CN1021850C - Optical fiber cable and method of making same - Google Patents
Optical fiber cable and method of making same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1021850C CN1021850C CN 86105424 CN86105424A CN1021850C CN 1021850 C CN1021850 C CN 1021850C CN 86105424 CN86105424 CN 86105424 CN 86105424 A CN86105424 A CN 86105424A CN 1021850 C CN1021850 C CN 1021850C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an optical fiber cable which is provided with a core composed of a plurality of unit bodies composed of multiple optical fibers. When the optical fibers are assembled, the optical fibers are not consciously hinged. The unit bodies are sealed in a common pipe which is filled with water-proofing materials to fill gaps between the optical fibers and the unit bodies. The critical yield stress of the water-proofing materials does not exceed about 70 bars (20 DEG C), and shear elasticity is less than about 13 kilobars (20 DEG C). A nonmetallic or metallic stiffening member, a plastic inner sleeve, a stiffening member of the other layer and a plastic outer sleeve are arranged outside the common pipe. The optical fibers can move in a cable structure so as to avoid the action of inappropriate stress.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of optical cable and manufacture method thereof.Or rather, the present invention relates to a kind of optic fibre core, it has the cell cube of a plurality of multifilaments, and they are contained in the pipe, and this pipe also has the extention of some prepuce tissues.
Optical-fibre communications field has been obtained development rapidly.Yet but still experiencing some great transformations on its technology.For example, earlier generations fiber communication system carries out work on the wavelength of about 0.8 μ m, and the operating wavelength range of modern communication systems is 1.3 μ m.At present, people's interest place is that the operation wavelength of communication system is brought up to 1.55 μ m, in order in order to silica being main optical fiber exists the loss window in this wavelength coverage advantage.Another great change is to turn to the singlet fiber from polymorphic fiber, and this transformation is by bandwidth being had higher requirement and producing.
Though require light guide optical fiber to have bigger bandwidth capacity and less size, they are very crisp, very easily rupture when bearing pulling force, and its photoconductivity will descend when bending.This because flexure plane causes the decline of transmissibility, be commonly referred to as the microcosmic bending loses.Therefore, people have been developed cable configuration, thereby can protect optical fiber from physical construction.
The optical cable that is used for pipeline must be able to bear drag load that is subjected to and the stress that is caused by bending when it is drawn in pipeline.Already used cable configuration comprises movable tube cable, stranded formula optical cable and belt optical cable.
The explanation of relevant movable tube cable, can be referring to " Recent Deve Lopments in Mini-Unit Cable " literary composition (publishing in 32 international electric wires and optical cable meeting (1983) collection of thesis P.301-307) of D.Lawrence and P.Bark, also can be referring to U.S. Pat-4,153,332.
The belt optical cable is made of one or more belt, every belt all comprises many optical fibers, the arranged distribution of these fibers roughly is the plane pencil, U.S. Pat-4,078,853 have showed a kind of optical cable that comprises a banded fuse, and its fuse is surrounded by overlapping in the plastic tube-shape of a loose fit.Plastic wrapper is strengthened with stiffener, is connected closely with reinforcement in order to make overcoat, and reinforcement is enclosed in the overcoat.
In some cases, especially a lot of when crooked (for example being located at the pipeline in the circular device in urban district) are arranged when piping system, the drag load that optical cable bears will be bigger, U.S. Pat-4,241,979 disclose a kind of improved optical communication optical cable, it can be applicable to above-mentioned situation, it in plastics extrude, overlap and overcoat between, increased a laying (on laying, twining reinforcement spirally), with the control overcoat to the encapsulation degree of reinforcement.This cable has the two-layer reinforcing section that separates, and they twine in opposite direction, does the time spent when being subjected to sustained load (pulling force), and two enhancement Layers produce numerical value around optical cable and equate but the opposite torque of direction that this can guarantee that optical cable is unlikely to take place twisting.
The belt optical cable has many good character, and one of them is to be easy to carry out fibrous bundle connect.As U.S. Pat-3,864, the fibrous bundle electric wire connecting junction shown in 018 just can be in the on-the-spot use of factory, and it is compared with the single fiber interconnection technique can save a lot of times.Another advantage is, compares with stranding optical cable, and the fibre density on optical cable unit's xsect is higher.
In another kind of optical communication optical cable, many optical fibers are encapsulated in plastics and extrude in the pipe and become a cell cube, and many such tubular type cell cubes are encapsulated in public plastics again and extrude in the pipe, are enclosed in the foreskin and this root extrudes Guan Ze.In general, the optical fiber that is encapsulated in each tubular type cell cube all twists together around certain central reinforce member, why uses the reason of central reinforce member, is optical cable because it is packed into easily.In addition, the optical cable that central reinforce member is housed is combined in the easier bending of optical cable in the foreskin to stiffener than the sort of, yet, when this optical cable bends, its center stiffener may can head on has in some cases managed one or more fiber of compression, thus damaged fiber.
Generally speaking, optical cable of the prior art, as the belt optical cable, stranding optical cable and movable tube cable, all has such shortcoming, that is: their ribbon, stranded cell cube or pipe all will be made on the production line that separates, for example, a plurality of cell cubes in the stranding optical cable, be be encapsulated in respectively in the pipe and stranded after, deliver to one again and add that to them each cell cube must be made on the production line of common pipe and overcoat on another production line, to wait until that always they just can leave this production line when a plurality of unit physical efficiency was attached in the common pipe simultaneously.Because it is stranded that ribbon or tubular core are always undertaken by certain predetermined lay,,, do very undesirable like this from the viewpoint of the manufacturing so when making them and belt or pipe being put into cable core, use some quite heavy rotating machinerys.
The way that in optical cable core, adds a kind of waterproof inserts for the immersion of anti-sealing, make the optical cable manufacturing become more complicated, U.S. Pat-4,176,240 disclose used a kind of viscoelasticity waterproof material in the past, in general, used waterproof material is when optical cable manufacturing and processing, though deform but can not surrender, waterproof material can prevent that optical fiber is moved and twists in optical cable, because (cycle of this contact is quite little) that optical fiber contacted is the surface of non-yielding packing material, fiber is more little with the cycle that unyielding surface contacts, and then the microcosmic bending loses is big more, pass through stranding optical cable, what can solve some problems, because stranding optical cable can make fiber form new helix under stress, thereby avoid little curved loss.Application number is submissions such as No.697,054(1985,1,31, C.H.Gartside III) application in a kind of filling mixture of similar railway grease is disclosed, its critical yield stress is quite low.
Obviously, the optical cable that suits the requirements is different with used cable of past.Manufacturing not of this optical cable should be more expensive than now used, and structure is more compact, and this optical cable also should be able to stop the generation of the inappropriate stress that causes the little curved loss of fiber optics.Can believe that do not have a kind of like this optical cable in the prior art, people wish to obtain a kind of cheap Fiber Optical Communication System always for a long time.
The problems referred to above are solved by optical cable of the present invention and manufacture method thereof.Optical cable of the present invention has many optical fibers, and they are fitted together (not carrying out stranded consciously) and form a cell cube, and this cell cube is along the axial stretching, extension of optical cable.The pipe that is made of plastics, its length can be sealed multifiber, pipe and optical cable axially parallel.The ratio of xsect is no more than certain predetermined value in the xsect of multifiber and the pipe, and this predetermined value is about 0.5 in a most preferred embodiment (optical fiber has cladding in this example).This optical cable also has at least one stiffener and a sheath body, and sheath body is made of plastics, and can seal the length of pipe.In one embodiment, optical cable has a plurality of cell cubes, and each cell cube includes many optical fibers, and the length of the pipe that is made of plastics can be sealed a plurality of cell cubes, and the length of pipe is not more than the length of fiber in the cell cube.In one embodiment, be contained in the pipe and be mainly used to the waterproof material in space between fill fiber, its critical yield stress (20 ℃ time) is not more than about 70 crust, and shear modulus (about 20 ℃ time) is approximately less than 13 kilobars.Each cell cube is separated from each other by waterproof material, and a plurality of unit all are enclosed in the length range of a common pipe (do not resemble be in the prior art separately pipe).The characteristics of waterproof material are: before reaching critical stress value, it resembles works the elastic solid (Hookean body), then resembles to work the liquid after surpassing critical stress value.
In a kind of method of making optical cable, multifiber each other charging side by side to form a cell cube, subsequently to the cell cube bundle that stretches tight, extrude out the pipe that is made of plastics around cell cube after, mix stiffener to optical cable.And then wrap the sheath body that one deck is made of plastics to pipe.
In another embodiment, a plurality of cell cubes of being got up by the bundle that stretched tight can make and be sent to an extruder on a public production line, and it can be extruded a pipe that is made of plastics and seal a plurality of cell cubes.When forming pipe, waterproof material (its critical yield stress is not more than about 70 crust 20 ℃ the time, shear modulus in the time of 20 ℃ approximately less than 13 kilobars) can be introduced cable core.It is filled in the space between the fiber optics and between the cell cube.Then, can add prepuce tissues around public plastic tube, prepuce tissues comprises one deck sheath body and some stiffeners at least, and these stiffeners are arranged between the outside surface of pipe and sheath body.
If read the relevant detailed description of following specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, then be more readily understood some other feature of the present invention.
The skeleton view of Fig. 1 optical cable of the present invention;
The end-view of Fig. 2 Fig. 1 optical cable;
Fig. 3 clads the end-view of optical fiber;
The practical stress one strain exemplary graph of Fig. 4 Fig. 1 optical cable waterproof material;
Fig. 5 is used for the production line sketch of shop drawings 1 optical cable;
Fig. 6 Fig. 5 production line part skeleton view, its shows pack into the situation of cell cube separately of optical fiber feed and multifiber;
The part skeleton view of Fig. 7 Fig. 5 device, it shows a kind of device that is used for adjusting Fig. 1 optical cable core and foreskin length ratio;
The skeleton view of Fig. 8 optical cable different embodiments of the present invention.
The skeleton view of Fig. 9 another embodiment of optical cable of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, they are depicted as a most preferred embodiment of optical cable 20 of the present invention.It comprises a fuse 21 that is made of a plurality of cell cubes, and each cell cube all represents that with numeral 22 it contains many independently optical fiber 24-24.In addition, each root among the optical fiber 24-24 comprises that again fiber 26 and one or more layers cladding 28-28(see Fig. 3).Here said term optical fiber is construed as to be fiber itself and to be added in any cladding above it.Each cell cube 22-22 can be a twisted wire, can be non-twisted wire also, that is to say that cell cube is parallel with the longitudinal axis 29 of optical cable basically, or constitutes by the lay of certain swing.
Should think that the fiber optics 24-24 that each cell cube 22-22 is comprised in the most preferred embodiment is not to twist together to assemble, big lay length is provided with and cell cube itself is on the contrary studied carefully with nothing.Fiber optics can be along with the relative section of cell cube undulate, the length that consequently makes every fiber optics is at least less times greater than the length of foreskin.Do like this and can prevent that optical cable from passing to light transmitting fiber 24-24 to the inappropriate distortion that produced in manufacturing, installation and the course of work.
Can see further that from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 fuse 21 is made of a plurality of cell cubes.Their each bands 32 that freely stretches tight stretch tight and prick and be enclosed in the pipe 34.The pipe 34 that plastics (for example Polyvinylchloride or tygon) are made is being adorned get up and the cell cube that do not form tubulose of those bundles that stretched tight, and pipe 34 is parallel with the longitudinal axis 29 of cable 20.
An important feature of optical cable of the present invention is its packing density.The definition of packing density is: the cross-sectional area of fiber optics and surface coating layer thereof and the ratio of the total xsect that is sealed by pipe 34.If packing density is too high, the fiber optics in the fuse may be subjected to higher stress, and may rupture when the processing optical cable.The reason that this thing happens when packing density was too high is, when using waterproof material (it is surrendered) under higher stress, fiber optics can not fully move the stress that is for example occurred when the bending with release in pipe.In the prior art, this problem can be by solving stranded of each pipe sealing cell cube.Yet well-known stranded linear velocity is slower, thereby causes cost to increase.
In embodiment illustrated in figures 1 and 2, in the fuse between cell cube 22-22 and cell cube and the pipe 34 filling a kind of suitable waterproof material 36.After measured, filling mixture also must play the effect that light transmitting fiber is in low-stress state of keeping in the optical cable.Shifting to an earlier date disclosed application number is No.697, in 054 the application case, discloses a kind of like this material, and it is a kind of railway grease potpourri that is filled with micelle.
In general railway grease be a kind of solid or semi-liquid material, and it has added thickening agent or gel in liquid-carrier.The gel that is used in the railway grease all is fatty acid soaps usually, but also can use the higher material of fusing point, as clay, silica, organic dyestuff, aromatic amides and urea derivative etc.
When railway grease was subjected to less stress, its behavior resembled a kind of solid matter basically.If stress surpasses certain critical value.Viscosity just sharply descends, and material takes place to flow.The decline of viscosity can recover basically, because this is to cause that owing to the netted connection between filler particle causes to destroy along with the elimination of overcritical stress, these connections can form again.
The filling compound of cable filler or waterproof material, especially fiber optic cables should be able to satisfy many-sided needs.One of them requirement is: the physical property of optical cable will remain in the acceptable limit in a quite wide temperature range (promptly from-40 ℃～about 76 ℃ approximately).Also having a requirement is that syneresis does not relatively take place in the said temperature scope packing material.Syneresis is meant oil separating out from gelinite under stress.The packing material that is used in the optical cable also should have lower shear modulus.According to prior art, because it is believed that, shear modulus is directly relevant with little curved loss amount, so it is a critical materials parameter of fiber optic cables packing material." Optical Fiber Telecommunications " [Academic Press that the discussion of relevant little curved loss can be write referring to people such as S.E.Miller, New York(1979), PP.158-161] in general, long wavelength's little curved loss is than short wavelength's more difficult control.Therefore, importantly want to produce a kind of optical cable, it does not have tangible optical cable inductive loss when longer wavelength (for example 1.55 μ m).
Best waterproof material is by two kinds of principal ingredients, i.e. oil and gel (as colloidal solid), and as the potpourri of the leakage inhibitor of the third principal ingredient formation, the third composition is can be optional.Other composition, for example thermal oxidation stabilizer etc. also is can be optional.
The polybutylene lubricating oil that is used for waterproof material, its minimum proportion is about 0.83, maximum solidifying point (is pressed ASTM D97 or ASTM103,104A, the 140B type) approximately less than 18 ℃, the potpourri of also available polybutylene oil and naphthenic oil or paraffin oil (pressing ASTM D-226 tests), the minimum proportion of back two kinds of compositions is about 0.86, and maximum solidifying point (pressing ASTM D97) is approximately less than-4 ℃.As the special case of optical cable oil of the present invention is polybutylene oil, and it is a kind of synthetic hydrocarbon oils, and its solidifying point (pressing ASTMD97) is-35 ℃, and SUS viscosity (99 ℃ time) is 1005, and proportion is 0.8509, and mean molecular weight is 460.Can obtain this oil (commercial mark L-100) from the Amoco chemical company of Texas.Another kind of oil is paraffin oil, and solidifying point (pressing ASTM D97) is-25 ℃, and SUS viscosity (90 ° time) is 53.7, and mean specific gravity is 0.884, aromatic oil maximum level 1%(weight ratio).This oil can be labeled as Drakeol35 from the Penreco of Butler(in continent, Pennsylvania) obtain.Some other oil also has vegetable oil (being castor oil) and its synthetic hydrocarbon oil (as polypropylene oils) based on triglyceride.When fire resistance requires, can be with chloride about 30-75%(weight ratio), the chlorocosanes of viscosity between 100 and 1000 centipoises in the time of 25 ℃, Paroil are examples of this oil, it can obtain from the Dover chemical company in continent, Ohio.Addition is less than the 5%(weight ratio) the polymerizing acrylic acid ester or similarly material can be used to do freezing point inhibitor.ECA7955 is an example, and it can obtain from Exxon chemical company.
Colloid filler particles in the oil can form reticulate texture by the hydrogen-oxygen group that connects the surface.This gel physical efficiency is born the load of subcritical stress value.When load surpassed this stress value, reticulate texture was destroyed, and material presents the characteristic of similar liquids and takes place mobile under this stress.This performance is exactly usually said thixotropy.
Being used for the colloid filler of optical cable of the present invention, comprising colloidal silica, can be hydrophobic, also can be hydrophilic, the preferably hydrophobic system of forging silica, and its BET surface area is about 50～400 meters
2Between/the gram.The topped system of the forging silica that dimethyl silicone polymer is arranged is a hydrophobic example forging the system silica, about 80～120 meters of its BET surface area
2/ gram, contain the 5%(weight ratio of having an appointment) carbon, can obtain (mark Cab-O-Sil N70-TS) from the Cabat company in continent, Illinois.A kind of typical hydrophilic colloid material is that the BET surface area is a 175-225 rice
2The system of the forging silica of/gram, its demarcation grain size is 0.012 μ m, proportion is 2.2 also can obtain (mark Cab-O-Sil M-5) from Cabot company.Can be used for other colloid filler of the present invention, have through or without surface-treated deposit silica and clay, for example bentonitic clay.
The holding property of oil of railway grease of the present invention can be improved by add one or more leakage inhibitors in potpourri.Leaking inhibitor can be a kind of rubber block copolymers, and it is the quite high semiliquid of a kind of viscosity (also can claim a semisolid sometimes) rubber, also can be other suitable rubber.Segmented copolymer and semiliquid rubber are generically and collectively referred to as rubber polymer.In the railway grease potpourri, add rubber polymer, can make the quantity of the colloidal solid that must add reduce to some extent in order to prevent the gelinite syneresis.The minimizing of threshing quantity is cost-saved, and can make the prescription of non-leakage mixture have lower critical yield stress.
Can be as the rubber block copolymers of optical cable waterproof material potpourri of the present invention, styrene rubber and styrene rubber-styrene block copolymer are arranged, the ratio of its multipolymer and rubber between 0.1-0.8, molecular weight (viscosity during with 25 ℃ in toluene is represented) from about 100 centipoises (the rubber liquation of 20% weight ratio) to about 2000 centipoises (in the rubber solutions of 15% weight ratio).Typical block rubber has: a) styrene-ethylene propylene-based block copolymer (SEP), its not plasticising, styrene is approximately 0.59 with the ratio of rubber, proportion is approximately 0.93, fracture strength (by ASTM D-412) is 300 pounds/square inch, can obtain (commercial mark Kraton G1701) from the Shell chemical company of Texas; B) styrene-ethylene butene block copolymer (SEB), styrene and rubber can obtain (mark TRW-7-1511) from Shell chemical company than about 0.41; C) styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene block rubber (SEBS), its not plasticising, styrene and rubber ratio are about 0.16, proportion about 0.90,750% extensibility, 300% modulus (by ASTM D-412) is 350 pounds/square inch, can obtain (commercial mark Kroton G1657) from Shell chemical company.Other styrene-rubber or styrene-rubber-styrene segmented copolymer has styrene isoprene rubber (SI) and styrene-isoprene-phenylethene (SIS) rubber, styrene-butadiene (SB) and s-B-S (SBS) rubber.Kraton D1107 can be used as the example of SIS, and Kraton D1102 can be used as the example of SBS, and the two all can obtain from Shell chemical company.
Can be used for semiliquid rubber of the present invention full-bodied polyisobutylene is arranged, its Flory molecular weight is between 20000～70000, wherein be typically the Flory molecular weight and be approximately 42,600～46,100, proportion about 0.91, the Brookfield viscosity number is approximately 26 when 350 °F (about 177 ℃), the polyisobutylene of 000～35,000 centipoise, it can obtain (commercial mark Vistanex LM-MS) from the Exxon chemical company of Texas.Some other is considered to useful rubber, butyl rubber, EP rubbers (EPR), ethylene-propylene diene copolymer rubber (EPDM) and neoprene are arranged, and Qi Muni (Mooney) viscosity ML1+8 (presses ASTM D-1646) greatly between 20 and 90 in the time of 100 ℃.The rubber that is fit to above-mentioned requirements has butyl 077, Vistalon404, and Vistalon3708 and chlorobutyl 1066, these products can both obtain from Exxon chemical company.The depolymerized rubber of viscosity number (38 ℃ time) between about 40,000 and 400,000 centipoises is also available.DPR75 is exactly an example, and it can obtain from the Hardman incorporated company of New Jersey.
Used and a kind ofly held the corresponding to step of test method with the PE-89 of farm electrification management board (REA) oil basically, the oil situation of holding has been tested.If can obtain the oil mass of drip in this way, can think so that this railway grease potpourri is not being held by oil to test.Another kind of test is to restrain potpourri samples centrifugal treating 60 minutes under 10,000 rev/mins of conditions to 30, and the oil of secreting again after the test carries out weighing.After measured, can have desired holding property of oil up to 60 ℃ or 80 ℃ the time in order to make potpourri, the oil content that it showed during room temperature separate not can not greater than 7% and 2.5%(measure by above-mentioned centrifugal test).
The potpourri of waterproof material 36 is used for preventing that effectively sealing enters optical cable core 20.In order to make optical cable have the good optical performance, reduce to minimum to the loss that appends on the optical cable.Though it is the factor that consider that the oil of the potpourri of waterproof material is being held characteristic, the most important still optical property of optical cable 20.
Table 1 is depicted as the effect that several different leakage inhibitor oil separate, and oily separation situation is meant two kinds of different oil (Drakeol35 and L100) in the table.The potpourri that contains multipolymer of this third block is by the 92%(weight ratio) oil, the 6%(weight ratio) the Cab-OSil N-70-TS micelle filling agent and the inhibitor of 2%(weight ratio constitute.Semi-liquid potpourri LM-MS that contains rubber is by the 6%(weight ratio) N70-TS colloid inserts, specified amount inhibitor and 89 and the 84%(weight ratio) Drakeol 35 constitute.
Table 1
Inhibitor Drakeol35 L-100
The %(fractional dose) %(fractional dose)
2%SEP 2.5 0.7
2%SES 11 3.5
2%（SEBS） 5 2
5%（LM-MS） 7 -
10%（LM-MS） 2 -
Table 11 is depicted as several oil that leak the inhibitor potpourri that do not contain and separates data.Obviously, add the content that leaks inhibitor ratio increase micelle in potpourri and can prevent effectively that more oil from separating or drip.And, when the content of colloid grain in the railway grease is increased to when syneresis point does not take place, also will cause the increase of critical yield stress.Therefore, in order to avoid syneresis fully, if need not leak inhibitor, it is impossible requiring critical yield stress to get than low value in some cases.The data of table 2 obtain under use N70-TS colloid inserts and Drakeol 35 oil conditions.
Table 2
Oil separates
Forge system silica %(weight ratio) 678 10
Oil separates the %(weight ratio) 36 28 20 14
Figure 4 shows that a kind of thixotroping material (for example waterproof material 36) stress-strain curve Figure 37 under constant strain, it has provided some important parameters.At 38 sections of stress-strain curve 37, the behavior of material is an elastic solid (Hookean body) basically.This section from zero stress to critical yield stress δ c.Represent that with γ c 1 is critical shear stress with the corresponding strain of δ c.From definition, coordinate δ c, γ c represent the beginning surrendered, and amount δ c/ γ c(or d δ/d γ are to δ＜δ c) be commonly referred to as the shear modulus (Ge) of material.
Prior art thinks that the packing material of optical cable will have low Ge value, yet, find out that should be used for from some at least, the Ge low value of packing material is not enough to guarantee low optical cable loss, and parameter δ c(critical yield stress) also will be controlled.The critical yield stress of material therefor of the present invention generally is not more than 70 crust (measuring) in the time of 20 ℃, and shear modulus is less than about 13 kilobars (20 ℃ time).
39 sections of Fig. 4 stress-strain curves, the increase numerical value of expression strain increment when stress increases.Stress δ Y is that it is and the corresponding strain of stress δ Y at given rate of strain γ Y() time material maximum stress value that can support.When strain surpassed γ Y, stress at first descended (shown in segment of curve 40), and when strain continuation increase, stress becomes no longer relevant with strain (as segment of curve 41 expressions).Therefore, when γ＞δ Y, waterproof material has showed a kind of behavior of similar liquids.
The inserts potpourri of filled optical cable 20 generally contains about 77-95%(weight ratio) oil.As being rubber block copolymers with leaking inhibitor and inhibitor, so You content is generally in about 90～95%(weight ratio).Moreover, be semiliquid rubber if leak inhibitor, so You content is generally in about 77～91%(weight ratio).In addition, comprise the 15%(weight ratio in the potpourri at the most), (preferably 10%(weight) at the most) colloidal solid.If colloidal solid is to forge the system silica, so general content range is the about 10%(weight ratio of 2-), concerning some was used, optimum range was 5～8%(weight ratio usually).It is general about 0.5～15% to leak the content of inhibitor in the potpourri, and concerning block copolymer rubber, optimum range is about 0.5～5% usually, and double liquid rubber, the about 3～15%(weight ratio of optimum range usually).Also can contain a spot of oxidation stabilizers and other adjuvant in the potpourri, they are can be optional.For example, stabilizing agent can be four methane (tetrakismethane), and it can obtain (commercial mark Irganox1010) from Ciba-Ceigy company.In general, the amount of oil, colloidal solid and leakage inhibitor (if with), be about amount of the mixture 99% or greater than the 99%(weight ratio).
Table 3 is depicted as exemplary potpourri, can recently analyze from mixture weight, these potpourris all prepare with known method, generally can be earlier blending stock, leak inhibitor, antioxidant and micelle material and be placed under room temperature and the atmospheric pressure, and then be placed under room temperature and partial vacuum (general vacuum pressure is less than the about 300 torrs) condition and make up.Some potpourri, for example E can be heated to about 150 ℃ while stirring, is keeping about 4 hours under this temperature again.Can calculate resulting potpourri then, comprise with awl one board-like rheometer measurement some δ c and Ge.Table 3 has also provided the exemplary brief description of these performances, and the measurement temperature of all δ c and Ge is about 20 ℃.
In disclosed all the potpourri examples of table 3, routine A is best one.With the stress value of (a) expression, when measuring, do not pass through Ageing Treatment, then pass through the timeliness of fixed time with those values of (b) expression.Though used the leakage inhibitor in many potpourri examples of table 3, some is not through dropleting flowing test.Yet with the optical cable that any potpourri in the table 3 is filled, its optical property can both meet the demands.
The mechanical property of potpourri of the present invention is the function of colloidal solid content.For example, after measured, δ c and Ge all reduce along with the reduction of content of colloid grain.
Table 3 potpourri (percentage by weight)
Example A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Component
Oil (Drakeol35) 93 97.5 92.5 92 92 95.5 92 92 88 83 91.5
Oil (L-100) 93 92
Colloid filler (N70-TS) 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
Colloid filler (MS) 2.5 2.5
Leak inhibitor 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5
（Kraton G 1701）
Leak inhibitor 2.0
（Kraton G1657）
Leak inhibitor 2.0
（TRW-7-1511）
Leak inhibitor (LM-MS) 5.0 1.0
Stabilizing agent (Irganox 1010) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
(a) δ c(crust) 10 9.4 7.2 81. 6.6 8.1 3.6 15
(a) Ge(kilobar) 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.6
Time (hour) 16 16 16 16 16 16 22
(b) δ c(crust) 10 13 14 15 17 6.9 27
(b) Ge(kilobar) 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.8 3.0
Be used for filling the waterproof material 36 of optical cable core of the present invention, it just can be surrendered under an enough low stress so that when optical cable stand under load or when crooked fiber optics 24-24 and cell cube 22-22 can in fuse, move, this situation is very favourable.The packing material of rheology surrender can move fiber optics in pipe 34, with the life-span of stress on the reduction fiber optics and extended fiber dimension.
As noted earlier, optical cable of the present invention can be made (as most preferred embodiment) by the cell cube that does not twist together, and also can be made by stranded cell cube or the cell cube with lay of swing.Certainly, preferably adopt non-stranded formula cell cube, because can save stranded equipment like this and improve linear velocity.
Seeing also the Fig. 5 in the accompanying drawing, is briefly 70 that represent with numeral, as to can be used to make an optical cable of the present invention device shown in the figure.In device 70, see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 with blowing device 71() provide many cladding light transmitting fiber 24-24 with each cell cube 22 of form.Each root among the fiber optics 24-24 is all released from roll 73, and roll 73 is contained on the support 76.Feed roll 73-73 is contained in a side of (rotationally) production line axis 79 or is provided with along axis 79, makes them be in the retardance state to apply needed counter pull on fiber.
Then, the fiber optics 24-24 that constitutes cell cube continues forward, and gradually mutually and put, and by device 75, device 75 will be given effectively in the cell cube of this combination and prick the band 32 that stretches tight.As previously mentioned, fiber optics 24-24 does not combine by the metric system lay.In other words, fiber optics do not have stranded and lay be in general do not have study carefully big.Certainly, when fiber optics 24-24 combined, to produce a little be not will occur consciously stranded thereby have certain intersection between the fiber optics yet, but this stranded in the change of fiber optics relative position can be above 360 ° yet.
After fiber optics 24-24 has been combined into cell cube, they pass a conduit (not shown) and cell (they resemble the die cavity of core pipe of the cross-head extruder of common usefulness) again forward, in extruder, the waterproof material 36 that the front had done to describe will be introduced into cable core and be enclosed in around the cable core.Consequently make between the fiber optics 24-24 of each cell cube 22 of cable core, and the optical cable xsect position between the cell cube 22-22 all filling waterproof material 36.After coming out from the filling chamber, the cable core of filling passes the core pipe of extruder 86 more forward, and this extruder 86 is used for extrusion plastic pipe 34 around cell cube.This pipe is total for all cell cube 22-22.
As previously mentioned, should think that optical cable of the present invention also can be that it does not contain packing material a kind of hollow optical cable.The cell cube 22-22 of this xsect is before passing extruder 86, and earlier through device 81, device 81 is to be used for supplying with the belt 82 made by plastics (as the TEFLON teflon).Belt is wrapped on the fuse with known method and twines to form a core shape, its effect as same thermal barrier, and it can the protected location body when extruding pipe 34.
When the fuse 21 that is encapsulated passes extruder 86 forward, to be squeezed into one deck plastics around the fuse that is encapsulated, thereby formed an inner sleeve 34, it is a public pipe.After the fuse that is added with sleeve pipe leaves extruder 86, will be again through a low groove 88 of cooling that is subjected to suction function.This makes pipe 34 decide size from the outside when fuse 21 distendings close in cooling.Therefore, the pipe 34 that around fuse 21, forms, its packaging density can be allowed and relatively moved between fuse and the pipe and between the part of the force of pipe and prepuce tissues.
Then, again by device 91, this device adds laying 43 on every side at sleeve pipe through supercooling and the fuse that is added with sleeve pipe.Then, be added with the fuse of sleeve pipe forward by a discharging composite set 95 of supplying with vertical stiffener 48-48.Composite set 95 is in U.S. Pat-4,446, and is open in 686.
The roll of the line material of a plurality of formation stiffener 48-48 is housed in the device 95.The counter pull that is controlled is acted on the roll.Discharging composite set 95 is used for the line material is wrapped on the laying 43 with separating each other spirality.
The cored structure of optical cable by discharging composite set 95 after, by the core pipe of extruder 101, this extruder is used for installing additional intermediate casing 50.Meanwhile, the used line material of stiffener is provided by the feed roll, and sends to along the route (this route is the longitudinal axis of optical cable substantially) of pressing close to the optical cable cored structure.Before stiffener enters extruder, they will be distributed on the predetermined spiral lay.
Squeeze into intermediate casing 50 around the optical cable core structures and it is placed in the trough 103 after the cooling, install second layer laying 52 again additional by device 105.Then the cable configuration of part completion is more forward by second stiffener feed composite set 107, with extruder 108, they are similar to feed composite set 95 and extruder 101, they are to be wrapped on the intermediate casing with being used for a stiffener 56-56 spirality, and squeeze into outer tube 58 thereon.After this, added the fuse of outer tube forward by cooling trough 109.
After squeezing into outer tube 58, but before optical cable 20 is taken up, allow fuse 21 and package knit through 42 combine (after foreskin has been elongated certain predetermined quantity).In making optical cable 20 processes said " combination ", be meant that the relative motion between fuse 21 and the prepuce tissues 42 is essentially 0.By U.S. Pat-4,446, disclosed method and apparatus can be accomplished this point in 686.
Device 110(Fig. 5) can be used to elongate prepuce tissues 42(by applying pulling force), thus allow that fuse 21 is moved with respect to prepuce tissues., fuse and prepuce tissues can be combined to prevent relative motion occurring between fuse and the prepuce tissues after fuse 20 has been elongated relatively in prepuce tissues 42.This combination is temporary, combine because fuse 21 will be then breaks away from prepuce tissues, thereby make and between them relative motion might take place.Recovery of elasticity can take place in tension masterpiece time spent not in cortical tissue 42, because the stiffener that is comprised in its institutional framework has higher modulus of elasticity.Finish the elongation of foreskin and in conjunction with being in order to make the length toatl proportion of fuse 21 and prepuce tissues 42, the prepuce tissues 42 after elongation is a predetermined value when restoring to the original state.After optical cable 20 was taken up, prepuce tissues had been recovered former state substantially, and was giving out light cable and when being contained in it on building site, and fuse is that desired length has compared than with the length of foreskin.
When prepuce tissues after being elongated between straight line winch 112 and the big sheave 115, fuse 21 can be combined with prepuce tissues 42.The deflection that prepuce tissues 42 produces between straight line winch 112 and sheave 115, the deflection total with fuse 21 equates.Tension power effect when total deformation is geometry deformation and fiber discharging and the distortion that produces and, if necessary, also be included as the best fuse-foreskin length ratio that obtains between 10000 and about 10015 and guarantee that the length of fuse 21 final production surpasses the incremental deformation of foreskin 42 length.Pulling force on the prepuce tissues 42 can be controlled by the rotating speed of control sheave 115, to compensate owing to fibrillar center departs from the geometry deformation that the foreskin central shaft causes.Needed pulling force can change on the prepuce tissues 42, changes because geometry deformation is a difference with cell cube 22-22 quantity in the fuse 21.
Below this requires being crucial in conjunction with fuse 21 and prepuce tissues 42 successfully, that is: in conjunction with the diameter of optical cable 20 each circle on the sheave 115, be greater than the diameter that continues next circle of reeling.Have been found that if increase progressively the diameter of every circle successively, will the pulling force that act on the fuse 21 also be increased.In this device, increase the pulling force that acts on the fuse 21, can make fuse in pipe, rely on sheave one side, and geometry deformation is increased.Cable 20 also can make the situation of fuse shortage aggravate to some extent through the action (they are ined succession at least two and have increased diameter between the sheave of arranging) of several sheaves.This situation builds up as inflating with pump.Diameter in conjunction with sheave 115 is all bigger than the diameter of all sheaves of arranging in turn, also the coiling circle of the optical cable 20 of then reeling than the back (no matter be in conjunction with the time or lose in conjunction with the time) diameter big.
In conjunction with the diameter of sheave 115 bigger relatively also be very important.As previously mentioned, fuse 21 is to move around sheave.Desirable position line is the central axis along optical cable 20.Sheave is big more, and each increment of optical cable 20 approaches straight line more.If the diameter infinity of sheave, the length of each increment of fuse just equates with increment on the central axis so.Make the bigger relatively Another reason of diameter of used sheave 115 be, the sheave diameter is more little, and needed power is big more in the time of being used to compensate fuse 21 shortage.The fuse shortage is irrelevant with the sheave diameter; Yet, recently express this when shortage in order to obtain geometry deformation with the percentage of sheave circumference, it is relevant with the sheave diameter that this number percent just becomes.Therefore, the sheave that diameter is less, being greater of the sheave that the inevitable diameter group of the elongation of its prepuce tissues 42 is bigger and since geometry deformation with sheave 115 diameters reduce and the result that increases will increase for the compensation geometry deformation elongates foreskin 42 needed pulling force.Used addressing these problems in a most preferred embodiment in conjunction with sheave (its diameter has 9 feet approximately).
In conjunction with being temporary.When optical cable 20 tension masterpiece time spent not substantially, because the prepuce tissues recovery of elasticity of combination is to the original length, thus lose combination between fuse 21 and the prepuce tissues 42, and they the two length is also equal substantially.In most preferred embodiment, when optical cable 20 left sheave 115 and is sent to take-up reel 120, optical cable 20 lost combination.Act on the pulling force on this section cable core 21 between in conjunction with sheave 115 and take-up reel 120, be essentially 0.Be positioned at the prepuce tissues 42 on the take-up reel, the pulling force that in general is subjected to is quite little, its only enough packing of taking up that provides, and this is suitable for shipping and/or postprocessing working procedures.After optical cable 20 had been wound onto in the take-up reel 120, along with prepuce tissues 42 advances in the past enough fuses 21, this made the fuse and the ratio of prepuce tissues reach predetermined value on sheave 115 output terminals, and fuse and prepuce tissues are to break away from combination.
The target of generally seeking is when installing to optical cable 20 on the building site, and the length difference between optical cable prepuce tissues 42 and the fuse 21 is zero.Remove (substantially) all pulling force, can cause that the recovery of a certain amount of (this amount equates with optical cable geometry deformation and discharging distortion sum) takes place prepuce tissues 42, thereby make the length of fuse and prepuce tissues equal substantially.Yet as previously mentioned, in most preferred embodiment, the elongation of prepuce tissues 42 equals the total amount of fuse distortion, and it also comprises a predetermined increment except geometry deformation.Therefore, when recovery of elasticity took place prepuce tissues 42, fuse length slightly surpassed foreskin length, and fuse also is subjected to the effect of some extrusion loads.
Optical cable of the present invention has solved some problems that existing optical cable is run into.Because it has the common pipe that can seal cell cube, so it seems quite compact.Because it is stranded that fiber and (in most preferred embodiment) cell cube do not have, its manufacturing cost is also cheap than other optical cable.And, owing to fiber optics is contained in the optical cable, so also there is not additional loss.Find out that the waterproof material of optical cable of the present invention (its δ c≤70 crust) can make optical cable name supplementary loss less than about 0.1dB/Km(decibel/km).And the mechanical property of optical cable is also very good.Because there is not interior stiffener, so eliminated the possibility of stiffener damage fiber optics.
As previously mentioned, optical cable of the present invention is not only limited to the optical cable that inserts is arranged, with regard to hollow optical cable 130(Fig. 8) with regard to, can between fuse 133 and plastic tube 134, add a kind of plastic core around material 132.Optical cable 130 comprises one at least, in general comprises a plurality of cell cube 136-136, and each cell cube has multifiber dimension 24-24, and they are tightly bound together by the band 138 that stretches tight.The same with the optical cable 20 that inserts is arranged, in general the fiber optics 24-24 of optical cable 130 also has infinitely-great lay length, and perhaps in other words, they do not twist together consciously, yet some part also may distribute by undulate.Label used among the label of the remainder of optical cable 130 and Fig. 1 is identical.
Though fiber optics 24-24 does not twist together, cell cube 136-136 also can have the lay of swing or twist together (Fig. 9).In this configuration, cell cube is bound together tightly by the band that stretches tight.
Optical cable example 1:
By a kind of optical cable that the present invention makes, it is equipped with two cell cubes, and each cell cube all has 12 signal modes, the fiber optics of the cladding metal of pressing, and the external diameter of fiber optics (measuring by cladding) is 0.0096 inch.Cell cube and fiber optics are all not stranded.Cell cube is squeezed into one deck based on the contract plastics of hexenal (EVA) graft copolymer of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the internal diameter of the formed pipe of this layer plastics is 0.017 inch, has used the listed waterproof material of routine A in the table 3 in the cable core.Prepuce tissues is the intersection cord band of strengthening with steel (as shown in Figure 1), and its external diameter is 0.41 inch, and the additional little curved loss of the name of 1310 millimicrons and 1550 millimicrons cables is 0dB/Km.The final optical cable loss of 1310 millimicrons and 1550 millimicrons optical cables then is respectively 0.38dB/Km and 0.24dB/Km.
Optical cable example 2:
The structure of this optical cable is identical with example 1 cable configuration, but its foreskin is a sleeve pipe of being made up of copper screen, stainless steel lamination and tygon.This foreskin can be prevented corroding and thunder and lightning.Its supplementary loss when 1310 millimicrons and 1550 millimicrons is 0dB/Km.The final optical cable of measuring is 0.38dB/Km when being lost in 1310 millimicrons; In the time of 1550 millimicrons, be 0.22dB/Km.
Claims (15)
1, a kind of optical cable, it comprises:
At least one cell cube, each cell cube comprise the multifiber dimension, and they can stretch along optical cable longitudinal axis direction basically;
A pipe that is arranged essentially parallel to the optical cable longitudinal axis, it is made of plastics and can seals the multifiber dimension, the ratio of cross-sectional area is no more than the predetermined value that certain allows fiber optics to reconfigure in the cross-sectional area of multifiber dimension and the pipe when optical cable is crooked, so that the suffered stress of fiber optics reduces to minimum;
A stiffener; And
A sleeve pipe, it is made of plastics and can seals above-mentioned pipe.
2, by the optical cable of claim 1, it is characterized in that every fiber optics all has one deck clad, the ratio of cross-sectional area is no more than about 0.5 in the cross-sectional area of many clad optical fiber dimensions and the pipe.
3, according to the optical cable of claim 1, it is characterized in that, a common pipe is set around a plurality of cell cubes, each cell cube is made up of the multifiber dimension and is twined by the band that stretches tight, a plurality of cell cubes are enclosed in a kind of quite pliable and tough ribbon that is made of plastics, and this ribbon is arranged between cell cube and the pipe.
4, by the optical cable of claim 3, it is characterized in that cell cube twists together.
5, a kind of optical cable, it comprises:
Multifiber, a pipe that is made of plastics surrounds optical fiber, and waterproof material is arranged in the pipe, has filled up between the optical fiber and the space between optical fiber and the tube wall, a kind of stiffener and a sleeve pipe; It is characterized in that:
In a plurality of cell cubes, each cell cube comprises multifiber to optical fiber by device, non-ly concentrates in together specially strandedly, forms the cell cube that stretches along the optical cable direction, twines the band that stretches tight on the cell cube;
The cross-sectional area of described multifiber is no more than predetermined value with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of pipe, and described pipe is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of optical cable;
Described waterproof material has a critical yield stress and a shear modulus, does the time spent when waterproof material is subjected to a kind of predetermined stress, and it can allow the unit to be moved with fuse;
Sleeve pipe is encapsulating described pipe, and it is made of plastics.
By the optical cable of claim 5, it is characterized in that 6, the critical yield stress of waterproof material is not more than about 70 crust in the time of 20 ℃, and shear modulus is not less than about 13 kilobars in the time of 20 ℃.
7, by the optical cable of claim 6, it is characterized in that the lay of each cell cube is parallel.
8, by the optical cable of claim 6, it is characterized in that the lay of each cell cube is stranded.
9, by the optical cable of claim 6, it is characterized in that pipe is a common pipe, it can seal a plurality of cell cubes, only by waterproof material cell cube is separated from each other, and every fiber optics has a clad, said area is 0.5 than predetermined value, and tube length is not more than the length of fiber in each cell cube.
10, by the optical cable of claim 9, it is characterized in that the composition of waterproof material comprises:
A) oil 77-96%(weight ratio), it can be organized in material by following this and select:
ⅰ. paraffin oil, its minimum proportion are about 0.86, and solidifying point is less than-4 ℃, and model is ASTM103,104A or 104B type;
ⅱ. naphthenic oil, its minimum proportion is about 0.86, and solidifying point is less than-4 ℃, and model is ASTM103,104A or 104B type;
ⅲ. polybutylene oil, minimum proportion is about 0.83, and solidifying point is less than 18 ℃;
ⅳ. any potpourri of top three kinds of oil;
B) hydrophobic forging silica colloid particle 2-15%(weight ratio).
11, by the optical cable of claim 9, it is characterized in that the composition of waterproof material comprises:
A) oil 77-95%(weight ratio), it can be organized in material by following this and select:
ⅰ. paraffin oil, minimum proportion is about 0.86, and solidifying point is ASTM103 less than-4 ℃, 104A or 104B type.
ⅱ. naphthenic oil, minimum proportion is about 0.86, and solidifying point is ASTM103 less than-4 ℃, 104A or 104B type;
ⅲ. polybutylene oil, minimum proportion is about 0.83, and solidifying point is less than 18 ℃;
ⅳ. based on the vegetable oil of triglyceride;
ⅴ. polypropylene oils;
ⅵ. chlorocosanes, the about 30-75%(weight ratio of its chlorinty) viscosity is 100-10 25 ℃ times, 000 centipoise;
ⅶ. the polyester class;
B) colloidal solid 2-15%(weight ratio) can be from the hydrophobic system silica of forging, the hydrophilic system silica of forging, and the deposit silica, and clay and BET area are about 50-400 rice
2Select in the colloidal solid of/gram.
12, by the optical cable of claim 11, it is characterized in that, also contain the most nearly 15%(weight ratio in the waterproof material) the leakage inhibitor, it can be selected from following rubber: styrene rubber; The segmented copolymer of styrene-rubber-styrene, wherein styrene and rubber than about 0.1-0.8; Semiliquid rubber, its Flory molecular weight is at 2-70, between 000; Butyl rubber; EP rubbers; Ethylene-propylene diene copolymer rubber; Neoprene, Qi Muni (Mooney) viscosity is about 20-90 in the time of 100 ℃; Depolymerized rubber, its viscosity are 40 in the time of 38 ℃, 000-400,000 centipoise;
The content of oil, colloidal solid and leakage inhibitor is at least the 99%(weight ratio in the waterproof material).
13, by the optical cable of claim 12, it is characterized in that, contain about 90-95%(weight ratio in the waterproof material composition) oily, about 2-10%(weight ratio) colloidal solid.
14, a kind of method of making optical cable, it may further comprise the steps:
Assembling multifiber dimension is not carried out conscious strandedly, forms a fuse that is made of cell cube;
Cell cube is sent to forward along feed path;
Load onto foreskin, it can seal cell cube, and this step may further comprise the steps:
In a pipe that is made of plastics, pipe is distributed in around the cell cube unit package, and substantially parallel with the optical cable longitudinal axis.
Strengthening system is set around pipe;
Around stiffener, squeeze into one deck plastic skin.
Described method is characterised in that:
Be not scheduled to make up multifiber strandedly;
Cross section of optic fibre long-pending with pipe in the ratio of cross-sectional area be no more than certain predetermined value.
15, by the method for claim 14, it is characterized in that step: allow a plurality of cell cubes send to, and finish the work of dress crust, encapsulate a plurality of cell cubes forward with a single pipe along feed path.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86105424 CN1021850C (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1986-08-29 | Optical fiber cable and method of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86105424 CN1021850C (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1986-08-29 | Optical fiber cable and method of making same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86105424A CN86105424A (en) | 1988-03-09 |
| CN1021850C true CN1021850C (en) | 1993-08-18 |
Family
ID=4802839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86105424 Expired - Lifetime CN1021850C (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1986-08-29 | Optical fiber cable and method of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1021850C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100347793C (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2007-11-07 | Lg电线有限公司 | Loose tube optical cable having straight aggregation structure |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102147514B (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2013-01-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Insulated compression resistant cylinder body of submarine optical cable facility, submarine optical cable facility and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103405279A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-11-27 | 沙洛艾史芬 | Light-guide end for hand-held curing lamp device, curing lamp system for dental and method for curing composite dental material |
| JP6553299B2 (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2019-07-31 | ニューブレクス株式会社 | Cable for measuring material pressure, temperature and strain distribution |
-
1986
- 1986-08-29 CN CN 86105424 patent/CN1021850C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100347793C (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2007-11-07 | Lg电线有限公司 | Loose tube optical cable having straight aggregation structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN86105424A (en) | 1988-03-09 |
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