CN102183447A - Test system and test method for permeability coefficients of aquifer - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种含水层渗透系数测试方法,包括如下步骤:在需测试的含水层处开凿测井;将混合均匀的示踪液快速注入测井中;实时采集测井中的水位和示踪剂浓度,并根据裸孔冲击试验模型计算含水层的渗透系数。此种测试方法克服现有技术需要配合套管使用的缺陷,将示踪技术和冲击试验技术有效地结合,可利用裸孔求得天然状态下含水层的渗透系数,便于携带,操作方便,且使用成本低。本发明还公开一种含水层渗透系数测试系统。
The invention discloses a method for testing the permeability coefficient of an aquifer, which comprises the following steps: digging a well at the aquifer to be tested; quickly injecting a uniformly mixed tracer liquid into the well; collecting the water level and the tracer in the well in real time concentration, and calculate the permeability coefficient of the aquifer according to the open hole impact test model. This test method overcomes the defect that the existing technology needs to be used with the casing, effectively combines the tracer technology and the impact test technology, and can use the open hole to obtain the permeability coefficient of the aquifer in the natural state, which is easy to carry, easy to operate, and Low cost of use. The invention also discloses a test system for the permeability coefficient of the aquifer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于地下水动力学参数的测量技术领域,特别涉及一种水文地质参数原位测试的系统和方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of measuring groundwater dynamic parameters, in particular to a system and method for in-situ testing of hydrogeological parameters.
背景技术Background technique
目前在地下水动力学参数的测量中,利用室内试验法和野外试验法均可获取水文地质参数,其中,室内试验法是在室内应用达西定理等求得野外原状土渗透系数,而野外试验法主要是利用抽水法和压水法求得含水层的渗透系数,所述的抽/压水法主要有定流量抽/压水法、定降深抽/压水法等,其中,定流量抽/压水法是以固定流量抽取测井中的水体(也即定流量往测井中注入水体),使含水层与测井间的水流运动达到稳态,根据稳态情况的流量与降深关系获取含水层的渗透系数;而定降深抽/压水法是通过抽/压水使测井内的水位降深保持不变,根据流量与降深的关系求得含水层的渗透系数。At present, in the measurement of groundwater dynamic parameters, both indoor and field test methods can be used to obtain hydrogeological parameters. Among them, the indoor test method is to apply Darcy's theorem in the room to obtain the field undisturbed soil permeability coefficient, while the field test method The permeability coefficient of the aquifer is mainly obtained by using the pumping method and the water pressure method. The pumping/pressing method mainly includes the constant flow pumping/pressing method, the constant drop deep pumping/pressing method, etc., wherein the constant flow pumping The water pressure method is to extract the water body in the logging at a fixed flow rate (that is, to inject water into the logging well at a constant flow rate), so that the flow movement between the aquifer and the logging well can reach a steady state. According to the flow rate and drawdown in the steady state The permeability coefficient of the aquifer is obtained through the relationship; while the constant drawdown pumping/pressurization method keeps the water level drawdown in the logging well constant by pumping/pressurizing water, and obtains the permeability coefficient of the aquifer according to the relationship between the flow rate and the drawdown.
然而,现有的测试方法有其不足存在:室内试验法需要将原状土体取回试验室测量,这种方法破坏了土体的天然结构;而作为野外试验法的定降深抽/压水法虽然可在试验现场实施试验,求取含水层的水文地质参数,但是此种方法设备繁琐、操作复杂,需要消耗大量的人力、物力和财力,实施成本较高。However, the existing test methods have their shortcomings: the indoor test method needs to take the undisturbed soil back to the laboratory for measurement, which destroys the natural structure of the soil; Although the method can be carried out on the test site to obtain the hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer, the equipment is cumbersome and the operation is complicated, which requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and the implementation cost is high.
基于以上,国外研究出一种冲击试验法,它是一种野外试验法,实施时,主要是在测井中设置套管,将测井的内壁隔离,并在套管的特定位置设置过滤器,利用水位的变化来测试该处含水层的渗透系数,然而,此种测试方法仅适合引起的水位波动位于过滤器上部的情况下,若要用于螺孔测试,或者整孔都设置有过滤器的情况下,结果就会存在很大误差;另外,此种测试方法必须配合套管才能实现,从而限制了其应用范围。Based on the above, an impact test method has been developed abroad, which is a field test method. When it is implemented, it is mainly to set a casing in the logging, isolate the inner wall of the logging, and set a filter at a specific position of the casing. , using the change of water level to test the permeability coefficient of the aquifer at this place. However, this test method is only suitable for the situation where the water level fluctuation caused is located on the upper part of the filter. If it is used for screw hole test, or the whole hole is equipped with filter In the case of a device, there will be a large error in the result; in addition, this test method must be implemented with a bushing, which limits its application range.
基于以上分析,本发明人针对现有的渗透系数测试方法进行研究改进,本案由此产生。Based on the above analysis, the inventor conducted research and improvement on the existing permeability coefficient test method, and this case arose from it.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题,是针对前述背景技术中的缺陷和不足,提供一种含水层渗透系数测试系统及测试方法,其可利用裸孔求得天然状态下含水层的渗透系数,便于携带,操作方便,且使用成本低。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an aquifer permeability coefficient testing system and testing method for the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies in the background technology, which can use open holes to obtain the permeability coefficient of the aquifer in the natural state, and is easy to carry , easy to operate, and low cost.
本发明为解决以上技术问题,所采用的技术方案是:The present invention is for solving above technical problem, and the technical solution adopted is:
一种含水层渗透系数测试系统,包括传感器、中央控制器、通讯模块和数据处理模块,其中,数据处理模块经由中央控制器连接传感器,控制传感器的启动;所述的传感器设于测井中,实时监测测井中的水位和示踪剂浓度,并通过通讯模块传送至数据处理模块,而数据处理模块则将传感器获取的电信号转换成相应的水位信号和示踪剂浓度信号,并据此计算获得含水层的渗透系数。An aquifer permeability testing system includes a sensor, a central controller, a communication module and a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is connected to the sensor via the central controller to control the start of the sensor; the sensor is set in the well logging, Monitor the water level and tracer concentration in the well logging in real time, and send them to the data processing module through the communication module, and the data processing module converts the electrical signal obtained by the sensor into the corresponding water level signal and tracer concentration signal, and based on this Calculate the permeability coefficient of the aquifer.
上述传感器包括可监测水压的压力传感器和可监测示踪剂浓度的浓度探测器,而数据处理模块根据水压计算得到测井水位数据。The above-mentioned sensors include a pressure sensor capable of monitoring water pressure and a concentration detector capable of monitoring tracer concentration, and the data processing module calculates and obtains the logging water level data according to the water pressure.
一种含水层渗透系数测试方法,包括如下步骤:A method for testing the permeability coefficient of an aquifer, comprising the steps of:
(1)在需测试的含水层处开凿测井;(1) Excavating logging wells at the aquifer to be tested;
(2)将混合均匀的示踪液快速注入测井中;(2) Rapidly inject the uniformly mixed tracer fluid into the well logging;
(3)实时采集测井中的水位和示踪剂浓度,并根据裸孔冲击试验模型计算含水层的渗透系数。(3) Collect the water level and tracer concentration in the well log in real time, and calculate the permeability coefficient of the aquifer according to the open hole impact test model.
上述步骤(3)中,测井中的水位采集方法为:在测井中设置压力传感器,实时采集测井中的水压,并根据下式将水压换算为此时测井中的水位:In the above-mentioned step (3), the water level acquisition method in the well logging is: a pressure sensor is set in the well logging, the water pressure in the well logging is collected in real time, and the water pressure is converted into the water level in the well logging at this moment according to the following formula:
其中,H为相对于水平面的水位高度;Among them, H is the height of the water level relative to the water level;
p为测得的水压值;p is the measured water pressure value;
ρ为水的密度;ρ is the density of water;
g为重力加速度。g is the acceleration due to gravity.
上述步骤(3)中,所述的裸孔冲击试验模型的表达式为:In above-mentioned step (3), the expression of described open hole impact test model is:
式中:h为含水层的水头降深;In the formula: h is the water head drawdown of the aquifer;
r为径向距离;r is the radial distance;
Ss为储水率;Ss is the water storage rate;
K为径向渗透系数;K is the radial permeability coefficient;
t为时间;t is time;
H(t)为t时刻测井的水头降深;H(t) is the water head drawdown of well logging at time t;
H0为测井内初始水头降深; H0 is the initial water head drawdown in the logging;
rw为有效滤管半径;r w is the radius of the effective filter tube;
B为含水层厚度;B is the thickness of the aquifer;
Q2(t)表示在试验过程中t时刻流入含水层的水量,其表达式为:Q 2 (t) represents the amount of water flowing into the aquifer at time t during the test, and its expression is:
其中,c(h0,t)为试验过程中t时刻,含水层的水头降深为h0处示踪剂的浓度值。Among them, c(h 0 , t) is the concentration value of the tracer at the time point t during the test, when the water head drawdown of the aquifer is h 0 .
采用上述方案后,本发明改变现有的测试方式,将示踪技术和冲击试验技术有效地结合,利用测井中示踪剂浓度的变化来计算获取含水层的渗透系数,本发明适用于裸孔测试,克服了现有技术必须配合套管使用的缺陷,由于不再使用套管,对测井的要求相应降低,适用性广,同时也节省安装套管所需的人力、物力,减少使用成本;此外,本发明所提供的测试系统操作方便,便于携带。After adopting the above-mentioned scheme, the present invention changes the existing test method, effectively combines the tracer technology and the impact test technology, and uses the change of the tracer concentration in the well logging to calculate and obtain the permeability coefficient of the aquifer. The present invention is applicable to bare The hole test overcomes the defect that the existing technology must be used in conjunction with the casing. Since the casing is no longer used, the requirements for well logging are correspondingly reduced, and the applicability is wide. cost; in addition, the test system provided by the present invention is easy to operate and portable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体架构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention;
图2是本发明的流程图;Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention;
图3是本发明的工作状态示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the working state of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明的结构及工作原理进行详细说明。The structure and working principle of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
首先参考图1所示,本发明提供一种含水层渗透系数测试系统,包括传感器1、中央控制器2、通讯模块3和数据处理模块4,其中,数据处理模块4连接中央控制器2,而所述的中央控制器2的输出端连接传感器1,数据处理模块4向中央控制器2发送测试命令,再由中央控制器2控制传感器1启动,开始进行数据监测;所述的传感器1包括压力传感器和浓度探测器,均设于测井中,分别用于监测测井中的水压和示踪剂的浓度,并通过通讯模块3传送至数据处理模块4,而数据处理模块4则将传感器1获取的电信号转换成相应的水压信号和示踪剂浓度信号,并根据水压计算得到水位数据,再据此计算获得含水层的渗透系数。First with reference to shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of aquifer permeability testing system, comprises
再请参考图2所示,是本发明所提供的一种含水层渗透系数测试方法的流程图,包括如下步骤:Please refer to shown in Fig. 2 again, be the flowchart of a kind of aquifer permeability testing method provided by the present invention, comprise the steps:
(1)在需测试的含水层处开凿测井;(1) Excavating logging wells at the aquifer to be tested;
(2)将一定量的示踪剂溶解在一定体积的水中,混合均匀制作成示踪液,并快速注入测井中,使测井内瞬时产生一定的水头差;(2) Dissolve a certain amount of tracer in a certain volume of water, mix it evenly to make a tracer liquid, and quickly inject it into the well logging, so that a certain water head difference will be generated in the well logging instantaneously;
(3)将传感器置入测井中,配合图3所示,此时测井中注入的示踪液为达到水压平衡,会向测井内壁渗透,在此过程中水位不断降低,而示踪剂的浓度也会减小;此时压力传感器和浓度探测器分别实时采集测井中的水压和示踪剂浓度,并以电信号的形式通过通讯模块发送至数据处理模块;(3) Put the sensor into the well logging, as shown in Fig. 3, at this time, the tracer fluid injected in the well logging will penetrate into the inner wall of the logging well in order to achieve hydraulic balance. The concentration of the tracer will also decrease; at this time, the pressure sensor and the concentration detector respectively collect the water pressure and tracer concentration in the well logging in real time, and send them to the data processing module through the communication module in the form of electrical signals;
(4)数据处理模块将接收到的电信号分别转换为测井中的水压信号和示踪剂浓度信号,并将水压换算为水位信号,所述的水压换算公式为:(4) The data processing module converts the received electric signal into a water pressure signal and a tracer concentration signal in the well logging respectively, and converts the water pressure into a water level signal, and the described water pressure conversion formula is:
其中,H为相对于水平面的水位高度;Among them, H is the height of the water level relative to the water level;
p为测得的水压值;p is the measured water pressure value;
ρ为水的密度;ρ is the density of water;
g为重力加速度。g is the acceleration due to gravity.
然后,再根据裸孔冲击试验模型计算含水层的渗透系数,所述的裸孔冲击试验模型如下式:Then, calculate the permeability coefficient of the aquifer according to the open hole impact test model again, and the described open hole impact test model is as follows:
式中:h为含水层的水头降深;In the formula: h is the water head drawdown of the aquifer;
r为径向距离;r is the radial distance;
Ss为储水率;Ss is the water storage rate;
K为径向渗透系数;K is the radial permeability coefficient;
t为时间;t is time;
H(t)为t时刻测井的水头降深;H(t) is the water head drawdown of well logging at time t;
H0为测井内初始水头降深; H0 is the initial water head drawdown in the logging;
rw为有效滤管半径;r w is the radius of the effective filter tube;
B为含水层厚度;B is the thickness of the aquifer;
Q2(t)表示在试验过程中t时刻流入含水层的水量。Q 2 (t) represents the amount of water flowing into the aquifer at time t during the test.
上述裸孔冲击试验模型的解析式如下所示:The analytical formula of the above open hole impact test model is as follows:
上式中,参数Q2(t)的表达式如下式所示:In the above formula, the expression of the parameter Q 2 (t) is as follows:
其中,c(h0,t)为试验过程中t时刻,含水层的水头降深为h0处示踪剂的浓度值。Among them, c(h 0 , t) is the concentration value of the tracer at the time point t during the test, when the water head drawdown of the aquifer is h 0 .
因此,可得含水层渗透系数的表达式为:Therefore, the expression of the aquifer permeability coefficient can be obtained as:
综上所述,本发明一种含水层渗透系数的测试系统和测试方法,重点在于将示踪技术和冲击试验技术相结合,将一定量的示踪剂溶解在一定体积的水中制作示踪液,将其快速注入测井中,使测井内瞬时产生一定的水头差,然后跟踪记录测井中水位的恢复过程以及测井中示踪剂浓度的变化过程,并利用裸孔冲击试验模型计算含水层的渗透系数。本发明可利用裸孔求得天然状态下含水层的渗透系数,方便快捷,使用成本低,无需套管的使用,适用性广。In summary, a test system and test method for aquifer permeability coefficient of the present invention focus on combining tracer technology and impact test technology, dissolving a certain amount of tracer in a certain volume of water to make a tracer solution , inject it into the well logging quickly, so that a certain water head difference is generated in the well logging instantaneously, and then track and record the recovery process of the water level in the well logging and the change process of the tracer concentration in the well logging, and use the open hole impact test model to calculate The permeability coefficient of the aquifer. The invention can obtain the permeability coefficient of the aquifer in the natural state by utilizing the open holes, is convenient and quick, has low use cost, does not need the use of casing, and has wide applicability.
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical ideas of the present invention, and can not limit the protection scope of the present invention with this. All technical ideas proposed in accordance with the present invention, any changes made on the basis of technical solutions, all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.
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CN102410977B (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-05-22 | 北京市水利科学研究所 | A groundwater permeability test device |
CN102410977A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-11 | 北京市水利科学研究所 | Groundwater permeability coefficient testing arrangement |
CN106124724B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-05-11 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | A kind of inspection well closing monitoring system and method for high water level underground water head, water quality |
CN106124724A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-16 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | Monitoring system and method closed by a kind of high water level underground water head, the inspection well of water quality |
CN106501156B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-04-30 | 河海大学 | A double-pipe method for outer pipe drawdown to determine hydrogeological parameters of outer pipe aquitard on site |
CN106501156A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-15 | 河海大学 | Scene determines the outer tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter |
CN108680483A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-19 | 中南大学 | A kind of soil in-situ apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient and test method |
CN111502616A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining water injection parameters and storage medium |
CN111398132A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-07-10 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Permeability coefficient in-situ intelligent measuring device used in cooperation with water pump |
CN115078209A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-09-20 | 山东大学 | Real-time detection device and method for underground water solute concentration and flow direction |
CN117780325A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Underground water migration similar simulation system and method under in-situ leaching exploitation condition |
CN117780325B (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-10 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Underground water migration similar simulation system and method under in-situ leaching exploitation condition |
CN118794862A (en) * | 2024-08-21 | 2024-10-18 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A method for quickly calculating the permeability coefficient of aquifer |
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