CN102183883B - Multibeam time division multiplexing (TDM) holographic three-dimensional display system and method - Google Patents
Multibeam time division multiplexing (TDM) holographic three-dimensional display system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multibeam time division multiplexing (TDM) holographic three-dimensional display system and method. The multibeam TDM holographic three-dimensional display system comprises a 4f system, a spatial light modulator, a polarization gating unit, an aperture diaphragm and a control unit, wherein the 4f system consists of a first lens and a second lens; the spatial light modulator is used for inputting computer generated hologram codes and displaying the frequency spectrum distribution of the input codes on a frequency spectrum face corresponding to the spatial light modulator through the conversion of the first lens; the polarization gating unit is used for acquiring orthogonal modulation information of adjacent incident light under a polarization state by combining with the spatial light modulator; the clear aperture of the aperture diaphragm consists of orthogonal polaroids in sequence, and the aperture diaphragm is positioned on the frequency spectrum face which is determined by the spatial light modulator through the first lens; the control unit is used for controlling the incidence sequence and time of the incident light of the spatial light modulator; and the light information is filtered by the polarized aperture diaphragm and then converted through the second lens to reproduce input information of the spatial light modulator on the effective modulation face. By means of the multibeam TDM holographic three-dimensional display system and method disclosed by the invention, the broadened synthesis of diffraction view angles is realized, a real three-dimensional image with a large view angle is displayed, and the practical development of a computer generated hologram three-dimensional display technology is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the three-dimensional image display technology field, relate to a kind of multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system and display packing thereof with great visual angle.
Background technology
Be difficult to clear depth information of accurately expressing the third dimension because two dimension shows, people are being devoted to study the display technique that can show stereo scene---three-dimensional image display technology always.The hologram three-dimensional display technique is utilized diffraction of light or interference, and the amplitude and the phase information of record thing light rebuild out through the information of diffraction of light with thing light again, are unique dimension display technologies truly in the various display packings.
Early stage optical holography need prepare the model of three-dimensional body, and the folded light beam record that is concerned with has limited the practical application of holographic technique.Along with developing rapidly of photoelectric technology and device; The development and the application of calculation holographic dimension display technologies have obtained develop rapidly, and its ultimate principle is with computing machine simulated optical diffraction process, and replace traditional hologram recording material with optical modulation device; The complex amplitude of simulation diffraction light on some planes in light wave transmissions path; Realize the full record of three-dimensional image information, through optical diffraction, reappear 3-D view again.
But receive the restriction of modulator spatial resolution, photomodulator is smaller through the 3-D view observation visual angle that the optical system diffraction directly generates, and needs to adopt other method, and broadening is carried out at the visual angle that shows 3-D view.In order to address this problem; The method of time-sharing multiplex at present commonly used adopts the optical modulation device with high, refresh frequency, and the corresponding calculation code in the different observed bearings of display image angle is imported successively; Through technology such as synchronous scannings; The three-dimensional plot order of different visual angles is shown fast rely on the vision of human eye to be detained, the 3-D view that obtains with great visual angle shows.But owing to the introducing of scanister, caused the complicacy of system, be unfavorable for the practicability of this usefulness technology.
With spatial light modulator 10 as three-dimensional image information two-dimensional encoded be written into device, individual pel spacing that it is limited and resolution limit generation image observation visual angle and size.Such as to the Fresnel calculation holographic; With
direction is example; Parallel beam is vertical or near the vertical incidence spatial light modulator, the maximum observation visual angle
that generates image can be tried to achieve through grating equation
.The minimum pixel size of technological at present spatial light modulator 10 down is in micron dimension; Suppose
;
; Then
; At normal viewing distance (about 0.5 meter), observer's two eyes simultaneously receives image information.
If the incident light oblique incidence, according to the optical grating diffraction equation, the diffraction visual angle is respective change also, and is as shown in Figure 1.
With two bundle incident lights is example, designs its incident angle, they is linked in sequence, like the shadow region among Fig. 2 through the diffraction region that spatial light modulator 10 generates.Ways such as Current Control through shutter or lighting source; Order incident each irradiates light repeatedly; And through the corresponding calculating holographic coding of spatial light modulator 10 synchronous inputs; When the conversion frequency between the different incident lights reaches certain value; According to the vision retention effect, the observer can see stable 3-D view, and its observation visual angle (
) is the approximate twice that single bundle incident light can be realized observation visual angle.Like this, under the situation of not introducing scanister, realized the synthetic expansion of time-sharing multiplex of observation visual angle.
But all there is a pixel fill factor, curve factor
in used any spatial light modulator at present, and its periodic structure can be introduced the high order diffraction item.Like Fig. 3; Parallel beam is with pitch angle
incident; Fresnel region of diffraction in spatial light modulator 10; Not only have zeroth order diffraction light, also have high diffraction lights such as
rank,
rank.If adopt a plurality of incident lights, the high order diffraction item that the zeroth order diffraction item meeting that a certain angle incident light is corresponding and other angle incident light are corresponding is spatially overlapping.In conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3; Make
among Fig. 2 to equal
among Fig. 3; Under two bundle incident light situation,
is corresponding among Fig. 2 zeroth order diffraction zone (i.e.
corresponding shadow region) and
the rank diffraction region among Fig. 3 are spatially overlapping.If adopt time-sharing multiplex, the high order diffraction item that a certain incident beam is corresponding can be superimposed upon on the corresponding zeroth order diffraction item of other incident beam, has a strong impact on the display quality of image, is unfavorable for the practical application of this method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art; The present invention will rotate the incident spatial light modulator with the multi beam parallel beam, design its incident angle, through the polarized component gating of modulation intelligence; Realize the adjacent distributions of zeroth order spectrum information on the spectrum face of cross polarization; Through the polarization aperture diaphragm, the odd term higher-order spectrum information that elimination pixel period structure is introduced selects for use the spatial light modulator of pixel fill factor, curve factor 0.45 ~ 0.65 to suppress even number item higher-order spectrum information; Propose a kind of multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system and display packing thereof, can realize the broadening of 3-D view observation visual angle.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of based on polarization filtering and time-multiplexed hologram three-dimensional display system, wherein, comprising:
-4f system is made up of first, second lens;
-spatial light modulator, input calculating holographic coding, and the conversion through above-mentioned first lens, the spectrum distribution of demonstration input coding on the corresponding frequency plane of spatial light modulator;
-polarization gating unit, the modulation intelligence light corresponding to each incident light carries out the polarization gating, makes adjacent incident light corresponding modulating information have the polarization state of quadrature;
-polarization aperture diaphragm, clear aperature is made up of the polaroid of adjacent orthogonal, and it is positioned at above-mentioned spatial light modulator on the determined frequency plane of first lens;
One control module is used to control the incident order and the time of spatial light modulator incident light;
The spatial light modulator input information; Obtain the modulation intelligence light of different polarization direction through the polarization gating unit; By being incident upon frequency plane after the conversion of first lens; After the filtering of polarization aperture diaphragm, optical information is through the conversion once more of second lens, at the input information of effective modulation face reproduction spatial light modulator.
The pixel fill factor, curve factor of this spatial light modulator is 0.45 ~ 0.65.
These first lens and second lens adopt a plurality of lens or lens combination.This control module is shutter or source current impulse controller.
This polarization gating unit is liquid crystal polarized switch, place spatial light modulator after, can between different polarization optical directions, switch rapidly;
The polarization gating unit is if adopt reflection type mirror spatial light modulator (like DMD), and this polarization gating unit is a polarizer group, and control spatial light modulator multi beam incident light is the line polarisation of adjacent polarized orthogonal;
The polarization gating unit is if adopt many spatial light modulators; This polarization gating unit is a polarization splitting prism; Or be the combination of polaroid and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; Each spatial light modulator coincides with same spatial location about the picture of corresponding minute surface (polarization spectroscope minute surface or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens minute surface), and modulation intelligence each zeroth order on the spectrum face is composed adjacent polarized orthogonal and arranged;
Simultaneously, the present invention also provides a kind of and has shown the display packing that is based on polarization filtering and time-multiplexed hologram three-dimensional, and it may further comprise the steps:
A, set up the xyz axial coordinate, wherein, all parallel xy face of 4f system, polarization aperture diaphragm and spatial light modulator (or spatial light modulator is about picture of polarization spectroscope, half-reflecting half mirror) is provided with; The multi beam directional light is different angles incident spatial light modulator in the xz plane;
B, to the same 3-D view that need to show, corresponding two-dimentional calculating holographic coding when calculating different incident beam incident is as the input information of this light beam incident time space photomodulator;
C, spatial light modulator modulation intelligence are projeced into frequency plane after the conversion of first lens, regulate the incident angle of light beam in the xz plane, and the zeroth order spectral term on the spectrum face is arranged in order on the x direction;
The aperture of the diaphragm that d, adjacent orthogonal polaroid are formed and each zeroth order spectrum overlap, and the polarization direction of each polaroid is consistent with same position zeroth order spectrum information polarisation of light direction, elimination odd term higher-order spectrum information;
Optical information reappears the input information of spatial light modulator through the conversion once more of second lens after e, the filtering on effective modulation face;
F, utilize control module control multi beam incident light circulation incident spatial light modulator; Modulator loads corresponding two-dimentional calculating holographic coding synchronously; Modulation intelligence realizes that through the polarization gating polarized orthogonal of adjacent zeroth order spectrum distributes on the spectrum face, obtains the demonstration of stablizing 3-D view.
The circulation incident here refers to, if N bundle incident light lets earlier and restraints light 1 incident, spatial light modulator is imported corresponding coding simultaneously, and is passed through by the modulation intelligence of polarization gating unit gating polarization direction 1, the lasting a bit of time; Close light beam 1, let adjacent beams 2 incidents, modulator input beam 2 corresponding codes, the modulation intelligence of polarization gating unit gating polarization direction 2 (being orthogonal to polarization direction 1) passes through, and continues a bit of time time; Close light beam 2, let adjacent beams 3 incidents again, modulator input beam 3 corresponding codes, the modulation intelligence of liquid crystal polarized switching gate polarization direction 1 passes through; Close light beam 3; Let adjacent beams 4 incidents again, modulator input beam 4 corresponding codes, the modulation intelligence of liquid crystal polarized switching gate polarization direction 2 passes through ... So repeatedly; Wherein the incident of each light beam order can change the also corresponding change in the gating polarization direction of corresponding modulating information.
Compared with prior art, the present invention possesses following advantage,
Photomodulator with single high refreshing frequency is an entering apparatus; Adopt the incident of N bundle light; Can its observation visual angle that generates 3-D view be similar to increases N doubly, utilizes existing high speed spatial light optical modulation device, can realize the single-stage modulator spare diffraction demonstration of the true 3-D view of scope with great visual angle; Owing to can realize the quick order incident of two-beam through the methods such as input pulse control of shutter or source current, avoided the use of mechanical scanner, reduced the complicacy of display system, help the development of calculation holographic dimension display technologies practicability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 spatial light modulation device angle of diffraction synoptic diagram;
The incident of Fig. 2 two-beam forms the expansion that is linked in sequence of observation visual angle scope;
The high order diffraction item that Fig. 3 pixel period structure is introduced;
Fig. 4 system light path structure of the present invention;
The clear aperature of Fig. 5 polarization aperture diaphragm of the present invention (is example with 4 bundle incident lights).
10: spatial light modulator 20: the polarization gating unit
Fourier transform lens 40 in 32: the second: the polarization aperture diaphragm
50: control module.
Embodiment
In order to solve the problem that prior art exists, we design the polarization aperture diaphragm, in conjunction with the selection of pixel fill factor, curve factor, suppress the high order diffraction item, with multi-beam incident, through time division multiplex, realize that hologram three-dimensional with great visual angle shows.Light channel structure is as shown in Figure 4.
The invention discloses a kind of multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system, it comprises: liquid crystal polarized switch 20,4f system 30, polarization aperture diaphragm 40, spatial light modulator 10 and control module 50;
Wherein, polarization gating unit 20 is liquid crystal polarized switch, can change the polarization optical direction fast, the different polarization component of gating modulation intelligence;
These first lens and second lens adopt a plurality of lens or lens combination.In the present embodiment, these first, second lens are a plurality of lens or lens combination.This control module is a shutter, certainly, also can be the source current impulse controller.
In order to clearly demonstrate structure of the present invention, be example with 4 light beams incidents, the spy sets up the xyz axial coordinate, and the polarization gating switch adopts liquid crystal polarized switch, and wherein, all parallel xy face of 4f system, liquid crystal polarized switch, polarization aperture diaphragm and spatial light modulator is provided with; Make 4 incident beams
,
; Wherein
is lambda1-wavelength,
be the pel spacing of spatial light modulator along
direction.The back focal plane of first Fourier transform lens 31 is system's spectrum face, and 4 correspondence 0 rank spectral terms are arranged in order along the x direction.
Because the zeroth order spectrum information that the period profile structure of pixel, spatial light modulator diffraction spectra not only have us to need has also comprised unwanted higher-order spectrum information.With the one dimension is example; The pixel fill factor, curve factor of SLM is
(ratio of pixel light transmission part dimension and pixel dimension), and the Fourier spectrum of load information
is:
Wherein
is the spectrum information of our needs; Be defined as 0 rank spectrum,
,
etc. are respectively+high order diffraction items such as 1 ,-1 rank.
During as
, each even number item high-order spectral term is very little with respect to the beam intensity ratio of zeroth order spectrum.This patent is selected the fill factor, curve factor in this scope for use, can realize effective inhibition of even number item high-order spectral term.
Offset is shaken aperture diaphragm 40 in the spectrum face, and clear aperature is made up of 4 adjacent orthogonal polaroids in overlapping region 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone 4, like Fig. 5.Control polarization gating unit 20, alternately the polarization optical direction of gating pairwise orthogonal: attitude 1 and attitude 2 are consistent with polarization optical direction 2 with the polarization optical direction 1 in polarization aperture.
Zone 1,2,3 and 4 is respectively the zeroth order spectral term distributed areas of incident beam 1,2,3 and 4 correspondences; Can know that by sampling theorem and lens Fourier transform its size is
.
The polarization optical direction in zone 1 is an attitude 1; When light beam 1 incident, spatial light modulator loads corresponding calculating holographic coding, through the polarization gating unit; Only allow the polarization information component of attitude 1 to pass through, then the zeroth order spectral term information behind the polarization gating can be unhinderedly through zone 1.Simultaneously, incident beam 2 corresponding 1 rank spectral term, light beam 3 corresponding 2 rank spectrums and light beam 4 corresponding 3 rank spectrums also are distributed in the zone 1, and wherein light beam 3 corresponding 2 rank spectrums receive the influence of modulator pixel fill factor, curve factor, and relative light intensity is very low.For filtering odd term higher-order spectrum, when light beam 2 and light beam 4 incidents, can pass through the polarization gating unit, only allow the Polarization Modulation information component of attitude 2 to pass through.
In conjunction with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, whole workflow is:
1. liquid crystal polarized switch transition is to attitude 1, control bundle 1 incident, and SLM loads corresponding coding synchronously;
2. close light beam 1, incident beam 3 loads corresponding coding synchronously;
3. liquid crystal polarized switch transition is closed light beam 3 to attitude 2, and incident beam 2 loads corresponding coding synchronously;
4. close light beam 2, incident beam 4 loads corresponding coding synchronously;
5. high frequency repeats said process.
Through the filtering of polarization aperture, only surplus even-order spectral term exists as crosstalk noise, because its weak relative light intensity can be realized low noise 3-D display with great visual angle.
Light beam after the inhibition higher-order spectrum information continues through second Fourier transform lens 32; The input information that becomes spatial light modulator 10 is in effective modulation face place; The incident of order repeatedly through 4 bundle incident lights; And by the corresponding calculating holographic coding information of spatial light modulator 10 synchronous inputs; Can realize the synthetic expansion of time-sharing multiplex of display image observation visual angle,
direction observation visual angle
.In
direction; Owing to do not carry out the synthetic expansion of time-sharing multiplex; Observation visual angle
; With respect to single beam incident, do not change.
If adopt the refreshing frequency of spatial light modulator enough high, adopt N to restraint parallel incident light, in like manner, can realize about N visual angle broadening doubly
In sum, characteristics of the present invention are to design the incident angle of multi beam incident light, in conjunction with the polarization gating unit; Realize the zeroth order spectrum series arrangement row of polarized orthogonal on the spectrum face; And put the polarization aperture diaphragm formed by the adjacent orthogonal polaroid in zeroth order spectrum place, filtering odd-order high-order spectral term is in conjunction with the inhibition of slm pixel fill factor, curve factor dual numbers rank high-order spectral term; Through time division multiplex, realize the synthetic expansion of display image observation visual angle.
If the pixel of spatial light modulator 10 is 8 microns; With 500 nano wave length light incidents; After then adopting the patent art time-sharing multiplex,, generate the observation visual angle
of diffraction image with two-beam incident; Get about 55 millimeters of people's binocular spacing; Then at 440 millimeters places, just can binocular observe the 3-D view of generation simultaneously, realize that the visual 3-D view of binocular of single spatial light modulator shows; The refreshing frequency of existing ferroelectric spatial light modulator has reached KHz; Can adopt more multi beam incident light; Realize that with single spatial light modulator the true 3-D view that many people can observe simultaneously shows that the practicability of calculation holographic three-dimensional image display technology has very positive effect.
Claims (9)
1. a multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system is characterized in that, comprising:
-4f system is made up of first, second lens;
-spatial light modulator, input calculating holographic coding, and the conversion through above-mentioned first lens show the spectrum distribution of importing calculating holographic coding on the corresponding frequency plane of spatial light modulator;
-polarization gating unit, the modulation intelligence light corresponding to each incident light carries out the polarization gating, makes adjacent incident light corresponding modulating information have the polarization direction of quadrature;
-polarization aperture diaphragm is formed clear aperature by the polaroid of adjacent orthogonal, and it is positioned at above-mentioned spatial light modulator on the determined frequency plane of first lens;
One control module is used to control the incident order and the time of spatial light modulator incident light;
Spatial light modulator input calculating holographic coding; Obtain the modulation intelligence light of orthogonal polarization orientation through the polarization gating unit; By being incident upon frequency plane after the conversion of first lens; After the filtering of polarization aperture diaphragm, optical information is through the conversion once more of second lens, at the input information of effective modulation face reproduction spatial light modulator.
2. multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pixel fill factor, curve factor of spatial light modulator is 0.45 ~ 0.65.
3. multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1 is characterized in that these first lens and second lens adopt a plurality of lens or lens combination.
4. multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1 is characterized in that this control module is shutter or source current impulse controller.
5. multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1 is characterized in that this polarization gating unit is liquid crystal polarized switch, place spatial light modulator after.
6. multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; When spatial light modulator adopts the reflection type mirror spatial light modulator; This polarization gating unit is a polarizer group, and control spatial light modulator multi beam incident light is the line polarisation of adjacent polarized orthogonal.
7. multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; When spatial light modulator adopted many spatial light modulators, this polarization gating unit was a polarization splitting prism, or was the combination of polaroid and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; Each spatial light modulator coincides with the same space position about the picture of corresponding polarization splitting prism minute surface or polaroid and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens minute surface, and the adjacent polarized orthogonal of modulation intelligence each zeroth order spectral term on frequency plane is arranged.
8. according to each described multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that first, second lens are Fourier transform lens.
9. the display packing of a multiple beam time division multiplex hologram three-dimensional display system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A, set up the xyz axial coordinate, wherein, all parallel xy face of 4f system, polarization aperture diaphragm and spatial light modulator is provided with; The multi beam directional light is different angles incident spatial light modulator in the xz plane;
B, to the same 3-D view that need to show, corresponding two-dimentional calculating holographic coding when calculating different incident beam incident is as the input information of this light beam incident time space photomodulator;
C, spatial light modulator modulation intelligence are projeced into frequency plane after polarization gating unit, the conversion of first lens, regulate the incident angle of light beam in the xz plane, and the zeroth order spectral term on the spectrum face is arranged in order on the x direction;
The aperture of the diaphragm of d, polarization aperture diaphragm and each zeroth order spectrum overlap, and the polarization direction of each polaroid of polarization aperture diaphragm is consistent with same position zeroth order spectrum information polarisation of light direction, elimination odd term higher-order spectrum information;
Optical information reappears the input information of spatial light modulator through the conversion once more of second lens after e, the filtering on effective modulation face;
F, utilize control module control multi beam incident light circulation incident spatial light modulator; Modulator loads corresponding two-dimentional calculating holographic coding synchronously; Modulation intelligence realizes that through the polarization gating polarized orthogonal of adjacent zeroth order spectrum distributes on frequency plane, obtains the demonstration of stablizing 3-D view.
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CN102073264B (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2013-04-24 | 中山大学 | Time-sharing multiplexing computational holographic three-dimensional display system and display method thereof |
CN102081339B (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2013-05-08 | 中山大学 | Method and system for displaying holographic three-dimensional image based on first-order spectrum time division multiplexing technology |
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