CN102185531A - Solar photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected multi-mode generating system - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected multi-mode generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102185531A CN102185531A CN201110125926XA CN201110125926A CN102185531A CN 102185531 A CN102185531 A CN 102185531A CN 201110125926X A CN201110125926X A CN 201110125926XA CN 201110125926 A CN201110125926 A CN 201110125926A CN 102185531 A CN102185531 A CN 102185531A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to solar photovoltaic generating applications, and in particular relates to a multi-mode photovoltaic generating system, wherein the multi-mode photovoltaic generating system mainly adopts off-grid power generation, and can release gird-connected power generation as for the surplus electric energy which is not consumed completely by a DC (direct-current) emergency load and storage batteries. The system comprises a controller, solar-cell arrays, a storage battery, the DC emergency load, a grid-connected inverter and a public distribution network, wherein a part of DC electric energy output by the solar-cell arrays is supplied for the DC emergency load by a DC bus, and the other part of the DC electric energy output by the solar-cell arrays is stored in the storage batteries. When the voltage of the DC bus is out of the normal range, the storage batteries supply the energy for the DC emergency load by a charge-discharge controller; and when the storage batteries finish the charging and the voltage of the DC bus is within the normal range, the surplus DC electric energy can be converted into AC (alternating-current) electric energy by a DC boost converter and a grid-connected inverter and then the AC electric energy is transmitted to the public distribution network. The system provided by the invention can improve the efficiency and the time of annual power generation of the system, and has good application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar energy power generating and use, especially can based on from net generating, direct current emergency load and storage battery consumption not the unnecessary electric energy multi-mode photovoltaic generating system that can generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
Background technology
Solar energy power generating can replace and less with fossil energy such as resource-constrained, non-renewable coal, oil, natural gas with by its secondary energy sources that convert to.The popularization solar energy power generating is used, and is to consumption figure and the optimization energy resource structure that reduces fossil energy, significant.
Solar energy power generating does not damage the discharging of the pollutant of atmosphere and biological environment, is clean energy resource, the green energy resource of coordinating mutually with the biological environment that the mankind depend on for existence.The popularization solar energy power generating is used, and can reduce the discharge capacity of pollutants such as CO2, SO2 and particle, to alleviating air pollution and preserving the ecological environment the very big effect of performance.
At present, known solar photovoltaic generation system can be divided into from net electricity generation system and grid-connected system according to the operational mode difference of system.
Photovoltaic from the net electricity generation system generally by solar cell array, DC/DC converter, charging-discharging controller, batteries, form from net inverter etc.Solar cell array becomes direct current energy with the solar energy converting that receives, control by the DC/DC converter realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking, then with the output electrical power storage of photovoltaic array in batteries, batteries offers energy DC load or is transformed to alternating current by the DC/AC inverter again by charging-discharging controller supplies with AC load.Photovoltaic is the electricity consumption solution that can adapt to areas without electricity from the net electricity generation system.
Solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system is made up of solar cell array, combining inverter and public power distribution network etc.Solar energy converts direct current energy to by solar cell array, by combining inverter direct current energy is converted to AC energy again, its electric current and public power distribution network voltage same frequency, same-phase.Solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system can work in the area of utility network, and not needing energy storage device is the big advantage of one.
, for from net power generation type system, when batteries is filled, and electric loading of no use, this moment solar cell array because there is not output loading, can not generate electricity, the convertible electric energy of solar cell array is not utilized; And, when distribution network failure, be the control island effect for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the type system, and combining inverter will not be allowed to work, and the convertible electric energy of solar cell array is not utilized yet.
At the deficiency of single photovoltaic from net electricity generation system and grid-connected system, " photovoltaic from net be incorporated into the power networks multi-mode electricity generation system " invention for improving the utilance of solar cell array under the various complicated service conditionss, is disclosed.
Photovoltaic can be applicable to occasions such as corridor solar energy fire emergency, domestic solar direct current emergency power supply from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to improve user's emergency load power supply reliability simultaneously, designed a kind of photovoltaic from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks in order to make full use of the generating capacity of solar cell array.
Photovoltaic is made up of solar cell array, controller, batteries, direct current emergency load, combining inverter, public power distribution network etc. from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks.Solar cell array becomes direct current energy with the solar energy converting that receives, realize MPPT maximum power point tracking by control to the DC/DC converter in the controller, by the dc bus in the controller DC power output part of solar cell array is offered the direct current emergency load then, another part is stored in the batteries.When the DC bus-bar voltage in the controller was outside the normal range of operation value, batteries offered the direct current emergency load by the charging-discharging controller in the controller with energy, guaranteed the reliable power supply of direct current emergency load all the time.Finish and work as battery charging, and the DC bus-bar voltage in the controller is again within the normal range of operation value time, the direct current energy that the process solar cell array converts to, by dc bus in the controller and DC booster converter, by combining inverter unnecessary direct current energy is converted to the AC energy that satisfies the condition that is incorporated into the power networks again and sends into public power distribution network.
Photovoltaic has from the be incorporated into the power networks function of mixed power generation of net from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks, and based on from the net generating, it is auxilliary generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.Photovoltaic is master variable from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks with the batteries terminal voltage, realized the electricity consumption of DC generation direct current, immediately generate electricity instant electricity consumption, exhaustless electric energy just feed-in exchange public power distribution network, guaranteed the reliable power supply of direct current emergency load.Photovoltaic has reduced the transformation of electrical energy link from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks, and has improved system effectiveness; Photovoltaic has effectively improved system's year generating dutation from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks, and has improved system's annual energy output.Photovoltaic has effectively utilized the clean energy resource that solar cell array provides under the various complicated service conditionss from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks, and has a good application prospect.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a photovoltaic from the net multi-mode electricity generation system schematic diagram that is incorporated into the power networks.
Fig. 2 is a photovoltaic from the net multi-mode electricity generation system middle controller schematic diagram that is incorporated into the power networks.
Fig. 3 is the relay control flow chart of operational mode control unit in the controller.
Embodiment
1, photovoltaic is from the be incorporated into the power networks circuit topology of multi-mode electricity generation system of net
In Fig. 1, described photovoltaic from net be incorporated into the power networks the multi-mode electricity generation system composition be connected.The input of the output termination controller of solar cell array, described controller have three tunnel outputs, and its first via output connects direct current emergency load (as power-type LED lighting load, movable electrical appliances charger etc.); Its second tunnel output connects batteries; Its Third Road output connects the input of combining inverter, and the output of described combining inverter connects public power distribution network.
In Fig. 2, the composition of having described photovoltaic critical component one controller in net is incorporated into the power networks the multi-mode electricity generation system is connected with inner.
The composition of controller is: anti-electric current pours in down a chimney diode D3, MPPT maximum power point tracking device, dc bus, charging-discharging controller, DC booster converter, operational mode control unit, emergent output transfer relay J1, output relay J2 is incorporated into the power networks.
The inside of controller connects: the input of controller pours in down a chimney the input that diode D3 connects the MPPT maximum power point tracking device by anti-electric current, the output termination dc bus of described MPPT maximum power point tracking device, described dc bus connect the first via output of controller by the normally opened contact of emergent output transfer relay J1; Described dc bus also connects the input of charging-discharging controller, described charging-discharging controller has two tunnel outputs, its first via output is exported by the first via that the emergent normally-closed contact of exporting transfer relay J1 connects controller, and its second tunnel output connects the second tunnel output of controller; Described dc bus also connects the input of DC booster converter by the normally opened contact of the output relay J2 that is incorporated into the power networks, the output of described DC booster converter connects the Third Road output of controller.
In Fig. 2, the composition of operational mode control unit in the controller has been described also.Comprise: solar cell array voltage sampling circuit, DC bus-bar voltage sample circuit, accumulator battery voltage sample circuit and microcontroller MCU.
The rated value of DC bus-bar voltage should adapt with the rated value of direct current emergency load.
DC booster converter adopts the BOOST DC transfer circuit, according to the ratio of combining inverter input voltage with the DC bus-bar voltage rated value, determine the duty ratio of its switching device, duty ratio at described its switching device of DC booster converter duration of work is fixed all the time, and its output input direct voltage no-load voltage ratio also is constant.
It is main switching device that charging-discharging controller uses power MOSFET, and microcontroller PIC is a control circuit.
Combining inverter uses full-bridge inverter circuit to be main circuit, and digital signal processor DSP is a control circuit.
2, photovoltaic is from the be incorporated into the power networks energy management of multi-mode electricity generation system of net
For reaching the target that makes full use of the electric energy that solar cell array changes, photovoltaic is a multi-objective coordinated control strategy from the be incorporated into the power networks energy management strategy of multi-mode electricity generation system of net, finish its specific implementation method jointly by operational mode control unit, MPPT maximum power point tracking device, charging-discharging controller, combining inverter:
The controlled target of MPPT maximum power point tracking device is in intensity of solar radiation, ambient temperature, the maximum power output of realization solar cell array automatically when loading condition changes;
Charging-discharging controller control charging peak current disconnects charge circuit and disconnects discharge loop when under-voltage when being full of;
The combining inverter run duration has the automatic regulatory function of power output, makes DC bus-bar voltage in working range;
The controlled target of operational mode control unit is preferentially to give direct current emergency load and storage battery with the direct current energy of solar cell array conversion, just unnecessary electric energy is passed through DC booster converter in the controller then, be converted to the AC energy that satisfies the condition that is incorporated into the power networks by combining inverter again and send into public power distribution network.
The energy management strategy of photovoltaic operational mode control unit in net is incorporated into the power networks the multi-mode electricity generation system has been described in Fig. 3.
The operational mode control unit detects DC bus-bar voltage Vdc, accumulator battery voltage Vbat, calculate the mean value in the certain hour, according to described mean value, determine the coil electricity state of relay J 1, J2 by driving switch pipe S1, S2 in the level mode, the contacts status of control relay J1, J2 determines the source of emergent output and whether starts parallel network reverse.
When DC bus-bar voltage Vdc_min＜Vdc＜Vdc_max, the S1 end output high level of operational mode control unit, the normally opened contact closure of emergent output transfer relay J1, normally-closed contact disconnects, the electric energy of emergent output is from dc bus, promptly from the real-time generating of solar cell array; When DC bus-bar voltage Vdc＜Vdc_min or Vdc＞Vdc_max, the S1 end output low level of operational mode control unit, the normally opened contact of emergent output transfer relay J1 disconnects, the normally-closed contact closure, the electric energy of emergent output is from the output of charging-discharging controller, promptly from the energy storage of batteries.
When accumulator battery voltage Vbat 〉=Vbat_max, the S2 of operational mode control unit end output high level, the normally opened contact closure of the output relay J2 that is incorporated into the power networks starts parallel network reverse; When accumulator battery voltage Vbat＜Vbat_max, the S2 of operational mode control unit end output low level, the normally opened contact of the output relay J2 that is incorporated into the power networks disconnects, and does not start parallel network reverse.
Claims (10)
1. a photovoltaic is from the net multi-mode electricity generation system that is incorporated into the power networks, comprise: controller, solar cell array, batteries, direct current emergency load, combining inverter, public power distribution network, the input of the output termination controller of solar cell array, controller has three tunnel outputs, and its first via output connects direct current emergency load (as power-type LED lighting load, movable electrical appliances charger etc.); Its second tunnel output connects batteries; Its Third Road output connects public power distribution network through combining inverter, photovoltaic is that controller comprises from the be incorporated into the power networks feature of multi-mode electricity generation system of net: operational mode control unit, anti-electric current pour in down a chimney diode D3, MPPT maximum power point tracking device, dc bus, charging-discharging controller, DC booster converter, emergent output transfer relay J1, output relay J2 is incorporated into the power networks.
2. controller according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the input of controller pours in down a chimney the input that diode D3 connects the MPPT maximum power point tracking device by anti-electric current, the output termination dc bus of described MPPT maximum power point tracking device, described dc bus connect the first via output of controller by the normally opened contact of emergent output transfer relay J1; Described dc bus also connects the input of charging-discharging controller, described charging-discharging controller has two tunnel outputs, its first via output is exported by the first via that the emergent normally-closed contact of exporting transfer relay J1 connects controller, and its second tunnel output connects the second tunnel output of controller; Described dc bus also connects the input of DC booster converter by the normally opened contact of the output relay J2 that is incorporated into the power networks, the output of described DC booster converter connects the Third Road output of controller.
3. operational mode control unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprising: solar cell array voltage sampling circuit, DC bus-bar voltage sample circuit, accumulator battery voltage sample circuit and microcontroller MCU.
4. operational mode control unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, detect DC bus-bar voltage Vdc, accumulator battery voltage Vbat, calculate the mean value in the certain hour, according to described mean value,, determine the coil electricity state of relay J 1, J2 with level mode driving switch pipe S1, S2, the contacts status of control relay J1, J2 determines the energy source of emergent output and whether starts parallel network reverse.
5. operational mode control unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when DC bus-bar voltage Vdc_min＜Vdc＜Vdc_max, the S1 end output high level of control unit, the normally opened contact closure of emergent output transfer relay J1, normally-closed contact disconnects, and the electric energy of emergent output is from dc bus, promptly from the real-time generating of solar cell array; When DC bus-bar voltage Vdc＜Vdc_min or Vdc＞Vdc_max, the S1 end output low level of control unit, the normally opened contact of emergent output transfer relay J1 disconnects the normally-closed contact closure, the electric energy of emergent output is from the output of charging-discharging controller, promptly from the energy storage of batteries.
6. operational mode control unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when accumulator battery voltage Vbat 〉=Vbat_max, and the S2 of control unit end output high level, the normally opened contact closure of the output relay J2 that is incorporated into the power networks starts parallel network reverse; When accumulator battery voltage Vbat＜Vbat_max, the S2 of control unit end output low level, the normally opened contact of the output relay J2 that is incorporated into the power networks disconnects, and does not start parallel network reverse.
7. DC bus-bar voltage according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the rated value of the rated value of DC bus-bar voltage and direct current emergency load adapts.
8. DC booster converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt the BOOST DC transfer circuit, according to the ratio of combining inverter input voltage with the DC bus-bar voltage rated value, determine the duty ratio of its switching device, duty ratio at described its switching device of DC booster converter duration of work is fixed all the time, and its output input direct voltage no-load voltage ratio also is constant.
9. charging-discharging controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that, using power MOSFET is main switching device, and microcontroller PIC is a control circuit, and control charging peak current disconnects charge circuit and disconnects discharge loop when under-voltage when being full of.
10. combining inverter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that use full-bridge inverter circuit to be main circuit, digital signal processor DSP is a control circuit, run duration has the automatic regulatory function of power output, makes DC bus-bar voltage in working range.
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| CN201110125926XA CN102185531A (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Solar photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected multi-mode generating system |
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| CN103560537A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-02-05 | 国家电网公司 | Area distribution photovoltaic power supply grid-connected system and control method of area distribution photovoltaic power supply grid-connected system |
| CN103842248A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-04 | 空中客车德国运营有限责任公司 | Window module for an aircraft or spacecraft |
| CN103872754A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic solar power supplying control method and system |
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Application publication date: 20110914 |