit 108 is also configured to obtain at calibration phase the value of the internal driving 114 of amplifier 102, or obtains the internal driving model relevant with the frequency of operation of amplifier from the manufacturer of amplifier amplifier 102.In the embodiment in figure 1, computing unit comprises optional storer 116, and optional storer 116 is configured to store internal driving value and the load current value of amplifier.The load current of storage can be used for the behavior of sign, prediction and control load 104.
Can sensing load current, and the by-passed resistor of connecting with load 104 is not set and measures the voltage drop on by-passed resistor.For example, the system 100 in the embodiment of Fig. 1 does not comprise the by-passed resistor of connecting with load.In the embodiment in figure 1, by obtain the voltage drop on the internal driving 114 of amplifier 102 and use internal driving and internal driving on voltage drop computational load electric current, carry out sensing load current.Arrange with the additional by-passed resistor of load series connection and measure compared with the conventional load current sense technology of the voltage drop on by-passed resistor with comprising, obtain the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier and use internal driving and internal driving on voltage drop computational load electric current make not need additional by-passed resistor.Add the additional by-passed resistor of connecting with load and increased the assembly cost for sensing load current.By removing additional by-passed resistor, reduce the assembly cost for sensing load current.In addition, additional by-passed resistor be generally temperature-insensitive and generally there is low-resistance value.The temperature-insensitive by-passed resistor that processing has low-resistance value needs SC effort, and this has increased the difficulty of sensing load current.By removing additional by-passed resistor, can process arduously the temperature-insensitive by-passed resistor with low-resistance value by SC, reduce the difficulty of sensing load current.
In certain embodiments, the internal driving 114 of amplifier 102 is the resistance that is independent of frequency.Computing unit 108 may not known the resistance of amplifier, or the understanding of the resistance of computing unit to amplifier may be accurate not.In the case, the system 100 of Fig. 1 can only be calculated the signal being directly proportional to load current.Although can not computational load electric current, for some application, the signal being directly proportional to load current may be just enough.For example, in the application of loudspeaker linearityization, know that the signal being directly proportional to load current is enough to estimate position and the width of harmonic peak in the impedance curve of loudspeaker.The position of harmonic peak and width can produce enough information to carry out linearization operation.
Can utilize easily DSP assembly to realize the system 100 of Fig. 1.Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the system of the Fig. 1 with DSP assembly.As shown in Figure 2, system 200 comprises derived digital signal (DSS) 202, digital to analog converter (DAC) 204, analog to digital converter (ADC) 206 and DSP module 208.System configuration is sensing flows into load 212 (being loudspeaker in the case) load current from amplifier 210.The functionally similar function of the voltage acquiring unit 106 of the embodiment of DSS, DAC, ADC and the execution of DSP module and Fig. 1, the functionally similar function of the computing unit 108 of the embodiment of the execution of DSP module and Fig. 1.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, DSS 202 is configured to generating digital input voltage " V
in[k] ", wherein k represents discrete time index (index).By digital input voltage " V
in[k] " offer DSP module 208, and be applied to DAC 204.Although in the embodiment of Fig. 2, DSS separates with DSP module, in other embodiments, DSS can be together with DSP module integration.
ADC 206 is coupling between amplifier 210 and loudspeaker 212, and is configured for analog output voltage V
out(t) be converted to digital output voltage " V
out[k] ".By digital output voltage V
out[k] offers DSP module 208 for computational load electric current.
V[k]＝V
in[k]×G-V
out[k]＝I[k]*Z[k]，(3)
Wherein V[k] represent the voltage drop on the internal driving of discrete time, × representing multiplication operator, G represents the voltage gain factor of amplifier, V
in[k] × G represents voltage product ,-represent subtraction operator, I[k] represent that the load current of discrete time, * represent convolution algorithm symbol, Z[k] represent the internal driving of discrete time.
System 100,200 in the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2 can be for for example amplifier protection, loudspeaker protection, loudspeaker output maximization, loudspeaker response linearization and loudspeaker voice coil (voice coil) temperature detection.System in the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2 can be for generating impedance curve, and described impedance curve represents the function between electrical impedance and the frequency of operation of load of load 104,212 of amplifier 102,210.For example, DSS 202 provides test signal to DSP module 208 and DAC 204, for example white noise fragment.To be applied to amplifier 210 from the output of DAC.The output voltage of amplifier is offered to ADC 206 and is applied to load 212.DSP module is used the output V from ADC
out[k] and from the test signal computational load electric current I [k] of DSS.Can be by output voltage V
out[k] and load current I[k] be transformed to frequency domain equivalent V
out(ω) and I (ω), wherein ω represents the frequency of operation of amplifier and load.In the time that load termination is arrived to ground, in frequency domain, the impedance of load, output voltage V
out(ω) can be expressed as with load current I (ω):
V
out(ω)＝Z
load(ω)×I(ω)，(4)
Wherein Z
load(ω) impedance of expression load, × multiplication operator represented, because the multiplying of frequency domain is corresponding to the convolution algorithm of time domain.In the time that load is loudspeaker, impedance curve produces the information relevant with electroacoustic (electro-acoustical) characteristic of loudspeaker, and this Information Availability is in the behavior of prediction and control loudspeaker.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B show the impedance curve that two different example loudspeaker and traditional by-passed resistor compare, and wherein said two different example speaker are used the system 100,200 in the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2.For all impedance curves, X-axis represents the frequency of operation of load, and Y-axis represents the amplitude " | z| " of the electrical impedance of loudspeaker.The impedance curve of two different example loudspeaker is represented by solid line and dotted line respectively.Fig. 3 A shows two impedance curves that the system in the embodiment that uses Fig. 1 and 2 generates.Fig. 3 B shows another two impedance curves that use traditional by-passed resistor to generate.As shown in Figure 3 A and Figure 3 B, two impedance curves that the system in the embodiment of use Fig. 1 and 2 generates are almost identical with another two impedance curves that use traditional by-passed resistor to generate.Compared with using traditional by-passed resistor generation impedance curve, the system in the embodiment of use Fig. 1 and 2 generates impedance curve utilization assembly still less and has obtained identical effect.
Fig. 4 is the processing flow chart that flows into the method for the load current of the load of amplifier for sensing from amplifier.At frame 402, obtain the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier.At frame 404, use the voltage drop computational load electric current on internal driving and internal driving.
More than describe or the various assemblies of illustrated embodiment or unit can be by being stored in computer-readable medium, hardware or being stored in software in computer-readable medium and the combination of hardware realizes.For example, the DSP module in the embodiment of the computing unit in the embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be realized by processor.
Although the operation of method is herein shown and has described with particular order, and the sequence of operation of the method can change, thereby specifically operation can be carried out in reverse order, or can carry out with other operations at least in part simultaneously.In another embodiment, can carry out with intermittence or interlace mode instruction or the child-operation of different operating.
In addition, although describe above or illustrated specific embodiment of the present invention comprises herein and to describe or illustrated several assembly, other embodiment of the present invention can comprise still less or more assembly to realize still less or more function.
In addition,, although described and illustrated specific embodiment of the present invention, the invention is not restricted to particular form or the layout of description like this and illustrated part.Scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (20)
1. a method that flows into the load current of the load of amplifier for sensing from amplifier, the method comprises:
Obtain the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier; And
Use the voltage drop computational load electric current on internal driving and internal driving;
Wherein obtain the voltage drop on described internal driving as the voltage difference between output voltage and the voltage product of amplifier, the input voltage that described voltage product is amplifier is multiplied by the gain factor of amplifier.
2. method according to claim 1, is wherein expressed as the voltage drop on internal driving, load current and internal driving:
V＝I*Z，
Wherein V represents the voltage drop on internal driving, and I represents load current, and * represents convolution algorithm symbol, and Z represents internal driving.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein sensing load current and do not measure the voltage drop on by-passed resistor.
4. method according to claim 1, the voltage drop of wherein obtaining on internal driving comprises:
The input voltage of measuring amplifier;
The output voltage of measuring amplifier;
Input voltage is multiplied by the gain factor of amplifier to produce voltage product; And
Voltage difference between calculating output voltage and voltage product is as the voltage drop on internal driving.
5. method according to claim 4, is wherein expressed as the voltage drop on load current, internal driving, internal driving, input voltage, output voltage and gain factor:
V＝V
in×G-V
out＝I*Z，
Wherein V represents the voltage drop on internal driving, V
inrepresent input voltage, G represents gain factor, V
out, representing output voltage, I represents load current, and * represents convolution algorithm symbol, and Z represents internal driving.
6. method according to claim 1, the voltage drop of wherein obtaining on internal driving comprises:
Use derived digital signal generating digital input voltage;
Use digital to analog converter that digital input voltage is converted to analog input voltage;
Analog input voltage is applied to amplifier, and generates analog output voltage;
Use analog to digital converter to convert analog output voltage to digital output voltage;
Use digital signal processing module is multiplied by digital input voltage the gain factor of amplifier to produce voltage product; And
Use digital signal processing module to calculate voltage difference between digital output voltage and voltage product as the voltage drop on internal driving.
7. method according to claim 6, is wherein expressed as the voltage drop on load current, internal driving, internal driving, digital input voltage, digital output voltage and gain factor:
V[k]＝V
in[k]×G-V
out[k]＝I[k]*Z[k]，
Wherein V[k] represent the voltage drop on the internal driving of discrete time, k represents the index of discrete time, V
in[k] representative digit input voltage, G represents gain factor, V
out[k] representative digit output voltage, I[k] represent the load current of discrete time, * represents convolution algorithm symbol, Z[k] represent the internal driving of discrete time.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein the load of amplifier comprises loudspeaker.
9. method according to claim 2, wherein the internal driving of amplifier depends on frequency.
10. method according to claim 2, wherein the internal driving of amplifier is the resistance that is independent of frequency.
11. 1 kinds flow into the system of the load current of the load of amplifier from amplifier for sensing, this system comprises:
Voltage acquiring unit, is configured for the voltage drop on the internal driving that obtains amplifier; And
Computing unit, is configured for the voltage drop computational load electric current using on internal driving and internal driving;
Wherein voltage acquiring unit is configured to obtain the voltage drop on described internal driving as the voltage difference between output voltage and the voltage product of amplifier, and the input voltage that described voltage product is amplifier is multiplied by the gain factor of amplifier.
12. systems according to claim 11, are wherein expressed as the voltage drop on internal driving, load current and internal driving:
V＝I*Z，
Wherein V represents the voltage drop on internal driving, and I represents load current, and * represents convolution algorithm symbol, and Z represents internal driving.
13. systems according to claim 11, wherein this system does not comprise the by-passed resistor of connecting with load.
14. systems according to claim 11, wherein voltage acquiring unit is also configured for:
The input voltage of measuring amplifier;
The output voltage of measuring amplifier;
Input voltage is multiplied by the gain factor of amplifier to produce voltage product; And
Voltage difference between calculating output voltage and voltage product, as the voltage drop on internal driving, is wherein expressed as the voltage drop on load current, internal driving, internal driving, input voltage, output voltage and gain factor:
V＝V
in×G-V
out＝I*Z，
Wherein V represents the voltage drop on internal driving, V
inrepresent input voltage, G represents gain factor, V
out, representing output voltage, I represents load current, and * represents convolution algorithm symbol, and Z represents internal driving.
15. systems according to claim 11, wherein the internal driving of amplifier is represented by the resistance that is independent of frequency.
16. systems according to claim 11, wherein the load of amplifier comprises loudspeaker.
17. 1 kinds flow into the system of the load current of the load of amplifier from amplifier for sensing, this system comprises:
Derived digital signal, is configured for generating digital input voltage;
Digital to analog converter, is configured for digital input voltage is converted to analog input voltage, wherein analog input voltage is applied to amplifier, to generate analog output voltage;
Analog to digital converter, is configured for analog output voltage is converted to digital output voltage; And
Digital signal processing module, be configured for the gain factor that digital input voltage is multiplied by amplifier to produce voltage product, calculate voltage difference between digital output voltage and voltage product as the voltage drop on the internal driving of amplifier, and use voltage drop and internal driving computational load electric current on internal driving.
18. systems according to claim 17, are wherein expressed as the voltage drop on load current, internal driving, internal driving, digital input voltage, digital output voltage and gain factor:
V[k]＝V
in[k]×G-V
out[k]＝I[k]*Z[k]，
Wherein V[k] represent the voltage drop on the internal driving of discrete time, k represents the index of discrete time, V
in[k] representative digit input voltage, G represents gain factor, V
out[k] representative digit output voltage, I[k] represent the load current of discrete time, * represents convolution algorithm symbol, Z[k] represent the internal driving of discrete time.
19. systems according to claim 17, wherein this system does not comprise the by-passed resistor of connecting with load.
20. systems according to claim 17, wherein the load of amplifier comprises loudspeaker.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/702,204 | 2010-02-08 | ||
| US12/702,204 US8319507B2 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2010-02-08 | System and method for sensing an amplifier load current |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102193018A CN102193018A (en) | 2011-09-21 |
| CN102193018B true CN102193018B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110035084.9A Active CN102193018B (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-01-30 | System and method for sensing an amplifier load current |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8319507B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2365345B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102193018B (en) |
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| JP5033375B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社 ペンジュラム | Protection circuit and load current detection circuit |
| US7449959B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-11-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Methods and apparatus to detect impedance at an amplifier output |
| CN101183142B (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2011-03-16 | 李庆兰 | On-line measurement method of accumulator cell essential resistance, electrical current work module and accumulator cell essential resistance on-line measurement instrument |
-
2010
- 2010-02-08 US US12/702,204 patent/US8319507B2/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-01-30 CN CN201110035084.9A patent/CN102193018B/en active Active
- 2011-02-01 EP EP11152847.7A patent/EP2365345B1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102193018A (en) | 2011-09-21 |
| EP2365345A2 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| EP2365345B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
| US20110193578A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| EP2365345A3 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| US8319507B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
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