CN102185693A - Quantum cryptography teaching system based on BB84 protocol and communication method thereof - Google Patents
Quantum cryptography teaching system based on BB84 protocol and communication method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quantum cryptography teaching system based on a BB84 protocol, comprising a quantum signal transmitter for launching quantum signals, an experimental light path and a quantum signal receiver for receiving quantum signals, wherein the quantum signal transmitter is connected with the quantum signal receiver by the experimental light path. The invention also discloses a communication method of the teaching system. According to the invention, students can debug the experimental light path in person so as to complete the process of quantum key distribution and visually understand the key distribution and actually erroneous key distribution processes by transmitting a picture through encipherment, thus mastering fundamental principles on the quantum key distribution. The students can selectively analyze original data and complete the post-treatment process from the original data to code formation, thus deepening the understandings on the process of the quantum key distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quantum secret communication device, especially a kind of quantum cryptography tutoring system and communication means thereof based on the BB84 agreement.
Background technology
The contemporary cryptology system is mainly based on the one-way of calculating, and its fail safe only has experience to guarantee; Quantum computer will make quick disintegrant factor algorithm become possibility, thereby the basis of existing password system has not existed.Quantum secret communication is the secure communication mode that is different from classical communication, and it has in theory can certified being perfectly safe property.Quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution) can be distributed a string identical random number of random length, i.e. key by handling and transmit the method for quantum bit (Qubit) between two places; Can use this random number that the needs information transmitted is encrypted.If adopt the mode encryption and decryption classical information of " one-time pad " (One-Time Pad), then can guarantee the unconditional security of the information of transmitting.
As the communication mode that is perfectly safe, the research of quantum information has obtained industry and has paid close attention to widely, and will be used widely in future.In order to make the students of colleges and universities can be familiar with the popular protocol of quantum communications and the basic principle of grasp quantum key distribution, be necessary to research and develop the quantum cryptography tutoring system that a cover experimental teaching is used.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of can allow the student start to debug, be convenient to the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement that the student understands and grasp the key distribution principle.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme: a kind of quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement, comprise the quantum signal transmitter that is used for the emission measure subsignal, experiment light path and the quantum signal receiver that is used for the quantities received subsignal, quantum signal transmitter and quantum signal receiver light path by experiment link to each other, described quantum signal transmitter comprises a FPGA controller and first, two, three, four lasers, the signal output part of a described FPGA controller is respectively with first, two, three, four lasers link to each other, the one FPGA controller is provided with the first PC interface, described first by the interface configuration chip, two, three, four lasers all link to each other with the experiment light path.
The invention also discloses a kind of communication means of the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement, this method comprises the step of following order:
(1) the quantum signal transmitter select H direction, V direction ,+polarization state of 45 ° of directions and-45 ° of directions, adjust the experiment light path, the average photon number that makes the pulse in quantum signal transmitter exit is less than 1;
(2) polarization state of quantum signal transmitter preparation is sent to the quantum signal receiver by fiber channel, the quantum signal receiver selects HV horizontal vertical basic vector and+45 ° ,-45 ° basic vectors that photon is received, then employed basic vector sequence is sent to the quantum signal transmitter, the quantum signal transmitter is abandoned the quantum signal receiver and is used the wrong position of measuring basic vector, generates primary key;
(3) select the part primary key to compare at random, the error rate of amount of calculation subsignal transmitter and quantum signal receiver, if error rate is lower than set point, then form safe key, distributing security keys between quantum signal transmitter and quantum signal receiver.
As shown from the above technical solution, the present invention can allow the student take action on one's own by the debugging to the experiment light path, the process of performance quantum key distribution, and understand the distribution procedure of key distribution and actual wrong appearance intuitively, thereby grasp the basic principle of quantum key distribution by encrypted transmission one secondary picture.The student can select initial data is analyzed, and oneself finishes initial data to the last handling process that becomes sign indicating number, deepens the understanding to the quantum key distribution process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2,3 is respectively the circuit block diagram of first and second master control borad among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a workflow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement, comprise quantum signal transmitter, experiment light path 1 that is used for the emission measure subsignal and the quantum signal receiver that is used for the quantities received subsignal, quantum signal transmitter and quantum signal receiver light path 1 by experiment link to each other, as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, described quantum signal transmitter comprises FPGA controller 2 and first, second, third and fourth laser 4,5,13,14, the signal output part of a described FPGA controller 2 links to each other with first, second, third and fourth laser 4,5,13,14 respectively, the one FPGA controller 2 is provided with the first PC interface 6 by the interface configuration chip, and described first, second, third and fourth laser 4,5,13,14 all links to each other with experiment light path 1.2 welding of a described FPGA controller are encapsulated on first master control borad 9, and described first and second laser 4,5 welding are encapsulated on first Laser Slabs 11, and described third and fourth laser 13,14 welding are encapsulated on second Laser Slabs 12.
Shown in Fig. 1,3, described quantum signal receiver comprises the 2nd FPGA controller 3 and single-photon detector 7, the signal input part of described the 2nd FPGA controller 3 links to each other with single-photon detector 7, single-photon detector 7 links to each other with experiment light path 1, and the 2nd FPGA controller 3 is provided with the second PC interface 8 by the interface configuration chip.3 welding of described the 2nd FPGA controller are encapsulated on second master control borad 10.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a described FPGA controller 2 links to each other with the 2nd FPGA controller 3, and a described FPGA controller 2 is by first PC interface 6 and the host communication, and described the 2nd FPGA controller 3 is by second PC interface 8 and the host communication.The synchronous signal output end of the one FPGA controller 2 links to each other with the synchronizing signal end of the 2nd FPGA controller 3, the basic principle of first master control borad 9 of quantum signal transmitter and second master control borad 10 of quantum signal receiver all is the same, be first, two FPGA controllers 2,3 internal logic is different, so purposes is also different: a FPGA controller 2 mainly is to receive the order that main frame sends by the first PC interface 6, go to control first, dual-laser plate 11,12, and the 2nd FPGA controller 3 is that the signal that single-photon detector 7 detects is passed to main frame by the second PC interface 8.
The one FPGA controller 2 and the 2nd FPGA controller 3 all mainly are to finish these functions: frame coding and control, the buffering of external buffer cell and the configuration of interface configuration chip controls pin of synchronous, the used data of signal.The one FPGA controller 2 will produce synchronizing clock signals with input clock earlier and give the quantum signal receiver, removing modulating light pulse with the random number that the true random number chip produces, thereby control No. four lasers of first and second Laser Slabs 11,12---first, second, third and fourth laser 4,5,13,14 sends required photon polarization state.The synchronizing signal that recipient's the 2nd FPGA controller 3 needs receiver, transmitting to bring, thus realize the synchronous of both sides' transmitting-receiving.The coding structure of recipient's frame is different with emission side, but the definition of frame format is identical, and flag bit is all arranged between every frame.
When work, first master control borad 9 of quantum signal transmitter is controlled No. four lasers of first and second Laser Slabs 11,12 under the control of software kit---and first, second, third and fourth laser 4,5,13,14 sends laser, links experiment light path 1 again and regulates.Experiment light path 1 makes the bright dipping of quantum signal transmitter decay to the single photon magnitude earlier, regulate polarization state of light by mechanical Polarization Controller again, quantum signal transmitter and the employed basic vector of quantum signal receiver promptly are set, through after the light path, four road combiners become one the tunnel, give the single-photon detector 7 of quantum signal receiver.The signal that the quantum signal receiver receives is mutual with main frame by second master control borad 10 again, can pass through main frame interface observation experiment result.
As shown in Figure 4, in when work, at first, the quantum signal transmitter select H direction, V direction ,+45 ° of directions and-45 ° of direction polarization states, adjust experiment light path 1, the average photon number that makes the pulse in quantum signal transmitter exit is less than 1; Secondly, the polarization state that the quantum signal transmitter is prepared is sent to the quantum signal receiver by fiber channel, the quantum signal receiver selects HV horizontal vertical basic vector and+45 ° ,-45 ° basic vectors that photon is received, then employed basic vector sequence is sent to the quantum signal transmitter, the quantum signal transmitter is abandoned the quantum signal receiver and is used the wrong position of measuring basic vector, generates primary key; At last, select the part primary key to compare at random, the error rate of amount of calculation subsignal transmitter and quantum signal receiver is if error rate is lower than set point, then form safe key, distributing security keys between quantum signal transmitter and quantum signal receiver.
As shown in Figure 4, a described FPGA controller 2 control send at random H direction, V direction ,+polarization state of 45 ° of directions and-45 ° of directions, the 2nd FPGA controller 3 select at random the HV basic vector ,+45 ° ,-45 ° basic vectors receive photon, adjust experiment light path 1, make the average photon number of first, second, third and fourth laser pulse in 4,5,13,14 exits be about 0.1 photon/each pulse.Select a part of primary key to compare at random, the error rate of amount of calculation subsignal transmitter and quantum signal receiver, if both sides' error rate is lower than 11%, then the quantum signal transmitter can obtain a string identical random number with the quantum signal receiver, promptly obtains safe key.
In the present invention, definition quantum signal transmitter is Alice, and definition quantum signal receiver is Bob.Alice prepare at random H direction, V direction ,+45 ° of directions and-45 ° of direction polarization states, consider that the number of photons that the actual laser that uses sends is distributed as Poisson distribution, promptly a plurality of photons may occur in each pulse.And Alice is identical to the modulation of each pulse, that is to say, if comprise a plurality of photons in certain pulse of the light source of Alice, these several photons will have identical polarization state so, listener-in Eve can intercept one or several in the multi-photon pulse, remaining photon is sent to Bob, realize the process (being PNS attacks) of eavesdropping.In order to reduce the possibility of this attack, Alice need guarantee that the pulse great majority that send all are single photons, therefore the average photon number of Alice transmission outlet need be decayed to much smaller than 1(as 0.1 photon/each pulse).The polarization state process optical fiber (or free space) that Alice prepares is when channel is sent to Bob, because the decay of part decay, recipient's light path is arranged on the path, and single-photon detector 7 detection efficients can not reach 100%, and finally having partial pulse can't be detected by Bob.Alice select at random to send H direction, V direction ,+45 ° of directions and-45 ° of direction polarization states, and different light encoded respectively; Bob selects HV basic vector and+45 ° of-45 ° of basic vectors that photon is received at random, and employed basic vector and measurement result are encoded by certain form.So final Bob tells Alice with employed basic vector sequence, and Alice abandons Bob and uses mistake to measure after the bit of basic vector, can generate a string primary key.
If the optical system in path is perfectly, and does not have Eve to eavesdrop, the primary key of Alice and Bob should be identical so.In the real process, owing to prepare, measure the imperfect of light path in the light path, single-photon detector 7 has the reasons such as existence of dark counts, the primary key that Alice and Bob generate understands that some is different, we can select a part of key to compare at random, estimate both sides' error rate and abandon this part key after comparison.If both sides' error rate is lower than 11%, then can safe one-tenth sign indicating number.Pass through a series of follow-up work process key again, can between Alice and Bob, distribute a string safe random key.
The present invention can allow the student take action on one's own by the debugging to experiment light path 1, the process of performance quantum key distribution, and understand the key distribution process intuitively by encrypted transmission one secondary picture, with wrong influence directly perceived in the key distribution to the encryption and decryption picture, thus the basic principle of grasp quantum key distribution.The student can select initial data is analyzed, and oneself finishes initial data to the last handling process that becomes sign indicating number, deepens the understanding to the quantum key distribution process.
Claims (9)
1. quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement, it is characterized in that: comprise the quantum signal transmitter that is used for the emission measure subsignal, experiment light path and the quantum signal receiver that is used for the quantities received subsignal, quantum signal transmitter and quantum signal receiver light path by experiment link to each other, described quantum signal transmitter comprises a FPGA controller and first, two, three, four lasers, the signal output part of a described FPGA controller is respectively with first, two, three, four lasers link to each other, the one FPGA controller is provided with the first PC interface, described first by the interface configuration chip, two, three, four lasers all link to each other with the experiment light path.
2. the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described quantum signal receiver comprises the 2nd FPGA controller and single-photon detector, the signal input part of described the 2nd FPGA controller links to each other with single-photon detector, single-photon detector links to each other with the experiment light path, and the 2nd FPGA controller is provided with the second PC interface by the interface configuration chip.
3. the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described FPGA controller welding is encapsulated on first master control borad, described first and second laser welding is encapsulated on first Laser Slabs, and described third and fourth laser welding is encapsulated on second Laser Slabs.
4. the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described the 2nd FPGA controller welding is encapsulated on second master control borad.
5. the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: a described FPGA controller links to each other with the 2nd FPGA controller, a described FPGA controller is by first PC interface and the host communication, described the 2nd FPGA controller is by second PC interface and the host communication, and the synchronous signal output end of a FPGA controller links to each other with the synchronizing signal end of the 2nd FPGA controller.
6. the communication means of the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 1, this method comprises the step of following order:
(1) the quantum signal transmitter select H direction, V direction ,+polarization state of 45 ° of directions and-45 ° of directions, adjust the experiment light path, the average photon number that makes the pulse in quantum signal transmitter exit is less than 1;
(2) polarization state of quantum signal transmitter preparation is sent to the quantum signal receiver by fiber channel, the quantum signal receiver selects HV horizontal vertical basic vector and+45 ° ,-45 ° basic vectors that photon is received, then employed basic vector sequence is sent to the quantum signal transmitter, the quantum signal transmitter is abandoned the quantum signal receiver and is used the wrong position of measuring basic vector, generates primary key;
(3) select the part primary key to compare at random, the error rate of amount of calculation subsignal transmitter and quantum signal receiver, if error rate is lower than set point, then form safe key, distributing security keys between quantum signal transmitter and quantum signal receiver.
7. the communication means of the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described quantum signal transmitter comprises a FPGA controller and first, two, three, four lasers, the signal output part of a described FPGA controller is respectively with first, two, three, four lasers link to each other, the one FPGA controller is provided with the first PC interface by the interface configuration chip, described first, two, three, four lasers all link to each other with the experiment light path, described quantum signal receiver comprises the 2nd FPGA controller and single-photon detector, the signal input part of described the 2nd FPGA controller links to each other with single-photon detector, single-photon detector links to each other with the experiment light path, and the 2nd FPGA controller is provided with the second PC interface by the interface configuration chip.
8. the communication means of the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: a described FPGA controller choose H horizontal polarization direction, V vertical polarization ,+45 ° of polarization directions and-45 ° of polarization directions are as quantum state, the 2nd FPGA controller selects HV horizontal vertical basic vector and+45 ° ,-45 ° basic vectors that photon is received, adjust the experiment light path, the average photon number that makes first, second, third and fourth pulse in laser exit is 0.1 photon/each pulse.
9. the communication means of the quantum cryptography tutoring system based on the BB84 agreement according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: select a part of primary key to compare at random, the error rate of amount of calculation subsignal transmitter and quantum signal receiver, if both sides' error rate is lower than 11%, then the quantum signal transmitter can obtain a string identical random number with the quantum signal receiver, promptly obtains safe key.
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| CN102983962A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-03-20 | 上海朗研光电科技有限公司 | Polarization self-starting method for polarization encoding quantum secret key distribution system |
| CN104980267A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-14 | 常州隽通电子技术有限公司 | Quantum secret communication system controller |
| CN106254072A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2016-12-21 | 清华大学 | A kind of quantum key distribution system and method |
| CN109413113A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所 | A kind of key synchronization device and method based on optical-fiber network safety of physical layer |
| CN112104428A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-12-18 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Research and development platform for quantum communication photoelectric chip technology |
| CN112756026A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 大连理工江苏研究院有限公司 | Experiment control table and method for quantum communication research and development |
| CN112929156A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-08 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Calculation method for coding error rate of quantum key generation system |
| CN112929155A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-08 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Calculation method for coding error rate of quantum key generation system |
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| CN102983962A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-03-20 | 上海朗研光电科技有限公司 | Polarization self-starting method for polarization encoding quantum secret key distribution system |
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| CN112104428A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-12-18 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Research and development platform for quantum communication photoelectric chip technology |
| CN112929155A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-08 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Calculation method for coding error rate of quantum key generation system |
| CN112929156A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-08 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Calculation method for coding error rate of quantum key generation system |
| CN112929155B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-07-05 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Calculation method for coding error rate of quantum key generation system |
| CN112929156B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-07-05 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Calculation method for coding error rate of quantum key generation system |
| CN112756026A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 大连理工江苏研究院有限公司 | Experiment control table and method for quantum communication research and development |
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Application publication date: 20110914 |