CN102192828B - Low temperature wind tunnel - Google Patents
Low temperature wind tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102192828B CN102192828B CN 201010117065 CN201010117065A CN102192828B CN 102192828 B CN102192828 B CN 102192828B CN 201010117065 CN201010117065 CN 201010117065 CN 201010117065 A CN201010117065 A CN 201010117065A CN 102192828 B CN102192828 B CN 102192828B
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Abstract
The invention provides a low temperature wind tunnel. The low temperature wind tunnel comprises a liquid nitrogen source, a tunnel body (3) with an entrance, a driving system (1) and a switching mechanism, wherein the tunnel body (3) comprises a mixing chamber (31) communicated with the entrance, a stabilizing section (32) positioned on the downstream of the mixing chamber as well as a bypass section (33) and a test section (34) which are positioned on the downstream of the stabilizing section (32) and can be communicated with the stabilizing section (32) in a disconnected way, wherein the bypass section (33) and the test section (34) are arranged in parallel; the mixing chamber (31) comprises at least one spraying opening (311) used for spraying the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen source into the mixing chamber (31); the driving system is used for generating a gas flow flowing from the inlet to the bypass section (33) and/or the test section (34) in the tunnel body (3); and the switching mechanism is used for enabling any section of the bypass section (33) and the test section (34) to be communicated with the stabilizing section (32).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind-tunnel, relate in particular to a kind of cryonetic wind tunnel.
Background technology
Wind-tunnel is to produce artificial airflow and can observe interactional plumbing installation between air-flow or air-flow and the object.In this device, can cause the zone of one section in check air current flow.Wind-tunnel is the most widely used instrument in aerodynamic studies and the experiment, and its generation and development are that the development with aerospace science is closely related.For multiple application need, especially satisfy developmental flight device performance demands, must improve the Reynolds number of wind-tunnel.Margoulis notices under the situation that reduces the test gas temperature, can improve Reynolds number, and reduces driving air-flow circulation power demand, and dynamic pressure can significantly not increase, and just proposes the cryonetic wind tunnel notion as far back as nineteen twenty.Since the beginning of the seventies, various countries build cryonetic wind tunnel one after another.
Cryonetic wind tunnel is compared with the other types wind-tunnel has outstanding advantage in some aspects, and has built up large-scale cryonetic wind tunnel.Remain improvements but still exist.For example, existing cryonetic wind tunnel structure is mostly very complicated, and not only floor area is big, its initial stage design and building cost costliness, and the operating cost of unit interval is very high in the later stage use, and the maintenance of the back equipment that breaks down simultaneously also quite bothers.Chinese patent publication number CN1083587A discloses the cryonetic wind tunnel that a kind of nationality heat separator reduces stagnation temperature, this wind-tunnel adopts the energy of gases at high pressure as refrigeration, the gases at high pressure that are in operation descend by temperature behind the shock tube, make gas temperature further reduce by throttling valve afterwards, reach the test temperature requirement, but still have shortcomings such as equipment complexity, noise are big, the difficult acquisition of high-pressure air source.
In addition, existing wind-tunnel needs to stop in order to change test model and to change test condition usually.Especially cryonetic wind tunnel for make in the test section some parameter for example temperature just put into test model after reaching predetermined value, usually need to open drive system by the time the environment in the test section reaches under the situation about wanting earlier, stop and put into test model and then unlatching, this may cause the lost of life and the operating cost height of each parts of wind-tunnel, and test model can because of stop and then restart between time dilation be affected continuity that can not warranty test.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, task of the present invention provide a kind of with liquid nitrogen as low-temperature receiver and relatively simple for structure and minimized even avoided to use in the cryonetic wind tunnel that stops.
The invention provides a kind of cryonetic wind tunnel, it comprises: liquid nitrogen source; Hole body with inlet, this hole body comprises the mixing chamber that is communicated with this inlet, the test section and the bypass section that are positioned at the stable section in this mixing chamber downstream and all are positioned at this stable section downstream and can be disconnected to be communicated with this stable section, wherein this test section and this bypass section are arranged in parallel, and wherein this mixing chamber comprises and being used for the liquid nitrogen spraying of liquid nitrogen source at least one mouth spray in the mixing chamber; Drive system, it is used for producing the air-flow that flows to test section and/or bypass section from this inlet at the hole body; Be used for making described test section and arbitrary section switching mechanism that is communicated with described stable section of described bypass section.
Construction of wind tunnel according to the present invention is fairly simple, and by this bypass section and switching mechanism, being convenient to pipeline switches, therefore carrying out as dispense with parking during operation in test section such as sample replacing, guarantee the continuity of test like this, restarted a large amount of energy consumptions that cause after having avoided simultaneously stopping.In addition, as low-temperature receiver, make that the cooling rate of wind-tunnel is very fast, reduce the early-stage preparations time with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen obtains easily and is easy to use simultaneously, and cost is not high in addition, unit consumption of energy is low.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, mixing chamber vertically arrange and described hole body go into mouth down, described drive system is from the described inlet air-flow of jetting up.
According to an embodiment, this at least one mouth spray comprises a plurality of mouth sprays that are arranged on the mixing chamber wall.According to further preferred embodiment, described a plurality of mouth sprays are along the circumferential arrangement of mixing chamber, and these a plurality of mouth sprays are configured to along the tangential liquid nitrogen of slightly down jetting of the interior week of mixing chamber.This configuration is particularly conducive to liquid nitrogen and mixes with the even of air-flow.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, it is spaced apart and towards the longitudinal center axis winding-up liquid nitrogen of mixing chamber that described a plurality of mouth sprays are arranged in the vertical direction.
Mixing chamber preferably includes the wire mesh structure that is arranged in the mouth spray top.Further, wire mesh structure comprises spaced apart multilayer net up and down, and the order number of each layer net successively increases from the bottom up, be that mesh is by big and little, guarantee that air-flow mixes with liquid nitrogen is full and uniform, filter out solid impurity possible in the air-flow simultaneously, and suitable to the resistance of air-flow.
According to another preferred embodiment, described mixing chamber comprises wire mesh structure, and wherein said wire mesh structure is provided with described at least one mouth spray that is communicated with liquid nitrogen source.
According to embodiments of the invention, described test section has transparent observation district, and wherein this observation district is coated with antifog material on a side that contacts with air-flow.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, described switching mechanism comprises the valve that is separately positioned on test section and stable section and bypass section and stable section junction.
According to further aspect of the present invention, the external side in described hole is provided with thermal insulating warm-keeping layer.
Description of drawings
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cryonetic wind tunnel of the present invention, wherein not shown thermal insulating warm-keeping layer;
Fig. 2 is the test section schematic cross-section;
Fig. 3 is according to the cut-open view of the mixing chamber of hole of the present invention body, wherein shows the thermal insulating warm-keeping layer that is arranged on the external side in hole;
Fig. 4 is another embodiment according to the mixing chamber of cryonetic wind tunnel of the present invention, wherein shows another kind of mouth spray arrangement form.
Embodiment
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is for the preferred embodiment according to cryonetic wind tunnel of the present invention being shown, not planning to limit the invention to embodiment shown in the drawings that accompanying drawing is provided.In addition, accompanying drawing needn't be drawn in strict accordance with ratio and corresponding relation.On the contrary, in order clearly to describe the present invention, part accompanying drawing or some feature may be exaggerated, omission, transparence or dissect.
Referring to Fig. 1, show cryonetic wind tunnel of the present invention.As shown in the figure, this cryonetic wind tunnel comprises drive system 1 generally, movable supporting frame 2, hole body 3, thermal insulating warm-keeping layer 4 (referring to Fig. 3).In an illustrated embodiment, drive system 1 comprises blower fan 11 and base 12.Blower fan 11 is fixed on the movable supporting frame by base 12.For example wind speed is definite according to some required parameter of test section for power of fan, and in one embodiment, for example power of fan is 3kW.Have the inlet that is communicated with drive system according to hole of the present invention body 3, and also comprise mixing chamber 31, stable section 32, bypass section 33 and test section 34.As shown in the figure, the mixing chamber 31 of this hole body 3 is vertically to place, and this hole body go into mouth down.As shown in the figure, the movable supporting frame 2 that is used for support drive system 1 and hole body 3 is positioned at the bottom of whole wind-tunnel, and is also coupled thereby blower fan 11 also is positioned at the below of this inlet, the air-flow thereby blower fan can up be jetted in hole body 3.Though show movable supporting frame 2, what can expect is also to adopt stent support drive system 1 and the hole body 3 that fixes on the ground.The design that drive system 1 is positioned at the bottom of hole body 3 can alleviate the vibrations that movable supporting frame 2 carries, and improves the stability of total system.
Hole body 3 is major parts of wind-tunnel, air enters from the inlet under shed of hole body 3, flow through successively and be close to the mixing chamber 31 of this inlet, process is positioned at the stable section 32 in the downstream of this mixing chamber 31, and flow to test section and/or bypass section in stable section 32 downstreams, shown in the direction of arrow among Fig. 1.Mixing chamber 31 is vertically to place as mentioned above, and stable section 32 is communicated with this mixing chamber 31 at the place, top of mixing chamber 31, and stable section 32 bends down from this top as shown in the figure.
Continuation is connected with test section 34 and bypass section 33 referring to Fig. 1 in parallel in the downstream of stable section 32.As shown in the figure, this test section 34 and bypass section 33 are preferably all horizontally disposed, but are appreciated that the arrangement that also can adopt other (for example test section still be arranged horizontally but the bypass section is arranged) is as long as test section and bypass section are parallel way down or up.
The end that test section 34 is communicated with stable section 32 is provided with valve 341, and this test section 34 can be realized being communicated with or cutting off with stable section 32 by this valve 341.The end that bypass section 33 is communicated with stable section 32 also is provided with valve 331, and this bypass section 33 can realize being communicated with or cutting off with stable section 32 by this valve 331.In this embodiment, switching mechanism comprises described valve 331 and 341, and they are used between test section 34 and the bypass section 33 switches.For example handle described valve 331 and 341 (switching mechanisms), select test section 34 or bypass section 33 to be connected with stable section 32.Switching mechanism can comprise other can be between test section and bypass section device for switching, for example be separately positioned on test section and bypass section and stable section junction the valve that links at work each other reciprocally (promptly at work the valve in the closing test section simultaneously the valve in the moving bypass section in area open).Wind-tunnel can also comprise the measurement mechanism (not shown) that is arranged in the test section, and this measurement mechanism is used for the selected parameter (for example temperature) of experiment with measuring section.For example, when the measured value of this selected temperature reached predetermined threshold value, for example the artificially operation shifting mechanism switched to bypass section 33 with air-flow and puts into test model, and then test section 34 is got back to the air-flow switching in the artificially.Be appreciated that measurement mechanism can also be used to measure the various test parameterss of the model that will test.
In addition, further preferably wind-tunnel also has control device, the value that this control device for example is used for the selected parameter that records when measuring system surpasses or can handle switching mechanism when reaching predetermined threshold value air-flow is switched to the bypass section, automatically air-flow is switched back test section again through after the certain hour then, perhaps return test section by operating personnel's manual switchover.The control device that is furnished with measurement mechanism and is associated with this measurement mechanism is favourable for the robotization of wind tunnel test.
Continuation is referring to Fig. 1, test section 34 also has viewing section 342, for example (centre has interlayer to this viewing section 342 by transparent double-deck organic glass, in be vacuum or charge into the gas that can not condense under the experimental temperature, as nitrogen) make, and be coated with antifog material at this viewing section and the contacted side of air-flow (promptly inboard).Antifog material for example can be commercially available conventional antifog material or be used for specific environment and special antifog material.Be understandable that this viewing section 342 can substitute with a transparent view window, as long as the situation that operating personnel can be from visual observation to test section inside.The configuration of test section 34 and size are determined according to the size and the required wind speed of testing sample.For example shown in Figure 2, test section can be to have the pipe shape that internal diameter is 200mm, and this structure obtains the comparatively air-flow of uniformity easily in pipeline.But be appreciated that except round section test section can have the structure of other geometric configuration.Get back to Fig. 1, test section 34 and bypass section 33 are openings at the end away from stable section 32, so this wind-tunnel is an open-circuit tunnel.What can expect is diffuser can also be provided and discharge the downstream that section is arranged test section, can also devices such as exhaust box be set at test section or its downstream portion section.Perhaps other reclaim the device of cold.
Refer now to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 and describe mixing chamber 31 in the hole body 3 particularly, mixing chamber has and is formed for chamber that liquid nitrogen mixes with air-flow and the chamber wall that defines this chamber, and the level cross-sectionn of mixing chamber is annular usually.Vertically a plurality of liquid nitrogen spraying mouths 311 have been arranged in the compartment of terrain on upright mixing chamber 31.These mouth sprays are used for liquid nitrogen spraying with external liquid nitrogen source (not shown) in mixing chamber 31.The spray direction of illustrated described mouth spray 311 is towards longitudinal center's axis of mixing chamber.As described above, the airflow direction of blower fan 11 winding-ups makes progress, and liquid nitrogen tends to move downward under action of gravity, so air-flow can mix well with liquid nitrogen.Preferably, near mouth spray 311, be furnished with wire mesh structure and be beneficial to further mixing.For example, horizontally disposed on the entire cross section of certain distance at mixing chamber on each mouth spray 311 have a corresponding copper mesh.As shown in the figure, 4 mouth sprays 311 are furnished with 4 copper mesh 312 accordingly, and the order number that the preferably copper netting gear has is successively to become big from the bottom up, and such being arranged in helps the mixing of liquid nitrogen and evaporation and minimizing air current flow resistance aspect can obtain good balance.In addition, as shown in the figure, mouth spray 311 in the vertical directions equally spaced are arranged on the side of mixing chamber, what can expect is, mouth spray has different arrangements, for example in the vertical direction uniformly-spaced but arrange with a side that two mode is arranged on the mixing chamber or presents spiral and be arranged on the mixing chamber with rising, perhaps the interval of in the vertical direction etc. is not arranged on the mixing chamber on ground.The design of many mouth sprays allows a plurality of liquid nitrogen storage tanks are connected to mixing chamber simultaneously, has avoided having guaranteed the continuity of test because of changing the test interruption that liquid nitrogen storage tank causes, and can also lengthen working hours simultaneously.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, described mixing chamber has roughly a plurality of mouth sprays 311 along the mixing chamber circumferential arrangement.More preferably, as shown in Figure 4, a plurality of mouth sprays 311 roughly are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and these a plurality of mouth sprays 311 help to form eddy flow in air-flow round the circumference of mixing the chamber wall, thereby are beneficial to the even mixing of liquid nitrogen.These a plurality of mouth sprays 311 for example can be like this in the mixing chamber horizontal tangential winding-up liquid nitrogen in week make liquid nitrogen form eddy flow along the direction that is rotated counterclockwise.More preferably, mouth spray is arranged like this, thereby can form the component of horizontal tangential and vertically tangential both direction along the liquid nitrogen of tangentially slightly down jetting in interior week, the horizontal tangential component helps forming eddy flow, vertically downward tangentially helps the liquid nitrogen and the airflow of blower fan winding-up to collide helping to mix.Although being depicted as a plurality of mouth sprays in the drawings is arranged on the roughly same surface level, but what can expect is to be arranged in the vertical direction isolated " multilayer ", wherein every layer all has at least one mouth spray of as above describing the ground layout, and liquid nitrogen is to form eddy flow thereby circumferentially slightly jet down in the edge.The direction that each layer winding-up forms eddy flow can be the same or different.The number of the mouth spray that each layer had can be the same or different.
In another unshowned preferred embodiment, mixing chamber 31 can comprise the wire mesh structure that is arranged in the mixing chamber chamber, wire mesh structure can be hollow and which is provided with a plurality of liquid nitrogen spraying mouths (preferably spraying) down, and the mouth spray of this wire mesh structure is communicated with liquid nitrogen source.Such layout advantageous particularly, because its mechanism and spraying mechanism of helping to mix are combined into one, and described liquid nitrogen spreading all over the entire cross section ejection of mixing chamber, this is particularly conducive to the even mixing of liquid nitrogen.In this embodiment, on the mixing chamber wall mouth spray can be set.
In a preferred embodiment, described mouth spray is all installed the middle and lower part of mixing chamber, and liquid nitrogen can have big stroke to mix helping in mixing chamber to mix in this case.
As shown in Figure 3, be furnished with thermal insulating warm-keeping layer 4 in the mixing chamber outside, the external side in fact whole hole all is furnished with thermal insulating warm-keeping layer.Its effect is the heat interchange that reduces interior low-temperature airflow of wind-tunnel and external environment condition, reduces to leak thermal loss, thereby reduces the consumption of liguefied nitrogen, reduces the wind tunnel operation cost.
The operation of the open-circuit tunnel of illustrated compression according to the present invention is below described.For example power of fan is 3kW, and the test section internal diameter is 200mm.As shown in Figure 1, comprise that the drive system 1 of blower fan 11 and base 12 is positioned at the bottom of hole body 3, and the inlet of blower fan 11 upper ends and hole body 3 be communicated with preferably sealed with anti-gas-leak along the edge.Before opening, wind-tunnel keep valve 331 to close and valve 341 is opened.Open blower fan 11 when wind-tunnel of the present invention is started working, air draught enters mixing chamber 31 bottoms.Liquid nitrogen sprays into from mouth spray 311, at the gravity of liquid nitrogen and upwards under the interaction of the air-flow of winding-up and after successively passing through copper mesh 312, low temperature nitrogen and the air draught that sprays into fully mix, and the equally distributed low-temperature airflow of formation temperature enters stable section 32 afterwards.Low-temperature airflow forms the stable low-temperature airflow of high speed through stable section 32 backs, enters at last in the test section 34, and air-flow actual measurement speed can reach 29m/s in test section.After reaching the required condition of test by the air-flow in the measuring system validation test section 34 when testing required threshold value (temperature low to), valve-off 341 is opened valve 331 simultaneously, and air-flow enters in the changeable bypass section 33.Rapidly sample to be tested is put into organic glass section 342, in valve-off 331, open valve 341 afterwards, low-temperature airflow is switched in the test section 34, and operating personnel can be by the transparent state variation of organic glass section 342 observation samples in test, the line correlation record of going forward side by side.Last air-flow is discharged to the atmospheric environment from organic glass section 342, has so far finished the flow process of working air current in cryonetic wind tunnel of the present invention.Perhaps can switch to the bypass section again, carry out continuous test after the replacing specimen.
The cryonetic wind tunnel of embodiment shown in the present is an open system, compares with the wind-tunnel of remaining silent, and it is simple in structure, takes up an area of space little (highest point only is that floor area is less than 10 square meters about 3m apart from floor level), and installation cost is low, and is convenient to install maintenance.
Above embodiment only is the representational example of the present invention, just for the present invention is described, and is not to be limitation of the invention, can make other multi-form distortion according to given above-mentioned explanation those skilled in the art.Here need not also can't give exhaustive, and be within protection scope of the present invention based on the present invention drew be equal to, change or change still to all embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. a cryonetic wind tunnel is characterized in that it comprises: liquid nitrogen source; Hole body (3) with inlet, this hole body (3) comprises mixing chamber (31), stable section (32) that is positioned at this mixing chamber downstream that is communicated with this inlet and bypass section (33) and the test section (34) that all is positioned at this stable section (32) downstream and can be disconnected to be communicated with this stable section (32), wherein this bypass section (33) and this test section (34) are arranged in parallel, and wherein this mixing chamber (31) comprises and being used for the liquid nitrogen spraying of liquid nitrogen source at least one mouth spray (311) in the mixing chamber (31); Drive system (1), it is used for producing the air-flow that flows to bypass section (33) and/or test section (34) from this inlet at hole body (3); Make described bypass section (33) and arbitrary section switching mechanism that is communicated with described stable section (32) of described test section (34) with being used for, wherein, described test section (34) and bypass section (33) are openings at the end away from stable section (32).
2. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, mixing chamber (31) vertically arrange and described hole body (3) go into mouth down, described drive system (1) is from the described inlet air-flow of jetting up.
3. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described at least one mouth spray comprises a plurality of mouth sprays that are arranged on the mixing chamber wall, described a plurality of mouth spray is along the circumferential arrangement of mixing chamber, and these a plurality of mouth sprays are configured to along the tangential liquid nitrogen of slightly down jetting of the interior week of mixing chamber (31).
4. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described at least one mouth spray comprises and is arranged on a plurality of mouth sprays that mix on the chamber wall, and it is spaced apart and towards longitudinal center's axis winding-up liquid nitrogen of mixing chamber (31) that described a plurality of mouth sprays are arranged in the vertical direction.
5. according to each described cryonetic wind tunnel in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that described mixing chamber (31) comprises the wire mesh structure that is arranged in the mouth spray top.
6. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described wire mesh structure comprises spaced apart multiple layer metal silk screen up and down, and the order number of described multiple layer metal silk screen successively increases from the bottom up.
7. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described mixing chamber (31) comprises wire mesh structure, and wherein said wire mesh structure is provided with described at least one mouth spray that is communicated with liquid nitrogen source.
8. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described test section (34) has transparent observation district (342), and wherein this observation district (342) is coated with antifog material on a side that contacts with air-flow.
9. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described switching mechanism comprises the valve (331,341) that is separately positioned on test section and stable section and bypass section and stable section junction.
10. cryonetic wind tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the external side in described hole is provided with thermal insulating warm-keeping layer (4).
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| CN 201010117065 CN102192828B (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Low temperature wind tunnel |
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| CN 201010117065 CN102192828B (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Low temperature wind tunnel |
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| CN102192828B true CN102192828B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102621907B (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2013-11-13 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Constant temperature wind tunnel control system |
| CN104961109B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-10-10 | 李远明 | A kind of cryonetic wind tunnel nitrogen gas recovering apparatus and recovery method |
| CN106950031B (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2023-02-28 | 西北工业大学 | Liquid nitrogen jetting device of continuous high-speed wind tunnel cooling system |
| CN107192531B (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2019-08-09 | 西北工业大学 | Continous way transonic wind tunnel hydrojet nitrogen pull-down test operation method |
| CN107014582B (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2023-02-28 | 西北工业大学 | Total temperature bent frame for continuous high-speed wind tunnel liquid-spraying nitrogen cooling system |
| CN107219056B (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2023-05-26 | 西北工业大学 | Liquid nitrogen spraying experiment section of continuous high-speed wind tunnel cooling system |
| CN109238624B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-08-23 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | A kind of mixing chamber for plasma wind tunnel |
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