CN102191509A - Low-cost hydrogen production method by water electrolysis capable of occurring over a wide power supply voltage range - Google Patents
Low-cost hydrogen production method by water electrolysis capable of occurring over a wide power supply voltage range Download PDFInfo
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- CN102191509A CN102191509A CN2009101632510A CN200910163251A CN102191509A CN 102191509 A CN102191509 A CN 102191509A CN 2009101632510 A CN2009101632510 A CN 2009101632510A CN 200910163251 A CN200910163251 A CN 200910163251A CN 102191509 A CN102191509 A CN 102191509A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraflufen-ethyl Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(C=2C(=C(OC(F)F)N(C)N=2)Cl)=C1F APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel method of hydrogen production, especially relates to a low cost method of producing hydrogen used as living fuel and vehicle fuel. A system comprises electric energy input apparatuses (A1, A2,..., An), reverse voltage stabilization apparatuses (B1, B2,..., Bn), an electrolytic tank (C), and a hydrogen storage apparatus (D). A main function of the system is to utilize external energy such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, and wave energy effectively. The energy is transmitted into direct current with a constant output voltage through the electric energy input apparatuses and the reverse voltage stabilization apparatuses. The direct current is supplied to the electrolytic tank for hydrogen production by water electrolysis to generate hydrogen with high purity. The problem of natural separation of hydrogen and oxygen is solved by an effective storage method, and hidden danger of mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is eliminated, so as to realize safe storage of hydrogen. In addition, costs of hydrogen preparation and storage can be reduced dramatically according to the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of water electrolysis hydrogen production cheaply, in particular for a kind of hydrogen production process cheaply as life fuel and vehicle fuel.
Background technology
One of problem of the maximum that energy-conserving and environment-protective at present face be carbonic acid gas isothermal chamber gas purging amount in quick increase, simultaneously a large amount of hillmans has further quickened the deterioration of physical environment again by the problem that solves life fuel of cutting firewood.The current way that addresses this problem is to promote the use of biogas or liquefied gas in farmers in mountain area family, but because these two kinds of fuel all are hydrocarbon fuels, waste gas after burning is carbonic acid gas, therefore, though this method can solve the problem of hillman because of the vegetation destruction of cutting firewood, can not reduce emission of carbon-dioxide.
Generate water behind the combustion of hydrogen, do not generate the material of other contaminate environment, so Hydrogen Energy is a kind of novel clean energy; Simultaneously, hydrogen can be produced by brine electrolysis, thereby Hydrogen Energy also is a kind of renewable energy source.If can allow hillman all use hydrogen as life fuel, then no longer there is the problem of cutting firewood, also can reduce emission amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The method of present stage hydrogen manufacturing mainly contains water electrolysis hydrogen production, the hydrogen manufacturing of water-gas method, by the coproduct hydrogen of the synthetic gas of oil hot tearing and natural gas hydrogen preparation, the freezing hydrogen manufacturing of coke-oven gas, electrolytic saltwater, brewery industry coproduct hydrogen etc.From point of view of environment protection, the selection that water electrolysis hydrogen production is optimum beyond doubt, but under existing conditions, the electric energy that water electrolysis hydrogen production consumed is very big, and the needed electricity charge are very high, and are uneconomical, thereby commercial practicality is low.In addition, the volume of hydrogen is big, and condition of storage is restricted, and particularly for the driving as the vehicles etc., is not easy to solve the storage problem of the required hydrogen of long distance during use.
For hillman, its home address is fixed, and also basic fixed of fuel used quantity every day, and simultaneously, the storage space of hydrogen no longer becomes the major obstacle of restriction technical development, and this just provides condition for enforcement of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, invent a kind of with wind energy, sun power, tidal energy, the extra power of other type such as wave energy effectively uses, through the electric energy input unit, contrary stable-pressure device transforms into the direct current with constant output voltage, electrolysis groove brine electrolysis is produced hydrogen and is used, thereby obtain highly purified hydrogen, and solved the natural separation problem of hydrogen and oxygen with effective storage method, get rid of hydrogen and oxygen blended potential safety hazard mutually, accomplished the brine electrolysis method of the wide-voltage range power supply of stored safely hydrogen.This method has reduced the cost that hydrogen is produced, stored greatly simultaneously.
The present invention also aims to solve following three technical problems:
One, solves the problem of the input energy of brine electrolysis.In the middle of the present invention, the input energy is the electric energy of aerogenerator generation, the electric energy that solar cell produces, the electric energy that tidal energy produces, the electric energy that wave energy produces etc.
Two, the voltage that solves the input electric energy with change of external conditions fluctuation, but electric tank working needs voltage-stabilized source that the problem of electric energy is provided.
Three, solve hydrogen and the natural separation of oxygen and the storage problem of pure hydrogen.
The present invention is that logical technical scheme is: the extremely wide low-cost water electrolysis hydrogen production method of power supply voltage range is by a plurality of electric energy input unit (A
1, A
2... A
n), a plurality of contrary stable-pressure device (B
1, B
2... B
n) and electrolyzer (C) and hydrogen gas storage device (D) four parts composition, its method of attachment is one tunnel energy process circuit for each electric energy input unit is connected in series with a contrary stable-pressure device, provides brine electrolysis required energy so that the form of logical OR is concentrated to electrolyzer behind the output terminal forward series diode of each energy process circuit then; The oxygen of electrolyzer output is kept pipeline (p4) through pressure and is entered in the atmosphere, and the hydrogen of output is in hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) enters into hydrogen gas-holder (T) with drainage work, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen gas-holder (T) is taken pipeline (p5) and flow controllable valve (SW) to user's air feed through hydrogen simultaneously.
Described electric energy input unit is made up of lightning protection voltage dependent resistor (Rv), electronic switch (Ka), dummy load (Ro) and current foldback circuit (F); its circuit connecting relation is: electronic switch (Ka) is connected in series with load (Ro); lightning protection voltage dependent resistor (Rv) is connected with the upper end of electronic switch (Ka) and the input terminus of circuit; current foldback circuit (F) is connected on the main channel of energy process circuit, and the output terminal of current foldback circuit (F) links to each other with the input terminus of electronic switch (Ka).
Described contrary stable-pressure device is by auto-switch (K
b), boost-up circuit (S), reduction voltage circuit (J), diode (VD3, VD4, VD5), filter capacitor (C), control device (Q) form, its circuit connecting relation is: auto-switch (K
b) three inner electronic switch (K1, K2, voltage sampling port＜1 of input terminus K3) and control device (Q)〉link together, pulsed drive port＜4 of the control end of electronic switch (K1) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, one end of the inductance (L1) in the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K1) and the boost-up circuit (S) links to each other, the other end of inductance (L1) links to each other with the collector electrode of IGBT (V1) and the anode of diode VD3, pulsed drive port＜5 of IGBT (V1) control end and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the grounded emitter of IGBT (V1), pulsed drive port＜3 of the control end of electronic switch (K2) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K2) links to each other with the anode of diode (VD4), pulsed drive port＜2 of the control end of electronic switch (K3) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the collector electrode of IGTB (V2) in the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K3) and the reduction voltage circuit (J) links to each other, pulsed drive port＜6 of the control end of IGBT (V2) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the emtting electrode of IGBT (V2) links to each other with the negative electrode of diode (VD6) and an end of inductance (L2), the plus earth of diode (VD6), the other end of inductance (L2) links to each other with the anode of diode (VD5), diode (VD3, VD4, VD5) negative electrode links together as total output terminal of energy process circuit, the positive pole of filter capacitor (C) connects total output terminal of energy process circuit, minus earth.
Described hydrogen gas storage device is by electrolyzer (E), pond (W), hydrogen gas-holder (T), hydrogen delivery tube road (p1), hydrogen gas-holder (T), drainage pipeline (p3), oxygen output tube road (p2), pressure is kept pipeline (p4), and hydrogen is taken pipeline (p5), and flow controllable valve (SW) is formed; On the installation site, be followed successively by electrolyzer (E), pond (W), hydrogen gas-holder (T) from top to bottom; In the connection of pipeline, the outlet side of electric tank cathode chamber (-) is connected with the upper end of hydrogen delivery tube road (p1), the lower end in hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) links to each other with the inlet mouth of hydrogen gas-holder (T), the water outlet of hydrogen gas-holder (T) links to each other with the lower end of drainage pipeline (p3), and the upper end of drainage pipeline (p3) links to each other with the bottom in pond; The outlet side of electrolyzer anode chamber (+) links to each other with the upper end of oxygen output tube road (p2), and the lower end of oxygen output tube road (p2) links to each other with the lower end that pressure is kept pipeline (p4), and the upper end that pressure is kept pipeline (p4) links to each other with bottom in the pond; Hydrogen is taken the top that pipeline (p5) is connected to hydrogen gas-holder (T); Basin bottom is higher than hydrogen gas-holder (T) top 10～30cm; The bottom of drainage pipeline (p3) is lower than the distance 10～30cm of the air outlet, bottom in oxygen output tube road (p2).
Whole implementation scheme principle of work of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, by electric energy input unit (A
1, A
2... A
n), contrary stable-pressure device (B
1, B
2... B
n), electrolyzer (C), hydrogen gas storage device (D) four parts form.(1 → A wherein
1→ B
1) composition first via energy process circuit, (2 → A
2→ B
2) form the second tunnel energy process circuit, (n → An → Bn) forms n road energy process circuit.The effect of (VD1, VD2......VDN) this N diode in the design is to constitute logic sum gate, make the various energy no matter the output rating size can both folk prescription to ground to electrolyzer with electricity, and the problem that does not exist that bigger road power supply of generated output to pour in down a chimney to that less road power supply of generated output.The electric energy that is sent by the unsettled renewable energy source in outside is a voltage of alternating current that voltage range changes between 3V～150V, unsettled, this voltage at first enters the input terminus of contrary mu balanced circuit, after inner rectification of contrary mu balanced circuit and filtering, the constant dc that is converted into magnitude of voltage and is 36V is pressed to electrolyzer with electricity.Electrolyzer is behind all electric energy that absorb outside input, send the hydrogen and the oxygen that produce behind the brine electrolysis simultaneously, wherein oxygen as byproduct through discharge of pipes special use, that have check valve and the automatic control characteristic of pressure in atmosphere, it is in the gas-holder of 0.12～0.2MPa that hydrogen then enters with drainage generation pressure by pipeline, and the gas delivery port of gas-holder directly links to each other with user's gas-cooker by pipeline.
The present invention mainly contains three beneficial effects:
One, when the energy of wind-force minimum (being low to moderate 1～2 grade as wind-force), sunlight faint (as overcast and rainy) or other input energy is also very small, the voltage of external power source is generally very low, but by behind the contrary voltage stabilizing translation circuit they all being converted to the required 36V volts DS of electric tank working, no matter and the size of power input, all energy can both be utilized.This compares with existing wind power generation, solar energy generation technology, has not only improved the utilising efficiency of energy greatly, and has reduced the average cost of electricity-generating under each unit power.
Two, mature DC/DC step-up/step-down circuit is formed contrary voltage stabilizing translation circuit in the power application electronics Semiconductor Converting Technology, solved the transition problem of the very big input voltage of rangeability to the Constant Direct Current output voltage, make production cost very low, but all unsettled power supply of output rating and output voltage can be fully utilized.
Three, use effective combination of drainage and underground gas-holder, well solved the level balance problem of hydrogen and oxygen room's electrolyte inside in the electrolyzer, make simultaneously hydrogen safe, convenient, storage problem has also obtained solution cheaply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 among the present invention electric energy input unit figure.
Fig. 3 is the contrary stable-pressure device figure of the brine electrolysis equipment of power supply in the wide-voltage range of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is electrolyzer and hydrogen gas storage device figure among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the contrary stable-pressure device schematic circuit among the present invention.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is 3000W with the peak power that each road energy process circuit can allow.
Electric energy input unit electric energy input unit requires every road energy process circuit all to dispose one as shown in Figure 2.2 as can be seen from figure; device inside is furnished with lightning protection circuit and current foldback circuit (F); when thunderbolt appears in input terminus; the lightning protection voltage dependent resistor (Rv) that is connected in parallel on input terminus is breakdown; the voltage of circuit input end is clamped on the voltage breakdown of voltage dependent resistor (Rv), thereby has effectively prevented the possibility that back institute connection circuit damages.And when power input during greater than the treatable peak power of contrary mu balanced circuit institute, current foldback circuit (F) action inserts dummy load (Ro) to consume unnecessary electric energy with pulse width modulation by electronic switch (Ka).And in power input is got back to normal power range the time, current foldback circuit breaks away from dummy load automatically.
According to Fig. 1 as can be seen, input electric energy of the present invention can comprise the output of other generator type such as output, tidal energy or wave energy of output, the solar cell of wind-driven generator simultaneously.The electric energy that also can be only sends with wherein a certain generator is as the input electric energy.When multiple power generation assembly is imported simultaneously, do not require synchronous operation between the various power generation assemblys, promptly the rotating speed of a generator may be high, and the rotating speed of another generator may be low, but the electric energy input unit can both all use the electric energy that they send, and the inner conflict that does not take place between the energy stream.
The cut-away view of the contrary stable-pressure device of contrary stable-pressure device as shown in Figure 3, it is (B in Fig. 1 one-piece construction
1, B
2... B
n) specialize.It also is contrary stable-pressure device of each road input separate configurations.Each contrary stable-pressure device is by auto-switch (K
b), boost-up circuit (S), reduction voltage circuit (J), diode (VD3, VD4, VD5), filter capacitor (C) and control device (Q) form.Auto-switch (K wherein
b) there are three electronic switch (K1, K2, K3) inside, form by IGBT; Control device (Q) adopts 51 micro-chips to auto-switch (K
b), boost-up circuit (S) and reduction voltage circuit (J) control; Boost-up circuit (S) is made up of inductance (L1) and IGBT (V1), and reduction voltage circuit (J) is made up of IGBT (V2), diode (VD6) and inductance (L2).
The parameter of IGBT in the contrary stable-pressure device is: K1, K2, V1 rated current 50A, withstand voltage are 200V, K3, V2 rated current 75A, withstand voltage are 800V, diode VD3, VD4 rated current 50A, withstand voltage are 200V, VD5, VD6 rated current 100A, withstand voltage are 600V, these parameters choose the safety that is enough to guarantee components and parts in the circuit.
Its circuit connecting relation is: auto-switch (K
b) three inner electronic switch (K1, K2, voltage sampling port＜1 of input terminus K3) and control device (Q)〉link together as total input terminus of energy process circuit, pulsed drive port＜4 of the control end of electronic switch (K1) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, one end of the inductance (L1) in the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K1) and the boost-up circuit (S) links to each other, the other end of inductance (L1) links to each other with the collector electrode of IGBT (V1) and the anode of diode VD3, pulsed drive port＜5 of IGBT (V1) control end and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the grounded emitter of IGBT (V1), pulsed drive port＜3 of the control end of electronic switch (K2) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K2) links to each other with the anode of diode (VD4), pulsed drive port＜2 of the control end of electronic switch (K3) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the collector electrode of IGTB (V2) in the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K3) and the reduction voltage circuit (J) links to each other, pulsed drive port＜6 of the control end of IGBT (V2) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the emtting electrode of IGBT (V2) links to each other with the negative electrode of diode (VD6) and an end of inductance (L2), the plus earth of diode (VD6), the other end of inductance (L2) links to each other with the anode of diode (VD5), diode (VD3, VD4, VD5) negative electrode links together as total output terminal of energy process circuit, the positive pole of filter capacitor (C) connects total output terminal of energy process circuit, minus earth.
Its function be outside input and the very big voltage of scope range of the fluctuation of voltage stabilize to the volts DS of 36V, for electrolyzer provides needed operating voltage.
The principle of work of contrary stable-pressure device is as follows: when input voltage is 3V～35.8V, after control device (Q) detects input voltage, by control signal electronic switch (K2, K3) is disconnected, (K1) closure, boost-up circuit (S) action in any case input voltage is changed, all absorbs power input and voltage is upgraded to direct current 36V and export, this voltage is supplied with electric tank working after filter capacitor (C) filtering.When input voltage is higher than 35.8V, when hanging down into 37V, control device (Q) disconnects electronic switch (K1, K3) by control signal, (K2) closure, and input voltage is directly supplied with the electrolyzer use after filtering.When input voltage is higher than 36V, control device (Q) disconnects electronic switch (K1, K2) by control signal, (K3) closure, reduction voltage circuit (J) action, in any case input voltage is changed, all reduce to direct current 36V output with the whole absorptions of power input and with voltage, this voltage after filter capacitor (C) filtering, is supplied with electric tank working equally.
The structure of electrolytic tank electrolysis groove and gas-holder as shown in Figure 4.Wherein electrolyzer by 16～20 independently electrolyzer be composed in series.Each independently electrolyzer (among the E-figure thick consider the part that line surrounded) form by cell body, electrolytic solution, anode (A) and negative electrode (K), employing barrier film (G) separates anolyte compartment (+) and cathode compartment (-), electrolytic solution is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.Electrode materials adopts Raney's nickel or other the material with low hydrogen-evolution overpotential, when above-mentioned materials does not all possess, replaces with general steel plate or sheet plate.In order to prevent the two poles of the earth product hydrogen and oxygen mix,, in electrolyzer, the cathode and anode chamber is separated with barrier film because of the impure issuable blast of hydrogen.Barrier film is made by the inert material asbestos, for preventing that barrier film expands, gets loose in higher temperature with under the electrolytic solution effect, adds resin as strongthener in asbestos, thereby barrier film stability and physical strength aspect all are significantly improved.When direct current when the electrolyzer, with the solution interface place oxidizing reaction takes place at anode, produce oxygen, in negative electrode and solution interface place generation reduction reaction, generation hydrogen, hydrogen promptly are our needed products.
Hydrogen gas storage device is in order to guarantee the high purity of hydrogen, prevents entrained air in hydrogen and causes blasting in use phenomenon, improves the security of hydrogen, and drainage is adopted in the collection of hydrogen.In the same plane all the time for the aqueous solution that keeps electrolyzer inner anode chamber (+) and cathode compartment (+) simultaneously, and high on one side low phenomenon on one side appears in the liquid level of electrolyte that is unlikely to make because of the pressure difference of gas delivery port negative and positive two Room and influenced the works better of electrolyzer (E), need keep the pressure equilibrium of two utmost point chambers.
Gas output of the present invention and hydrogen gas storage device are as shown in Figure 4.Be followed successively by electrolyzer (E), pond (W), hydrogen gas-holder (T) from top to bottom, (p1) be the hydrogen delivery tube road, (p3) be the drainage pipeline of hydrogen gas-holder (T), (p2) be the oxygen output tube road, (p4) keep pipeline for pressure, (p5) take pipeline for hydrogen, (SW) for taking the flow controllable valve of gas.
In the connection of pipeline, the outlet side of electric tank cathode chamber (-) is connected with the upper end of hydrogen delivery tube road (p1), the lower end in hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) links to each other with the inlet mouth of hydrogen gas-holder (T), the water outlet of hydrogen gas-holder (T) links to each other with the lower end of drainage pipeline (p3), and the upper end of drainage pipeline (p3) links to each other with the bottom in pond; The outlet side of electrolyzer anode chamber (+) links to each other with the upper end of oxygen output tube road (p2), and the lower end of oxygen output tube road (p2) links to each other with the lower end that pressure is kept pipeline (p4), and the upper end that pressure is kept pipeline (p4) links to each other with the bottom in pond.
Structurally, it is 10～30cm that basin bottom will be higher than hydrogen gas-holder (T) top Δ x1, to guarantee that water can be full of whole hydrogen gas-holder (T) under the state of nature.The upper end that drainage pipeline (p3), pressure are kept pipeline (p4) all is connected with the bottom in pond, under the action of gravity of water and before electrolyzer do not start working, drainage pipeline (p3), pressure keep pipeline (p4) and hydrogen gas-holder (T) inside all is full of by water like this.The distance, delta x2 that the bottom of drainage pipeline (p3) will be lower than the air outlet, bottom in oxygen output tube road (p2) is 10～30cm, guaranteeing in collecting the process of hydrogen, being full of water in the drainage pipeline (p3) always, form potential safety hazard with oxygen mix thereby stop hydrogen to enter in the pond along drainage pipeline (p3).Hydrogen is taken the top that pipeline (p5) is connected to hydrogen gas-holder (T), can come the flow of adjustments of gas by controllable valve (SW) when the user uses.
Drainage is collected principle: the original state before electrolyzer is not being worked, the water level in pond is in the m1 position, according to the principle of communicating vessels as can be known the pressure of cathode compartment (-) and anolyte compartment (+) be barometric point, the pressure of chamber, the two poles of the earth is equilibrated, and the liquid level of electrolytic solution remains on same plane.
Under electrolyzer (E) situation that externally power supply is imported, negative electrode output hydrogen, anode output oxygen, and in the identical time, the volume of the hydrogen that negative electrode produces is the twice of oxygen volume.Wherein the oxygen that produces of anode is kept pipeline (p4) through oxygen output tube road (p2), pressure and is discharged in the atmosphere through the water of inside, pond.As can be seen from Figure 4, the liquid level in pond is h2 to the discrepancy in elevation of the air outlet of oxygen output tube road (p2), and the oxygen air outlet pressure of Xing Chenging is that normal atmosphere adds and highly is the hydraulic pressure of h2 thus; The hydrogen that is produced by negative electrode at first enters into water-filled hydrogen gas-holder (T) through hydrogen delivery tube road (p1), as can be seen from Figure 4, the pressure of hydrogen delivery port is identical with the pressure of oxygen delivery port, is equal to normal atmosphere and adds and highly be the hydraulic pressure of h2.But because hydrogen enters the hydrogen gas-holder (T) after hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) mouthful discharge, and along with the continuous discharge of hydrogen with rise to the headspace of hydrogen gas-holder (T), the water of hydrogen gas-holder (T) will be squeezed in the pond (W) through drainage pipeline (p3), thereby guarantee that the gas of collecting in the hydrogen gas-holder (T) is purified hydrogen.
When all being full of in the hydrogen gas-holder (T) by hydrogen, hydrogen gas-holder (T) internal pressure is that normal atmosphere adds and highly is the hydraulic pressure of h2, the pressure of oxygen output tube road (p2) has reached maximum value like this, but hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) pressure of hydrogen is because the lower end position of drainage pipeline (p3) is lower than the distance, delta x in oxygen output tube road (p2) is 10cm～30cm, therefore the pressure in hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) still can rise, still working as if electrolyzer (E) like this, then the pressure of cathode compartment (-) is greater than the pressure of anolyte compartment (+), like this liquid level of electrolytic solution will be not reequilibrate and the liquid level that forms the anolyte compartment is higher than the liquid level of cathode compartment, thereby the contact area that causes cathode plate and electrolytic solution reduces, thereby reduce the electrolysis current in loop, in other words, reduced the generation of hydrogen and oxygen simultaneously, along with the further rising of cathode compartment (-) pressure, cathode compartment (-) and anolyte compartment (+).
Claims (4)
1. the low-cost water electrolysis hydrogen production method that power supply voltage range is extremely wide is characterized in that by a plurality of electric energy input unit (A
1, A
2A
n), a plurality of contrary stable-pressure device (B
1, B
2B
n) and electrolyzer (C) and hydrogen gas storage device (D) four parts composition, its method of attachment is one tunnel energy process circuit for each electric energy input unit is connected in series with a contrary stable-pressure device, provides brine electrolysis required energy so that the form of logical OR is concentrated to electrolyzer behind the output terminal forward series diode of each energy process circuit then; The oxygen of electrolyzer output is kept pipeline (p4) through pressure and is entered in the atmosphere, and the hydrogen of output is in hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) enters into hydrogen gas-holder (T) with drainage work, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen gas-holder (T) is taken pipeline (p5) and flow controllable valve (SW) to user's air feed through hydrogen simultaneously.
2. the low-cost water electrolysis hydrogen production method that power supply voltage range according to claim 1 is extremely wide; be characterized as described electric energy input unit by lightning protection voltage dependent resistor (Rv); electronic switch (Ka); dummy load (Ro) and current foldback circuit (F) are formed; its circuit connecting relation is: electronic switch (Ka) is connected in series with load (Ro); lightning protection voltage dependent resistor (Rv) is connected with the upper end of electronic switch (Ka) and the input terminus of circuit; current foldback circuit (F) is connected on the main channel of energy process circuit, and the output terminal of current foldback circuit (F) links to each other with the input terminus of electronic switch (Ka).
3. the low-cost water electrolysis hydrogen production method that power supply voltage range according to claim 1 is extremely wide is characterised in that described contrary stable-pressure device is by auto-switch (K
b), boost-up circuit (S), reduction voltage circuit (J), diode (VD3, VD4, VD5), filter capacitor (C), control device (Q) form, its circuit connecting relation is: auto-switch (K
b) three inner electronic switch (K1, K2, voltage sampling port＜1 of input terminus K3) and control device (Q)〉link together, pulsed drive port＜4 of the control end of electronic switch (K1) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, one end of the inductance (L1) in the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K1) and the boost-up circuit (S) links to each other, the other end of inductance (L1) links to each other with the collector electrode of IGBT (V1) and the anode of diode VD3, pulsed drive port＜5 of IGBT (V1) control end and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the grounded emitter of IGBT (V1), pulsed drive port＜3 of the control end of electronic switch (K2) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K2) links to each other with the anode of diode (VD4), pulsed drive port＜2 of the control end of electronic switch (K3) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the collector electrode of IGTB (V2) in the emtting electrode of electronic switch (K3) and the reduction voltage circuit (J) links to each other, pulsed drive port＜6 of the control end of IGBT (V2) and control device (Q)〉link to each other, the emtting electrode of IGBT (V2) links to each other with the negative electrode of diode (VD6) and an end of inductance (L2), the plus earth of diode (VD6), the other end of inductance (L2) links to each other with the anode of diode (VD5), diode (VD3, VD4, VD5) negative electrode links together as total output terminal of energy process circuit, the positive pole of filter capacitor (C) connects total output terminal of energy process circuit, minus earth.
4. the low-cost water electrolysis hydrogen production method that power supply voltage range according to claim 1 is extremely wide, it is characterized in that described hydrogen gas storage device is by electrolyzer (E), pond (W), hydrogen gas-holder (T), hydrogen delivery tube road (p1), hydrogen gas-holder (T), drainage pipeline (p3), oxygen output tube road (p2), pressure keep pipeline (p4), hydrogen is taken pipeline (p5), and flow controllable valve (SW) is formed; On the installation site, be followed successively by electrolyzer (E), pond (W), hydrogen gas-holder (T) from top to bottom; In the connection of pipeline, the outlet side of electric tank cathode chamber (-) is connected with the upper end of hydrogen delivery tube road (p1), the lower end in hydrogen delivery tube road (p1) links to each other with the inlet mouth of hydrogen gas-holder (T), the water outlet of hydrogen gas-holder (T) links to each other with the lower end of drainage pipeline (p3), and the upper end of drainage pipeline (p3) links to each other with the bottom in pond; The outlet side of electrolyzer anode chamber (+) links to each other with the upper end of oxygen output tube road (p2), and the lower end of oxygen output tube road (p2) links to each other with the lower end that pressure is kept pipeline (p4), and the upper end that pressure is kept pipeline (p4) links to each other with bottom in the pond; Hydrogen is taken the top that pipeline (p5) is connected to hydrogen gas-holder (T); Basin bottom is higher than hydrogen gas-holder (T) top 10～30cm; The bottom of drainage pipeline (p3) is lower than the distance 10～30cm of the air outlet, bottom in oxygen output tube road (p2).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112626560A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Electrolytic cell equipment, gas recovery device thereof and electrolytic gas recovery method |
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| CN1272558A (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2000-11-08 | 石运达 | Contact semiconductor capacitor pulse water electrolytic apparatus |
| CN1352323A (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-06-05 | 穆瑞力 | Method and apparatus for producing hydrogen by utilizing solar energy and/or wind energy |
| CN2642792Y (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-22 | 陈连敬 | Control device for electrolytic apparatus |
| CN101216017A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 山东赛克赛斯氢能源有限公司 | Method and system for producing hydrogen and generating using natural energy |
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2009
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1272558A (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2000-11-08 | 石运达 | Contact semiconductor capacitor pulse water electrolytic apparatus |
| CN1352323A (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-06-05 | 穆瑞力 | Method and apparatus for producing hydrogen by utilizing solar energy and/or wind energy |
| CN2642792Y (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-22 | 陈连敬 | Control device for electrolytic apparatus |
| CN101216017A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 山东赛克赛斯氢能源有限公司 | Method and system for producing hydrogen and generating using natural energy |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112626560A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Electrolytic cell equipment, gas recovery device thereof and electrolytic gas recovery method |
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