CN102189682A - 用于焊接塑料组件的接头设计 - Google Patents

用于焊接塑料组件的接头设计 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102189682A
CN102189682A CN2011100460976A CN201110046097A CN102189682A CN 102189682 A CN102189682 A CN 102189682A CN 2011100460976 A CN2011100460976 A CN 2011100460976A CN 201110046097 A CN201110046097 A CN 201110046097A CN 102189682 A CN102189682 A CN 102189682A
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China
Prior art keywords
welding
rivet
complementary
assembly
basic components
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CN2011100460976A
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English (en)
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J·M·海斯利普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN102189682A publication Critical patent/CN102189682A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30221—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being point-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/609—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being plunge-formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81264—Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
    • Y10T156/109—Embedding of laminae within face of additional laminae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于焊接塑料组件的接头设计。具体描述了一种可焊接部件。该可焊接部件包括利用薄部附接的焊接铆钉，所述薄部被设计成在超声波焊接过程中发生破裂。焊接铆钉被驱使穿过互补空隙腔，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分并且位于焊接铆钉的下面。将焊接铆钉嵌入基础部件，以形成焊接部。本发明还描述了一种焊接接头以及利用可焊接部件进行超声波焊接的方法。

Description

用于焊接塑料组件的接头设计
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及超声波焊接，更具体地涉及一种接头设计以及用于焊接塑料组件的方法。
背景技术
各种用于焊接塑料零件的方法是已知的。目前的超声波焊接技术包括点焊和能量引导焊接。在点焊接头中，焊接过程中零件是静止的。如图1中所示，将可焊接部件15置于基础部件10上。超声波焊接工具20穿过可焊接部件15和基础部件10，从而形成点焊接头。当对填充塑料(如玻璃填充的尼龙等)进行点焊时，所述焊接工具会遭受严重磨损。因此，所述焊接工具必须用极硬的材料制成而且必须频繁地更换，所述材料常常是外来的且昂贵的。此外，就点焊而言，在待连接的零件之间不可以容许有空间或间隙。而且，点焊接头的外观对于一些用途来说是不期望的。此外，点焊接头可能缺乏某些用途所要求的强度和机械性能。
其它焊接工艺则要求待焊接零件之间做相对运动。例如，对于利用能量引导焊接所形成的接头而言，可焊接部件相对于基础部件运动，如图2A～图2B中所示。可焊接部件15被置于基础部件10的上面，并且在它们之间有间隙。能量引导构件25从可焊接部件15向下延伸。将超声波焊接工具20应用于可焊接部件15的上表面，迫使可焊接部件15向下抵靠在基础部件10上，所述能量引导构件在基础部件10上形成焊接部。因为这种方法要求可焊接部件在焊接过程中运动，所以可以导致未对准的焊接部。
因此，存在着对在焊接过程中不需要相对运动并且不穿过待焊接组件的焊接技术的需求。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种改进的可焊接部件、焊接接头以及焊接方法来满足这个需求。可焊接部件包括利用薄部而附接的焊接铆钉，所述薄部被设计成在超声波焊接过程中发生破裂。可焊接部件具有位于焊接铆钉下面的互补空隙腔（void pocket），其延伸穿过所述部分。焊接铆钉被驱使穿过互补空隙腔而嵌入基础部件，以形成焊接部。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种可焊接部件。在一个实施例中，所述可焊接部件包括：具有第一表面的热塑性部分、利用薄部而附接到所述部分的焊接铆钉；该焊接铆钉延伸到第一表面之上，互补空隙腔位于焊接铆钉的下面，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分，其中焊接铆钉配合入互补空隙腔。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种在基础部件与可焊接部件之间的焊接接头。在一个实施例中，该焊接接头包括：基础部件，其具有待焊接的表面；可焊接部件，其包含：具有互补空隙腔的部分，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分；和焊接铆钉，其位于互补空隙腔中并且被超声焊接到基础部件的所述表面。
本发明的另一个方面涉及超声波焊接的方法。在一个实施例中，该方法包括：提供具有待焊接表面的基础部件；提供可焊接部件，其包括具有第一表面的部分、利用薄部而附接到所述部分的焊接铆钉，焊接铆钉延伸到第一表面之上，并且互补空隙腔位于焊接铆钉的下面，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分，其中，焊接铆钉配合入互补空隙腔；将可焊接部件置于基础部件上；以及将超声波焊接工具应用于焊接铆钉和所述部分的第一表面，使焊接铆钉与所述部分分离，驱使焊接铆钉穿过互补空隙腔而进入基础部件，并利用焊接铆钉将可焊接部件超声焊接到基础部件的所述表面。
本发明还涉及以下技术方案。
方案1. 一种可焊接部件，包括：热塑性部分，其具有第一表面；焊接铆钉，其利用热塑性薄部而附接到所述部分，所述焊接铆钉延伸到所述第一表面之上，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分并且位于所述焊接铆钉的下面，其中，所述焊接铆钉配合到所述互补空隙腔中。
方案2. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述热塑性薄部小于所述焊接铆钉的高度的约三分之一。
方案3. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有能量引导构件。
方案4. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有从圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形、星形或者其组合中选出的形状。
方案5. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述第一表面与所述焊接铆钉之间的夹角为约70°至约110°。
方案6. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述焊接铆钉的侧面或者所述互补空隙腔的侧面具有高应力区。
方案7. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述热塑性薄部具有高应力区。
方案8. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述薄部是连续的连接板或者至少两个非连续的部分。
方案9. 如方案1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述互补空隙腔小于所述焊接铆钉。
方案10. 一种在基础部件与可焊接部件之间的焊接接头，包括：
基础部件，其具有待焊接的表面；和
可焊接部件，其包含：具有互补空隙腔的部分，所述互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分；以及焊接铆钉，其位于所述互补空隙腔中并且被超声焊接到所述基础部件的所述表面。
方案11. 如方案10所述的焊接接头，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有从圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形、星形或者其组合中选出的形状。
方案12. 如方案10所述的焊接接头，其中，所述焊接铆钉在所述互补空隙腔中被超声焊接到所述可焊接部件。
方案13. 一种超声波焊接的方法，包括：
提供具有待焊接表面的基础部件；
提供可焊接部件，其包括：具有第一表面的部分、利用薄部而附接到所述部分的焊接铆钉，所述焊接铆钉延伸到所述第一表面之上，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分并且位于所述焊接铆钉的下面，其中，所述焊接铆钉配合到所述互补空隙腔中；
将所述可焊接部件置于所述基础部件上；并且
将超声波焊接工具应用于所述焊接铆钉和所述部分的第一表面，使所述焊接铆钉与所述部分分离，驱使所述焊接铆钉穿过所述互补空隙腔而进入所述基础部件，并且利用所述焊接铆钉将所述可焊接部件超声焊接到所述基础部件的所述表面。
方案14. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述焊接铆钉的侧面或者所述互补空隙腔的侧面具有高应力区，并且所述方法还包括：在所述互补空隙腔中将所述焊接铆钉超声焊接到所述可焊接部件。
方案15. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述薄部小于所述焊接铆钉的高度的约三分之一。
方案16. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有能量引导构件。
方案17. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有从圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形、星形或者其组合中选出的形状。
方案18. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述第一表面与所述焊接铆钉之间的夹角为约70°至约110°。
方案19. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述薄部具有高应力区。
方案20. 如方案13所述的方法，其中，所述薄部是连续的连接板或者至少两个非连续的部分。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的点焊法的图示。
图2A～图2B是现有技术的能量引导焊接法的图示。
图3A～图3C是要求保护的本方法的一个实施例的图示。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种改进的焊接接头以及焊接方法。使焊接铆钉模制于适当的位置，作为可焊接部件的一部分。这样在焊接过程中避免了额外部件的使用，而使用额外部件是不期望的。利用塑料的薄区将焊接铆钉连接到可焊接部件的主体。焊接铆钉被设计成在超声波焊接过程中脱离，从而允许它与焊接力成直线地运动并嵌入基础部件。这允许被组装部件在焊接过程中保持静止并且被精确地保持就位。该焊接工具不穿过所述组件，从而减少关于填充材料的重大的工具磨损问题。此外，与点焊相比，零件配合（fit-up）不是那么关键。甚至当部件之间有间隙时也可以对它们进行焊接，因为铆钉能够移动直到与基础部件接触。此外，与点焊工艺相比，本发明的焊接工艺将会留下较少的表面破裂。
图3是所述方法的一个实施例的图示。图中有基础部件10和可焊接部件15。焊接铆钉30延伸到可焊接部件15的上表面之上，并且被模制为热塑性可焊接部件15的一部分。
利用材料的薄部(如塑料的薄部)将焊接铆钉30连接到可焊接部件15。所述薄部比焊接铆钉或可焊接部件要薄许多。所述薄部应当足够地薄，以致当超声波焊接工具接触焊接铆钉时可容易地使所述薄部发生破裂。所述薄部的尺寸和形状将取决于焊接接头的尺寸和几何形状。在许多情况下，它将会小于焊接铆钉的高度的约三分之一。所述薄部可以是连续的连接板（continuous web）或者多个非连续的部分。借助于焊接铆钉与所述部分之间非常薄的连接部，焊接铆钉将会更好地发挥作用。然而，这会导致在制造期间难以让所述部分完全填充。因此，在设计焊接铆钉和连接部时，应当使这些因素平衡。
可焊接部件与焊接铆钉之间的连接区应当是高应力区。该高应力区将取决于接头的尺寸和用途。高应力区可以采用在连接点处的相对较小的半径或者集中焊接能量以使铆钉脱离的一些其它形状而实现。作为实例，焊接铆钉可以以尖锐角(sharp corner)（其为高应力区)附接到可焊接部件。所述零件的上表面与焊接铆钉之间的夹角通常是在约70°至约110°、或者约80°至约100°、或者约85°至约105°的范围内。应当采用小的过渡半径，使得所述角较尖锐而不是较圆润。实际尺寸将取决于部件的尺寸。形成高应力区的其它设计是本领域技术人员已知的。
焊接铆钉到可焊接部件上的附接将取决于零件和焊接铆钉的设计。本领域技术人员可以设计出合适的连接。
焊接铆钉可以具有任意期望的形状，包括但不限于圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形、星形等或者其组合。焊接铆钉的设计将受一些因素(如特定形状的焊接强度、零件设计、用途的要求等)的影响。本领域技术人员可以选择用于焊接铆钉的适当设计。
如果期望，焊接铆钉30可以包括有尖顶的（spiked）能量引导部35。该能量引导部的形状被设计成在焊接过程中将焊接能量提供到基础部件中。能量引导部通过缩小焊接铆钉与基础部件之间的接触面面积以便应用超声波能量，来提高结合处的强度和可靠性。提供缩小的接触面积会提高控制结合处的位置和质量的能力，并且形成被超声波能量熔化的材料开始流动的场所。
在焊接部件中有互补空隙腔40，该互补空隙腔40通常与焊接铆钉30的形状相对应。焊接铆钉配合到互补空隙腔中。互补空隙腔通常具有与焊接铆钉相同的尺寸和形状。如果期望，互补空隙腔可以略小于焊接铆钉。这种布置将会在焊接铆钉和互补空隙腔的侧面上提供高应力区，以便焊接铆钉在互补空隙腔的侧面上与可焊接部件形成焊接部以及与基础部件形成焊接部。可替代地，焊接铆钉的外侧或者互补空隙腔的内侧可以包括肋、锐边等，从而在互补空隙腔中提供高应力区。
将可焊接部件15置于基础部件10上。具有匹配的几何构造的超声波焊接工具25下降到焊接铆钉30上。使将焊接铆钉30连接到可焊接部件15的部分熔化，从而导致焊接铆钉30脱离可焊接部件15。超声波焊接工具25继续下降，驱使焊接铆钉30下降穿过可焊接部件15中的互补空隙腔40而进入基础部件10。焊接铆钉30的能量引导部35在基础部件10上形成高应力区，从而导致在焊接铆钉30与基础部件之间形成焊接接头。如上所述，如果期望，也可以利用焊接铆钉和互补空隙腔的适当设计，而在焊接铆钉的外表面与互补空隙腔之间形成焊接接头。
该焊接接头不要求在焊接过程中基础部件与可焊接部件之间做相对运动，从而允许实现更精确的焊接。与点焊相比，它还提供更好的焊接接头外观。
应该注意的是，本文中的术语如“优选地”、“一般”和“通常”不是用来限制要求保护的本发明的范围，或者暗示某些特征对于要求保护的本发明的结构或功能而言是关键性的、必不可少的、或者甚至是重要的。相反，这些术语仅仅意图强调可以或可以不应用于本发明具体实施例中的替代的或附加的特征。
为了对本发明进行描述和限定的目的，注意到本文中使用术语“装置”来表示构件的组合和单独的构件，而无论构件是否与其它构件结合。例如，根据本发明的“装置”可包括电化学转换组件或者燃料电池、包含根据本发明电化学转换组件的车辆等。
为了对本发明进行描述和限定的目的，注意到本文中使用术语“大致”来表示可归于任何定量比较、数值、测量或者其它表示方式的固有的不确定度。本文中还使用术语“大致”来表示在不导致所讨论主题的基本功能产生变化的情况下，定量表示方式可不同于所规定基准的程度。
已经参照具体实施例详细描述了本发明，显然，在不脱离所附权利要求中所限定的本发明范围的情况下，可以进行更改和变化。更具体地，尽管本发明的一些方面在本文中被确定为优选的或者尤其有利的，但设想的是本发明不必限制于本发明的这些优选方面。

Claims (10)

1.一种可焊接部件，包括：热塑性部分，其具有第一表面；焊接铆钉，其利用热塑性薄部而附接到所述部分，所述焊接铆钉延伸到所述第一表面之上，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分并且位于所述焊接铆钉的下面，其中，所述焊接铆钉配合到所述互补空隙腔中。
2.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述热塑性薄部小于所述焊接铆钉的高度的约三分之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有能量引导构件。
4.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述焊接铆钉具有从圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形、星形或者其组合中选出的形状。
5.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述第一表面与所述焊接铆钉之间的夹角为约70°至约110°。
6.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述焊接铆钉的侧面或者所述互补空隙腔的侧面具有高应力区。
7.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述热塑性薄部具有高应力区。
8.如权利要求1所述的可焊接部件，其中，所述薄部是连续的连接板或者至少两个非连续的部分。
9.一种在基础部件与可焊接部件之间的焊接接头，包括：
基础部件，其具有待焊接的表面；和
可焊接部件，其包含：具有互补空隙腔的部分，所述互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分；以及焊接铆钉，其位于所述互补空隙腔中并且被超声焊接到所述基础部件的所述表面。
10.一种超声波焊接的方法，包括：
提供具有待焊接表面的基础部件；
提供可焊接部件，其包括：具有第一表面的部分、利用薄部而附接到所述部分的焊接铆钉，所述焊接铆钉延伸到所述第一表面之上，互补空隙腔延伸穿过所述部分并且位于所述焊接铆钉的下面，其中，所述焊接铆钉配合到所述互补空隙腔中；
将所述可焊接部件置于所述基础部件上；并且
将超声波焊接工具应用于所述焊接铆钉和所述部分的第一表面，使所述焊接铆钉与所述部分分离，驱使所述焊接铆钉穿过所述互补空隙腔而进入所述基础部件，并且利用所述焊接铆钉将所述可焊接部件超声焊接到所述基础部件的所述表面。
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